2023北京昌平高三（上）期末英语（有答案）

这是一份2023北京昌平高三（上）期末英语（有答案），共25页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

笔试部分
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Recently my wife and I were flying acrss the cuntry. We were abut t bard ur ___1___ when a wman sitting next t us had a medical episde.
I came back frm the restrm and sat dwn next t my wife, wh leaned in t me and whispered “Smething’s ___2___ . ” A wman was cllapsing and quickly lst cntrl f her bdy. I ___3___ and bent in frnt f her, asking if she was kay.
She ___4___ herself as Miss Jackie. I tld her that I was nt a ___5___ , but I was there fr her t help in any way she needed.
In ne hand I held hers and with my ther hand I supprted her head carefully asking what was happening. She ___6___ that she had a cnditin. When her bdy is expsed t a lt f stress, her bdy ges int a nervus breakdwn.
She explained that she had suffered frm this ___7___ cnditin fr thirty years and wuld be “perfectly fine in just a while”. Just like Jackie said, she was cmpletely fine within abut twenty minutes. As I was still cncerned abut her, Jackie agreed t bard with my ___8___ . I stayed behind t ensure she barded the plane safe and sund.
___9___ , what Jackie needed was smene t listen t her. Dn’t be afraid t listen t strangers and help them ut. Everyne has their wn battles and ____10____ and smetimes they just need smene t care.
1. A. shipB. trainC. busD. flight
2. A. extrardinaryB. differentC. wrngD. unfamiliar
3. A. jumped upB. pulled upC. made upD. wke up
4. A. explainedB. intrducedC. claimedD. described
5. A. judgeB. plicemanC. jurnalistD. dctr
6. A. revealedB. insistedC. deniedD. expected
7. A. nrmalB. casualC. terribleD. necessary
8. A. cntrlB. accmpanyC. agreementD. appintment
9. A. StrangelyB. CertainlyC. NaturallyD. Actually
10. A. cnflictsB. strugglesC. cmpetitinsD. campaigns
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smart hmes are marketed as the future: making life easier, ___11___ (gd), faster and cheaper. They prmise t prvide cnvenience fr ___12___ (use) and give them cntrl ver events in their hmes — ___13___ at hme r nt — as well as prviding cmfrt and energy efficiency, fr example sensing temperature and autmating air cnditining r heating.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When Marilyn tried t srt her mther’s things, she culd find nthing she wanted ___14___ (keep). She leafed thrugh pht albums (相册) fr a picture f herself with her mther and culdn’t find ne. Only Marilyn in kindergarten pigtails; Marilyn in third grade with a ___15___ (miss) frnt tth; Marilyn at a schl party with a paper crwn (王冠) ___16___ her head. There were three pht albums f Marilyn. Nt a single sht f her mther.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rain bmbs ___17___ (create)when ht air mixes with cld air, causing streams f air t drp. Hwever, as the cld air falls, it picks up misture frm the ht air, ___18___ prduces heavy rainfalls. Researchers have fund that climate change ___19___ (play)a big rle in the creatin f rain bmbs. As rainfalls increase, energy is released, causing mre water t evaprate (蒸发)frm the ceans. Because f this cycle, many claim that rain bmbs ___20___ (increase)by 80%by the end f the century.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Read any interesting bks lately? We want t hear abut them, s we’re hsting a Review Blitz! We want reasnable reviews in ne mnth! These reviews must be yur hnest pinins. Dn’t rush thrugh writing them, because we’ll be paying attentin t quality!
Deadline: Feb. 1. 2023
Rules: Yu must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Creativity accunt t enter.
●Submissins must relate t the tpic.
●Each review must have a minimum f 250 wrds.
●There is n limit t the number f pieces yu can submit.
Guidelines:
●Give a brief summary f the bk. Dn’t explain the entire plt r tell yur reader hw the bk ends.
●Tell the reader what yu like r dislike abut the bk, such as theme, characters, writing style, etc.
●Recmmend the bk t certain readers. Is the bk mre suitable t lder teens? Wuld science fictin fans be interested in this bk? It’s helpful fr readers t think abut the bk in the cntext f ther bks they’ve read.
●Remember that it’s kay t have a strng pinin! Avid starting sentences with “I think”, “I believe” r “In my pinin”.
Prizes:
●All participants will receive a certificate.
●First prize winners will each have ne review published in Teen Creativity magazine and get a free 6-mnth magazine subscriptin.
●Secnd prize winners will each get a free 3-mnth magazine subscriptin and receive a $25 gift card.
●Yu’ll receive these prizes befre Sep. 28, 2023.
Submit yur wrks t teencreativity. cm. We hpe reviewing bks brings yu jy. Dn’t think f writing a review as an assignment; imagine yu are writing t a best friend wh lves reading as much as yu d!
21. The participants f Review Blitz ________.
A. need t be at least 12 years ldB. can submit mre than ne review
C. shuld uplad wrks befre Sep. 28D. must express pinins within 250 wrds
22. What will all winners get besides certificates?
A. Gift cards.B. Cash awards.
C. Free magazines.D. Published reviews.
23. Which sentence shuld be avided in the review?
A. The main character Bill survives at last.
B. The authr’s use f imagery is masterful.
C. The talk between the cusins is unbelievable.
D Fans f the Harry Ptter series will lve this bk.
B
My name is Le. I never thught f myself as a special persn, but I always dreamed t be a superher like Batman and Superman.
One mrning, I awke, slipped ut f bed and lked ut f the windw. There was a wrld cvered in a sea f white snw. I hurried t get dressed and set ut t take a walk in the snw with my drne(无人机).
When I wandered in the park near my hme, I saw the frzen river lying there peacefully. Then, a yung girl came int my sight. She ran happily, fllwed by her mm frm a distance. Suddenly, she was s excited that she accidentally rushed t the ice n the river. There was a creak (嘎吱声)and the girl, sensing smething wrng, said “Mmmy!” just befre the ice gave way. With a splash(落水声), the yung girl crashed thrugh the ice. At that mment tw things happened t me. Firstly, I std mre alertly(警觉地)than I had ever been befre in my life. Secndly, I was n the mve.
I didn’t knw what vercame me but I needed t help. The precius drne in my hand crashed t the grund and was crushed by me as I ran. I threw ff my jacket and scarf while running, knwing they wuld weigh me dwn. As the wman yelled “Help!” at passers-by, I was already mving acrss the ice t get the girl. I tried t pull her up but the ice further brke and I fell in t. As the water began t make me very cld t the bne, I thught nly f the yung girl. I grasped her under the arms and pushed her up nt the ice near the edge. I was f almst n help s the mther reached ut and pulled her daughter int her arms.
“Take her. S c-c-c cld.” I said as I pushed the girl upwards.
The wman turned back t help me using the scarf but I was nwhere t be seen. Blackness envelped me.
With a start I awke! There were firemen all arund me and I was lying in the snw with a mask n my face. Cheers brke ut arund me. My life really changed. It was a spirit and it did cme t me because I was a true her.
24. What happened when Le was in the park?
A. His drne landed in the river.B. His jacket and scarf were lst.
C. A yung girl fell int the ice cave.D. A wman crashed thrugh the ice.
25. What was Le thinking when he was in the water?
A. He culd be a real her this time.B. He regretted thrwing ff his stuff.
C. He wndered wh else culd helpD. He needed t save the persn quickly.
26. Accrding t the passage, hw did Le feel in the end?
A. Wrried.B. Prud.
C. Cnfused.D. Shcked
27. Which f the fllwing can best describe Le?
A. Brave and selfless.B. Intelligent and ambitius.
C. Cautius and smart.D. Generus and ptimistic.
C
Mst envirnmental pllutin cmes frm humans and their inventins. The electric bulbs are thught t be ne f the greatest human inventins f all time. Hwever, t much f a gd thing has started t negatively impact the envirnment. Light pllutin, the extreme r inapprpriate use f utdr artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavir. There is a glbal mvement t reduce light pllutin, and everyne can help.
Light pllutin is a glbal issue. This became particularly bvius when the Wrld Atlas (地图册)f Night Sky Brightness, a cmputer-generated map based n thusands f satellite phts, was published in 2016. Vast areas f Nrth America, Eurpe, the Middle East, and Asia are glwing with light, while nly Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazn are in ttal darkness.
Artificial light can wreak havc n natural bdy rhythms in bth humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and cnfuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-fur-hur clck that guides day and night activities and affects physilgical prcesses in nearly all living rganisms. One f these prcesses is the prductin f the hrmne melatnin(褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is prevented when there is light. An increased amunt f light at night lwers melatnin prductin, which results in lack f sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and ther health prblems. Blue light, in particular, has been shwn t reduce levels f melatnin in humans. It is fund in cell phnes and ther cmputer devices, as well as in light-emitting dides (LEDs), the kinds f bulbs that have becme ppular at hme and in industrial and city lighting due t their lw cst and energy efficiency.
Studies shw that light pllutin is als impacting animal behavirs, such as migratin (迁徙)patterns and habitat frmatin. Because f light pllutin, sea turtles guided by mnlight during migratin get cnfused, lse their way, and ften die. Large numbers f insects, a primary fd surce fr birds and ther animals, are drawn t artificial light and are instantly killed upn cntact with light surces. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study lked at hw animals in sea respnded t brightly lit panels put under water ff the cast f Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals(滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt(海鞘), made their hmes near the lighted panels. This culd mean that the artificial light is altering cean ecsystems.
The gd news is that light pllutin, unlike many ther frms f pllutin, is reversible(可逆的)and each ne f us can make a difference! Nw, many peple are taking actin t reduce light pllutin and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are urged t use utdr lighting nly when and where it is needed, t make sure utdr lights are prperly shielded (遮挡)and direct light dwn instead f up int the sky, and t clse windw blinds, shades, and curtains at night t keep light inside.
28. What des the underlined phrase “wreak havc n” in Para. 3 prbably mean?
A. Greatly imprve.B. Well maintain.
C. Strictly manage.D. Seriusly damage.
29. Accrding t the passage, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. Light pllutin was first studied as a glbal issue in 2016.
B. Deep-sea envirnment can help animals avid light pllutin.
C. Artificial light affects the sense f directin and habits f animals.
D. LEDs can be used mre because f lw cst and energy efficiency.
30. What is the authr’s attitude twards the cntrl f light pllutin?
A. Uncncerned.B. Negative.
C. Neutral.D. Psitive.
31. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T call n peple t reduce light pllutin.
B. T discuss frs and againsts f artificial light.
C. T give suggestins t prtect envirnment.
D. T shw develpment prspect f artificial light.
D
There are hundreds f bacterial(细菌的)species in ur stmach. Bacterial diversity is a gd thing, a general cntributr t and marker f gd health. But what des a healthy stmach lk like? Studies indicate that the cmpsitin varies by many factrs.
One f the mst imprtant, it turns ut, is wh yu currently live with. Researchers have cme t the cnclusin: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are knwn t affect the micrbime(微生物组), but scial relatinships shape it mst—especially when it cmes t marriage. The Dutch Prject, which studied micrbes in 8, 208 individuals belnging t three generatins, finds that the heritability f micrbes is nly 1. 9 percent. They nticed much greater similarity amng the unrelated individuals sharing a husehld than amng relatives wh d nt share husehlds, including twins whse living situatins differ in adulthd.
The researchers fund that nearly 50 percent f micrbial types were significantly affected by chabitatin. In general, the micrbimes f all types f chabitrs (including parents and children) were mre similar than thse f participants living separately n matter their relatedness. Married cuples wh reprt having a clse, lving relatinship have the mst similarity. Evidence f micrbial sharing, especially f rare species, shws exchanges thrugh interactins. And that puts highlight n acts f clse relatinship—including kissing. Scientists have knwn fr decades that scial relatinships, especially marriage, pwerfully affect health. Nt nly are the micrbimes f chabiting cuples mre similar t each ther; they als are mre similarly diverse. There is a greater richness f species than in unmarried, nnchabiting individuals.
Despite the dminating influence f a clse, chabiting relatinship, the micrbime can be different in diet, especially ne rich in plant fiber. It can als be influenced by behavir, such as farming and gardening and exercise. Mrever, it’s adaptable t envirnment—green space and pllutants arund yu. Living in a rural envirnment brings increases in bacteria linked t health, and decreases in bacteria that are harmful. Living with pets als has a psitive effect n the micrbime, while expsure t air pllutin, especially car exhaust, and passive expsure t cigarette smke have negative effects.
It can als be affected by direct additin f specific species f bacteria, delivered in cnsumable prbitics(口服益生菌). There are prbitics nw marketed fr digestive health, thers aimed at immune health, and still thers fr bsting md. Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?
32. Which grup has the mst similar micrbimes?
A. Husband and wife.B. Adult twins.
C. Grandfather and grandsn.D. Clleagues.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Diet has a dminating influence n micrbimes.
B. Chabitatin is helpful fr us t have a balanced diet.
C. Scial relatins play a similar rle as sme prbitics.
D. The micrbimes in cuples are less diverse than singles.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Wh Are the Healthiest Peple?B. Hw Des Scial Life Affect Our Health?
C. What Will a Healthy Stmach Lk Like?D. Hw D Micrbimes Wrk in Our Bdy?
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Nervus Jurney
Let’s take a jurney. It is ging t be a fast ne, s be prepared. Where are we ging? We are ging t start at yur head and end up at yur tes. ___35___ It may be the shrtest and fastest trip f yur life. Are yu ready? Let’s begin. Wiggle yur big te. Okay, we’re dne. Yu might be saying, “That’s it?” We said it was ging t be a fast ride!
Yu just sent a message with an electrical signal frm yur brain t the muscles in yur te. Bing! It mves. ___36___ The electrical signals in yur bdy can mve as fast as 150 meters per secnd. In the amunt f time it takes yu t say “Mississippi” three times, a nerve culd send an electrical signal the length f a ftball field and back. Nw that yu knw hw fast a nerve impulse (神经冲动) can travel, let’s take a lk at the system that is the highway fr these electrical signals.
The human bdy is made f trillins f tiny cells. Each cell is s small that yu need a micrscpe t see them. Yur skin, yur hair, yur eye — all are made up f cells. ___37___ Muscle cells mve yur bdy. Skin cells prtect yur bdy. One special type f cell, neurns (神经元), allw yur brain t send messages t every part f yur bdy.
The center f the nervus system is the brain. The brain takes in what yur eyes see and what yur ears hear. ___38___ Yu can think f yur nervus system as a relay team passing a batn frm ne runner t the next. But instead f runners, yu have cells, and instead f a batn, yu have infrmatin. ___39___ It hands its infrmatin t the next cell, which passes the infrmatin t anther cell. In the end, the infrmatin reaches its destinatin and causes a change — maybe a muscle cntracts. The “infrmatin” batn passed frm neurn t neurn is usually a small electrical event called an actin ptential.
A. Just hw fast was the signal mving?
B. A neurn in yur brain starts the relay.
C. Different types f cells d different jbs.
D. Yu might have heard them called brain cells.
E. Did yu ever wish yu culd g inside smene’s brain?
F. It may nt seem like a lng trip, but it is ging t be fast.
G. If yu decide that yu want t mve arund, yur brain tells yur muscles t d it.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Abut five years ag, I was part f a pilt grup tasked with helping the disabled be successful inside the rganizatin. My bss decided t be the spnsr fr the pilt and he was very kind. Until then we had nly hired peple with visually challenged disability.
I led the interview prcess and hired a candidate with autism (自闭症). The candidate had the qualificatins but ur interview panel felt the disability wuld prevent him frm learning the skills and being cmpetent fr a jb. I cnvinced my peers(同伴)t give him a rle, and try ut. He finally was hired as a temprary cntractr.
I gave the candidate a lt f encuragement and became ne f his mentrs(导师). He slwly and surely blssmed in the wrkplace. There were many difficulties and barriers alng the way. But he tried his best t vercme all the challenges his disability brught him with my help, which deeply mved his clleagues and leadership. Gradually, he came t be accepted by them. He t wn many friends and admiratin at the wrkplace.
Fast frward five years, he called me last night t let me knw that he gt a frmal ffer yesterday frm his manager as a regular emplyee with a jb title. I cngratulated him and tld him my jy. He went n t say “Sir, withut yur supprt all these years, I wuld nt be here.” I tld him “Yur success is the reward f yur hard wrk and persistence. Yu are an inspiratin t a lt f peple with similar disabilities.”
Isn’t it wnderful that a persn with disability is becming very successful in a wrkplace and makes his family s prud?
40. What was the task f the pilt grup?
_____________________________________________________
41. Why didn’t the interviewers want t hire the candidate?
_____________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶The candidate gradually came t be accepted by his clleagues and leadership because he managed t make friends with them.
_____________________________________________________
43. Amng the qualities f “I”, which ne(s)d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你参加了学校举办的线上英文演讲比赛。在准备的过程中，你的英国朋友Jim给了你很多帮助。请你用英文给他写一封邮件表达感谢，内容包括：
1. 介绍比赛结果；
2. 回顾Jim对你的帮助。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和他的妻子在旅行时帮助了一位患病的妇女登上飞机的故事，同时作者也呼吁人们要勇于倾听和帮助别人。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正准备登机时坐在我们旁边的一位女士突然发病了。A. ship船；B. train火车；C. bus汽车；D. flight航班。根据前文“Recently my wife and I were flying acrss the cuntry.”可知，最近作者和他的妻子将要坐飞机穿越这个国家，推断出他们正准备登机。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从洗手间回来，坐在我妻子的旁边，她靠过来低声说：“有点不对劲儿。”。A. extrardinary不同寻常的；B. different不同的；C. wrng（身体）有毛病的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据后文“A wman was cllapsing and quickly lst cntrl f her bdy.”可知，一位妇女倒下了并且身体快速地失去控制，推断出作者的妻子发现旁边的妇女身体出了问题。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我跳起来在她面前俯下身，问她是否还好。A. jumped up跳起来；B. pulled up阻止；C. made up弥补；D. wke up醒来。根据前文“sat dwn next t my wife”可知，作者当时是坐在椅子上的，由于突发的情况，推断出他是从椅子上跳起来帮助这个妇女。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她介绍说她是Miss Jackie。A. explained解释；B. intrduced介绍；C. claimed声明；D. described描述。根据前文“I ___3___ and bent in frnt f her, asking if she was kay.”可知，作者在询问这位妇女的情况，推断出妇女是在回答作者的问题，所以介绍了自己的名字。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她我不是医生，但是如果她有任何需要我都会尽力帮助她。A. judge裁判，法官；B. pliceman警察；C. jurnalist记者；D. dctr医生。根据后文“In ne hand I held hers and with my ther hand I supprted her head, carefully asking what was happening.”可知，作者一手扶着她的手而另一只手托着她的头，仔细询问她发生了什么情况，说明作者看不出妇女的病情，推断出他并不是医生。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她透露说她有疾病。A. revealed透露；B. insisted坚持；C. denied否认；D. expected期盼。根据前文“carefully asking what was happening”可知作者询问了她的情况，所以她告诉作者她的疾病。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他只是说他患有这种糟糕的症状已经有三十年了，过一会儿就会完全好起来。A. nrmal正常的；B. casual随意的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. necessary必要的。根据前文“A wman was cllapsing and quickly lst cntrl f her bdy.”可知，妇女发病的时候很痛苦，不能控制自己的身体，推断出她认为这个疾病很糟糕。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我仍旧担心她，Jackie同意在我的陪伴下登机。A. cntrl控制；B. accmpany陪伴；C. agreement同意；D. appintment约会。根据后文“I stayed behind t ensure she barded the plane safe and sund.”可知，作者站在妇女的身后确保她平安健康地登上飞机，推断出作者是陪伴着Jackie登上飞机的。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Jack真正需要的是有个人听她说话。A. Strangely奇怪地；B. Certainly确定；C. Naturally自然地；D. Actually事实上。根据后文“what Jackie needed was smene t listen t her”可知，Jackie只是需要有人听她说话这是一个客观事实，“事实上”符合句意。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都有自己的斗争与难事，并且有些时候他们需要的仅仅是某些人的关心。A. cnflicts冲突；B. struggles难事；C. cmpetitins比赛；D. campaigns战役。根据前文“She ___6___ that she had a cnditin.”可知，她患有疾病就是她面临的难事。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
【答案】11. better
12. users 13. whether
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能家居的优点。
【11题详解】
考查比较级。句意：智能家居被营销为未来：让生活更轻松、更好、更快、更便宜。根据句中easier，faster和cheaper可知，此处应用比较级形式。故填better。
【12题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：它们承诺为用户提供便利，让他们控制家中的事件——无论是否在家——以及提供舒适和能源效率，例如传感温度和自动化空调或供暖。根据句意可知，此处表示“使用者”；根据代词them可知，应用名词的复数形式。故填users。
【13题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：它们承诺为用户提供便利，让他们控制家中的事件——无论是否在家——以及提供舒适和能源效率，例如传感温度和自动化空调或供暖。固定句型whether…r nt…“无论是……还是……”。故填whether。
【答案】14. t keep
15. missing
16. n
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述玛丽莲试图整理她母亲的东西时发现的照片。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当玛丽莲试图整理她母亲的东西时，她找不到任何她想要保留的东西。固定搭配want t d sth.“想要做某事”。故填t keep。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：三年级的玛丽莲缺了一颗门牙。此处修饰名词frnt tth，应用形容词，作定语。故填missing。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：玛丽莲在学校聚会上，头上戴着纸王冠。此处是“with+名词/ +介词短语”的复合结构，名词head前用介词n。故填n。
【答案】17. will be created
18. which 19. plays
20. will have increased
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了暴雨的形成原因及其过程。
【17题详解】
考查谓语。句意：当冷空气与热空气混合时，就会形成暴雨，使气流下降。分析句子结构可知，该句包含when引导的时间状语从句，主句该处缺谓语动词，主将从现，可知应用一般将来时，且主语与改动词之间形成被动关系。故填will be created。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，当冷空气下降时， 它会收集来自于热空气中的水分，它会形成暴雨。分析句子结构可知，该处缺主语，为非限制性定语从句，且先行词为misture，指物，故填which。
【19题详解】
考查谓语。句意：研究人员发现气候改变在暴雨形成过程中扮演重大的角色。分析句子结构可知，该处缺谓语，结合上下文，应用一般现在时，且主语是三单形式，故填plays。
20题详解】
考查谓语。句意：由于这种循环，很多人宣称到这个世纪末，暴雨会增加百分之八十。分析句子结构可知，该处缺谓语，且由句子中by the end f the century可知，应使用将来完成时，故填will have increased。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一则应用文。文章主要介绍邀请读者对读过的书写书评的活动——评论闪电战。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rules部分“There is n limit t the number f pieces yu can submit. (你可以提交的作品数量没有限制)”可知，参加者可以提交的作品数量没有限制。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分“●All participants will receive a certificate.●First prize winners will each have ne review published in Teen Creativity magazine and get a free 6-mnth magazine subscriptin.●Secnd prize winners will each get a free 3-mnth magazine subscriptin and receive a $25 gift card. (●所有参加者都将获得证书。●一等奖获得者每人将有一篇评论发表在《青少年创造力》杂志上，并可免费订阅6个月的杂志。● 二等奖得主每人可免费订阅3个月的杂志，并获得25美元的礼品卡)”可知，所有参加者除了获得证书之外，还可以获得免费订阅的杂志。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guidelines部分“Give a brief summary f the bk. Dn’t explain the entire plt r tell yur reader hw the bk ends. (对这本书做一个简短的总结。不要解释整个情节，也不要告诉你的读者这本书的结局)”可知，写书评时不要写书的结局。故选A。
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者Le在公园里下救下掉入冰洞落水女孩的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I wandered in the park near my hme, I saw the frzen river lying there was a creak (嘎吱声) and the girl, sensing smething wrng, said “Mmmy!” just befre the ice gave way. With a splash(落水声), the yung girl crashed thrugh the ice.(当我在我家附近的公园里漫步时，我看到冰冻的河流静静地躺在那里……嘎吱一声，小女孩感觉到有什么不对劲，在冰层坍塌之前叫了一声“妈妈！”。随着一声水花四溅，那个年轻的女孩撞破了冰层，落水了)”可知，当Le在公园时，一个小女孩掉进了冰洞里，落水了，故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“As the water began t make me very cld t the bne, I thught nly f the yung girl.(当水开始让我感到彻骨的寒冷时，我想的只是那个年轻的女孩)”可知，当Le在水中时，想到的只是要尽快救出落水女孩。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“My life really changed. It was a spirit and it did cme t me because I was a true her.(我的人生真的改变了。这是一种精神，它确实来我这，因为我是一个真正的英雄)”可知，Le认为自己是一个真正的英雄。由此推知，文章最后表明他感到很自豪，故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The precius drne in my hand crashed t the grund and was crushed by me as I ran. I threw ff my jacket and scarf while running, knwing they wuld weigh me the water began t make me very cld t the bne, I thught nly f the yung girl.(我手中珍贵的无人机坠落在地上，在我奔跑的时候被我压碎了。我在跑步的时候脱掉了外套和围巾，知道它们会把我压垮……当水开始让我感到非常寒冷，我只想到了那个年轻的女孩)”可知，当Le看到女孩落水后，不顾自己珍贵的无人机摔碎，直接去救女孩，而且在水中的时候所想的也只有救女孩，完全不顾自己很冷。由此推知，Le是一个勇敢且无私的人。故选A。
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语下文“It interrupts sleep and cnfuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-fur-hur clck that guides day and night activities and affects physilgical prcesses in nearly all living rganisms. (它会干扰睡眠，扰乱昼夜节律——几乎所有生物体内指导昼夜活动并影响生理过程的24小时生物钟)”和下文提到的人造光对人类和动物造成的危害可知，人造光会打扰睡眠，扰乱生理节律，对人类和动物产生危害，结合划线短语所在句子“Artificial light can wreak havc n natural bdy rhythms in bth humans and animals.(人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律wreak havc n。)”可推知，人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律造成严重破坏。由此可知，划线短语“wreak havc n”意思与D项“严重损害”意思一样，故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies shw that light pllutin is als impacting animal behavirs, such as migratin (迁徙)patterns and habitat frmatin. Because f light pllutin, sea turtles guided by mnlight during migratin get cnfused, lse their way, and ften die. (研究表明，光污染也影响动物的行为，如迁徙模式和栖息地的形成。由于光污染，在月光引导下的海龟在迁徙过程中容易迷路，甚至死亡。)”可知，人造光影响动物的方向感和习性。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The gd news is that light pllutin, unlike many ther frms f pllutin, is reversible(可逆的)and each ne f us can make a difference! (好消息是，光污染，不像其他形式的污染，是可逆的，我们每个人都可以做出改变！)”可知，光污染是可逆的，每个人都可以做出改变，由此可推知，作者对光污染控制的态度是积极乐观的，故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Light pllutin, the extreme r inapprpriate use f utdr artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavir. There is a glbal mvement t reduce light pllutin, and everyne can help.(光污染，极端或不适当的使用户外人工光，正在影响人类健康和野生动物的行为。有一个减少光污染的全球运动，每个人都可以帮忙。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染，所以文章的写作目的是呼吁人们减少光污染。故选A。
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一个健康的胃的组成是有很多不同的因素。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have cme t the cnclusin: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are knwn t affect the micrbime(微生物组), but scial relatinships shape it mst—especially when it cmes t marriage. ”（研究人员得出结论：饮食遗传力已知会影响微生物组，但社会关系影响最大，尤其是婚姻关系。）以及“They nticed much greater similarity amng the unrelated individuals sharing a husehld than amng relatives wh d nt share husehlds, including twins whse living situatins differ in adulthd.”（同住一个家庭的无血缘关系的个体之间的相似性比不同住一个家庭之间的无血缘关系的亲属之间的相似性要大得多）可知，丈夫和妻子的关系会具有相似的微生物群。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nw that it’s clear that scial relatins play the largest rle in the makeup f the micrbime, can prbitics fr singles be far behind?”（既然社会关系在微生物的构成中起着重大的作用，那么单身者们的益生菌还会远吗？）可知，社会关系和一些益生菌都在微生物的构成中起着重要作用，由此可推知，社会关系和一些益生菌有着相似的作用。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。结合文章第一自然段“There are hundreds f bacterial(细菌的)species in ur stmach. Bacterial diversity is a gd thing, a general cntributr t and marker f gd health. But what des a healthy stmach lk like? Studies indicate that the cmpsitin varies by many factrs.(我们的胃里有数百种细菌。细菌多样性是一件好事，是健康的总体贡献者和标志。但是健康的胃是什么样子的呢？研究表明，成分因许多因素而异。)”可知，本文介绍了一个健康的人的胃受到各种因素的影响，C项“健康的胃会是什么样子？”最适合做文章标题，故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】35. F 36. A 37. C 38. G 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑中的神经元通过神经冲动指挥人体行动的原理和过程。
【35题详解】
根据前文“We are ging t start at yur head and end up at yur tes.(我们将从你的头部开始，到你的脚趾。)”和后文“It may be the shrtest and fastest trip f yur life.(这可能是你一生中最短最快的一次旅行。)”可知，此处是指从头部到脚趾并不是一段很长的旅行，但是很快。所以选项F“这似乎不是一段漫长的旅程，但它会很快。”切合文意。故选F。
【36题详解】
根据后文“The electrical signals in yur bdy can mve as fast as 150 meters per secnd.(你体内的电信号可以以每秒150米的速度移动。)”可知，此处是讲人体内的信号移动得有多快，所以选项A“信号移动的速度有多快？”切合文意。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据后文“Muscle cells mve yur bdy. Skin cells prtect yur bdy. One special type f cell, neurns (神经元), allw yur brain t send messages t every part f yur bdy.(肌肉细胞推动身体运动。皮肤细胞保护你的身体。一种特殊类型的细胞，神经元，让你的大脑发送信息到你身体的每个部分。)”可知，此处是指不同类型的细胞做着不同的工作，所以选项C“不同类型的细胞做着不同的工作。”切合文意。故选C。
【38题详解】
根据前文“The center f the nervus system is the brain. The brain takes in what yur eyes see and what yur ears hear.(神经系统的中心是大脑。大脑接收眼睛看到的和耳朵听到的。)”可知，此处是指大脑是行动的指挥中心，所以选项G“如果你决定要四处走动，你的大脑会告诉你的肌肉这样做。”切合文意。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据后文“It hands its infrmatin t the next cell, which passes the infrmatin t anther cell. In the end, the infrmatin reaches its destinatin and causes a change — maybe a muscle cntracts. The “infrmatin” batn passed frm neurn t neurn is usually a small electrical event called an actin ptential.(它将信息传递给下一个细胞，下一个细胞将信息传递给另一个细胞。最后，信息到达目的地并引起变化——也许是肌肉收缩。从一个神经元传递到另一个神经元的“信息”指挥棒通常是一个称为动作电位的小电事件。)”可知，此处是指神经元开始了接力赛，所以选项B“你大脑中的一个神经元开始了这个接力。”切合文意。故选B。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
【答案】40. The task f the pilt grup is t help the disabled be successful inside the rganizatin.
41. Because they feel the disability wuld prevent him frm learning the skills and being cmpetent fr a jb.
42. The candidate gradually came t be accepted by his clleagues and leadership because he managed t make friends with them. The reasn that the candidate gradually came t be accepted by his clleagues and leadership is that he tried his best t vercme all the challenges his disability brught him with my help. This deeply mved his clleagues and leadership.
43. Amng the qualities f “I”, I think kindness will be imprtant fr us.When the interview panel felt the disability wuld prevent the candidate frm learning the skills and being cmpetent fr a jb, I cnvinced my peers t give him a rle, and try ut. I gave the candidate a lt f encuragement and he slwly and surely blssmed in the wrkplace. I think my kindness played an imprtant rle in his success. S I think kindness will be imprtant fr us.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作为小组成员之一的作者帮助残疾人在组织内取得成功的故事，告诉我们帮助残疾人成功是一件很美妙的事情。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Abut five years ag, I was part f a pilt grup tasked with helping the disabled be successful inside the rganizatin.(大约五年前，我是一个试点小组的一员，该小组的任务是帮助残疾人在组织内部取得成功。)”可知，试验组的任务是帮助残疾人在组织内取得成功，故答案为：The task f the pilt grup is t help the disabled be successful inside the rganizatin。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The candidate had the qualificatins but ur interview panel felt the disability wuld prevent him frm learning the skills and being cmpetent fr a jb.(这位候选人符合条件，但我们的面试小组认为他的残疾会妨碍他学习技能和胜任工作。)”可知，面试官不想聘用这位候选人是因为他们觉得残疾会妨碍他学习技能和胜任工作，故答案为：Because they feel the disability wuld prevent him frm learning the skills and being cmpetent fr a jb。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“But he tried his best t vercme all the challenges his disability brught him with my help, which deeply mved his clleagues and leadership. Gradually, he came t be accepted by them.(但在我的帮助下，他努力克服了残疾给他带来的一切挑战，这让他的同事和领导深受感动。渐渐地，他被他们接受了。)”可知，“因为他设法和他们成为了朋友”这句话是错误的。这位候选人逐渐被他的同事和领导层接受，是因为他在我的帮助下尽力克服了残疾给他带来的所有挑战，这深深打动了他的同事和领导者，故答案为：The candidate gradually came t be accepted by his clleagues and leadership because he managed t make friends with them. The reasn that the candidate gradually came t be accepted by his clleagues and leadership is that he tried his best t vercme all the challenges his disability brught him with my help. This deeply mved his clleagues and leadership.
【43题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作为小组成员之一的作者帮助残疾人在组织内取得成功的故事，再根据第三段“I gave the candidate a lt f encuragement and became ne f his mentrs(导师). He slwly and surely blssmed in the wrkplace.(我给了应聘者很多鼓励，成为了他的导师之一。他慢慢地、稳步地在工作场所成长起来。)”可知，作者的友善给了残疾人很大鼓励，对残疾人的成功发挥了很大作用。故答案为：Amng the qualities f “I”, I think kindness will be imprtant fr us.When the interview panel felt the disability wuld prevent the candidate frm learning the skills and being cmpetent fr a jb, I cnvinced my peers t give him a rle, and try ut. I gave the candidate a lt f encuragement and he slwly and surely blssmed in the wrkplace. I think my kindness played an imprtant rle in his success. S I think kindness will be imprtant fr us。
第二节(20分)
44. 【答案】Dear Jim
I can’t wait t tell yu the gd news that I wn the first prize in the English Speech Cntest held in ur schl! I am writing t shw my gratitude t yu.
I wuld always remember that befre the cntest, yu gave me many valuable suggestins abut hw t perfrm better during the cntest, such as reading English text ludly every mrning. Besides, yur encuragement als made me full f cnfidence. Thanks t yur guidance, I really kept calm and shwed the best f myself t thers.
Withut yur patient help, I culdn’t make such an achievement. Thank yu again fr yur kindness! Best wishes t yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本书面表达是一篇感谢信。要求考生以学生李华的身份对在准备英语演讲比赛过程中，给予了很多帮助的英国朋友Jim写一封邮件表达感谢。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cntest→cmpetitin
感谢：gratitude→thanks
有用的：valuable→useful
建议：suggestin→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, yur encuragement als made me full f cnfidence.
拓展句：Besides, yu encuraged me s much that I were full f cnfidence.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I can’t wait t tell yu the gd news that I wn the first prize in the English Speech Cntest held in ur schl! (运用了that引导的同位语从句)
[高分句型2] I wuld always remember that befre the cntest, yu gave me many valuable suggestins abut hw t perfrm better during the cntest, such as reading English text ludly every mrning. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)