2024版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分模块知识复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration

这是一份2024版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分模块知识复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration，共7页。
Unit 4 Space ExplorationⅠ.阅读理解A(2022学年甘肃省张掖市高三年级第一次联考)Must-readBooksfortheYearDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32By B.C.R. FeganEnter for the chance to win a paperback of Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32. The magical Hotel of Hoo is a mysterious place with some very unusual occupants. As our guests explore the strange hotel, they are invited to experience everything it has to offer with just one warning—don’t ever look behind Door 32.OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sBy T. J. WrayThis is a true story about growing up in a small town in Oklahoma, in the 1980s. It’s about the wild adventures and stories of two best friends trying to survive their teenage years, dealing with parents and siblings(兄弟姐妹), or just trying to survive high school.Leadership:InTurbulentTimesBy Doris Kearns GoodwinPulitzer Prize-winning author Doris Kearns Goodwin offers an exploration of the early development, growth, and exercise of leadership. Are leaders born or made? Where does ambition come from? How does adversity affect the growth of leadership?DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytellingBy Philip PullmanOne of the most highly praised and best selling authors of our time now gives us a book that records the history of his love for stories—from his own books to those of William Blake, John Milton, Charles Dickens and the Brothers Grimm, among others—and explores the role of stories in education.DaemonVoices is both a look at the writing mind and methods of a great contemporary master and a fascinating exploration of storytelling itself.For more information, please click here.1.By viewing the web page, you are likely to win a free copy of 　　　 A.Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32B.OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sC.Leadership:InTurbulentTimesD.DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling2.What is OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’s about?A.Leadership. B.Growing up.C.Love for stories. D. A magical hotel.3.What can you learn from DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling?A.Surviving in the 1980s.B.The role of stories in education.C.Siblings adventures.D.History of leadership development.　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四本年度必看的书。1.A　细节理解题。根据Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32部分中的“Enter for the chance to win a paperback of Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32.”可知，你只需浏览网页就有机会免费获得一本Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32。故选A项。2.B　细节理解题。根据OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe 80’s部分中的“This is a true story about growing up in a small town in Oklahoma, in the 1980s.”可知，这本书主要讲述的是关于成长的内容。故选B项。3.B　细节理解题。根据DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling部分中的“…records the history of his love for stories…and explores the role of stories in education.”可知，这本书讲到了故事在教育中的作用。故选B项。B(2022届安徽省高三上学期10月联考)The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains:the Maria(dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity(the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters:the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon’s craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely(扩散地) reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange, winding marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers’ attention was fixed on craters and their origins.Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round-edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped insides, and depths that are about one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.4.What does the text mainly discuss?A.The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.B.Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.C.The origin of the moon’s craters.D.Techniques used to discover the moon’s land forms.5.Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned?A.To confirm earlier theories about the moon’s surface.B.To reveal that previous ideas about the moon’s craters were unreasonable.C.To provide detailed information about the moon’s surface.D.To identify how the moon’s craters were made.6.The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example of 　　　　. A.an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missionsB.a characteristic of large cratersC.a discovery made through the use of earth-based telescopesD.features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon7.The last paragraph probably continues with　　　　. A.some difference in the ways small and large craters were formedB.the different shapes small craters can haveC.the reasons why craters are difficult to studyD.the description of some features of large craters　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观，并详细介绍了月球地表特征以及区别。4.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance.”并结合全文内容可知，本文详细介绍了月球地表特征及区别。故选B项。5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段可推知，作者提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A项。6.C　推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜发现的例子。故选C项。7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，最后可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D项。C(甘肃省张掖市2022学年高三年级第一次全市联考)If all goes well, a balloon will soon rise from Space Center in Sweden. It will float high into the upper atmosphere, where nothing will happen, and then return to Earth.Nevertheless, a collection of environmental groups are trying to stop it.The campaigners are against the flight because of what comes next. The balloon is a test flight for a research being run by the University of Harvard. The research aims to test an idea called SAI, in which fine dust is added into the upper atmosphere to boost the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. A future flight will release a small amount of calcium carbonate dust into the upper atmosphere, in order to help researchers learn more about solar geoengineering—an excellent but theoretical idea of deliberately adjusting the earth’s systems to prevent the bad effects of climate change.Opponents worry about two things. The first is the moral issue. If solar geoengineering works, it could reduce pressure to deal with climate change at its source by cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, in order to keep temperatures low, the reflective particles(颗粒) would have to be topped up continuously. A sudden stop could result in very rapid warming. Raymond Pierrehumbert, a physicist at the University of Oxford, says solar geoengineering is too risky even to research outside of computer simulations(模拟).Not all environmentalists are opposed. The world is likely to miss the target, set in the Paris Agreement, of keeping warming to 1.5℃.“We’re not well-served by not understanding what these technologies represent,” says Steven Hamburg. Mr. Hamburg favours small-scale geoengineering research. Other green organizations have also hesitantly approved of exploring the idea.Exploration is likely to carry on in any case. Once a taboo, geoengineering is being taken increasingly seriously. A recent report on climate change suggested that SAI could help keep warming below 1.5 ℃. America has developed a research plan for solar geoengineering.Both China and India have launched research programmes of their own. Activists will continue to oppose experiments. But balloons will likely fly anyway.8.How does solar geoengineering work?A.Dust is put into the upper atmosphere to trap more heat.B.Measures are taken intentionally to tackle the climate change.C.Steps are taken deliberately to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.D.Dust is emptied into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight into Earth.9.Why do environmentalists argue against SAI?A.It is to be implemented on a large scale.B.It has led to global warming against the original intention.C.It is probably to miss the target of keeping warming to 1.5 ℃.D.It may cause people to care little about greenhouse gas emissions.10.What is the best title of the text?A.Should Balloons’ Flight Be Banned?B.Should Solar Geoengineering Exploration Go Ahead?C.How Do Balloons Threaten the Earth’s Climate?D.How Has Solar Geoengineering Changed Earth?11.What is the author’s attitude to solar geoengineering?A.Critical. B.Doubtful.C.Positive. D.Frightened.　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以帮助缓解全球变暖的一项工程solargeoengineering(太阳地球工程),并详细介绍了该工程的原理、初衷、实施的隐患、优势以及未来的发展。8.B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这个太阳地球工程是来采取措施应对气候变化。故选B项。9.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If solar geoengineering works, it could reduce pressure to deal with climate change at its source by cutting greenhouse gas emissions.”可知，太阳地球工程可能会导致人们对温室气体排放的不再关心。根据上文可知，环保人士真正担心的是全球气候变暖根本原因是因为温室气体的排放，如果太阳地球工程通过向大气层释放细尘，减少太阳光线向地球的反射，缓解了全球变暖，那么温室气体排放这一根本原因就会被忽视。故选D项。10.B　标题推测题。通览全文内容可知，本文从人们对太阳地球工程面临的争议、各方的态度，推测这一工程是否应当继续。故B项“太阳地球工程勘探应该继续进行吗?”适合作本文最佳标题。11.C　观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Exploration is likely to carry on in any case(无论如何，探索可能会继续).”和“A recent report on climate change suggested that SAI could help keep warming below 1.5 ℃(最近一份关于气候变化的报告指出SAI有助于将气候变暖控制在1.5 ℃以下).”可知，作者对这一工程的态度是乐观积极的。故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五阅读(福建省泉州市2022届高中毕业班质量监测)The most popular course at Yale is Psych 157:Psychology and the Good Life, covering the science of happiness and how to apply it. Since its launch in 2018 by Professor Laurie Santos, the course has been taken by a quarter of Yale students and more than 200,000 others in its online version.　1　 When chasing happiness, many of us are trying to be a little gentler with ourselves and assigning a priority to self-care. That’s a sensible strategy, Santos agrees. The trouble is how people understand self-care. We assume that self-care looks like a nice bubble bath—or even selfish pursuits.　2　 We actually get more out of being more open, more social and more other-oriented(以他人为中心的) than spending money on ourselves. Santos isn’t the only scientist insisting that you focus more on kindness to others than kindness to yourself. Research out of Oxford University confirms that even tiny acts of kindness can have significant effects on our happiness.　3　 They boost mental well-being in the wider community. If you want to stay happy, focus less on self-indulgence(自我放纵) and more on kindness. 　4　 Everyone has made a silly decision or two. I myself have lived and learned from more than a few. It’s not the mistakes that matter. It’s how we deal with them. What we can do is to learn from the poor choices, terrible ideas and bad decisions of the past and not repeat them. We can also learn from the mistakes of others and avoid them.　5　 And we can make all the bumps and bruises(磕磕碰碰) count for something. A.Apparently, we all have a thirst for happiness.B.Self-care is the foundation for caring about others.C.Finally, to pursue happiness, learn from mistakes.D.Getting them down on paper will help us avoid mistakes.E.And other studies show small acts of kindness can spread out.F.Therefore, we can save the unavoidable pain in life for what’s worthwhile.G.But data suggest the right way to treat ourselves would be to do nice things for others.　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过耶鲁大学最受欢迎的一门课程，告诫人们为别人做好事可以大大提升幸福感。1.A　根据上文“Since its launch in 2018 by Professor Laurie Santos, the course has been taken by a quarter of Yale students and more than 200,000 others in its online version.”可知，参加心理学与美好生活这门课程的人非常多，可见人们都是向往幸福的。A项“显然，我们都渴望幸福”是根据上文得出的结论。2.G　下文“We actually get more out of being more open, more social and more other-oriented(以他人为中心的) than spending money on ourselves.”中的“other-oriented(以他人为中心的)”与G项“But data suggest the right way to treat ourselves would be to do nice things for others.”中的“to do nice things for others”在意思上呼应。3.E　E项“And other studies show small acts of kindness can spread out.”与上文“Research out of Oxford University confirms that even tiny acts of kindness can have significant effects on our happiness.”中的“tiny acts of kindness”呼应，同时也是后文“They boost mental well-being in the wider community.”中的They所指代的对象。故选E项。4.C　C项“Finally, to pursue happiness, learn from mistakes.”中的mistakes与下文“It’s not the mistakes that matter. It’s how we deal with them.”呼应。5.F　下文“And we can make all the bumps(磕磕碰碰) and bruises count for something.”在句意上是对F项“因此，我们可以把生活中不可避免的痛苦留到值得的地方”的承接。