2024年中考英语语法精讲:常考副词考点分析
展开2024年中考英语语法精讲:常考副词考点分析
学习疑问副词必须掌握的三个要点
1.疑问副词的用法特点
疑问副词有when,where,why, how 等,用于引出特殊疑问句。如:
Where did you hide the can opener? 你把开罐器藏哪儿了?
When did the world come into being? 世界是何时开始存在的?
Why did you choose that one in particular? 你为什么特别挑选了那一个?
How did you get to be captain? 你是怎样当上船长的?
2.两类易混句型的区别
请看以下两句:
Where do you think he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了?
Do you know when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗?
上面第-句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成D you think where he has gone? When do you know he will come其又别是:可以用yes 或 n0 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑河词放在句中,即句之后),适合这类向型的主句动词通常know.hear ask.tel等;不能用yes 或 0 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think,suppose, guess 等。(参见“疑问代词”的有关内容)
3.使用疑问副词的注意点
(1)疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句,通常位于句首,但有时也不一定:
Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样?
(2)疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时,其后应接一般疑问句,但有时可有所省略:
Why argue with him?为什么要与跟他争吵?Why not ask the teacher? / Why don't you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢?注:Why 或Why not后接动词原形,不接带to不定式,主要用于现在或将来,不用于过去,如不说 why not tel me yesterday!应改为Why didn't you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)
(3)有时两个疑问副词连用:
When and where were you born? 你牛于何时何地?
程度副词very, much, very much的用法区别
三者均可表示“很”、“非常”,区别如下:
1. very 主要修饰形容词或副词。如:
The dictionary is very useful. 这本词典很有用。
He drove very fast. 他的车开得很快。
注:修饰副词 too,要用 much。如:
It is much too expensive. 这太贵了。
2. much 主要修饰动词。如:
She doesn’t like him much. 她不太喜欢他。
Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗?
注意:much 修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句 (见上例),而不能用于肯定陈述句,除非其前有 very, too, so 等之类的修饰语。如:
误:He likes the film much.
正:He likes the film very much. 他很喜欢这部电影。
单个的 much (即没有修饰语)有时也可能在肯定句修饰动词,但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer, appreciate 等少数动词,且此时的 much 应置于句中,而不是句末。如:
We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。
3. much 除修饰动词外,还可修饰比较级和最高级以及介词短语等。如:
He is much better today. 他今天好多了。
This is much the most difficult. 这是最最困难的。
Much to my surprise, he was a thief. 使我大为吃惊的是,他是个贼。
注:very 有时也可修饰最高级 (注意在句中的位置)。如:
This is the very lowest price. 这是最低最低的价格。
4. 修饰过去分词,通常用 much,不用 very。但修饰已经转化成形容词的过去分词,或形容词性质较强的过去分词 (如过去分词作定语时),则可用 very。如:
I was much surprised at the news. 听到这个消息我非常吃惊。
Her face wore a very surprised expression. 她脸上露出很吃惊的表情。
- very much 是 much 的强调说法,从理论上说,可用 much 的地方,原则上也可 very much。
时间副词在句中的位置
1、表确定时间或非确定时间的副词
表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末,有时也位于句首。如:
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
We have a very busy day ahead of us today. / Today we have a very busy day ahead of us. 今天迎接我们的将是非常忙碌的一天。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外,还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):
He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
2、still, already, just 等副词
still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)。如:
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时,still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前。如:
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句,则总是位于助动词之前:
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外,still 和already 还可位于句末,表示惊奇:
Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页?
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了?
方式副词句中的通常位置
方式副词表示动词的行为方式,许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词,如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。方式副词在句中的位置比较灵活,但了解以下几点会有所有帮助。
1、通常位于动词后
方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后。如:
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间,除非动词后的宾语很长:
不可说:We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)
但可说:We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。
若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构,方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前,也可位于“介词+宾语”之后,但是若该结构的宾语较长,则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前:
He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。
2、有时也位主语与动词之间
方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间。如:
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气,把信撕碎了。
3、位置不同导致意思不同
有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化。如:
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词表示动作发生的次数,常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
1、频度副词在句中的通常位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后。如:
He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
有时为了强调,频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前。如:
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)。如:
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)。如:
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
注:含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。如:
Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外,频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首,除非是祈使句:
Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。
Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
程度副词very, much, very much的用法区别
三者均可表示“很”、“非常”,区别如下:
1、 very 主要修饰形容词或副词。如:
The dictionary is very useful. 这本词典很有用。
He drove very fast. 他的车开得很快。
注:修饰副词 too,要用 much。如:
It is much too expensive. 这太贵了。
2、 much 主要修饰动词。如:
She doesn’t like him much. 她不太喜欢他。
Does she much like him? / Does she like him much? 她很喜欢他吗?
注意:much 修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句 (见上例),而不能用于肯定陈述句,除非其前有 very, too, so 等之类的修饰语。如:
误:He likes the film much.
正:He likes the film very much. 他很喜欢这部电影。
单个的 much (即没有修饰语)有时也可能在肯定句修饰动词,但这只限于 regret, admire, prefer, appreciate 等少数动词,且此时的 much 应置于句中,而不是句末。如:
We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。
3、 much 除修饰动词外,还可修饰比较级和最高级以及介词短语等。如:
He is much better today. 他今天好多了。
This is much the most difficult. 这是最最困难的。
Much to my surprise, he was a thief. 使我大为吃惊的是,他是个贼。
注:very 有时也可修饰最高级 (注意在句中的位置)。如:
This is the very lowest price. 这是最低最低的价格。
4、 修饰过去分词,通常用 much,不用 very。但修饰已经转化成形容词的过去分词,或形容词性质较强的过去分词 (如过去分词作定语时),则可用 very。如:
I was much surprised at the news. 听到这个消息我非常吃惊。
Her face wore a very surprised expression. 她脸上露出很吃惊的表情。
5. very much 是 much 的强调说法,从理论上说,可用 much 的地方,原则上也可 very much。
英语必须掌握的10个连接副词
l. besides
besides用作副词主要表示补充说明,意思是“此外”“而且”。如:I don't want to go shopping. Besides, I haven't got any money. 我不想去购物,再说,我也没有钱。She won't mind your being late -besides, it's hardly your fault. 她不介意你迟到一一况且这也不能说是你的错。
2. however
however主要用于转折或对比,意思是“然而”“可是”“但是”。
如:Some of the food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well 有些粮食作物长得不好,但棉花长得很不错。
3. instead
instead主要表示取而代之,大意是“相对”“而是”,有时需根据具体语境来翻译。
如:It will take days by car, so let's fly instead.开车去要好几天呢,咱们还是坐飞机去吧。
4. nevertheless
nevertheless 主要表示对比或转折,意思是“尽管如此”“不过”“仍然”。如:
There was no news; nevertheless we went on hoping.尽管毫无消息,我们仍抱着希望。
5. meanwhile
(1)表示时间,意思是“其间”“同时”“在此期间”。如:
The fight will be announced soon.Meanwhile please remain seated.航班很快就要广播登机,在此期间请维续坐在座位上。
(2) 表示对比,意思是“相比之下”“然而”“而”。如:
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects.乐力会严重损害你的健康,够炼则可以减少这影响。
6. moreover
moreover主要表示补充说明,意思是“此外”“而且”,与besides大致同义。如:
The firm did the work very well. Moreover, the cost was not too high.这家公司做得十分出色,而目费用也不太高.
7.otherwise
otherwise主要表示否定的条件,意思是“否则”“要不然”。如:
You'l1 have to go now otherwise you'll miss your bus.你现在得走了,不然你会赶不上公共汽车了。
I'd better write it down, otherwise I”l forget it.我最好把它写下来,要不然我会忘记的。
- therefore
therefore主要表示结果,意思是“因此”“所以”。如:We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project. 我们无法筹到资金,因此不得不放弃计划。
9. thus
thus主要表示结果,意思是“因此”“所以”。如:
No decision had been made. and thus the situation remained unclear, 中于没有作出决定,所以事杰并不明朗
- anyway的用法比较复杂,同学们在备考时主要应注意以下五种用法:
(1) 表示“尽管如此”“无论如何”,含有despite something else 的意味。如:This idea probably won't work, but let's try it anyway 这个办法可能行不通,不过我们还是试试吧。Her parents were opposed to her giving p her course, but she did it anyway.她父母反对她放弃学业,但她还是没有听。
(2) 对前面所说的话起补充作用,或使其听起来无关紧要,意思是“反正”“话又说回来”。如:0f course I don’ t mind taking you home-I'm going that way anyway.我当然可以把你送回家--反正我也是顺路。
(3)用于谈话中表示改变话题,回到原来说的话题或者即将谈到最有趣的话题,意思是“对了”“好吧”“不管怎么说”“无论如何”“再说”。如:
I don’t have time to go and anyway it’s too expensive.我没有时间去,而目也太贵了.Anyway, let's leave that for the moment and look at this month's profit figures.好吧,让我们把那个问题放一放,我们来看看本月的利润额
(4)用于表示略去一些细节转到下一个主要话题,意思是“总之”。如:
I went to college anyway, as a part-time student, paying my own way. 总之我上7大学,半工半读,自食其力。
(5)用于限制或纠正前面所说过的话,以使其更准确符合事实,意思是“至少”。如:
It's something I can’t tell you-not just now,anyway. 这事我不能告诉你,至少现在不行。
There seems to have been a technical problem-anyway, that's what they told me. 好像出7个技术故障,至少他们是这么跟我说。