天津市部分区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试卷汇编：阅读理解+

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天津市部分区
2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷分类汇编
阅读理解
天津市滨海新区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末检测英语试题
第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
MONTREAL PLANETARIUM
Step into Montreal Planetarium (天文馆) with its special design and cutting-edge exhibition rooms. Montreal Planetarium houses two exhibition rooms for two unique experiences. Each double bill, with live explanations by a science educator, takes audiences to a voyage far from planet Earth, full of impressive exhibitions and presentations!
DOUBLE FEATURE SHOWS
(AGES 7 AND UP)
Includes a presentation on tonight’s sky.
Length: 75 min
To celebrate its 5th anniversary, Montreal Planetarium is presenting original shows that have been visitor favorites since it opened.
Exhibition Room 1
CONTINUUM (宇宙无限性)
From the unlimited small to the unlimited large, a cosmic(宇宙的) expression on the connection between humankind and the Universe.
Directors: Michel Lemieux and Victor Pilon
Music: Philip Glass
AURORAE(极光)
Under the sky full of stars in Yellowknife, the audiences have a front-row seat on the magical spectacle of the aurora, the Northern Lights.
Produced by: Montreal Space for Life
Director: Philippe Baylaucq and Sebastien Gauthier
Music: DJ Champion
Exhibition Room 2
COSMIC COLLISIONS(碰撞)
These sometimes-explosive encounters may have not only ended the age of the dinosaurs but also given to new stars. Come discover the forces that continue to shape our Universe.
Produced by: the American Museum of Natural History (USA), together with the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, GOTO Inc, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
EXO (外来生物)
Are we alone in the Universe? As thousands of planets are being found outside our solar system, can the discovery of life elsewhere be far off? A presentation on tonight’s sky follows the show.
Produced by: Montreal Space for Life
Director: Sebastien Gauthier
36．How many exhibition rooms are there in Montreal Planetarium?
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
37．What do AURORAE and EXO have in common?
A．They both discover the planets outside solar system.
B．They are both produced by Montreal Space for Life.
C．They are both directed by Philippe Baylaucq.
D．They both give birth to new stars.
38．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The meeting between dinosaurs changed the Universe.
B．The stars disappear because of the Northern Lights.
C．The shows last one hour and fifteen minutes.
D．Tonight’s presentation is before the show.
39．What does the underlined word “spectacle” mean in the passage?
A．A terrible tradition. B．An impressive view.
C．An ordinary response. D．A disappointing expression.
40．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To attract people to visit Montreal Planetarium.
B．To teach people some knowledge about the Earth.
C．To celebrate the 6th birthday of Montreal Planetarium.
D．To encourage six-year-old children to explore the Universe.

B
Yesterday after work, the boss told me I was fired. When I walked along a riverbed sadly, I suddenly realized it was New Year’s Day, a day to start afresh (重新).
I passed by a man holding his son, one or two years old. The baby’s face was in pure joy, and his bright eyes were full of wonder. The simple sweetness of the baby made me moved.
Walking on, I saw a young couple repairing their bicycle. They smiled at me and said, “Happy New Year!” I smiled and wished them the same. It was a simple thing, but for a moment it brought me a sudden joy.
I kept walking, enjoying the cheerful singing of birds. With people around laughing out loud, an old woman immersed (沉浸) herself in her sewing. She didn’t seem either happy or sad. A feeling of timeless peace flowed through me and all fear of what the future might bring disappeared. I thanked her in my heart, and moved on.
As I reached home, I was filled with great thanks and hope for life, which took me a long time to find. Actually, happiness could be simple and easy. Now I knew whatever the New Year would bring, there would be joy and enough love to help me through the hard times we all had to face.
“Happy New Year!” I said to myself.
41．What did the writer’s boss tell him after work?
A．It was New Year’s Day. B．He was fired.
C．He needed a day to relax. D．He had a day off.
42．When seeing the little baby, the writer was moved by his ______.
A．age B．laughing C．eyes D．crying
43．When the writer saw the young couple, they were ______.
A．fixing their bicycle B．waiting for the writer
C．watching the passers-by D．celebrating the New Year
44．How did the writer feel when he saw the old woman?
A．Wise. B．Hopeless. C．Frightened. D．Grateful.
45．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Friendship lies in honest communication.
B．Greetings make people polite and peaceful.
C．Happiness could be simple and easy.
D．Walking makes people healthy.

C
A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations.
Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.
On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, but the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. That doesn’t mean they can’t be heard. “White unnoticed to the human ear, the sounds sent out by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example.
While farming has become a science itself, there’s still a lot of estimation (估计) involved. If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation (灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. “In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, efficient water use becomes even more necessary, for both food safety and natural environment.” They would also be able to better identify and control discase in a crop.
The sounds sent out by plants are not cries for help, but rather a by-product of material stress rather than communication. Just as Hadany notes, “Obviously, a wonderful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.”
46．The author tries to tell the readers in Para. 2 ______.
A．the differences between the sounds
B．the process of the experiments
C．the inventions from the farmers
D．the function of the plants
47．The researchers’ findings may contribute to the farmers of ______.
A．earning a lot of money
B．taking good care of their crop
C．recognizing the origin of the plant
D．making full preparations for a discovery
48．What can be learned about the experiment in Para. 3?
A．Some insects can notice the smell of the plants.
B．Not all the people can improve their work efficiency.
C．Neither animals nor plants can hear the sounds by people.
D．Some animals may use the sounds by plants to choose food.
49．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Why people conduct experiments with plants.
B．Science matters, and we are making it.
C．Plants talk, and now we are listening.
D．How plants reduce their stress.
50．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To promote a new technology.
B．To recommend a research team.
C．To introduce a scientific discovery.
D．To explain a historical event.

天津市河北区2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题
第三部分：阅读理解 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
CHI’s Academic Year Program (AYP) is your chance to study in America and spend either an academic year or a semester living with a volunteer host family.
The requirements for studying in America
High school students who are aged 15 to 18
A score of at least 212 on the ELTiS exam
Application
Contact a partner agency in your home or a nearby country. We can also send you a list of partners near you. They will set you up with an application and let you know what you need to submit in order to be considered.
Admission and visa
Our Admissions Department reviews and accepts your application. We issue and send your agency the Form DS-2023, which is the official US Department of State document that allows you to apply for and receive your J-1 visa. Once you receive the DS-2023, you can make your visa appointment. When the visa is granted, you are all set to travel to America.
Homestay
Meanwhile, our Field and Operations staff will work hard to find you the perfect family and school as soon as possible! Once we find the right host family for you, you can start to get to know your family by email.
Depart to the US and meet your family and friends
Your agency will book your flight according to your school start date. When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation and introduce you to other exchange students and the surrounding community. When school starts, you will begin the process of cultural exchange!
Contact us: 1-800-432-4643; 1-415-459-5397
Location: 255 W End Avenue San Rafael, CA 94901
31．According to the passage, CHI’s Academic Year Program is for ______.
A．international high school students to study in America
B．international students to earn their degree in America
C．American high school students to study abroad
D．college students to study abroad
32．Who can take part in this homestay project?
A．Students interested in American culture.
B．College students with 220 on the ELTiS exam.
C．14-year-old students with good grades at school.
D．17-year-old high school students with 212 on the ELTiS exam.
33．Students can apply for this project by ______.
A．calling 1-800-432-4643 to get a visa
B．applying in person at CHI’s headquarters in San Rafael
C．visiting CHI’s website and fill out an online application
D．contacting a partner agency in their country or a nearby country
34．According to the passage, we know the Form DS-2023 is a document ______.
A．that allows you to apply for and receive your J-1visa
B．that allows you to travel to America without a visa
C．that allows you to study in America
D．that allows you to work in America
35．What will happen when students arrive in the US?
A．Students will start school immediately.
B．Students will receive a student orientation.
C．Students will have to apply for their visas again.
D．Students will go sightseeing with their family and friends.

B
After an evening of overtime work with her colleagues at the office, Jill Bien, 48, boarded a bus bound for Chicago, where she lived. About 35 miles into the 90-mile trip, Jill felt the bus drive away onto the right shoulder (路肩) of 1-94. The bus scraped (擦挂) a concrete barrier, and then turned back into traffic.
“Stop the bus!” Jill yelled to the driver from her seat just behind him. But then she saw his seat was empty. The driver, James Rogers, 68, lay unconscious in the buss step. “Call 911!” Jill screamed, and with the bus rushing in and out of traffic at about 60 mph in an uncontrollable way, she leaped into the driver’s seat and grabbed the wheel.
“My life flashed before my eyes,” Jill says now. “Everyone on the bus was bouncing around; they were lying in the aisle (过道). I thought, I don’t want anybody to get hurt.” Jill carefully turned the bus onto the shoulder, bringing it to a stop.
“Thank God she got that bus over to the side” says Marge Borkowski, who was a passenger that night. “She’s my hero.” Emergency personnel arrived a few minutes later and took 11 of the bus’s 34 passengers to the hospital, where doctors treated them for minor injuries. When Jill returned home after the accident, she “burst out crying” she says. “I kept visualizing (眼前浮现) it.”
Despite anxiety and injuries, Jill boarded a bus back to the office two days later. “I didn’t want my fear to build up,” she said. Kenosha County policeman Dan Ruth, who was at the scene of the accident, told reporters he hadn’t witnessed an act more heroic than Jill’s in his 18 years on the job. “It could have been much, much worse,” he says.
36．Where was Jill Bien going on the bus after overtime work?
A．To the airport. B．To the police station.
C．To her home in Chicago. D．To the hospital in Las Vegas.
37．What was Jill thinking after taking control of the wheel?
A．Her own life. B．The bus’s problem.
C．The passengers’ safety. D．The driver’s condition.
38．Why did Jill keep visualizing the accident?
A．She still felt frightened with worry. B．She enjoyed the thrilling experience.
C．She was proud of what she had done. D．She was relieved to get minor injuries.
39．According to the passage, Dan Ruth thinks Jill is ______.
A．overreacting to the accident B．lucky to have survived the accident
C．a model of courage and selflessness D．a troublemaker and causes the accident
40．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Overcome Your Fears B．Who’s About to Drive
C．Why Just Her D．Stop the Bus

C
Fabien Cousteau, an ocean explorer, has announced plans to build a large research station under the ocean. The goal of the project is to become an “underwater version of the International Space Station (ISS)”.
Mr. Cousteau is the grandson of Jacques Cousteau, an ocean scientist who brought the wonders of the sea to the attention of people around the world. Fabien Cousteau has gone the same way, exploring the sea as a scientist and working to protect the oceans.
Though the ocean is all around us, studying it is a challenge. Divers are limited in how far down they can go and how long they can stay below. Returning to the surface can be dangerous. After a deep dive, divers must wait for hours before they dive again.
The new undersea laboratory is designed to solve many of those problems. Named “Proteus” the lab is a 370-square-meter structure that can be a home for up to 12 people at a time. By actually living under the sea, scientists will be able to dive and work for much longer without worrying about the dangers of coming to the surface.
Mr. Cousteau says that the research base won’t just be used to study and help protect the sea, but also to research new ways of creating energy and perhaps even searching for new medicines.
The power for the station is expected to come from solar energy and the movement of the ocean. Proteus is also expected to have the first underwater greenhouse in the world, so that the lab will be able to grow some of its own food.
Proteus was designed by Yves Behar, a well-known designer. Mr. Cousteau and Mr. Behar are working together to raise money to build Proteus. They say it’ll cost about $135 million. Plans call for Proteus to be built on the sea floor 18 meters below the ocean’s surface off the island of Curacao in the Caribbean Sea. Mr. Cousteau hopes to have the lab completed and ready to use by 2025.
41．What is the possible reason why Fabien Cousteau becomes an ocean explorer?
A．The strong support of his family. B．The influence of his grandfather.
C．The trouble in exploring the ocean. D．The dream of building the ISS in water.
42．What is the purpose of Fabien Cousteau’s building Proteus?
A．To make studying the ocean easy. B．To get more of the ocean mapped.
C．To become known for his research. D．To draw attention to ocean exploration.
43．What is expected to be possible in Proteus?
A．Exploring the island of Curacao. B．Living in the sea forever.
C．Creating solar energy. D．Planting vegetables.
44．What can we know about Proteus from the passage?
A．It has been put to use. B．It’s expensive to build.
C．It’s in the testing stage. D．It’s built in the Pacific Ocean.
45．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A world-known ocean explorer. B．A newly-built undersea laboratory
C．An advanced way to explore the ocean D．A plan for an undersea research station.

天津市河西区2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Some people learn a foreign language because they want to communicate with the local people. Some other people are just curious about foreign cultures. Whatever your reason may be, the best foreign language software around will certainly help you pick up the language in a few weeks. You will be able to speak fluently (流利地) and understand the language clearly as well.
Tell Me More
This software is widely used in U.S. schools, and it is believed to be the best foreign language learning software around the world. It offers instructions for learning Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish. However, the software does not come cheap as it costs around $250.
Talk Now!
If you are looking for a cheaper language learning software, then this is just the suitable choice for you. This software will cost you around $40, and even though it is not as useful as Tell Me More, it is still a very good software for the purpose. The disadvantages are that there is very little focus on grammar and there is a clear lack of interactive activities (缺乏互动性活动) for users so it does not result in fluency.
Instant Immersion
This software provides learning material for up to 33 different languages, and it is widely considered as the best software for learning Spanish as well. It will cost you around $30, and this is a very reasonable price for such a highly recommended (推荐) and loved language learning software. The learning courses are highly interactive, and the ever present speech recognition feature ensures that you are getting the pronunciation right when you speak.
Kid Speak
This is a foreign language translation software that you can make use of, and it will cost you around $30. So, it is safe to say that the level of performance will be similar to that of Talk Now! This software is designed more for the use of children for its interesting videos.
31．In learning a language, __________.
A．different people have different purposes
B．talking with the natives is very necessary
C．understanding foreign cultures is necessary
D．using software is the most effective way
32．What is the disadvantage of Tell Me More?
A．It lacks language learning methods.
B．It offers no interactive activities.
C．It costs much more than the others.
D．It provides no interesting videos for children.
33．Users of Talk Now will have difficulty improving their fluency because __________.
A．it doesn’t focus on grammar
B．it doesn’t offer interactive activities
C．it costs the users very little money
D．its users are usually small kids
34．Which of the apps best suits users with poor pronunciation?
A．Tell Me More. B．Talk Now.
C．Instant Immersion. D．Kid Speak.
35．The author wrote this passage to __________.
A．introduce some language learning software to us
B．tell us the importance of learning a foreign language
C．tell us the advantages and disadvantages of some software
D．encourage us to use software in learning foreign languages

B
There’s a small brick house I visit from time to time. It’s not the house that is special, but rather the person who lives inside.
I met Jenny about 45 years ago when she was my sister’s kindergarten teacher. I remember looking into her classroom wishing I was her student. Jenny created a safe place where we could be whatever we wanted to be in that moment. My parents told me I could start school when I was 4. Though, when I turned 4 in the spring, I couldn’t understand why I had to wait until September.
For as long as I can remember, I’ve wanted to be a teacher. When I graduated, I couldn’t wait to invite Jenny to my classroom. She arrived one day, and I saw joy on my students’ faces singing the same songs I sang with her as a child. As a new teacher, I marveled at how she connected with children. For years, Jenny volunteered in my classroom.
Over the years we have shared in each other’s ups and downs. She asks me for updates about my family and friends, and she tells me about hers.
I am here for her now as the time to sell her house is near. I bring up boxes from her basement. We go through every painting a student has given her, every thank-you note a parent has written and her teaching aids.
I find papers featuring the letters of the alphabet. I find my own name printed in green marker. Suddenly, my mind goes back to Room 3.
More than 40 years ago, Jenny sat on the carpet at her feet. We learned about the letters and their sounds. Now, Jenny sits on her rocking chair, and I find myself sitting at her feet. Over tea, we talk for hours. I listen intently because I know I still have more to learn from her.
Our friendship is one that neither one of us expected. Educators know teaching is a profession devoted to the development of young individuals. The lucky ones get to see what their students have done with their lives. The exceptional ones never leave their students’ hearts.
36．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A small brick house. B．Unexpected friendship.
C．A kindergarten teacher. D．Letters of the alphabet.
37．What does the underlined words “marveled at” mean in English?
A．To be surprised at. B．To be satisfied with.
C．To be disappointed at. D．To be angry with.
38．According to the passage, what did the author do after she graduated?
A．A singer. B．A painter. C．A teacher. D．A volunteer.
39．What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．Teachers play an important role in the development of students.
B．Every teacher will never leave their students’ hearts.
C．Every teacher will know what their students do with their lives.
D．Student are lucky enough to make friends with their teachers.
40．Which of the following is true?
A．Jenny taught the author painting pictures.
B．The author received thank-notes from the parents.
C．The author often visited Jenny’s basement.
D．The author has learned a lot from Jenny.

C
Natural disasters can cause environmental changes. How will cities use technology to maintain (维持) power during natural disasters in the future? Some smart middle school students are already thinking about this question.
Teams of students from around the world explained their ideas on this topic at the Future City competition, which recently took place in Washington, DC. Students from Justice Page Middle School in Minneapolis, US, were on one of the teams.
Instead of using popular technologies like flying cars and AI, the students from Justice Page Middle School took a more simple approach to the topic. They spent weeks developing their ideas and building a model to show them. They chose the city of Maui in Hawaii as the setting for their project. They chose this city because several different kinds of natural disasters had happened there in the past.
In their project, they covered roofs in the city with solar panels (太阳能电池板), which can produce and store power. When a power failure happens, the stored power can be sent to different neighborhoods.
The students brought their model to life with 3D printing technology. They printed the parts they needed. To make the model more real, they made a base out of wood and grass. The model has lights and even a small train that travels back and forth.
The team did not win the competition, but the experience was valuable. One competitor of the team, Ryan Rowell, 13, said he thought it was cool to think about things that he hadn’t considered before. He also saw how other teams advertise their models and interesting ideas. He said he wanted to keep learning about engineering.
41．Which word can be used to describe the competition?
A．National. B．Unfair. C．Meaningless. D．Technological.
42．The underlined word “approach” in Para 3 can be replaced by “________”.
A．model B．way C．service D．task
43．Paragraph 4 is written to ________.
A．explain how a power failure happens B．show how the students’ project works
C．list the ideas that the students used D．explain why the students’ model succeeds
44．What do we know about the team from Justice Page Middle School?
A．They won the competition in the end.
B．They made great efforts for their project.
C．They chose Minneapolis as the setting for their project.
D．They wanted to use popular technologies in the competition.
45．What do we know about Ryan Rowell?
A．He learned a lot in the competition. B．He was a teacher in Justice Page Middle School.
C．He thought advertising his team’s idea was hard. D．He was disappointed at losing the competition.

天津市部分区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末练习英语试题
第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
CLASSIFIED ADS
JOB WANTED
I’m Black, a 25 young man living in Shanghai and looking for a job in a variety of fields, website designer, teaching Spanish or English or working as a waiter or bar tender (调酒师). I have a friendly and hard-working personality. If you have any job that you think I could do, please do not hesitate to contact me. Backer1896@126. com
JOB OFFERED
EL house is a well-known English learning center for primary and high school students. We are looking for native English teachers who can teach the following subjects to our students who are planning to study abroad. The incumbent should meet the following requirements:
－ Experienced in exam preparations (TOEFL, IELTS, SAT)
－ Degree holder
－ Experienced in teaching either mathematics, physics or business
－ Excellent command of English in both oral and written
－ Experienced in teaching higher academic level English
－ Native English teachers or Bilingual teachers with native command of English
JGHTR@gmail. com
SHARE
I’m Margaret, looking for a person with a positive attitude to life to share the bedroom in a wonderfully-located apartment. That’s near everything and has everything, hard-wood floors, international TV, washer/dryer. Other two rooms already occupied by a French and a Kiwi woman, both professional.
Please contact me. MLCT@sina. com
FOR RENT
CNY 12, 000/lovely apartment near West Nanjing Road
Layout: 3 bedreoms, 2 bathrooms
Size: 120 sqm
Monthly rental: RMB 12, 000
Compound: First Block
Facilities: gym, tennis court, indoor swimming pool, children’s playground
LYG2560@sohu. com
36．If you have online jobs, you can contact ______.
A．LYG2560@sohu. com
B．MLCT@sina. com
C．Backer1896@126. com
D．JGHTR@gmail. Com
37．What does the underlined word “incumbent” mean in Para. 2?
A．Businessman. B．Student.
C．Employee. D．Interviewer.
38．In order to work in the EL house, you need to be ______.
A．good at in final exam preparations
B．experienced in teaching Spanish
C．excellent only in oral English
D．a native English teacher teaching physics
39．Margaret is now looking for ______.
A．her lost eat B．an apartment C．a job D．a roommate
40．If you rent the apartment near West Nanjing Road, ______.
A．you should pay RMB 12, 000 each week
B．you can work out in the gym
C．you can go shopping in the neighborhood
D．you can swim in an outdoor swimming pool

B
Six years ago, something unforgettable happened. My wife, Liz and I celebrated our 50th wedding anniversary that year. It was a lovely event hosted by our sons for us. Many wonderful friends from the past surprised us with presents and congratulations. Our gift to each other was a driving trip out west. We drove from Ontario into Alberta, then southward into Glacier National Park in Montana and continued to Yellowstone National Park.
It was a cold spring day and the Beartooth Highway had opened for the season just days before. Along side the road there was still a great amount of snow remaining. The scenery was so impressive that we made numerous stops to record memories with my camera. At almost the highest point of the highway, I stopped at a lookout to catch the amazing views with my wife in the center of my camera lens (镜头).
There were not many vehicles on the road. Occasionally cars with energetie young tourists passed by. And then we heard a motoreyele in the distance. The driver of the motorcycle in rags (衣衫褴褛) parked behind our car. As he approached us his only words were, “Give me your camera and get over there with your wife.” I must admit I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories. Surprisingly, he just took a picture of us handed back my camera and rode off before we could express our gratitude. The photo he took is one of the most cherished and prized of our trip.
I learned my lesson in the journey. We should never judge a man by his appearanee. If the motoreyele driver reads this story and remembers the situation we would like to say “thank you” to him.
41．Aecording to the passags, what do we know about the trip?
A．It’s a suggestion from their friends.
B．It’s in late autumn six year ago.
C．It’s taken by train to the west.
D．It’s a gift for their wedding anniversary.
42．What surprised the author and his wife on their wedding anniversary?
A．A lot of presents and congratulations.
B．The old friends with gifts and wishes.
C．Their trip out into Yellowstone National Park.
D．Their sons holding their wedding anniversary.
43．Why the author was nervous when the motoreyclist offered to take a picture?
A．Because the motoreyelist would break the camera.
B．Because the motoreyelist might not be good at taking picture.
C．Because he could have lost the camera with memories.
D．Because his wife might not be satisfied with the view.
44．Which of the following ean be concluded according to the passage?
A．There is no best, only better.
B．Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C．Put yourself in others’ shoes.
D．A contented mind is an everlasting feast.
45．Which of the following best describes the driver of the motorcycle?
A．Kind and straightforward.
B．Cautious and admirable.
C．Rich and skeptieal.
D．Creative and tolerant.

C
This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers (young people aged from 13 to 19) from all over the world will spend about ten months in US homes. They will attend US schools, meet US teenagers, and form impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new language and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.
Here is a two-way student exchange in action. Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.
Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study, the language began to come to him. Schools were completely different from what he had expected—much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.
Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.
“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”
At the same time, In America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize American schools,” he says, “It is far too easy by our level. But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two countries”.
46．The world exchange programme is mainly to ______.
A．help teenagers in other countries know the real America
B．send students in America to travel in Germany
C．let students learn something about other countries
D．have teenagers learn new languages
47．Fred and Mike agreed that ______.
A．American food tastes better than German food
B．German schools were harder than American schools
C．Americans and Germans were both friendly
D．There were more cars on the streets in America
48．What is particular in American schools is that ______.
A．there is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings
B．there are a lot of after-school activities
C．students usually take fourteen subjects in all
D．students walk outside to enjoy themselves
49．After experiencing the German school life, Fred thought ______.
A．The life in Germany schools was easier for students
B．German schools had a lot of outside activities
C．American schools were not as good as German schools
D．The life in American schools was easier for students
50．After experiencing the American school life, Mike thought ______.
A．a better education should include something good from both America and Germany
B．German schools trained students to be better citizens
C．American schools were as good as German schools
D．the easy life in the American schools was more helpful to students

天津市南开区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2. 5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
A
Great European Cities
PARIS
Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.
BARCELONA
Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of Sagrada Familia (圣家族大教堂), which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet!
FLORENCE
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance (文艺复兴), a great artistic movement which began in the 1300 s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace (乌菲兹美术馆) is the most famous art gallery in the city.
ATHENS
Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization (明). Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world’s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) on the Acropolis (雅典卫城) Hill were built during this period. Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
26 Which of the following is TRUE about Paris?
A. Paris is the biggest city of Europe.
B. Louvre is the famous symbol Paris.
C. The Eiffel Tower stands in the centre of Paris.
D. Paris is famous for its art galleries, restaurants, cafes and theatres.
27. What do we know about Barcelona?
A. It's the capital of Spain.
B. It's to the east of Madrid.
C. It's the Largest city of Spain
D. The Church of Sagrada Familia was completed after Gaudi's death.
28. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Florence is known for the Renaissance.
B. Florence is a city with a history of three hundred years.
C. The Uffizi Palace is the most popular art gallery in Italy.
D. Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced most of Florence's paintings and sculptures.
29. According to Paragraph 4, Athens ________________.
A. used to be the capital of Greece B. used to be the centre of power
C. was a birthplace of great buildings D. was home to most Greek writers
30. Where is the passage probably taken from?
A. A course guide. B. A summer camp notice.
C. A tourist brochure. D. A business magazine.
B
One day, the father was doing some work and his son came and asked, “Daddy, may I ask you a question?” Father said, “Yeah sure, what is it?” So his son asked,” Dad, how much do you make an hour?” Father was a little upset and said, “That's none of your business. Why do you ask such a thing?” Son said, “I just want to know. Please tell me.” So, the father told him that “'I make $ 50 per hour.”
“Oh,” the little boy replied, with his head down. Looking up, he said, “Dad, may I please borrow $30?” The father angrily said, “if the only reason you asked about my pay is so that you can borrow some money to buy a silly toy or other nonsense, then march yourself to your room and go to bed. Think why you are being so selfish. I work hard every day and do not like this childish behavior.”
The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door. The man sat down and started to get even angrier about the little boy's questions. How dare he ask such questions only to get some money? After about an hour or so, the man had calmed down and started to think, “Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $30 and he really didn't ask for money very often!” The man went to the door of little boy's room and opened the door. “Arc you sleeping. son?” He asked. “No daddy, I'm awake,” replied the boy. “I've been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier”, said the man. “It's been a long day and I took out my anger out on you, here's the $30 you asked for.”
The little boy sat straight up, smiling “Oh thank you, dad!” He yelled (尖叫). Then, reaching under his pillow he pulled some notes. The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again. The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at his father.
“Why do you want money if you already had some?” the father complained. “Because I didn't have enough, but now I do,” the little boy replied. “Daddy I have $50 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.” Father was dumbstruck.
31. According to Paragraph 1, what was the father's initial reaction to his son's question?
A. He felt nervous. B. He was scared. C. He felt angry. D. He was a little uneasy.
32. When his son asked him for some money, the father thought _____________
A. his son must be crazy
B. he was too selfish with his son
C. his son wanted to purchase something be liked
D. he should stop treating his son like a child any more
33. What was the father's purpose in going to his son's room?
A. To apologize. B. To make sure his son was asleep.
C. To find out why his son asked for money. D. To give his son more money.
34. What did the son need the money for?
A. He wanted to buy a toy.
B. He wanted to save up to buy something silly.
C. He wanted his father to spend more time with him.
D. He wanted to have dinner with his father every day.
35. What does the underlined word “dumbstruck” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Frightened. B. Astonished. C. Grateful. D. Bitter.
C
Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes (沙丘). The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.”
Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing. but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei. who lives in Beijing says. “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It’s difficult to breathe and the dust (灰尘) makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.”
The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.
36. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________________.
A. introduce a topic B. make a comparison C. propose a definition D. present an argument
37. What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 2?
A. Sandstorms affect only four places in the world.
B. Sandstorms sometimes can even move small hills.
C. Sandstorms sometimes can hide the sky.
D. You can hardly survive a sandstorm.
38. What can we learn about the sandstorm from Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A. Sandstorms will always last for a short time.
B. Sandstorms can sometimes cause traffic jams.
C. Beijing is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia.
D. Climate change is the only cause of desertification.
39. When a sandstorm comes, you'd better ______________
A. stay outside B. wear a mask at office
C. not ride a bike around D. hold your breath all the time
40. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Sandstorms in Asia B. Images of Sandstorms
C. Sandstorms on the Way D. How and Where Sandstorms Occur?
D
Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter (垃圾) and can’t be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong. out so what? ·What difference can it possibly make?” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road? And anyway, no one will know, " Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves: “It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.
To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established. This institute was set up in the early 1990 s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩)... In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection, the whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from preschoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature. The organisation is called Roots ＆ Shoots because roots (根) move slowly under the ground to make a firm (坚实的) foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag (摇摆) its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant? One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that: “Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference. You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart? Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent.
41. What does the underlined part in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. I can do whatever I like and nobody knows.
B. I'm unique and no one realizes it.
C. I'm lonely. And, no one in the world knows me.
D. This is who I am. And, I don't want people to know me.
42. The ultimate goal of Dr. Jane Goodall is to ____________.
A. establish Roots & Shoots
B. educate people to build a safer future
C. commit to environmental protection
D. guide young people to create a future in harmony with nature
43 According to Dr. Jane Goodall, who are the shoots?
A. All the people. B. The youth. C. Adults. D. Our friends.
44. What is Dr. Jane Goodall's attitude towards the role of the individual?
A. Wait-and-see. B. Skeptical. C. Admiring. D. Encouraging.
45. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce Roots & Shoots.
B. To point out the disadvantages of “Just-me-ism”.
C. To call on young people to join Roots & Shoots.
D. To call people to pay more attention to animals and plants.

答案：
天津市滨海新区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末检测英语试题
36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了蒙特利尔天文馆的特点、展览和节目，旨在吸引人们参观。
36．细节理解题。根据MONTREAL PLANETARIUM中的“Montreal Planetarium houses two exhibition rooms for two unique experiences. (蒙特利尔天文馆设有两个展览室，提供两种独特的体验。)”可知，蒙特利尔天文馆有两个展览室。故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据AURORAE(极光)中的“Produced by: Montreal Space for Life (制作：蒙特利尔生命空间)”和EXO (外来生物)中的“Produced by: Montreal Space for Life (制作：蒙特利尔生命空间)”可知，极光和外来生物都是由蒙特利尔生命空间制作。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据DOUBLE FEATURE SHOWS中的“Length: 75 min (长度：75分钟)”可知，演出持续1小时15分钟。故选C。
39．词句猜测题。根据划线词的前半句“Under the sky full of stars in Yellowknife, (在耶洛奈夫星光灿烂的天空下，)”和后半句“the Northern Lights.(北极光)”可知，观众们可以近距离欣赏极光的神奇奇观，所以spectacle为“奇观；壮观”之意。故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章介绍了蒙特利尔天文馆的特点、展览和节目，旨在吸引人们参观，即作者写这篇文章的目的是吸引人们参观蒙特利尔天文馆。故选A。
41．B 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。元旦节那天作者被老板解雇了，他在沿着河边走的时候遇到了不同的人，这让作者心中充满了感激和对生活的希望。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yesterday after work, the boss told me I was fired.(昨天下班后，老板对我说我被解雇了。)”可知，老板在作者下班后告诉他被解雇了。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The simple sweetness of the baby made me moved.(婴儿单纯的快乐让我感动。)”可知，这个婴儿的欢笑让作者感动。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Walking on, I saw a young couple repairing their bicycle.(继续往前走，我看到一对年轻夫妇正在修理他们的自行车。)”可知，作者看到这对年轻夫妇时，他们正在修理自己的自行车。故选A。
44．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A feeling of timeless peace flowed through me and all fear of what the future might bring disappeared. I thanked her in my heart, and moved on.(一种永恒的平静感在我心中流淌，对未来可能带来的一切恐惧都消失了。我在心里感谢了她，然后继续前行。)”可知，作者看到老妇人的时候，自己内心感到永恒的平静，对未来的恐惧也消失了，他此时对老妇人心怀感激。故选D。
45．细节理解题。作者在倒数第二段讲述了自己的感悟，根据本段中的“As I reached home, I was filled with great thanks and hope for life, which took me a long time to find. Actually, happiness could be simple and easy.(当我回到家时，我对生活充满了感激和希望，这是我花了很长时间才找到的。事实上，幸福可以是简单而容易的。)”可知，作者重新对生活充满了感激和希望，意识到了幸福可以简单而容易。故选C。
46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物在有压力的情况下会说话，它们的声音可以被动物听到。这项研究可能会导致更有效的农业和更好的环境保护。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.(把植物放在一个隔音室里，用两个麦克风录音。一些植物需要浇水，另一些被切割，而对照组则完好无损。研究人员使用一种人工智能算法来分离声音，成功地识别出声音之间的差异，这取决于它们是干燥的还是被割的。)”可推断，作者在第二段详细描述了实验的过程。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段“If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation(灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. (如果农民能够直接从他们的作物中获得准确的信息，他们就可以开始一种更有效的护理方法。研究认为，更合理的灌溉可以节省高达50%的水成本，并大大改善产品。)”可知，研究人员的发现可能有助于农民照顾好他们的作物。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段“Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example. (虽然这还有待证实，但有可能这些动物利用这些信息来为自己谋利，比如选择吃哪种植物。)”可知，一些动物可能利用植物发出的声音来选择食物。故选D。
49．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations. (由特拉维夫大学的科学家Lilach Hadany教授领导的一个研究小组进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物会说话，尤其是在某些压力大的情况下。)”、第二段“The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut. (研究人员使用一种人工智能算法来分离声音，成功地识别出声音之间的差异，这取决于它们是干燥的还是被割的。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了植物在有压力的情况下会说话，它们的声音可以被动物听到。这项研究可能会导致更有效的农业和更好的环境保护。所以“Plants talk, and now we are listening.(植物会说话，现在我们在听。)”故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据第一段“A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations. (由特拉维夫大学的科学家Lilach Hadany教授领导的一个研究小组进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物会说话，尤其是在某些压力大的情况下。)”及全文可推断，作者的目的是介绍一项科学发现。故选C。

天津市河北区2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题
31．A 32．D 33．D 34．A 35．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了CHI的学年计划（AYP）的相关内容。
31．细节理解题。由Application上面内容中的“CHI’s Academic Year Program (AYP) is your chance to study in America and spend either an academic year or a semester living with a volunteer host family. The requirements for studying in America  High school students who are aged 15 to 18 (CHI的学年计划（AYP）是您在美国学习并与志愿者寄宿家庭一起度过一学年或一学期的机会。在美国学习的要求 15至18岁的高中生)”可知，CHI的学年计划针对国际高中生赴美留学。故选A项。
32．细节理解题。由Application上面内容中的“High school students who are aged 15 to 18  A score of at least 212 on the ELTiS exam (15至18岁的高中生 英语教学法考试成绩至少212分)”可知，17岁的高中生，英语教学法考试成绩为212分，可以参与CHI的学年计划。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。由Application中的“Contact a partner agency in your home or a nearby country. We can also send you a list of partners near you. They will set you up with an application and let you know what you need to submit in order to be considered. (请联系您家或附近国家的合作伙伴机构。我们还可以向您发送附近合作伙伴的列表。他们会为你准备一份申请，让你知道你需要提交什么才能被考虑)”可知，学生可以通过联系所在国家或附近国家的合作机构申请该项目。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。由Admission and visa中的“We issue and send your agency the Form DS-2023, which is the official US Department of State document that allows you to apply for and receive your J-1 visa. (我们向您的代理机构签发并发送DS-2023表格，这是美国国务院的官方文件，允许您申请和接收J-1签证)”可知，DS-2023表格允许您申请和接收J-1签证。故选A项。
35．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“When you arrive, we will give you a student orientation and introduce you to other exchange students and the surrounding community. (当你到达时，我们将给你一位新生向导，并将你介绍给其他交换生和周围的社区)”可知，学生抵达美国后将接受一位新生向导。故选B项。
36．C 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．D

【导语】本篇为记叙文，讲述了Jill Bien解救公交车上乘客的英勇事迹。
36．细节理解题。由第一段中的“After an evening of overtime work with her colleagues at the office, Jill Bien, 48, boarded a bus bound for Chicago, where she lived. (48岁的Jill Bien在办公室和同事们加班了一晚后，登上了开往她居住的芝加哥的公交车)”和倒数第二段中的“After an evening of overtime work with her colleagues at the office, Jill Bien, 48, boarded a bus bound for Chicago, where she lived. (事故发生后，当Jill回到家时，她“突然大哭起来”)”可知，Jill Bien加班后坐公共汽车去了她在芝加哥的家。故选C项。
37．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Everyone on the bus was bouncing around; they were lying in the aisle (过道). I thought, I don’t want anybody to get hurt. (车上的每个人都在撞来撞去；他们都躺在过道里。我想，我不想让任何人受伤)”可知，Jill控制了方向盘之后在想乘客的安全。故选C项。
38．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“When Jill returned home after the accident, she “burst out crying” she says. “I kept visualizing (眼前浮现) it.”(事故发生后，当Jill回到家时，她“突然大哭起来”。“我一直在想象它。”)”可知，Jill一直在想象这起事故是因为她仍然担心得害怕。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Kenosha County policeman Dan Ruth, who was at the scene of the accident, told reporters he hadn’t witnessed an act more heroic than Jill’s in his 18 years on the job. “It could have been much, much worse,” he says. (基诺沙县警察丹·鲁斯当时在事故现场，他告诉记者，在他18年的工作生涯中，他从未见过比吉尔更英勇的行为。“情况可能会更糟，”他说)”可知，Dan Ruth认为Jill是勇气和无私的典范。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。由第二段中的““Stop the bus!” Jill yelled to the driver from her seat just behind him. (“停车！”Jill在司机身后的座位上对他喊道)”和全文内容可知，Stop the Bus一语双关，既是Jill事发时对司机说的话，也是Jill后来知道司机昏迷后做出的果断行为，即文章的核心，文章讲主人翁Jill发现问题，不假思索，快速反应，不顾生死控制住汽车，靠边停下，让全车人员得救，D项符合题意。故选D项。
41．B 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项建立海底实验室的计划。
41．推理判断题。由第二段“Mr. Cousteau is the grandson of Jacques Cousteau, an ocean scientist who brought the wonders of the sea to the attention of people around the world. Fabien Cousteau has gone the same way, exploring the sea as a scientist and working to protect the oceans. (库斯托先生是海洋科学家雅克·库斯托的孙子，他将海洋奇观带给了世界各地的人们。法比安·库斯托也走上了同样的道路，作为一名科学家探索海洋，并致力于保护海洋)”可推知，法比安·库斯托成为海洋探险家的可能原因是受到他祖父的影响。故选B项。
42．推理判断题。由第三段“Though the ocean is all around us, studying it is a challenge. Divers are limited in how far down they can go and how long they can stay below. Returning to the surface can be dangerous. After a deep dive, divers must wait for hours before they dive again. (尽管海洋就在我们周围，但研究它是一项挑战。潜水员在往下走多远和在下面呆多久都是有限的。返回水面可能很危险。深潜后，潜水员必须等待数小时才能再次潜水)”和第四段中的“The new undersea laboratory is designed to solve many of those problems. (新的海底实验室旨在解决其中的许多问题)”及“By actually living under the sea, scientists will be able to dive and work for much longer without worrying about the dangers of coming to the surface. (通过实际生活在海底，科学家们将能够潜水和工作更长的时间，而不用担心浮出水面的危险)”可推知，研究海洋有许多危险，新的海底实验室旨在解决这些问题，Cousteau设立Proteus的目的是使研究海洋变得容易一些。故选A项。
43．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Proteus is also expected to have the first underwater greenhouse in the world, so that the lab will be able to grow some of its own food. (Proteus预计还将拥有世界上第一个水下温室，这样实验室就可以自己种植一些食物)”可知，在Proteus里面可以自己种植一些食物（蔬菜）。故选D项。
44．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Mr. Cousteau and Mr. Behar are working together to raise money to build Proteus. They say it’ll cost about $135 million. (库斯托先生和贝哈尔先生正在共同筹集资金来建造Proteus。他们说这将花费大约1.35亿美元。计划要求在加勒比海库拉索岛外海面下18米的海底建造Proteus)”可知，Proteus建造资金需要筹集，预计大约1.35亿美元，Proteus建造成本很高。故选B项。
45．主旨大意题。由第一段“Fabien Cousteau, an ocean explorer, has announced plans to build a large research station under the ocean. The goal of the project is to become an “underwater version of the International Space Station (ISS)”. (海洋探险家法比安·库斯托宣布计划在海底建造一个大型研究站。该项目的目标是成为“国际空间站的水下版本”)”和全文内容可知，海洋探险家Fabien Cousteau宣布计划在海底建造一个大型研究站，该项目的目标是成为“国际空间站的水下版本”。由此可知，本文旨在介绍一项建立海底研究站的计划。故选D项。

天津市河西区2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题
31．A 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为想学一门语言的人推荐了一些语言学习软件。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some people learn a foreign language because they want to communicate with the local people. Some other people are just curious about foreign cultures. (有些人学习一门外语是因为他们想和当地人交流。还有一些人只是对外国文化好奇。)”可知，不同的人学习一门语言有不同的目的。故选A项。
32．细节理解题。根据Tell Me More部分中“However, the software does not come cheap as it costs around $250. (然而，这款软件并不便宜，售价约为250美元。)”、Talk Now!部分中“This software will cost you around $40 (这个软件将花费你大约40美元)”、Instant Immersion部分中“It will cost you around $30 (大约要30美元)”和Kid Speak部分中“it will cost you around $30 (大约要30美元)”可知，Tell Me More的缺点是售价比其他的贵得多。故选C项。
33．细节理解题。根据Talk Now!部分中“The disadvantages are that there is very little focus on grammar and there is a clear lack of interactive activities (缺乏互动性活动) for users so it does not result in fluency. (缺点是很少关注语法，并且明显缺乏互动性活动，所以它不会带来流利。)”可知，这款软件的用户将很难提高他们的流利程度，因为它没有提供互动活动。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据Instant Immersion部分中“The learning courses are highly interactive, and the ever present speech recognition feature ensures that you are getting the pronunciation right when you speak. (学习课程是高度互动的，并且始终存在的语音识别功能确保您在说话时获得正确的发音。)”可知，这款软件适合发音不好的用户。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Whatever your reason may be, the best foreign language software around will certainly help you pick up the language in a few weeks. (不管你的原因是什么，最好的外语软件肯定会帮助你在几周内学会这门语言。)”可推知，文章的写作目的是给想学一门语言的读者介绍一些语言学习软件。故选A项。
36．B 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和Jenny之间意想不到的友谊故事，第一次见到Jenny的时候，作者就想成为她的学生。在她的影响下，作者成为了一名教师，多年来两人一直保持亲密的联系。
36．标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己和Jenny之间意想不到的友谊故事，第一次见到Jenny的时候，作者就想成为她的学生。在她的影响下，作者成为了一名教师，多年来两人一直保持亲密的联系。因此，B项“意想不到的友谊”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。故选B项。
37．短语猜测题。根据第三段中“She arrived one day, and I saw joy on my students’ faces singing the same songs I sang with her as a child. As a new teacher, I marveled at how she connected with children. (有一天她来了，我看到我的学生们脸上洋溢着喜悦，唱着我小时候和她一起唱的歌。作为一名新老师，我对她与孩子们相处的方式……。)”可知，Jenny和作者的学生相处的时候，让他们唱着作者小时候唱的歌，让他们非常快乐。由此推知，作者会对这种相处方式感到惊讶，marveled at应该表示“对……感到惊讶”。故选A项。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For as long as I can remember, I’ve wanted to be a teacher. When I graduated, I couldn’t wait to invite Jenny to my classroom. (从我记事起，我就一直想成为一名教师。当我毕业的时候，我迫不及待地邀请Jenny到我的教室。)”可知，作者毕业后成为了一名教师。故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Educators know teaching is a profession devoted to the development of young individuals. The lucky ones get to see what their students have done with their lives. The exceptional ones never leave their students’ hearts. (教育工作者知道教学是一项致力于年轻个体发展的职业。幸运的人可以看到他们的学生用他们的生活做了什么。优秀的老师永远不会离开学生的心。)”可知，教师致力于年轻个体的发展，对学生的生活和心灵产生深刻的影响。因此，教师在学生的发展中发挥着重要作用。故选A项。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I listen intently because I know I still have more to learn from her. (我专心地听着，因为我知道我还有很多东西要向她学习。)”和最后一段中“The exceptional ones never leave their students’ hearts. (优秀的老师永远不会离开学生的心。)”可知，D项“作者从Jenny身上学到很多”与文章内容相符。故选D项。


41．D 42．B 43．B 44．B 45．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近在华盛顿特区举行的未来城市竞赛中，来自世界各地的学生团队想出了在未来的自然灾害中，城市将如何利用技术来维持电力的方法。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段“How will cities use technology to maintain(维持) power during natural disasters in the future? Some smart middle school students are already thinking about this question.(在未来的自然灾害中，城市将如何利用技术来维持电力？一些聪明的中学生已经在思考这个问题了)”可推知，比赛是技术性的。故选D。
42．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Instead of using popular technologies like flying cars and AI, the students from Justice Page Middle School took a more simple”可知，上文提到了飞行汽车和人工智能等流行技术方式，这些学生没有采用这种方法，而是采用了更简单的方法来解决这个问题。由此可知，划线词意思是“方法”。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据第四段“In their project, they covered roofs in the city with solar panels(太阳能电池板), which can produce and store power. When a power failure happens, the stored power can be sent to different neighborhoods.(在他们的项目中，他们在城市的屋顶上覆盖了太阳能电池板，可以产生和储存电力。当发生电力故障时，储存的电力可以被送到不同的社区)”可推知，第4段是为了展示学生的项目是如何进行的。故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They spent weeks developing their ideas and building a model to show them.( 他们花了几个星期的时间来发展他们的想法，并建立一个模型来展示它们)”以及倒数第二段“The students brought their model to life with 3D printing technology. They printed the parts they needed. To make the model more real, they made a base out of wood and grass. The model has lights and even a small train that travels back and forth.(学生们用3D打印技术将他们的模型变为现实。他们打印出他们需要的部件。为了使模型更真实，他们用木头和草做了一个底座。这个模型有灯，甚至还有一列来回行驶的小火车)”可知，Justice Page Middle School为他们的项目付出了巨大的努力。故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One competitor of the team, Ryan Rowell, 13, said he thought it was cool to think about things that he hadn’t considered before. He also saw how other teams advertise their models and interesting ideas. He said he wanted to keep learning about engineering.(该队的一名选手，13岁的Ryan Rowell说，他觉得思考以前没有考虑过的事情很酷。他还看到了其他团队如何宣传他们的模型和有趣的想法。他说他想继续学习工程学)”可知，Ryan Rowell在比赛中学到了很多东西。故选A。

天津市部分区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末练习英语试题
36．C 37．C 38．D 39．D 40．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要提供了几则广告，第一则广告：求职；第二则广告：招聘；第三则广告：寻找一个室友合租；第四则广告：出租公寓。
36．细节理解题。根据JOB WANTED部分中“I’m Black, a 25 young man living in Shanghai and looking for a job in a variety of fields,...If you have any job that you think I could do, please do not hesitate to contact me. Backer1896@126. com (我叫布莱克，25岁，住在上海，正在各个领域找工作……如果你有任何你认为我可以做的工作，请毫不犹豫地与我联系。Backer1896@126.com)”可知，布莱克想找各种工作，所以如果您有线上工作，您可以联系Backer1896@126. com。故选C。
37．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“We are looking for native English teachers who can teach the following subjects to our students who are planning to study abroad.  (我们正在寻找英语为母语的教师谁可以教下列科目，我们的学生谁是计划出国留学。)”和划线单词下文“should meet the following requirements (应满足以下要求)”以及下文的各种要求可知，我们正在寻找适合的老师，即雇员，由此可知，划线单词incumbent意为“雇员”。A. Businessman.商人；B. Student.学生；C. Employee.雇员；D. Interviewer.采访者。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据JOB OFFERED部分“We are looking for native English teachers who can teach the following subjects to our students who are planning to study abroad.  (我们正在寻找母语为英语的老师，他们可以教我们计划出国留学的学生以下科目。)”以及“Experienced in teaching either mathematics, physics or business (有数学、物理或商务教学经验)”可知，要在EL公司工作，你必须是以英语为母语的物理老师。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据SHARE部分“I’m Margaret, looking for a person with a positive attitude to life to share the bedroom in a wonderfully-located apartment. (我是Margaret，正在寻找一个对生活持积极态度的人，在一个位置优越的公寓里共享卧室。)”可知，玛格丽特正在找室友。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据FOR RENT部分“Facilities: gym, tennis court, indoor swimming pool, children’s playground. (设施：健身房、网球场、室内游泳池、儿童游乐场)”可知，如果你租的是南京西路附近的公寓，你可以在健身房锻炼。故选B。
41．D 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述为了庆祝结婚四十周年，作者和妻子进行了一场旅行，在途中遇到一位骑摩托者，他原本是想帮他们拍照，但是他耿直的态度和脏乱的外表让作者误以为他要抢劫，作者写这篇文章为了感谢他并且告诉我们不能以貌取人。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段“Our gift to each other was a driving trip out west.(我们给对方的礼物是开车去西部旅行。)”可知，这次旅行是作者和妻子给对方的结婚纪念日礼物。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many wonderful friends from the past surprised us with presents and congratulations.(许多过去的好朋友送我们礼物和祝贺，让我们惊喜。)”可知，在作者和他的妻子结婚周年纪念日，老朋友们带着礼物和祝福给他们带来了惊喜。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“I must admit I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories.(我必须承认，我很紧张，因为我们刚刚创造了一些美好的回忆，可能会被抢劫。)”可知，当摩托车手主动提出拍照时，作者很紧张，因为他可能把带着记忆的相机弄丢了。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据全文内容和最后一段“I learned my lesson somewhere I least expected it. We should never judge a man by his appearance.(我在最意想不到的地方吸取了教训。我们决不能以貌取人。)”可知，作者因为骑摩托者脏乱的外表和直接的态度怀疑他是抢劫者，可事实证明他只是好心想要帮助他们拍照，作者通过这件事告诉我们不能以貌取人。故选B。
45．推理判断题。根据第三段“As he approached us, his only words were, “Give me your camera and get over there with your wife.” I must admit I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories. Surprisingly, he just took a picture of us, handed back my camera and rode off before we could express our gratitude.(当他走近我们时，他只说了一句话：“把你的相机给我，和你妻子一起过去。”我必须承认，我很紧张，因为我们刚刚创造了一些美好的回忆，我们可能会被抢劫。出人意料的是，他给我们拍了张照片，还没来得及表达我们的感激之情，他就把我的相机还给了我们，然后骑车走了。)”可知，这位骑摩托车的人和作者素不相识，可他却直接走过来让作者把相机给他，让作者误以为被抢劫，可结果证明他是好心，只是想要帮作者和妻子拍照，所以可以推断，这位骑摩托车的人是耿直且善良的。故选A。
46．C 47．B 48．B 49．D 50．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个世界交换生项目，并举例说明其中两个交换生的交换生活情况。
46．推理判断题。根据第一段中“They will attend US schools, meet US teenagers, and form impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new language and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.(他们将进入美国的学校，与美国的青少年见面，形成对真正的美国的印象。与此同时，大约1300名美国青少年将前往其他国家学习新的语言，并对世界其他地方有新的了解。)”可知，这个世界交换项目的主要目的是为了让学生真正学到其他国家的一些东西。故选C项。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study, the language began to come to him. Schools were completely different from what he had expected—much harder.( Fred是一个活泼的年轻人，刚来的时候几乎不懂德语，但经过两个月的学习，他开始熟悉德语了。学校与他所期望的完全不同——要困难得多。)”以及第六段中“At the same time, In America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. ‘I suppose I should criticize American schools,’ he says, ‘It is far too easy by our level. (与此同时，在美国，一个友善的德国男孩Mike也在形成他的想法。‘我想我应该批评美国的学校，’他说，‘以我们的水平来看，这太容易了。)”可知，Fred和Mike都认为，与美国学校相比，德国学校的学习难度更大。故选B项。
48．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities.(在德国，我们除了学习什么都不做。在这里，我们参加许多课外活动。)”可知，美国学校的特别之处是有很多课外活动。故选B项。
49．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Schools were completely different from what he had expected—much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States.(学校与他所期望的完全不同——要困难得多。当老师走进房间时，学生们恭敬地起立。他们选了14门科目，而不是美国通常的6门。)”可知，经历了德国的学校生活后，Fred认为美国学校的学习生活对学生来说更轻松。故选D项。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段Mike所说的“There ought to be some middle ground between the two countries.(这两个国家之间应该有一些中间地带。)”可知，Mike认为一种更好的教育应该包含美国教育和德国教育两者的优点，把二者的优点结合在一起。故选A项。

天津市南开区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
26~30. DBACC
这篇短文主要介绍了四个欧洲伟大的城市：巴黎、巴塞罗那、佛罗伦萨和雅典。
【解析】
(26)细节理解题。根据PARIS部分One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. (世界上最大的艺术画廊之一卢浮宫也位于巴黎。这座城市也以其餐馆、咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。)可知巴黎以其艺术画廊、餐馆、咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。故选D。
(27)细节理解题。根据BARCELONA部分Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. (巴塞罗那是西班牙第二大城市，位于西班牙首都马德里以东约500公里的东北海岸。)可知巴塞罗那在马德里的东边。故选B。
(28)细节理解题。根据第三段Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance(文艺复兴), a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. (佛罗伦萨是一座因文艺复兴而闻名的意大利城市，文艺复兴是一场始于14世纪并持续了300年的伟大艺术运动。)
可知我们可以从第三段中学到佛罗伦萨因文艺复兴而闻名。故选A。
(29)细节理解题。根据第四段Buildings such as the Parthenon(帕特农神庙)on the Acropolis(雅典卫城) Hill were built during this period. (雅典卫城山上的帕特农神庙等建筑就是在这一时期建造的。)可知根据第4段，雅典是伟大建筑的发源地。故选C。
(30)文章出处题。阅读全文可知这篇短文主要介绍了四个欧洲伟大的城市：巴黎、巴塞罗那、佛罗伦萨和雅典，以及各自的特色，所以会出现在旅游手册中。故选C。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
31~35 CCCCB
这篇短文主要讲述了一个父亲和儿子之间的对话。儿子问父亲他每小时赚多少钱，父亲生气地回答了这个问题。随后，儿子请求借30美元，父亲生气地拒绝了他。父亲后来意识到自己的错误，并向儿子道歉并给了他30美元。儿子告诉父亲他已经有了50美元，并请求父亲明天早点回家和他一起吃晚饭。父亲感到震惊。
【解析】(31)细节理解题。根据第一段Father was a little upset and said, "That's none of your business. Why do you ask such a thing?"(父亲有点不高兴，说："那不关你的事，你为什么要问这样的事?")可知，父亲对儿子的问题最初的反应是生气。故选C。
(32)推理判断题。根据第二段if the only reason you asked about my pay is so that you can borrow some money to buy a silly toy or other nonsense, then march yourself to your room and go to bed. (如果你问我工资的唯一原因是为了借点钱买一个愚蠢的玩具或其他无聊的东西，那么你就去你的房间睡觉吧。)可知，当儿子向他要钱时，这位父亲认为儿子想买一些他喜欢的东西。故选C。
(33)推理判断题。根据第三段After about an hour or so, the man had calmed down and started to think, "Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $30 and he really didn't ask for money very often!"(大约一个小时后，这名男子平静下来，开始思考："也许他真的需要用那30美元买点什么，而且他真的不经常要钱!")可知，父亲去儿子房间的目的是找出儿子要钱的原因。故选C。
(34)细节理解题。根据最后一段Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you. (我能帮你争取一个小时的时间吗?请明天早点回家。我想和你一起吃晚饭。)可知，儿子需要钱，因为他想让父亲有更多的时间陪伴他。故选C。
(35)词义猜测题。根据最后一段. "Daddy I have $50 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you. " Father was dumbstruck. ("爸
Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you. " Father was dumbstruck. ("爸爸，我现在有50美元。我能请你抽出一个小时的时间吗?请明天早点回家。我想和你一起吃晚饭。"父亲目瞪口呆。)可知，儿子用钱买爸爸多陪他一点时间，爸爸感到惊讶。A. Frightened害怕的；B. Astonished惊讶的；C. Grateful感激的；D. Bitter痛苦的。故选B。
36-40 ADCCA
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个世纪以来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家的主要灾难，科学家们尝试了很多方法来解决这个问题，在中国，一场大规模的运动已经开始帮助解决这个问题。
【解析】
(36)写作目的题。根据第一段Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. (几个世纪以来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家的主要灾害。科学家们已经尝试了许多方法来解决这个问题，在中国，一场大规模的运动已经开始帮助解决这个问题。)可知，该段提到了沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家的主要灾害，中国作为一个亚洲大国已经开始着手帮助解决这个问题。所以该段的写作目的只是为了引出话题。故选A。
(37)推理判断题。根据第二段中Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. "To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience, " he said. "There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand. "(来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历的一次可怕的沙尘暴。"遭遇沙尘暴是一次可怕的经历，"他说。"没有什么可做的。这是我经历过的最可怕、最危险的情况。你只能希望自己能活下来。我以为我会消失在沙子下面。")可知，遭遇沙尘暴是非常恐怖的，没有什么办法可以自救。由此推断，人很难在沙尘暴中生存。故选D。
(38)推理判断题。根据第三段中Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of 'desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass. (近年来，由于"沙漠化", 中国的沙尘暴似乎有所增加。这是由于气候变化和人们砍伐树木、挖草而导致土地变成沙漠的过程。)可知，气候变化并非是沙漠化的唯一原因，故D项"气候变化是沙漠化的唯一原因"错误；根据第四段中The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. (沙尘暴有时会持续一整天，交通行驶非常缓慢，因为厚厚的灰尘很难看清。)可知，沙尘暴持续的时间并不短，故A项"沙尘暴总是会持续很短的时间"错误；沙尘暴会影响人们的视线，从而导致交通缓慢，故B项"沙尘暴有时会造成交通堵塞"表述有误；根据第四段Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. (沙尘暴有时会影响北京)可知，北京有时会受到沙尘暴的侵袭，由此推断，北京应该是中亚沙尘暴中心的一部分。故选C。
(39)细节理解题。根据第五段中When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. HuangXiaomei, who lives in Beijing says. "To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask. "(当沙尘暴到达城市时，气象专家建议人们不要外出。住在北京的黄晓梅说。"在沙尘暴中骑车很可怕。风很大。呼吸困难，灰尘使我生病。所以如果你想出去，你最好戴上口罩。")可知，当沙尘暴来临时最好不要外出，外出不要骑车，还要戴上口罩。故选C。
(40)标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了几个世纪以来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家的主要灾难，科学家们尝试了很多方法来解决这个问题，在中国，一场大规模的运动已经开始帮助解决这个问题。A选项"亚洲的沙尘暴"突出了文章中心，适合作本文标题。故选A。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
41~46. ADBDC
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Jane Goodall博士创立公益组织"根与芽"的背景和目的。
【解析】
(41)句意理解题。根据第一段How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road? And anyway, no one will know, " Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves:"It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows. "(如果我让一个小水龙头开着，一盏灯亮着，或者在路上留下一小块垃圾，这又有什么关系呢?无论如何，没有人会知道，"当然，如果世界上只有几个人也没关系。但想想数百万人对自己说："这没关系。只有我。而且，不管怎样，没有人知道。")可知，划线句意思是：我可以做任何我喜欢的事，没有人知道。故选A。
(42)细节理解题。根据第二段she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection, the whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from preschoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature(她一直全心全意地致力于环境保护，根与芽的全部目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，让他们能够帮助建设一个安全的未来，与自然和平相处)可知，Jane Goodall博士的最终目标是引导年轻人创造一个与自然和谐相处的未来。故选D。
(43)细节理解题。根据第二段The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. (根和芽是你，你的朋友和世界各地的年轻人。)可知，简·古德博士认为，年轻人是幼苗。故选B。
(44)观点态度题。根据最后一段Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that:"Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference. (JaneGoodall博士认为，最重要的是："每个人都很重要。每个人都有自己的角色。每个人会有所作为。")可知，Jane Goodall博士对个人角色的态度是令人鼓舞的。A. Wait-and-see观望的；B. Skeptical怀疑的；C. Admiring令人敬佩的；D. Encouraging令人鼓舞的。故选D。
(45)写作意图题。根据最后一段Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart? Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent. (你想让根与芽植根于每个人的心中吗?你想成为一个命运共同体的一部分吗?你不能缺席。)可知，这篇文章的目的是号召年轻人加入根与芽。故选C。