人教版中考英语一轮复习语法必考点讲练---动词时态和语态

这是一份人教版中考英语一轮复习语法必考点讲练---动词时态和语态，共18页。试卷主要包含了 一般现在时的构成，一般现在时的用法，我去过海南岛两次了等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考一轮复习语法必考点---动词时态和语态
精讲

一．一般现在时
1. 一般现在时的构成
肯定式：①主语＋be(am/is/are). . .
②主语＋实义动词原形／第三人称单数形式 .
否定式：①主语＋be(am/is/are)+not. . .
②主语＋don't/doesn't+实义动词原形 .

拓展：
1）如何变疑问式
①将be(am/is/are)置于主语之前，即Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语 . . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(am/is/are).
否定回答：No,主语＋be(am/is/are)+not.
②将助动词do/does置于主语之前，实义动词变为原形，即Do/Does+主语＋实义动词原形. ?肯定回答：Yes,主语＋do/does.
否定回答：No,主语＋do/does+not.

2） 如何变否定疑问式
将否定词not置于疑问式中的be(am/is/are)或助动词do/does之后，即Be(Am/Is/Are)+not+主语 . ?或Do/Does+not+主语＋实义动词原形 . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(am/is/are)/do/does.
否定回答：No,主语＋be(am/is/are)/do/does+not.

在回答否定疑问式时须注意：
若事实是肯定的，用yes回答，但要翻译成“不”；
若事实是否定的，就用 no来回答，但要翻译成“是的”

3） be动词的用法
我用am,你用are,is连着他她它。
单数名词用is,复数名词全用 are
变否定，很容易，be后not莫忘记。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑

4） 实义动词的用法
不可数名词和可数名词单数用第三人称单数，复数名词用原形。
Do和Does常借用，否定疑问均需它

2.一般现在时的用法
1）表示经常、反复发生或习惯性动作
2）表示主语具备的性格、特征或能力
3）表示现阶段的状态
4）表示客观真理或普遍事实
5）根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，常用动词有：
begin、start、open、close、arrive、stop、go、come、leave、buy等
6）用于时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时

拓展：常用于一般现在时的标志词
①频度副词：never(0%)， hardly ，seldom， sometimes， often，usually， always (100%)
②频率词组：once a week,twice a month,four times a year. . .
③其他词组：on Monday,in the morning,at night,every day/month. . . (every 系列）

二．一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
肯定式：①主语＋was/were. . .
②主语＋实义动词的过去式 .
否定式：①主语＋was/were+not. . .
②主语＋didn't+实义动词原形.

拓展：1）如何变疑问式
①将be(was/were)置于主语之前，即Be(Was/Were)+主语 . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(was/were).
否定回答：No,主语＋be(was/were)+not.
②将助动词did置于主语之前，实义动词变为原形，即Did+主语＋实义动词原形. ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋did.
否定回答：No,主语＋didn't.

2） 如何变否定疑问式
将否定词not置于疑问式中的be(was/were)或助动词did之后，即Be(Was/Were)+not+主语 . ?或Did+not+主语＋实义动词原形... ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(was/were)/did.
否定回答：No,主语＋be(was/were)/did+not.

2. 一般过去时的用法
1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态
2)叙述发生在过去，但无过去具体时间的动作或存在的状态；可通过上下文来表明过去的含义
3)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，可与频度副词连用；也可用“used to+动词原形”来表达
4)表示过去说话时还未发生的动作，多用在时间、条件状语从句中

拓展：常用于一般过去时的标志词
①yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now. . .
②last+时间：last week,last month,last year...
③时间段＋ago:three days ago,five years ago. . .
④in+过去时间词：in 2007,in 2017...
三．一般将来时

1.一般将来时的构成
肯定式：①主语＋will/shall+动词原形 .
②主语＋be(am/is/are)going to+动词原形 .
否定式：①主语＋will/shall+not+动词原形 .
②主语＋be(am/is/are) not goingto+动词原形 .

拓展：1）will 和shall的区别
will 和shall作为助动词，可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时：
shall多用于第一人称，
will多用于第二、三人称。
2）如何变疑问式
①将will/shall置于主语之前，即Will/Shall+主语＋动词原形 . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋will/shall.
否定回答：No,主语＋will/shall+not
②将be(am/is/are)置于主语之前，即Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语＋going to+动词原形 . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(am/is/are)
否定回答：No,主语＋be(am/is/are)+not.
3) 如何变否定疑问式
将否定词not置于疑问式中的will/shall或be(am/is/are)之后，即Will/Shall+not+主语＋动词原形... ?或Be(Am/Is/Are)+not+主语＋going to+动词原形．．．？
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋will/shall/be(am/is/are).
否定回答：No,主语＋will/shall/be(am/is/are)+not.

2.一般将来时的用法

1)表示将来发生的动作、情况或临时决定要做的事【用will/shall+动词原形】
2)表示主观上计划、打算做的事或有客观迹象表明要发生的事【用be going to+动词原形】
3)用于“祈使句＋and/or+含一般将来时的句子”的句型中
4)用于含时间或条件状语从句的主句中

拓展：
1） 其他表示将来时的结构
①be(am/is/are)about to+动词原形，
表示客观上马上要发生的事，不与具体时间状语连用，
如：Your train is about to leave. 你的火车就要开了。
②be(am/is/are)to+动词原形，
表示按约定、职责或义务必须要做的事，
如：They are to meet at the gate of the cinema. 他们将在电影院门口会合。
③下列动词begin、start、open、close、arrive、stop、go、come、leave、buy用一般现在时或现在进行时表一般将来时，
④用于时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
2) 常用于一般将来时的标志词
① tomorrow,the day after tomorrow. . .
②in+时间段／将来的时间词：in two days,in a week,in 2030...
③其他：in the future,one day,someday. . .
④next+时间：next week,next month,next year. . .

四．现在进行时
1.现在进行时的构成
肯定式：主语＋be(am/is/are)+现在分词 .
否定式：主语＋be(am/is/are)+not+现在分词 .

拓展：1）如何变疑问式
将be(am/is/are)置于主语之前，即Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语＋现在分词. ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(am/is/are).
否定回答：No,主语＋be(am/is/are)+not.
2） 如何变否定疑问式
将否定词not置于疑问式中的be(am/is/are)之后，即Be(Am/Is/Are)+not+主语＋现在分词 . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(am/is/are).
否定回答：No,主语＋be(am/is/are)+not.

2.现在进行时的用法
1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作
2)表示现阶段正在进行的过程，具体动作说话时未必正在进行
3)表示按计划即将要发生的动作，常用动词有：begin、start、open、go、close、arrive、stop、come、leave、buy等
4)表示经常性发生的动作，带有说话人不满或赞扬等感情色彩；常与副词always等连用

拓展：
1） 以here或there开头的句子，即使与listen等连用，也不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时，
如：Look! Here comes the school bus. 看！校车来了。
2)有些表示感觉，情感等的动词不用进行时，常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作
常用动词有：know,understand,love、like,hate、feel、wish、want、hear、see、remember,forget等，
如：He doesn't understand me. 他不理解我。
3)常用于现在进行时的标志词
①now,right now. . .②these days,these years,this week. . .③ when,while. . .
④ at this time,at present, at the/this moment. .⑤ Look, Listen, Watch out. . . (其后通常会有感叹号）

五．过去进行时
1.过去进行时的构成
肯定式：主语＋be(was/were)+现在分词 .
否定式：主语＋be(was/were)+not+现在分词 .
拓展：
1） 如何变疑问式
将be(was/were)置于主语之前，即Be(Was/Were)+主语＋现在分词. ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(was/were).
否定回答：No,主语＋be(was/were)+not.
2）如何变否定疑问式
将否定词not置于疑问式中的be(was/were)之后，即Be(Was/Were)+not+主语＋现在分词... ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋be(was/were).
否定回答：No,主语＋be(was/were)+not.

2.过去进行时的用法
1)表示过去某个时间点（段）正发生的事：时间点可为确切的过去时间状语，也可由上下文语境暗示
2)表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，或表示两个过去的动作同时进行，常用于when/while引导的时间状语从句中

拓展：
常用于过去进行时的标志词
①then. . .② at that time, at this time yesterday,at ten last night. . .
③when/while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句（前后主语一致时，可省略主语和助动词）

六．现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成
肯定式:主语＋have/has+过去分词.
否定式:主语＋have/has+not+过去分词 .

拓展：1）如何变疑问式
将have/has置于主语之前，即Have/Has+主语＋过去分词 . ?
肯定回答：Yes,主语＋have/has.
否定回答：No,主语＋have/has+not.
2）如何变否定疑问式
将否定词not置于疑问式中的have/has之后，即Have/Has+not+主语＋过去分词 . ?肯定回答：Yes,主语＋have/has.
否定回答：No,主语＋have/has+not.

2.现在完成时的用法
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果；侧重于动作不再继续
2)表示开始于过去，持续到现在，可能还要继续的动作或状态

拓展：
1） 常用于现在完成时的标志词
① since+时间点：since 2000...
② for+时间段：for two years...
③already, yet, never, ever, just, before, recenlly,lately, so far, up to now,until/till now. .

2)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，能和表示过去的时间状语连用，
如：He has lived here since 1993.
1993年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里。）
He lived here in 1993.
1993年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。）

3)延续性动词与非延续性动词
英语中，表示持续动作或状态的动词多为延续性动词，
有些非延续性动词（词组）用于完成时的肯定结构时，须将其转换为相应的延续性动词（词组），
常见的非延续性动词（词组）及其转换词（组）分类如下：
①非延续性动词转换为延续性动词
borrow→keep buy→have arrive→be
②非延续性动词转换为延续性动词词组
begin/start→be on die→be dead close→be closed
open→be open stop→be over marry→be married
leave→be away from join→be in go to bed→be in bed

七．被动语态
英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之同的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态，
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，其构成主要体现在谓语动词的时态变化上
被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。

1.被动语态的构成
一般现在时:主语＋am/is/are+过去分词＋（by. . . )
一般过去时:主语＋was/were+过去分词＋（by. . . )
一般将来时:主语＋will/shall be+过去分词＋（by. . . )
现在进行时:主语＋am/is/are being+过去分词＋（by. . . )
过去进行时:主语＋was/were being+过去分词＋（by. . . )
现在完成时:主语＋have/has been+过去分词＋（by. . . )
含情态动词:主语＋情态动词＋be+过去分词＋（by. . . )

2.被动语态的用法
1)强调动作的承受者
2)不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
3)被动语态也常用于一些固定句型：
①It's said that. . . 据说·. . . . . .
②It's believed that. . . 人们认为 . . . . . .
③ It's reported that. . . 据报道. . . . . .
④It's known that. . . 众所周知·. . . . . .

3.主动语态与被动语态的转换规则
结构
语态
举例
主＋谓＋宾
主动语态
People drink Chinese tea all over the world.

Chinese tea is drunk by people all over the world.
被动语态
主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
主动语态
His teacher gave Sam a list of books to read.

Sam was given a list of books to read by his teacher.
被动语态
主动语态
His teacher gave Sam a list of books to read.

A list of books was given to Sam to read by his teacher.
被动语态
主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
主动语态
I told her to wait for you.

She was told to wait for you by me.
被动语态

拓展：
1） 有些（短语）动词不能用于被动语态，常见的有：
take place(发生：出现）、happen(发生）等
2） 有些动词是主动形式表被动意义，表示主语的特征、状态。
常见的有：sell(出售，销售，卖）、wear(穿：戴）、read(读，阅读）、write(写作：写字）、wash(洗）、lock(锁上，锁住）等
3）在see、watch、hear、feel等感官动词和make、have、let等使役动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但在被动语态中，不定式的to要还原

精练
一． 完成句子
1.Li Lin listens to English on the radio every day.(改为否定句）
Li Lin______________to English on the radio every day.
2. 好好休息一下，你的眼睛会好很多。
Your eyes will be much better after you______a good________.
3. It snowed heavily last night, so a car_________（hit) a tree by accident a moment ago.
4. We will_________ (attend) the junior high graduation ceremony tomorrow. It is a very special time for us.
5.She will go climbing with me next week.(改为否定句）
She__________go climbing with me next week.
6. We're going to do an English course in Britain next week, so we________ (get) things ready now.
7. Mark is watching TV now.(改为否定句）
Mark_______________TV now.
8. -Did you see the headmaster in the hall this morning?
－Yes. He with some teachers____________（wait) for the exchange students then.
9. The girl expected all her classmates_________ (come) to her party.
10. He looks excited because he _____________(solve) the problem already.
11. She_____________（study) English in the school since she left her hometown.
12. Tom has been to the US before.(改为否定句）
Tom______________to the US before.
13.她参军已经快十年了。
She________________in the army for almost 10 years.
14.我去过海南岛两次了。
I_____________Hainan Island twice.
15. English____________ (speak) all over the world.
16.那家工厂五年前关闭了。
That factory________________five years ago.
17. You'll be p____________if you break the traffic rules.
18.青少年应该被允许选择自己的爱好。
_____________should be___________to choose their own hobbies.
19. A middle school student invented a new robot last term.(改为被动语态）
A new robot______________by a middle school student last term.
20.It's_________(据说）that many babies have died from melamine (三聚氰胺）in milk powder.

二．单项选择
1. -Peter, ______your cousin good at science?
－Yes, it is. He often helps me with my science.
A.do B.does C.are D.is
2. Our physics teacher told us light________faster than sound.
A.travels B.traveled C.traveling D.to travel
3. The shop________at 8: 00 a.m. and it________for ten hours every day.
A.opens;is open B.is opened;opens C. is open; has opened D.opened;opens
4. If it___________ sunny tomorrow, I will go shopping with my friend in the supermarket.
A.will be B.be C.is D.was
5. Several jourmalists_______the lawyer about the international case an hour ago.
A.interview B.interviewed C.will interview D.had interviewed
6. Sue wasn't happy because she_______the concert given by her favorite singer.
A.misses B.missed C.will miss D.is missing
7. -Look at my new smart phone.
－Wow,it's so cool! When and where _____you______it?
A.do;buy B.have; bought C.did;buy D.have;had
8. -There is someone knocking at the door.
－It must be the computer repairman. I______him to come to fix my computer.
A. call B. have called C.called D.will call
9. -Excuse me,what time does Flight BA 2793 leave?
－Just a minute. I_____it for you.
A. check B.checked C.will check D.have checked
10. Look on the bright side of life,and imagine that you_____a happy and successful future.
A.had B.will have C.have D.have had
11. We_________for a picnic if it_______rain this Sunday.
A.will go; doesn't B.will go; won't C.go;doesn't
12. -Lily, where is my dog?
－Look! It________under the bed.
A.slept B.was sleeping C.is sleeping D.will sleep
13. New media,like WeChat,_______the way of communications nowadays.
A.are changing B.will change C.changed D.were changing
14. Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain,but all the happiness happens while you______it.
A.climb B.climbed C.are climbing D.have climbed
15. We＿______TV from seven to nine last night.
A.were watching B.will watch C.watched D.watch
16. -Where were Bill and David when the teacher came in?
－They_______in the hallway.
A.are taking B. have talked C.were talking D.talk
17. -What's the matter, Jack?
.－I______down while I_____on the ice. I got hurt badly
A. was falling;skated B.fell;was skating
C.fell;skated D.was falling;was skating
18. Tim told us that his company______robots to do some of the work.
A.uses B.will use C.has used D.would use
19. Our team______another point! I am sure we'll win the game.
A.will get B.has got C.is getting D.was getting
20. Last year our class set up Reading Corner. So far, we______more than 200 books.
A.were reading B.have read C.will read
21. I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it _______a lot over the years.
A.changed B.changes C.will change D.has changed
22. Betty_____＿hard since last term. That's why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B.will work C.worked D.was working
23. -Have you read this book.
－Yes. I______it two weeks ago.
A.is reading B.have read C.will read D.read
24. -You have a nice car.
－Thank you. I______it for less than one month.
A.bought B.have bought C.had D.have had
25. My grandparents_______for over 60 years and they love cach other very much.
A.have been married B.got married C.were married D.have got married
26. Some boys in our class_______the football club for a year.They are crazy about playing football now.
A.joined B.have joined C. have been in
27. I know a little about Thailand, as I ________there three years ago.
A.have been B.have gone C.will go D.went
28. The shopping mall_____ for two years,but I____there only once.
A.has opened;have gone B. has opened; have been
C.has been open;have gone D. has been open; have been
29. -What age did you leave home?
－I left home at 18, Neil. I_______your city for five years.
A.have gone to B.have been to C.have been in D.have come to
30. How many English words_____＿you______by the end of last term?
A.had;learnt B.have;learnt C.did;learn D.are; learnt
31. Hangzhou________as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A.knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known
32. Mr. Green______to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.
A.was invited B.invited C. is invited D.invites
33. These model cars______in China in 2013.
A.are made B.were made C.make D.made
34. The 24th Winter Olympic Games ______in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th.
A. is going to hold B.hold C.will be held D.was held
35. Let's wait and see whether books_______by the Internet in the future.
A.replace B.replaced C.will be replaced D.were replaced


参考答案：
一．1.doesn’t listen 2.take/have ;rest 3.hit 4.attend 5.will not 6.are getting 7.isn’t watching 8.was waiting 9.would come 10.has solved 11.has studied 12.hasn’t been 13.has been 14.have been to 15.is spoken 16.was closed 17.punished 18.Teenagers;allowed 19.was invented 20.said

二．1-5DAACB 6-10BCCCB 11-15ACACA 16-20CBDBB 21-25DADDA 26-30CDDCA 31-35BABCC