外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习37 ：选择性必修4 Unit 1　Looking forwards （含解析）

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选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Looking forwards

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

What will our cities be like in 2050? How much will artificial intelligence advance? Some scientists 1. ________ (make) different predictions recently.

Joel Cohen from The Rockefeller University says 2. ________ is likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas, and will have a 3. ________ (significant) higher average age than people today. Cities will be 4. ________ only realistic solution to housing a population that is expected to expand 5. ________ 9.7 billion by 2050.

And the technology will keep 6. ________ (advance) rapidly. According to Bill Mitchell, the late director of MIT Media Lab's Smart Cities research group, cities of the future won't look like “some sort of science­fiction fantasy” or “Star Trek” but virtual reality will change 7. ________ we live. Self­driving cars will make the roads 8. ________ (secure), driving more efficient, and provide faster transport.

Charles Ebinger at the Brookings Institution also thinks that by 2050 we will also have a so­called “smart grid” where all of our 9. ________ (appliance) are linked directly to energy distribution (分布) systems, 10. ________ (allow) for real­time pricing based on supply and demand. Such a technology would greatly benefit most people and reduce fossil fuel energy.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。几位科学家对2050年的城市生活进行了预测。

1. have made　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的 recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为 Some scientists，故填 have made。

2. it　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，says后为宾语从句，宾语从句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，此处应用it作形式主语。

3. significantly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰形容词的比较级 higher，应用副词形式。

4. the　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知， solution为主句的表语，又根据空后的only可知，此处应用定冠词the。

5. to　考查介词。此处表示“到2050年人口预计增加到97亿”，应用介词to。

6. advancing　考查固定用法。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，为固定用法。

7. how　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句作change的宾语，且此处表示“虚拟现实将会改变我们如何生活”，故填how。

8. securer　考查形容词的比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，应用形容词作宾补，且根据空后的“driving more efficient, and provide faster transport”可知，此处应用比较级。

9. appliances　考查名词的单复数。appliance为可数名词，根据空前的all of 和空后的are可知，此处应用名词复数形式。

10. allowing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词­ing形式作状语。

B

Mobile phones have taken over our modern world. These small computer­like phones can access the Internet, do countless 1. ________ (task) through applications, and of course make calls and send text messages. The major benefit of 2. ________ (have) a mobile phone is that it is easier to express oneself through communication and creativity, to be safe, and to connect to the Internet.

Communicating 3. ________ loved ones, colleagues, friends and more has never been simpler. By allowing instant access to any desired destination across the globe, mobile phones 4. ________ (change) the landscape of communication so far. 5. ________ (global), cell phones are important in day­to­day life. Besides the ease of communication, expressing oneself creatively has also never been so straightforward. With our applications, we can easily draw, take photographs, write, edit, paint, make videos, and more.

Mobile phones are also 6. ________ (fantasy)for keeping us safe. Mobile phones allow us to call for help, aid us in finding our cars and give us the opportunity 7. ________ (employ) GPS to make sure we do not get lost. The more applications you have, the 8. ________ (great) chance you are safe. You might have a flashlight app or 9. ________ emergency call app. They can help you 10. ________ a difficult situation arises a lot.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。手机在我们的生活中非常重要，本文介绍了手机的重要性。

1. tasks　考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，此处的task表示泛指，故用其复数形式，故填tasks。

2. having　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，of是介词，空处填动名词，故填having。

3. with　考查固定搭配。communicate with为固定搭配，意为“与……交流”，符合题意，故填with。

4. have changed　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词，再根据句中的“so far”可知，空处用现在完成时，故填have changed。

5. Globally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰其后的整个句子，globally是global的副词形式，意为“世界上，全球上”，故填Globally。

6. fantastic　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词作表语。fantastic是fantasy的形容词，意为“极好的”，故填fantastic。

7. to employ　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，再根据句意可知，此处用不定式作定语修饰opportunity，故填to employ。

8. greater　考查固定句式。分析句子结构可知，本句采用了固定句式“the＋形容词比较级，the＋形容词比较级”，意为“越……越……”，故填greater。

9. an　考查不定冠词。结合句意可知，此处的emergency call app表示泛指，又因emergency为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。

10. if　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处用从属连词引导状语从句，再根据句意可知，此处表示条件，if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，故填if。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 我们发现私家侦探正在检查窗子上的小圆点。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)

We found the detective checking out the dots on the window.

2. 一看到实习生们一边工作一边聊天，老板就勃然大怒了。(on doing...)

On seeing the trainees chatting while working, the boss burst with anger.

3. 得知结果后，他的妈妈绝望地看着他。(desperation)

Knowing the result, his mother looked at him in desperation．

4. 度过了快乐的少年时代，他决心好好学习以实现他执教一支超群的球队的志向。(分词短语作状语)

Having spent a happy boyhood, he is determined to study hard to achieve his ambition to coach a leading team.

5. 把所有因素都考虑在内，她的表演是令人满意的。(独立主语结构)

All things taken into account, her performance is satisfactory.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Upskilling Is the Future — But It

Must Work for Everyone

Automation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally— but create 133 million new ones.

Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitisation has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesn't take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isn't automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.

In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300，000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero­hours contracts and part­time workers — often low­skilled — will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life­long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation.

According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour­force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co­operation and Development，” which impacts more than just the low­skilled and poorly compensated.

The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development goals.

Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech's biggest challenge. As with globalisation, governments and employers — and us workers — ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.

1. It can be known from Paragraph 2 that ________．

A. recent research has found ways to face automation

B. broad skills are of great significance in changing jobs

C. regional economy can affect the automatability of a job

D. it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder

2. What is the author's attitude towards the current retraining programmes?

A. Supportive.  B. Critical.  C. Skeptical.  D. Sympathetic.

3. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation?

A. Less spending on training.

B. A slowdown of globalisation.

C. Social unrest and instability.

D. An increase in income inequality.

4. The passage is written to ________．

A. argue the urgency of creating new jobs

B. compare globalisation with automation

C. analyse the automatability of certain jobs

D. stress the importance of upskilling workers

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大的挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章还说明了再培训项目存在的问题。

1. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be... to change across divisions.”可知，广泛的技能在换工作时是非常重要的。故选B。

2. C　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that...”可知，在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些签订临时合同的人和兼职人员——往往技能低下——将会错过机会。由此可推知，作者对当下实施的再培训计划持怀疑态度。故选C。

3. D　写作意图题。根据倒数第二段中的“The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, ...”可知，研究表明，1988年至2015年期间，世界各地的收入不平等现象加剧，这也让自动化对全球的影响得到了缓解。由此可推知，作者认为自动化的一个后果是收入不平等加剧。故选D。

4. D　写作意图题。根据文章标题“Upskilling Is the Future — But It Must Work for Everyone(技能提升是未来的趋势，但它必须适用于每个人)”，结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

(2021·齐鲁名校模拟)The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers. Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee,   1   and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans   2   that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and   3   service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all   4   the “Starbucks Experience”．

Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”，   5   coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.

  6   those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab­and­go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first­rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and   7   advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you're part of a family. At work you're part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That's what a Starbucks store has been   8   to creating for its customers — a kind of “third place” where they can   9  ， reflect, read, chat or listen.

The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the   10   from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also   11   original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only colour on the outside surrounded by a circle.

Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of   12  ： the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets,   13   sipping a coffee flavour, which is in line with the “Yapi”， the feeling of experience in the   14   life.

But the   15   of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it's great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.

1. A. people B. managers C. customers D. clients

2. A. accepted B. promised C. ensured D. predicted

3. A. emergency B. environment C. employment D. customer

4. A. consisted of B. benefited from C. contributed to D. headed for

5. A. going beyond B. coming across C. making up D. depending on

6. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of

7. A. general B. reasonable C. legal D. fascinating

8. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required

9. A. negotiate B. perform C. conceal D. escape

10. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy

11. A. creates B. cultivates C. credits D. conveys

12. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience

13. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently

14. A. busy B. easy C. miserable D. energetic

15. A. product B. vision C. essence D. importance

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然星巴克的咖啡很棒，但星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，而在于它的企业文化。

1. A　上文说星巴克将打造品牌个性的理念作为企业文化的一部分，将意义嵌入产品中，从而吸引更多的顾客，由此可知，人是星巴克品牌文化的三个要素之一，故A项正确。

2. C　对咖啡豆的质量和加工过程进行严格控制的目的自然是确保咖啡的最高品质，故C项正确。

3. D　根据常识可知，店员上岗前要进行客户服务方面的培训，customer service表示“客户服务”，故D项正确。

4. C　contribute to“有助于，为……做贡献”。根据常识可知，咖啡店的设计、氛围和浓郁的香气都有助于增强顾客在星巴克的体验感，故C项正确。

5. A　下文说星巴克为您提供的不仅仅是咖啡，由此可知，“星巴克体验”超出了咖啡，为顾客提供独特的体验。故A项正确。

6. C　空后提到了传统咖啡店的服务，因此是星巴克与传统咖啡店的对比，故C项正确。

7. B　根据常识可知，星巴克自然会为顾客提供在家煮一杯好咖啡的合理建议，故B项正确。

8. A　句意：这就是星巴克致力于为顾客创造的一种“第三空间”，在那里他们可以远离(喧嚣)、思考、阅读、聊天或倾听。be committed to表示“致力于”，故A项正确。

9. D　根据空后的“reflect, read, chat or listen”可知，在星巴克创造的“第三空间”里，人们可以远离(喧嚣)，旨在突出星巴克创造的安静环境，故D项正确。

10. B　上文说绿色星巴克标识是一个美人鱼，这个是泰瑞·赫克勒设计的，设计灵感来自木制的海洋雕像，故B项正确。

11. D　根据常识可知，一个品牌的标识自然会传达某种含义，故D项正确。

12. D　根据冒号后的内容可知此处指“体验元素”，故D项正确。

13. B　根据常识可知，刚煮好的咖啡是非常热的，要一小口一小口轻轻地啜着喝，故B项正确。

14. A　根据上文说的拥挤的街道可知，平时的生活节奏是很快的，因此此处指的是“忙碌的生活”，故A项正确。

15. C　空后说咖啡只是一种载体，咖啡消费在很大程度上是一种情感和文化层面的消费，因此此处是说星巴克的精髓不在于咖啡，而在于它的文化，故C项正确。