江苏省沛县中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次月考模拟英语试题（含答案）

2023-2024学年度高三上学期第一次月考模拟试题

英语

考试时间：90分钟满分：120分

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney’s harbor, city, bay and beach highlights.

A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbor cruises (游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.

Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, tasting the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.

SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7-calendar-day period. With a 3 or 5-day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid  for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.

SydneyPass Fares

*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.

**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.

1．A SydneyPass doesn’t offer unlimited rides on ________.

A．the Explorer Buses B．the harbor cruises

C．regular Sydney Buses D．CityRail services

2．With a SydneyPass, a traveller can ________.

A．save fares from and to the airport

B．take the Sydney Explorer to beaches

C．enjoy the famous seafood for free

D．reserve seats easily in a restaurant

3．If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?

A．$225. B．$300. C．$360. D．$420.

B

On any given day Damon Carson will deal with lots of inquiries from large companies looking to unload massive amounts of stuff that would otherwise go to the landfill (废物填埋场). For example, twenty-eight plastic boxes from a store were just waiting for him to repurpose them. And a recreation company wanted to know if Carson was interested in 360 kilograms of blue ropes

“They don’t want to just throw it away,” he explains. “Nor should they. Because it has value. ”The question of what value, and to whom, is what occupies Carson’s days.

For nearly a decade, his company, Repurposed Materials, has been devoted to this. He’s not looking to recycle the stuff he gets—breaking it down to make something new—but rather finding new homes for abandoned goods in their original forms.

In the late 1990s, Carson was on break from business school, when he discovered the profitable world of waste. He and a friend started a small business near construction sites. Working in construction, Carson had become familiar with an almost-everyday phenomenon: “You’d open up one of these big construction dumpster (大垃圾箱) and stuff would start falling out,” he says. He would find perfectly good wood, or a window still wrapped in plastic from the factory. “You can’t wrap your mind around how wasteful America is until you run a waste company,” he says

There is a solid environmental case for repurposing, or upcycling. “When people call, I say we don’t chip, grind, melt.” “Carson notes. Recycling, however noble, still takes energy. “Why melt something down, if it still has value?” he asks. An old oil-field pipe might be melted down and turned into a car bumper, but it still takes a fair amount of power to finish the transformation. Why not put it straight up and turn it into a fence post on a farm? The only cost is transport.

Carson recently opened two new warehouses (仓库), bringing the total to six. “Corporations(企业) are,” he says, “becoming increasingly focused on sustainability, so we’re upping (使升级) our capabilities. You never know when the next 20,000-kilogram spool of 10-centimeter-thick rope might come along, or where it might go.”

4．What does Carson’s company Repurposed Materials do?

A．It helps large companies bury waste.

B．It warns people against throwing away waste.

C．It brings new lives to abandoned stuff.

D．It changes the original form of abandoned stuff.

5．What advantage does upcycling have over recycling according to Carson?

A．It is more logical B．It is more systematic

C．It is more formal D．It is more energy-saving

6．What caused Carson to consider upping his company’s capabilities?

A．Current trend of using heavier ropes.

B．Fast development of his warehouses.

C．Natural process of treating waste materials.

D．Increasing environmental concerns of corporations.

7．Which of the following best describes Carson?

A．Generous and hard-working B．Intelligent and humorous

C．Devoted and forward-looking D．Independent and responsible

C

PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They’re called forever chemicals because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common compounds, researchers have degraded (降解) the chemical in the lab.

While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS, most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure — in some cases over 22 mega-pascals — or extremely high temperatures — sometimes upwards of 1,000℃ — to break the chemical bonds.

William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab; sodium hydroxide (氢氧化钠), also known as lye, and a solvent (溶剂) called DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.

When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120℃ and with no extra pressure needed, the carbolic acid (羧酸) fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide. “What happened next was unexpected, ” Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions (氟离子) and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.

“It’s a neat method; it’s different from others that have been tried,” says Chris Sales, an environmental engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study. “The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,” Sales said.

This process wouldn’t work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.

8．What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS?

A．They’re eco-friendly. B．They’ve been widely used.

C．They’re difficult to operate. D．They’re regarded as useless.

9．What did the team do in their experiment?

A．They experimented with different solvents.

B．They tried two very common substances.

C．They tested every group of forever chemicals,

D．They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.

10．What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment?

A．Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.

B．The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.

C．No extra pressure was needed for the trial.

D．The lye and DMSO could work at 120℃,

11．What can we infer from Chris Sales’ words?

A．It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.

B．This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.

C．The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.

D．More research is needed before the method is widely used.

D

Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient(短期的)investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”.

In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities(股票), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露)of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.

12．One reason for imposing the new rule is the regulations _________.

A．enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

B．help corporations achieve larger profits

C．build a new system of financial regulation

D．guarantee the bonuses of top executives

13．What can be learned about “Short-termism” from the passage?

A．Children always pursue short-term profits by eating strawberries first.

B．The influence of it on the companies can be negative in the long run.

C．It will bring high profits for the company, thus keeping its customers.

D．Digital technology acts as a dominant contributor to its worsening.

14．The US and France examples in paragraph 5 and 6 are used to illustrate ________.

A．the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”

B．the significance of long-term thinking

C．the approaches to promoting “long-termism”

D．the popularity of short-term thinking

15．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B．Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C．Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D．Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Being highly critical or talking down to yourself are examples of self-criticism that highlight your own weaknesses. You may feel you don’t meet your own personal standards or expectations. Fortunately, you can improve this pattern of self-criticism by changing your thought patterns and practicing positive affirmations (情感上的支持或鼓励).

●What is self-criticism?

Self-criticism is the act of thinking negatively about yourself. Individuals with self-critical tendencies face self-created problems due to their tough standards and internalized social values for self-evaluation.     16     For some individuals, self-criticism can have a negative effect on day-to-day mood and may be a factor for depression and other forms of mental illness.

● Can self-criticism be good?

    17     If people use personal criticism in a way that’s useful to complete tasks and achieve goals, it can be beneficial. They can use it as a way to examine their decisions and behaviors and evaluate whether they need to make any changes.

●     18   

People with avoidant (回避反应的) attachment styles avoid closeness. This may prevent them from developing relationships for how to show compassion (同情) for themselves and others. Self-criticism is also likely to arise from shame, insecure attachments, and having low self-esteem.

● Examples of self-Criticism

When individuals engage in negative self-assessment, they create an inner dialogue that uses demeaning (贬低的) and demotivating language.     19     They may say, “I am easily disappointed with myself.” “I can’t accept failures and setbacks without feeling inadequate,” and “I stop caring about myself.”

● How can self-criticism be overcome?

To overcome self-criticism, it’s helpful to be honest with yourself about the role you play. You can start to identify how your self-criticism impacts your mood and daily routine.     20   

A．Self-criticism isn’t always bad.

B．Where does self-criticism come from?

C．If so, please step outside your comfort zone.

D．Self-criticism is associated with little progress.

E．It’s also important to seek professional help as needed.

F．Examples of self-criticism include phrases and negative self-talk.

G．As a result, they’re unsure of their thoughts, feelings, and emotions.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely  21   to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of   22  teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their    23   the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.

The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather   24  , and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security.   25  curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence   26  this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive    27 were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).

On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,  28   their freedom. This opinion is   29   supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States.    30   , there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can   31   committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.

What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain   32   may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as    33   . Considering this,parents should    34   the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would    35   both sides.

21．A．opposed B．subjected C．related D．restricted

22．A．improving B．restoring C．ensuring D．expanding

23．A．principle B．reference C．approach D．efficiency

24．A．popular B．absent C．practical D．accessible

25．A．Typical B．Evident C．Critical D．Specific

26．A．in place of B．in honor of C．in case of D．in favor of

27．A．results B．events C．patterns D．links

28．A．protecting B．acknowledging C．limiting D．liberating

29．A．officially B．logically C．particularly D．physically

30．A．By contrast B．In addition C．In conclusion D．In general

31．A．take charge of B．contribute to C．result from D．deal with

32．A．rules B．charges C．crimes D．relations

33．A．impolite B．unrealistic C．inadequate D．unfair

34．A．adopt B．allow C．avoid D．address

35．A．satisfy B．spare C．surround D．settle

第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The animated film Chang An is making history as a dark horse during China’s bustling summer movie-going season by     36     (take) in as much as 600 million yuan at the Chinese mainland box office and exciting the feelings of poetic romance in the hearts of moviegoers.

Sitting in the cinemas crowded     37     moviegoers of all age groups, the audience eagerly recited poetry alongside the main characters on screen as they headed down memory lane with a famous poet from the Tang Dynasty (618-907).

The story of the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the master of romantic poetry Li Bai     38     (offer) a glimpse into the star-studded history of the Tang era,     39     is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to     40     (it) economic prosperity and cultural integration and advancement.

As the unique charm and soul of the movie, 48 Tang poems help audiences travel from the     41     (sand) desert frontier to the mist-filled regions south of the Yangtze River. The movie is     42     (undoubted) a masterpiece showing the characteristics of Chinese culture to the world. These poems describe both the historical changes of a dynasty     43     people’ understanding and perception of the world. While older moviegoers may be familiar with the poems     44     (describe) in the movie, younger audiences get to enter a new and unique world through the movie, re-discovering and appreciating the essence and charm of Chinese culture.

The success of Chang An lies not only in its artistic expression, but also in its      45      (create) way of respecting and inheriting traditional culture.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节应用文（满分15分）

假定你是学校英语周刊的记者，学校在上周五举办了一年一度的艺术节，请你根据艺术节期间的所见所闻所想，写一篇英语新闻报道，内容包括：

1. 本次艺术节的基本信息；

2. 介绍其中一个令人印象深刻的节目（可以从主题、表现形式、意义等方面着手）；

3. 对艺术节的评价。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可适当增加细节使得行文连贯；

3. 文中不得出现真实班名、人名.

An annual art festival, attended by all the teachers and students, was held in our school last Friday. ___________________________________________________________________________

第二节读后续写（满分25分）

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

In old times, there was a story about a young athletic boy hungry for success, for whom winning was everything.

One day, the boy was preparing himself for a running competition in his small native village. He and two other young boys were to compete. A large crowd had gathered to witness the competition and a wise old man, upon hearing of the little boy, had traveled far to see it too.

The race started. The boy showed his determination, strength and power and he was first. The crowd cheered and waved at the boy. The wise man remained still and calm. The little boy, however, felt proud and important.

A second race was called, and two new young challengers came forward to run with the little boy. The little boy finished first once again. The crowd again cheered and waved at the boy. The wise man expressed no opinion. The little boy, however, felt proud and important.

“Another race, another race!” shouted the little boy. The wise old man stepped forward and presented the little boy with two new challengers, a frail old lady and a blind man. “What is this?” asked the little boy. “Race!” said the wise man. The race was started and the boy was the only finisher. The little boy raised his arms in delight. The crowd, however, was silent showing no happiness. “What has happened? Why don’t they join in my success?” he asked the wise old man. “Race again, ” replied the wise man. “This time, all three of you, finish together,” continued the wise man.

注意:1、所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；

2、续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

Paragraph1:

The little boy thought a little,

Paragraph2:

“Old man, I don’t understand! Who are the crowd cheering for? Which one of us?” asked the little boy.