八年级上册 Unit 3 知识点总结

译林版八上U3知识点总结Come on. Hobo.  来吧,霍波。解析：come on意为“来吧，赶快"，表示催促。如：➢ Come on! The bus is leaving.快点儿！公交车就要开走了。扩展：come on还可以表示“挑战、命令、恳求、激励别人、给别人助威等”。如：➢ Come on, and see with your own eyes!跟我来，你亲眼看看吧!➢ Come on! You can do it!没问题!你能行!➢ Come on! Come on!加油!加油! Let's enjoy ourselves! 让我们尽情享受吧!解析：enjoy oneself意为“玩得愉快,过得开心”,相当于have a good time/have fun。如：➢ We enjoyed ourselves at the top of the mountain.= We had a good time at the top of the mountain.我们在山顶上玩得很愉快。提醒：使用enjoy oneself短语时，enjoy后的反身代词在人称上要与enjoy前的主语保持致。 Take care!  保重!解析：take care，动词短语，意为“保重"，常用于向朋友或家人道别。如：➢ Take care, my son.  保重，我的儿子。拓展：take care还可表示“当心；注意”，相当于look out或be careful。如：➢ Take care! The ice is thin.   当心！冰很薄。 We're going to the top of the Eiffel Tower this afternoon!今天下午我们要登上埃菲尔铁塔啦!解析：top，名词，意为“顶部，(物体的)上面”。the top of意为“....的顶部”。如：➢ Can you see the top of the mountain?你能看见山顶吗?拓展：固定短语at the top of意为“在.....的顶端”。如：➢ There is a big clock at the top of the building.在建筑顶端有一个大钟。 ---How wide is the bridge?  桥有多宽?---It's 90 feet wide.      90英尺宽。解析：wide，形容词，意为“...宽的；宽广的”，在句中作定语或表语。固定结构“基数词 + 单位 + wide”表示“有....宽”。如：➢ This is a wide and deep river.这是一条又宽又深的河。➢ The table is three feet wide.这张桌子有3英尺宽。拓展：① 英语中对某物的宽度提问要用固定结构“How wide...?”。类似结构“How tall/high/ heavy/ old/ long/deep ...”意为“...有多高/重/大(年龄)/长/深?”。如：➢ How wide is the blackboard?   黑板有多宽?➢ ---How tall is Tom?    汤姆有多高?---He is 1.7 metres tall.   他身高一米七。② wide 作副词，意为“充分地”。如：➢ Open your mouth wide.  张大你的嘴巴。 I'm doing fine here.  我在这里挺好。解析：fine，副词，意为“够好，蛮不错”，常用于口语中。如：➢ Things are going fine.  事情很顺利。拓展：① fine，形容词，意为“身体好的”，相当于well. 如：➢ My grandfather is fine these days.这些天我爷爷身体很好② fine，形容词，意为“晴朗的；美好的”。如：➢ It's a fine day, isn't it?  天气不错，不是吗? Yesterday Kitty's teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.昨天基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加他们去世界公园的学校旅行。解析：join，动词，意为“加入；参加”。如：➢ May I join you?  我可以加入你们吗?辨析：join，join in与take part in词条含义用法join三者都有“参加”的意思指加入某个团体，从而成为其中一员join in尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动take part in多指参加者持积极态度参加活动并在活动中发挥作用如：➢ My good friend invited me to join the visit to the West Lake with him yesterday.   昨天我的好朋友邀请我加入他的西湖之行。➢ Please come and join in the game.请来参加这个游戏。➢ He will take part in the meeting tomorrow.明天他将参加会议. The sun was shining in a clear blue sky.太阳在晴朗蔚蓝的天空中照耀着。解析：(1) shine，不及物动词，意为“照耀，发光”，过去式为shone，形容词形式为shiny，意为“光亮的，闪闪发光的”。如：➢ The sun is shining and it’s very warm.阳光照耀，天气很暖和。(2)  clear，形容词，意为“晴朗的”，形容天气状况。如：➢ We can go for a picnic on clear days.我们可以在晴朗的日子去野餐。➢ It will be clear in Nanjing tomorrow.明天南京将是晴天。 We finally arrived at the park.  我们最终到达了公园。解析：(1) finally，副词，意为“最后”，位置比较灵活，可置于句首或动词前，同义短语有at last，in the end。如：➢ Finally we got the box out of the house.最后我们把箱子搬出了屋子。➢ The patient finally died of cancer.那位病人最终死于癌症。（2）arrive不及物动词，意为“到达”，其名词为arrival如：➢ My father will call me when he arrives.我爸爸到的时候,将给我打电话。➢ We are waiting for his arrival.我们在等待他的到来。 All of us couldn't wait to get off the bus.我们所有人都迫不及待地要下车。解析：(1) can't wait意为“迫不及待”，can't wait for sth. 对某事迫不及待; can't wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事。如：➢ Tom can't wait for his Christmas present.汤姆迫不及待想要他的圣诞礼物。➢ I can't wait to learn the result of the exam.我迫不及待想了解考试结果。（2）get off意为“下(公交车、火车、自行车、飞机、轮船等)”，反义短语为get on；但表示“上(轿车、出租车)”则用get in/into，反义短语为get out of。如：➢ They got on the train in Shanghai and got off in Beijing.他们在上海上火车.在北京下火车。➢ He got into his car.   他上了他的轿车。 There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all overthe world.   那儿有100多个世界各地景点的模型。解析：place of interest 意为“景点”。interest 意为“兴趣”，show/ take/ feel/ have an interest in意为“对.....感兴趣”。如：➢ Suzhou is an old city. It has many places of interest.苏州是一座古老的城市。它有很多名胜古迹。➢ He feels an interest in the subject.他对这个学科感兴趣。 I couldn't believe my eyes.   我不能相信自己的眼睛。解析：can't believe one's eyes 意为“不能相信自己的眼睛”，指不相信看到的是真的，表示惊讶。如：➢ He saw her there but he couldn't believe his eyes.他看到她在那里，但是他不能相信自己的眼睛。拓展：can't believe one's ears 意为“不能相信自己的耳朵”。如：➢ I couldn't believe my ears when I heard the good news.当听到那个好消息时，我不能相信自己的耳朵。 We learnt a lot about different cultures.我们了解了许多不同的文化。解析：culture，名词，意为“文化”，常用作不可数名词，但当指拥有特定信仰等的国家、群体的文化时，可用作可数名词。如：➢ Each country has its unique culture.每个国家都有其独一无二的文化。➢ Beijing is a good city for anyone who is interested in culture.对于任何对文化感兴趣的人来说，北京是座很好的城市。 Go and see for yourselves!   你们自己去看看吧!解析：for oneself意为“亲自；为自己”，反身代词oneself随着主语的变化而变化。如：➢ Live for yourself.  为你自己而活。➢ I need to go and help him for myself.我需要亲自去帮帮他。拓展：by oneself意为“独立地，独自"，相当于alone或on one's own。如：➢ She can make a kite by herself.她能独自制作一只风筝。 Simon is trying to pull himself up the rocks.西蒙正试图往岩石上爬。解析：pull，动词，意为“拉；拖；移开”，其反义词为push (推)。pull up意为“往高处攀登；拔起来；费力地站起来”。如：➢ He pulled his younger brother out of bed.他把他弟弟从床上拖了起来。➢ Don't pull up the young trees.别把小树苗拔起来。 Luckily, some climbers helped Simon.幸运的是，一些攀登者帮助了西蒙。解析：luckily，副词，意为“幸好，幸运的是”，其反义词为unluckily，意为“不幸地”，常作状语，位于句首。如：➢ In Changchun we ran into him luckily last time.上次在长春我们有幸偶然遇见了他。➢ Luckily, there was a doctor on the spot and he saved the poor man.幸运的是，现场有位医生，他救了那个可怜的人。 as ... as   和...一样解析：as...as 意为“和....一样”，其否定结构为not as/so...as意为“和...不一样”。此结构的第一个as为副词，其后通常接形容词或副词的原级，第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点： ①  在否定句中，第一个as也可换成so。如：➢ He doesn't study as/so hard as Billy.他学习不如比利努力。②  该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及程度或数量，可用“as much +不可数名词+ as”结构和“as many +可数名词复数+ as”结构。如：➢ You made as many mistakes as I did.   你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。拓展：第二个as后接从句时，该as通常为连词，但有时这个as还充当其后从句的主语或宾语，此时该as实为关系代词。如：➢ I gave him as much as he could eat. And he was too full.他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。他吃得太饱了。 反身代词解析：英语中用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。具体如下:人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves① 当一个句子的主语和宾语是同一个人时，常用反身代词作宾语，此时的反身代词常位于buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash等动词之后。如：➢ Her sister taught herself English.   她妹妹自学了英语。② 作名词、代词的同位语，表示强调，意为“亲自;本人”。在句中可置于名词或代词后，也可置于句末。如：➢ I myself made the advertisement.= I made the advertisement myself.我亲自制作了这个广告。③ 作表语。如：➢ She is not quite herself today.今天她身体不太舒服。反身代词相关的固定搭配有：enjoy oneself = have a good time; by oneself = alone。 Come and cheer for our team!   快来给我们队加油吧!解析：cheer，动词，意为“欢呼，喝彩”，cheer for意为“为....欢呼/喝彩”。如：➢ We all cheered as the team came onto the field.队伍入场时我们都欢呼。➢ Let's cheer for the winners.让我们为胜利者们喝彩吧。 With your support, we will win!有你们的支持，我们会赢！解析：with one's support 意为“在某人的支持下”，反义短语为without one's support，意为“没有某人的支持”。support，名词，意为“支持”。如：➢ With his support, I finished my work on time.在他的支持下，我准时完成了工作。➢ Your support meant a lot to me during the difficult time.在这困难时期，你的支持对我来说意义很大。 Reach the Sports Centre.   到达体育中心。解析：reach, 及物动词，意为“到达"，后直接跟宾语，不用加介词。reach 和arrive一样，属于正式用语。如：➢ They reached Beijing on February 17.他们于2月17日到达北京。辨析：arrive，get to与reach词条含义用法arrive 三者都有“到达之意”arrive后接地点名词作宾语时，其后常跟介词in或at，分别表示到达某个大地方或小地方。其后若是地点副词，则不需要加介词get toget是不及物动词，后接地点名词作宾语时，其后须接介词to，多用于口语中。其后若接地点副词，则不需要加介词reachreach是及物动词，后直接跟宾语，一般不接地点副词 The match will take place at Moonlight Middle School in Moonlight Town.比赛将在月光镇的月光中学举行。解析：take place意为“进行，发生”，为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。如：➢ The meeting took place at 8:00 a. m. Everyone arrived here on time. 会议在早上8点举行的。每个人都准时到了这儿。辨析：take place与happen词条含义用法take place都有“发生”之意常用于已计划、已安排或人们积极参与的事情happen用于偶然发生的事件，也用于由另一件事情引起的事情如：➢ The award ceremony will take place next week.颁奖典礼将于下周举行。➢ Let's go and find out what is happening there.让我们去看看那儿正发生什么事。 Half-time is a 20-minute period for the players to rest.中场休息是给运动员的20分钟的休息时间。解析：rest，动词，意为“休息，歇息”。如：➢ An old man is resting under a big tree.一位老人正在大树下休息。拓展：rest，名词，意为“休息”，have/take a rest 意为“休息一下”。如：➢ --- Let's stop working and have a good rest.让我们停止工作,好好休息一下。--- OK! That's a good idea.   好的!那是个好主意。It's free for groups of 30 or more students.它向30人或以上的学生团体免费(开放)。解析：free，形容词，意为“免费的”。a free film ticket 一张免费的电影票。如：➢ Most food here is free for children.这儿大多数食物对孩子们是免费的。拓展：free形容词，意为“空闲的;自由的”，反义词为busy。如：➢ Tom is free these days.    汤姆这些天有空。 hope希望解析：hope，名词，意为“希望”；hopeful，形容词，意为“充满希望的”; hopeless, 形容词，意为“没有希望的，绝望的”。如：➢ Life is always full of hope.   生活总是充满希望。➢ It is hopeful to pass the exam.  通过考试是有希望的。➢ She was almost hopeless because of the death of her parents.由于她父母的去世，她几乎绝望了。拓展：hope，动词，意为“希望”，常用结构hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”，英语中没有hope sb. to do sth.结构。但可转化成hope加从句的结构。如：➢ I hope to visit Beijing some day.我希望(将来)有一天参观北京。➢ She hopes Tom can help her.她希望汤姆能帮助她。 taste味道；品味解析：taste, 名词，意为“味道；品味”，the taste of sth. 意为“某物的味道”。如：➢ I don't like the taste of beef.  我不喜欢牛肉的味道。➢ Modern art is not to everyone's taste.现代艺术不见得适合每个人的口味。拓展：taste，动词，意为“品尝，尝起来”，为连系动词，后面接形容词作表语； tasty，形容词，意为“美味的,可口的”。如：➢ Finally, the cook tastes the soup to see if it tastes tasty.最终，厨师品尝汤，看看它尝起来是否可口。 My ticket is useless now, but I'll keep it! 我的票现在没有用了，但我会保留它!解析：keep, 动词，意为“留着;不退还”，它是延续性动词，常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：➢ I'll keep the present forever.   我将永远留着这件礼物。➢ How long may I keep the book?   这本书我可以保留多长时间? We are planning a day out on Saturday，16 October.我们正计划在10月16日星期六外出一天。解析：plan a day out，动词短语，意为“计划外出一天”。Plan，动词，意为“计划，打算”。plan sth  计划某事；plan to do sth. 计划去做某事。如：➢ What a good idea it is! Let's plan a day out.多好的主意啊!我们计划外出一天吧。➢ I plan to plant some vegetables in the garden.我打算在花园里种些蔬菜。拓展：plan，名词，意为“计划”如：➢ This is the plan for the trip.   这是旅行的计划。 The cost is about￥50 per student.费用是每个学生大约50元。解析：cost，名词，意为“费用，价钱”。如：➢ The cost of the house is too high for me.对于我来说，这房子的价格太高了。