初中英语考试写作中常见的9种句子语法错误

01词性误用词性误用常表现为：介词错用为动词，形容词错用为副词，名词错用为动词等。
例如: They earn some money so that they can independence.他们挣钱是为了自立。
解析：independence是名词，句中误用为动词。
改为: They earn some money so that they can be independent.
02修饰语错位英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语放在句子中不同的位置，可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被同学们所忽视，因而造成了不必要的误解。
例: I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.我相信我会做得很好，而且我将对校园外的世界有更好的了解。
解析：better位置不当，应置于句末。
改为: I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
03句子不完整  在口语中，交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思，不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这常常发生在主句写完以后，学生又想加些补充说明的情况下。
例: There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.了解社会的途径有很多，比如可以通过电视、广播和报纸。
解析：本段后半部分 “For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.” 不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。
改为: There are many ways to know the society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
04主谓不一致  英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系，从而出现错误。
例: Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了时间，他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为: Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
05指代不清 指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。
例1: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。
解析：读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把容易引起误解的代词加以明确，意思就一目了然了。
改为: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2: We can also know the society by serving it yourself.我们还可以通过亲身参与、体验的方式了解社会。
解析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为: We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
06重复累赘 同学们在写书面表达时应尽量做到简洁：写句子没有一个多余的词，写段落没有一个多余的句子。
例1: In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.尽管他很懒惰，我还是喜欢他。
解析：本句的 “the fact that he is lazy” 系同位语从句，我们可按照 “简洁” 的原则加以简化。
改为: In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2: For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.对于勤奋善良的人来说，钱只是用来购买所需东西的工具。
解析：整个句子可以大大简化，重复累赘过多。
改为: Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
07句子不连贯  句子不连贯是指一个句子内部前言不搭后语，或是结构上不畅通。
例: The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.淡水是地球上最重要的东西。
解析：The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯，it与things在语法上不一致。
改为: Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
08结构混乱  句子结构混乱主要是受汉语思维方式影响而导致的。同学们在日常学习中应多加练习，培养语感。
例1: There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有许多学生在打篮球。
解析：上面的句子中出现了两个谓语动词，不符合英语的语法习惯。
改为: Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例2: The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩来自一个大城市。
解析：一个简单句中不能有两个谓语系动词，结构混乱。
改为: The girl standing over there is from a big city.
09句型单调，缺乏过渡  一篇文章如果简单句过多，句型单调，即使语法错误较少，思路较清晰，看后也会使人感到乏味。同学们应学会单句、复句交替使用，经常变换句型，尝试使用一些较复杂的语法结构及句型，适当运用过渡词，使文章更加连贯。
例: They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
他们每天睡眠少于八小时，这对他们的健康有很大影响。
解析：这段话中使用的全部是简单句，句型比较单调，可以改为定语从句或加入插入语。
改为: Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will, no doubt, have great influence on their health.