+江苏省南京市第一中学2023-2024学年高二9月月考英语试卷

                    全卷满分：150分   考试时间：120分钟            2023.09

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）（略）

第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。

A

London and Paris are two of Europe’s biggest tourist destinations, just a few hours away from each other by road or rail and an hour’s distance by air. What about the train-ferry combination that many recall fondly from their childhoods? Well, though it’s budget-saving, this option is too time-consuming today, so better leave it to your memories. Since the UK is not part of the Schengen Area, passengers need to go through passport control prior to boarding.

Air trips:

Though flying between London and Paris is by no means recommended, there are still a few people traveling between the two dynamic cities by air. A very low one-way fare is possible through advanced booking, but of course it’s rare, and that doesn’t include the taxi and rail fares traveling to and from the airports.

        One-way fares from Paris can be as low as €49;

        From London, Air France flies with fares as low as £39 (€46), and British Airways as low as £48 (€56).

Rail trips:

The only direct train between London and Paris is the Eurostar, which travels 15-17 times per weekday. Eurostar’s 2015 edition trains can make the journey in two hours at speeds of up to 320 km/h. Besides, they offer good seating space.

        Fares begin at a reasonable £58 (€68), round trip;

        The earlier you book, the more you save.

Bus trips:

The bus is by far the least expensive and longest way to travel between Paris and London. Eurolines and OUIBUS are two major bus lines traveling between the two capitals. The journey takes between seven and nine hours. Both lines advertise free Wi-Fi.

        One-way Eurolines fares begin at €15;

        One-way QUIBUS fares begin at €15 too, but early bird sales can even lower the fare.

21. Which way is probably the most expensive for a round trip?

A. By train-ferry.   B. By air.   C. By rail.  D. By bus. 

22. What special service does the bus trip provide?

A. Passport free boarding. B. Taxi pickup.  C. Good seating space.  D. Free Wi-Fi.

23. What do the trips have in common with each other?

A. They are cheaper if booked ahead of time.

B. There are different competing companies.

C. They are more expensive from the Paris end.

D. There are still additional fees to be included.

B

Finding a suitable name for a baby is a big deal in China. When picking out a Chinese name, parents usually select two or three characters that have a carefully thought out meaning, but when deciding on an English name, many of them struggle. That’s where Jessup and her company, Special Name, come in. In the last few years, Jessup has helped name 677,900 Chinese babies, and earned over $400,00 in the process, more than enough to pay her college fees.

Jessup came up with the idea for Special Name in 2015, after accompanying her father on a business trip to China. One of her dad’s business partners, a Mrs. Wang, asked her to help choose an English name for her daughter. Jessup felt honored and quickly realized the importance of choosing a proper name in Chinese culture. The woman wanted people to be surprised by the things her daughter could achieve, so Jessup suggested the name “Eliza” after the character Eliza Doolittle from the play Pygmalion. Mrs. Wang seemed delighted with Jessup’s choice. “If Mrs. Wang needed this service, maybe other parents would as well,” Jessup thought.

After returning to UK, Jessup borrowed £1500 from her parents and paid a web designer to build a website. She then spent her free time filling up a database with around 4,000 English names associating them with five major personality characteristics, like honesty and optimism.

In the beginning, Jessup offered the service for free to promote the website, but later, she started charging fees. The business is almost completely self-sufficient, requiring only a small team in China that manages technical operations. She updates the database each month, allowing her to focus full-time on studies.

24. What’s the purpose of Special Name?

1. To help Chinese teens go abroad. 
2. To strengthen children’s personalities. 
3. To pick an English name for a Chinese baby.
4. To make a deal with Chinese parents.

25. What inspired Jessup to set up Special Name?

A. A suggestion from a business partner.    B. Her interest in Chinese culture.

C. A Chinese mother’s request.     D. A character from a play. 

26. What did Mrs. Wang want her daughter to be in the future?

A. A woman with achievements     B. A famous actress. 

C. A successful businesswoman.     D. A western culture expert. 

27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about Special Name?

A. It offers free service.       B. It’s updated every day. 

C. It’s operated completely by itself.    D. It is easy to manage. 

C

Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area. Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can cause very deadly results. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.

The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.

The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.

The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.

The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.

28. Why was the system developed?

A. To keep track of lightning deaths. 

B. To meet people’s curiosity about lightning. 

C. To protect people from lightning strikes.

D. To take advantage of the energy of lightning. 

29. What is special about the system?

A. It collects data samples from around the world.

B. It involves the use of a machine learning algorithm.

C. It was test-run several times before being put into use.

D. Its success owes greatly to a European effort.

30. What will the researchers do in the next stage?

A. Prevent the formation of lightning.  B. Get lightning striking under control. 

C. Inspire the study of a laser technology. D. Raise the accuracy of lightning prediction.

31. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. A system of Controlling Lightning  B. A Theory of Employing Lightning

C. A Method of Forecasting Lightning  D. A Model of Creating Lightning

D

To many people, honey bees symbolise wealth, sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.

For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to “save the bees”, raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens-myself once included-to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.

“Beckeeping is for people; it’s not a conservation practice,” says Shelly Smith, an environmental science professor. “People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That’s wrong.”

Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people’s attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist’s point of view, native bees are the ones in more need of support.

“To make matters worse, beekeeping companies and various non-science-based projects have financially benefitted from the decline of native bee populations,” Smith explains. “These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations.”

The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food, putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition-that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.

32. Which statement does the writer argue for?

1. Honey bees endanger native bees. 
2. Honey bees are a symbol of wealth. 
3. Honey bees are important for agriculture. 
4. Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems 

33. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

1. Beekeeping is still a popular traditional hobby.
2. The media is responsible for misleading the public.
3. Citizens attempts’ to protect the environment are effective.
4. The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses.

34. What surprised Shelly Smith’s team?

A. Beekeeping companies’ making great profits. 

B. The quick expansion of bee-friendly habitats. 

C. The public’s ignorance of bee varieties and roles. 

D. Insufficient attention given to saving honey bees. 

35. How does the writer develop the last paragraph?

A. By listing examples.     B. By making comparisons 

C. By analysing survey data.   D. By explaining cause and effect. 

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

What is the difference between happy people and unhappy people? ____36____ Read the following list of things that HAPPY people do differently from UNHAPPY people and you will know.

Well, I can tell you for sure that those people who are really happy, FEAR less and LOVE a lot more. They see each moment each challenge, each person as an opportunity to discover more about themselves and the world around them. ____37____

Happy people understand that you can’t really change a situation by resisting (反抗) it. But they can feel better by understanding that there might be a reason for its existence (存在). ____38____ But rather, they ask themselves questions like: What can I learn from this? How can I make this better? They always seem to be pleasant and hopeful no matter what happens to them.

They do the things they do because of the meaning it brings into their lives and because they get a sense of purpose by doing so. ____39___ They care more about living a life full of meaning rather than, what in our modern society we would call, living a successful life. The fact here is that most of the time they get both, success and meaning just because they choose to focus on doing the things they love the most.

____40___ They make sure that their actions bring meaning and happiness in the lives of many. They look for ways to give and to share the best of themselves with the world and to make other people happy.

1. They have an ideal living and a balanced life.
2. What are the things that these people do differently?
3. They are kind to themselves and others and they understand the power of love.
4. The things happy people do are not for themselves, but for the good of others.
5. They are ready to embrace whatever lies in front of them.
6. They understand that “Doing what you love is the most important for living a full life”.
7. When something unpleasant happens to them, they don’t try to fight it, knowing that this  will make the situation even worse.

第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

When our three kids were young, we had days that went on for lifetimes. As I watched my husband Craig leave every morning, I felt ___41___ to have so much time alone with my babies. When Craig ___42___ each evening, he would smile and ask, “So! How was your day?”             

This question showed the ___43___ between his experience of a “day” and mine. How was my day? I ___44___ Craig as the kids screamed loudly around. Then I looked down at my dirty T-shirt and the toys littering the floor.

I wanted to say, “Today has been a ___45___. There were moments when I was so fed up with the mess that I thought I might ___46___. I was both lonely and ___47___ to be alone.” But busy with so much housework, I was too tired to ___48___. So I just said, “Fine.” But I felt sad because ___49___ is about being seen and known.

So we decided to ___50___ help. We learned from the counselor (咨询师) that love is ___51___ and we shouldn’t ask the same empty questions like: “How was your day?” ___52___, we can ask questions like: When did you feel loved or lonely today? A ___53___ question is a key that will unlock a room inside the person you love.

Questions are like gifts. It’s the ___54___ behind them that the receiver feels. The more ___55___ you give to your questions, the more beautiful the answers become.

41. A. relaxed   B. scared    C. excited   D. surprised 

42. A. called   B. awoke    C. returned   D. withdrew 

43. A. combination  B. gap     C. wrestle     D. link

44. A. stared at  B. broke with   C. lied to    D. drove away

45. A. miracle   B. flash    C. lifetime   D. discovery 

46. A. jump   B. regret    C. hesitate   D. explode  

47. A. optimistic  B. desperate   C. secure    D. thankful 

48. A. move   B. listen    C. quarrel    D. answer

49. A. love   B. respect    C. trust    D. help

50. A. offer   B. receive    C. refuse    D. seek

51. A. specific    B. precious    C. fundamental    D. plain

52. A. However  B. Instead   C. Consequently  D. Besides

53. A. caring   B. curious   C. pointed   D. direct 

54. A. secret   B. response   C. thought   D. inspiration 

55. A. clues   B. explanations  C. support   D. attention 

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

We all know that forgiving yourself and others can bring you peace of mind. Recently, a new study published in the journal Psychology and Health (56)____________(find) that forgiveness may help you sleep well, too. Researchers led by Luther College psychology professor Loren Toussaint (57)____________(survey) nearly 1,500 American adults to rate (评估) how likely they were to forgive both themselves for their own mistakes and others for hurting them. Then, Toussaint and his team asked the participants quite a few (58)____________(question) over their sleep quality, life (59)____________(satisfy), and overall physical health. Their findings show that people who were forgiving slept much (60)____________(well) at night, and, in turn, were happier and healthier than (61)____________ who went to bed in anger.             

The results led the researchers (62)____________(conclude) that forgiveness of others and self-forgiveness may help create a restful mental state that supports sound sleep, (63)____________ is connected with better health. Of course, forgiving yourself or someone else isn’t always easy. According to Karen Swartz, a doctor of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, it is about more than just saying the words.

“It is an active process in which you make a decision to let go of negative feelings (64)____________ the person deserves it or not,” Swartz explains.

So, next time you can’t sleep at night, why not give forgiveness (65)____________ try? It’s certain that it can make you feel better the next day.

第三节  单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

66. The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of c____________.

67. We are c____________ to the project heart and soul. We wouldn’t be here otherwise.

68. Many things left by the ancient Egyptians in tombs ave been brought to l____________.

69. The local peasants are worried about, the a____________(准确) of government statistics.

70. The factor that d____________ (to be a characteristic that makes something or someone different or special) this company from the competition is customer service.

71. They e____________ (to experience something especially problems) serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured.

72. We need to f____________ ourselves with the new environment when we move to a new place.

73. If you don’t work hard now, you will have difficulty e____________ yourself to a pension after retirement.

74. He is to b____________ for the accident because he drove on the wrong way.

75. In judging the delay, we must make a____________ for the extremely bad weather.

第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节  应用文写作（满分15分）

你校上周举办了帮助贫困地区留守儿童的云义卖 ( online charity sale) 活动，请你为学校英文校报写一篇活动报道，内容包括：

1. 活动目的；

2. 活动过程：网上展示和销售闲置物品等；

3. 活动意义和参与者感受。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节  （满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Birthdays are typically the occasions for delight and feasting. Family and friends get together on the occasion and convey their regards with the beautiful presents they bring with themselves. I am personally a big fan of birthdays and wait for my birthday approximately a month prior to the day.

This year, my birthday came off on last Monday. I didn’t know that my parents had arranged a special party for me. At eight o’clock in the evening of my lucky birthday, I was alone at home complaining and frowning, and pitying myself for my misfortune. I thought it was going to be a special day filled with presents and fun, but all I received was a “Happy Birthday”.

All of a sudden, the electricity was cut off and there was a complete darkness in the house. I couldn’t do anything. Therefore, I decided to go to sleep and end this unlucky day.

Out of the blue in that quiet night, I heard a sudden noise coming from downstairs. Startled and terribly shocked, I suspected that someone broke into the house. Immediately, I tried to phone my parents, but no one answered.

After a couple of minutes of fear, I started to calm down. Although in the meantime I heard more noises of people talking, I summoned up some courage and started heading for the basement. As I slowly drew closer to the basement, I guessed there were more than one person, but I found it hard to believe. There couldn’t be a lot of people in our basement!

Courageously, I opened the door of the basement. There was a complete darkness. There wasn’t a single noise. However, as I approached, I heard some laughter and confirmed that there were people. Suddenly, the lights were on and there stood my parents and friends cheering at me with the beautiful presents they had carefully prepared for me.It was a surprise party! The room was beautifully decorated with colorful balloons. Tables and chairs were laid and covered with white and contrasting red sheets. A gigantic birthday cake was positioned on the innermost table.

注意:

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1: Now everything was ready and the party was set in motion. ________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2: The party was over and the guests began to head off. _____________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

第一部分：听力（略）

第二部分：阅读

第一节：21~23 BDA  24~27 CCAD  28~31 CBBC  32~35 ABCD

第二节：36~40 BEGFD

第三部分：

第一节：41~45 BCABC 46~50 DBDAD 51~55 ABACD

第二节：

56. has found  57. surveyed  58. questions  59. satisfaction 60. better

61. those   62. to conclude 63. which  64. whether  65. a

第三节：

66. curiosity  67. committed 68. light   69. accuracy  70. distinguishes

71. encounters 72. fit   73. entitling  74. blame  75. allowance

第四部分：写作（略）