(人教版)高考英语一轮复习课时学案 第1部分 教材解读 必修第一册 Unit 5　Languages Around the World (含解析)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．billion n．十亿

2．bone n．骨头；骨(质)

3．shell n．壳；壳状物

4．carve vt.& vi.雕刻

5．dynasty n．王朝；朝代

6．dialect n．地方话；方言

7．tongue n．舌头；语言

8．semester n．学期

9．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油

10．pants n．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE)裤子

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．native adj.本地的 n．本地人

2．attitude n．态度；看法

3．system n．体系；制度；系统

4．despite prep.即使；尽管

5．factor n．因素；要素

6．symbol n．符号；象征

7．means n．方式；方法；途径

8．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著

9．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待

10．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点

11．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术

12．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系

13．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

14．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁

15．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房

16．gap n．间隔；开口；差距

17．vocabulary n．词汇

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于

2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的

3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的

4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数

5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪

6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的

7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地

8．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐

9．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等

10．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的

11．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述

12．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系

1．appeal v．对……有吸引力；将……上诉；呼吁

2．appetite n．食欲；嗜好

3．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近 n．方法

4．appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的

5．approve vt.批准；通过 vi.赞成

6．approximately adv.大约

7．arbitrary adj.任意的；武断的

8．assess vt.评定；估价

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅

2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱

3．date back (to...)追溯到

4．point of view观点；看法

5．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到

6．be known for因为……而著名

7．at the beginning起初

8．lead to导致

9．play a role in在……中发挥作用

10．have trouble with在……方面有困难

11．get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事

12．depend on依靠，依赖

Ⅴ.悟经典句式

1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(why引导的定语从句)

这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素是汉字的书写体系。

2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(where引导的定语从句)

秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。

3．That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(be of＋抽象名词)

那种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。

4．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(“no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句)

即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

5．Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句)

汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。

6．As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(as引导的时间状语从句)

随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

When 1.referring to English，we know English is widely used in global affairs.No matter what kind of English people are speaking，native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like “gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants”，“semester” and other words 2.despite the small differences in vocabulary.But students whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words.On the other hand，from foreigners’ points of view，Chinese is regarded as a 3.demanding language.Firstly，the major language which is called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn，let alone 4.varieties of dialects.Secondly，Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them.The writing system,5.dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with 6.specific meanings on bones or shells，is like strange pictures.However，based on the common 7.appreciation of these characters，some classic works are still read now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient times.Besides，calligraphy is also an art form closely 8.related to Chinese culture.I beg all the people hold a positive attitude to both languages，which are of equal importance.To bridge the gap between cultures，by no means should we give up learning them well.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于(reference n．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目)

(1)He referred to the system that was related to the welfare of billions of people at the conference.

(2)They always refer to me as a bookworm because I am always addicted to a variety of books.

(3)我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)

I am writing to ask for your advice in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most.

(4)如果你遇到了不认识的字，我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。(应用文写作之建议信)

If you meet with the characters you don’t know，I strongly suggest that you (should) refer to reference books or turn to others for help.

base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据(basic adj.基本的；基础的 basis n．基础)

(1)On the basis(base) of what you show，I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.

(2)队员们需要每天放学后接受训练，他们也有机会定期观摩乒乓球赛。

Team members need to receive training after school every day and they are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis.

(3)我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗，你应该先让长者用餐。(应用文写作之告知信)

I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.Based on traditional Chinese customs，you should let the elderly eat first.

major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修，专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生(majority n．大部分；大多数)

(1)Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters，I will major in calligraphy at university in the future.

(2)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)

Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.

(3)为我投票的人占大多数，因此我被选为学生会主席。

Those who have voted for me are in the/a majority，so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association.

means n．方法；方式；途径

(1)Watching films was regarded as a means of entertainment when we were young.

(2)Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.

(3)Every means has been tried(try) so far，but we still can’t solve the problem.

(4)没有Paul的好心帮忙，Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。

①Mac could by no means scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.

②By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(用倒装句改写)

appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值(appreciation n．欣赏；感激)

(1)如果您能尽早回复我，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之结尾句)

①I would really appreciate your replying to me at your earliest convenience.(appreciate one’s doing)

②I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.(appreciate it if...)

(2)我写信表达我对你的感激之情，感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我所做的一切。(应用文写作之感谢信)

I’m writing to express my appreciation for what you have done for me during my stay in London.

equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，等于；比得上 (equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地)

(1)From my point of view，Michael Jordan is without equal in playing basketball.

(2)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)

Firstly，nobody can equal me in oral English.Equally important is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.

demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.要求高的)

(1)Nowadays science graduates are in greater demand because advanced science has created more demanding(demand) jobs.

(2)我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。

I demanded to take a horse ride in the mountains.To meet/satisfy my demands，my uncle demanded that my father and I (should) keep to the track in case we could get lost.

date back (to...)(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)

中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。(话题写作之传统文化)

(1)Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history which/that can date back to/date from more than 1,000 years ago.(定语从句)

(2)Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history dating back to/dating from more than 1,000 years ago.(现在分词短语作定语)

用法点拨　date back (to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。

be of＋抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。

(1)在我看来，保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)

From my point of view，keeping the balance between online learning and our life is of great importance/significance.

(2)你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。

The advice you gave us proved to be of great value，without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams.

(3)根据上面的表格，12%的学生认为浏览英语学习网站对他们的英语学习非常有益。

(2022·全国乙，书面表达)

Based on the above chart,12% of the students suppose that visiting English learning websites is of great benefit to their English studies.

(4)当得知手术对那位老人没用时，我感到喉咙哽塞，泪水湿润了眼眶。

When learning that the operation was of no use to the old man，I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.

  “no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句 Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

(1)无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。

Whenever/No matter when you need help，I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.

(2)无论我多么忙，每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语，并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。

However/No matter how busy I am，I will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.

(3)任何人触犯法律都会受到惩罚。

Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

(4)无论我遇到什么困难，我都会尽我所能以克服它们。

Whatever/No matter what difficulties I come across，I will do whatever I can to overcome them.

1．All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and course management system.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)

所有的作业将在指定的日期前通过我们的在线学习和课程管理系统Blackboard提交。

2．Orange trees are more than decoration；they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.

(2020·全国Ⅱ)

橘子树不仅仅是装饰物，它们还是好运和财富的象征。

3．Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing，kindness，openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.(2019·全国Ⅰ)

普林斯坦博士还发现，那些使得身边的人想要和你一起玩耍的品质——分享、善良、开放——会延续到以后的岁月里，使你更好地与他人相处和联系。

4．More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.(2019·江苏)

为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。

5．I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.(2019·天津6月)

我正在谈论的是已经停止学习成长的人，因为他们采用了过去几年经常出现的固定态度和观点。

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．refer to

(1)Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？  C 

(2)The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.  B 

(3)The word “business” also refers to an organization that offers goods and services.  A 

2．character

(1)As we all know，Chinese characters are quite difficult to memorize.  D 

(2)Tom Cruise is a leading character in this film.  C 

(3)She has a cheerful but quiet character.  A 

(4)The city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the character of the old town.  B 

(5)Sports can be good for character building.  E 

3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)Our cars are the equals of those produced anywhere in the world.相等物

(2)Until then did I fully appreciate what my parents had done for me.理解；明白

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．The discovery of the new drug is of importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.

2．Human beings are regarded(regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.

3．The tsunami referred(refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people，shocking the rest of the country.

4．The novel which was popular with readers was based on an earthquake which struck Wenchuan in 2008.

5．The tower dating(date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood.

6．There is no denying that human beings have suffered a lot on account of varieties(variety) of disasters.

7．Fortunately，they survived the fire by means of breathing through a wet towel.

8．All the students demand to supply(supply) themselves with more novels.

9．All in all，I would appreciate it if you could supply us with timely and generous help.

10．It is widely acknowledged that wisdom and efforts are equally(equal) important for success.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

(2022·天津3月，书面表达)——英语口语社招募新成员

1．正如你从短视频中看到的，英语口语社的成员通过参加各种各样的活动已经能说流利的英语了。(by means of)

As you can see from the short video，members of the Spoken English Club have become fluent in English by means of taking part in various activities.

2．成员会定期聚集在一起在我们的外教的指导下参加英语角。(on a regular basis)

Members will gather together on a regular basis to participate in the English Corner under the guidance/instruction of our foreign teachers.

3．现在，我们的外教要求我们欣赏一部英文电影并为之配音(dub)，这是我最喜欢的部分。(demand that...)

Now，our foreign teachers demand that we (should) appreciate an English film and dub it，which is my favorite part.

4．总之，英语口语社对它的成员非常有益。(be of＋抽象名词)

All in all，the Spoken English Club is of great benefit to its members.

5．无论谁对英语口语感兴趣都可以加入我们。(whoever)

Whoever is interested in oral English，he/she can join us.或Whoever is interested in oral English can join us.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会

description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述

beyond description难以描述

2．动作描写

beg vt.恳求；祈求

regard vt.把……视为；看待

struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。

Mac正沿着山路骑行，这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。他的恐惧无以言表。他乞求路过的司机帮助他，但是徒劳无果。因此，他毫不犹豫地从自行车上下来，抓住自行车，用尽全力把自行车扔向狼，尽力把狼吓走。他正要成为狼的盘中餐时，他的朋友加入了他。当他向朋友描述这件恐怖的事情时，他仍然感到毛骨悚然。

Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him，opening its bloody mouth.His fear was beyond description.He begged passing drivers to help him，but in vain.So he got off his bike without hesitation，seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength，struggling to frighten the wolf away.He was about to become the food of the wolf when his friends joined him.When he referred the horrible thing to his friends，he still felt as if his hair had stood on end.