高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题27+主要国家地理概况-试卷

话题二十七 主要国家地理概况

第一部分 话题词汇积累

单词&短语

1. signature n.__________________

2.urban adj.__________________

3.skyscraper n.__________________

4. slap v.__________________

5.landmark n.__________________

6.slide v._____________--__________(过去式)一__________(过去分词)

7.slope n.__________________

8.altitude n.__________________

9.basin n.__________________

10. souvenir__________________

11. sour adj.__________________

12.spill v._________--__________/_________--___________/___________--___________

13. range n.__________________  v.__________________

14. boundary n.__________________

15.continent n.__________________

16.spoil vt.__________________

17.sponsor n.__________________   vt.__________________

18. spray n.__________________  vt.__________________

19. simplify vt.__________________

20. squeeze vt./vi__________________

21.stain vt./vi.__________________

22.stall n.__________________

23. staple adj.__________________

24. sneaker n.__________________

25.equator n.__________________

26.spicy adj.__________________

27.__________________n.重要性；(意义)重大

__________________adj.重要的；显著的

28.___________--___________--_____________v.吐痰

29.__________________n.处境；形势；位置，环境；职位；职业

30.__________________adj.熟练的；有技能的

31.__________________vt./vi.略读；浏览；撇去；掠过

32.__________________adj.真诚的，诚恳的；诚实的；坦率的

33.__________________adj.轻微的；少量的；细小的；瘦小的

34.__________________n.口号；标语

35.__________________adj.社会的；社交的；交际的；群居的

36.__________________vt.解决；解答___________________n.解决方案；答案；溶液

37.__________________n.源头；来源；原始资料；原因，根源

38.__________________n.专家

39.__________________n.(动植物的)物种；种

40.__________________adj.明确的；特定的；特有的；独特的

41.__________________adj.精神的；心灵的；宗教的

42.____________-_______________-__________________vi./vt.下沉，下落

43.__________________adj.平滑的；平稳的；顺利的；圆润的

44.__________________n.信号；暗号v.发信号，示意；发暗号

45.__________________n.相似性；相像处；相似点；类似性

46.__________________adj.稳定的；牢固的；沉稳的n.马厩

47.__________________n.点，斑点，污点；地点，场所

48.袖手旁观；支持____________________________________

49.以……的速度____________________________________

50.stand out____________________________________

51.去观光____________________________________

52.sign an agreement/a contract____________________________________

53.报名参加；登记注册____________________________________

54.看见____________________________________

55.smooth away____________________________________

56.当场；在现场____________________________________

57.be in low spirits____________________________________

58.抽不出时间____________________________________

59.与……有关系____________________________________

60.sort of____________________________________

词汇拓展

1.solve v.解决；处理；解答；破解

【搭配】solution n.解决办法；处理手段；答案；解；谜底；溶液

solve a puzzle/a riddle解难题；解谜

solve a crime/mystery破案；解开奥秘

I dreamed up a plan to____________ both problems at once.

我想出了一个方案，可以同时解决两个问题。

Only when a reservoir is built here can we ___________our irrigation problem.

只有在这里修个水库，才能解决我们的灌溉问题。

It took him only ten minutes to ___________the puzzle.

他解这道难题仅仅用了十分钟。

I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.

我已经采取措施加快解决该问题。

2.stand by做好准备；准备行动；坐视不理；袖手旁观；继续支持(身处困境的人);坚持，遵守，信守(原有的决定、承诺或宣言)

The decision has been made and I have got to___________it.

决定已经作出了，我必须要遵守。

On Sunday mornings my mother would bake bread. I'd___________the fridge and help.

星期天早上我妈妈会烤面包。我会站在冰箱旁边帮忙。

How can you ___________and let him treat his dog like that?

你怎么能袖手旁观让他那样对待他的狗?

I'll___________you whatever happens.无论发生什么事我都会支持你。

【联想】

stand构成的短语

stand up站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护

stand in定位替身；代演员站位

stand on坚持；依靠；位于；拘泥于；[航]持续向同一方向航行

stand or fall好坏；成败

stand for代表；支持；象征；担任……的候选人

stand out突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对

stand by支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边

can't stand无法忍受

stand behind后援，做后盾

stand up for支持，坚持；拥护

stand still站着不动；静止不动

stand firm挺立；站稳立场

stand against反对；抵抗

stand guard站岗

stand in the way阻碍

stand back退后；往后站；不介入

活学活用

一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Can you___________(simple)the language a little?It's difficult to understand.

2.___________(help)by my friends,I smoothed away all the difficulties.

3.Let's think of a situation ___________this idiom can be used.

4.The___________(similar)between Mars and Earth are enough to keep alive hopes of some form of Martian life.

5. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year___________a speed of 299,792 kilometers per second.

二、翻译句子

1.Though we didn't catch sight of the children,I believe,under the instruction of their father,the children must be very sensible.

___________________________________________________________________

2.Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless he works very hard.

___________________________________________________________________

3.看他那失神的样子，肯定出了什么事。(in low spirits)

___________________________________________________________________

4.我们强烈推荐您报名参加这个课程。(sign up)

___________________________________________________________________

参考答案

单词&短语

1.署名，签名 2.都市的；城市的 3.摩天大楼 4.用巴掌打，捆；拍击 5.地标 6.滑动；贬值—slid—slid 7.斜

坡，坡度 8.海拔；高度 9.流域；盆地 10.纪念品，纪念物 11.酸的，酸味的 12.(使)溢出，(使)洒出—spilled/spilt—spilled/spilt 13.n.范围；山脉v.排列 14.界限；边界线 15.大陆；陆地 16.破坏；宠坏，溺爱 17.n.赞助商，主办方vt.赞助，发起 18.n.水花，浪花vt.向……喷射 19.简化20.挤；握紧；压榨 21.vt./vi.玷污n.污迹，污点

22.(货)摊；(牛/马)棚 23.主要的，重要的 24.运动鞋25.赤道 26.辣的 27.n. significance adj.significant

28.spit—spat/spit—spat/spit 29. situation 30.skilled/skillful 31.skim 32.sincere 33.slight34.slogan 35.social 36.vt. solve n. solution 37.source38.specialist 39.species 40.specific 41. spiritual42.sink—sank—sunk 43.smooth 44. signal 45. similarity 46.stable 47.spot48.stand by 49.at a speed of 50.引人注目；突出51.go sightseeing 52.签协议/合同 53.sign up(for)

54.catch sight of 55.消除(问题);克服(困难) 56.on the spot 57.意志消沉 58. spare no time 59. have something to do with 60.有几分；有点

词汇拓展

1. solve;solve;solve

2.stand by;stand by;stand by;stand by

活学活用

一、1.simplify 2.Helped 3.where 4.similarities 5.at

二、1.虽然没看到孩子们，但我相信在他们父亲的教导下，孩子们一定也是很懂事的。

2.一个人要是不努力，他就将一事无成。

3.There must be something wrong since he is in low spirits.

4. We highly recommend that you sign up for this course.

第二部分 话题阅读训练

（A）语法填空

 China has formally made an announcement of its first five national parks of 230,000 from Tibet to Hainan, focusing on   (1)   (preserve) of its most valuable bio-resources.
    Giant Panda National Park will surely be   (2)   hit with the swells of tourists who come yearly for some of the world's cutest animals.   (3)   (cover) three provinces (Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu), the region is the panda's natural habitat.
    The intersection (交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, which   (4)   (set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start. It is the unique area   (5)   live both wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.
    China's best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world   (6)   (find) the Hainan black-crested gibbon (黑冠长臂猿). Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park protects the gibbons and   (7)   (they) environment.
    Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus   (8)   (much) on preserving multiple animals than   (9)   (specific) protecting one species. They serve various rare and endangered species and conserve biodiversity.
    Now, with some tourist programs   (10)   place, these parks will be a good way for tourists to truly experience the natural originality as well as expansive Chinese landscape.

【答案】

【小题1】preservation【小题2】a【小题3】Covering【小题4】has set【小题5】where

【小题6】to find【小题7】their【小题8】more【小题9】specifically【小题10】in

【知识点】副词修饰动词、不定式作定语、定语从句的主谓一致、必备短语、名词作宾语、不可数名词、动词的-ing形式作状语、不定冠词、动词的-ing形式表示主动意义、现在完成时、形容词性物主代词、说明文、关系副词where引导限制性定语从句、in的用法、国家地理、副词的比较级

【解析】1. 句意：中国已正式宣布建立首批从西藏到海南的五个占地23万平方公里的国家公园，重点保护其最宝贵的生物资源。分析句子可知，介词on之后，应该加上名词作为宾语，根据提示，此处应用名词preservation（保护），且为不可数名词，故填preservation。
2. 句意：大熊猫国家公园每年都会吸引大量游客前来参观这些世界上最可爱的动物。hit此处指“受欢迎的事物”，应用不定冠词，且hit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
3. 句意：该地区覆盖四川、陕西、甘肃三省，是大熊猫的自然栖息地。分析句子结构可知cover在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the region构成主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式。句首单词首字母要大写，且根据提示，故填Covering。
4. 句意：吉林省和黑龙江省的交界处是中国东北虎豹国家公园的所在地，该公园从一开始就着手保护这两种物种的栖息地。根据后文since its start可知从句用现在完成时，从句谓语与先行词Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park保持一致，助动词用has。故填has set。
5. 句意：这是一个独特的地区，同时生活着野生东北虎和东北豹。分析句子结构可知，句中含定语从句，修饰先行词area，关系副词where在从句中作状语，相当于in this area。故填where。
6. 句意：中国保存最完好的热带雨林在海南，世界上唯一发现黑冠长臂猿的地方。place前有the only修饰，后面的定语用to do形式。故填to find。
7. 句意：海南热带雨林国家公园保护着长臂猿和它们的生存环境。修饰名词environment应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
8. 句意：与上述三个国家公园不同，福建的武夷山国家公园和青藏高原的三江源国家公园更注重保护多种动物，而不是专门保护一个物种。结合后文than可知应用much的比较级形式。故填more。
9. 句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰后文动词protect，应用副词specifically，作状语。故填specifically。
10. 句意：现在，随着一些旅游项目的到位，这些公园将是游客真正体验自然创意和广阔的中国景观的好方法。结合句意，空格处表示“在合适的位置，到位”可知，应用固定短语in place。故填in。

（B）阅读理解

The race skywards began in America. In the late 1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective. Like all major shifts in architecture, the trend was supported by engineering. The development of steel frames made it easier to build tall. The invention of the lift, meanwhile, made living in higher floors far more convenient.

Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers look little like those built in the first half of the 20th century. This is mostly thanks to the curtain wall. Postwar developments in manufacturing(制造)meant that huge sheets of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and the curtain wall soon became the front of high-rises. As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass surfaces help buildings bear greater wind loads.

There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it generates.

This reality can certainly be felt in America. Though skyscrapers began as a US phenomenon and continued increasing there in the 1960s and 1970s, the Middle East and Asia now dominate high-rise construction. This is partly due to the lower construction costs in Asian and other non-Western countries. However, it may also demonstrate that skyscrapers are about more than the return on investment-they are a matter of branding. And in some cities, building tall can be a necessity.

The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height; At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emission(排放)，there are new environment-friendly costs to consider.

4.What caused the race skywards in America in the late 1800s?

A. The expansion of the city land.

B. The preference for higher floors.

C. The development of engineering.

D. The decreased price of steel frames.

5. What's the function of the curtain wall?

A. To beautify the skyscrapers.

B. To reflect more natural light.

C. To make skyscrapers more secure.

D. To promote manufacturing industry.

6. “This reality” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to the fact that___________.

A. 191 skyscrapers have been completed

B. cities limit the height of tall buildings

C. cities are desperate to create a brand of skyscrapers

D. profits decrease with buildings reaching certain heights

7. According to the last paragraph, many skyscraper architects will have to

A. lower construction costs

B. reduce carbon emission

C. define energy consumption

D. research greenhouse effects

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是摩天大楼越来越多的原因。

4.C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Like all major shifts in architecture, the trend was supported by engineering.(与建筑领域的所有重大转变一样，这一趋势也得到了工程学的支持。)”可知，19世纪后期，工程技术的发展使美国的盖高楼竞赛空前激烈。故选C.]

5.C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass surfaces help buildings bear greater wind loads.(除了允许更大的地板空间和更多的自然光，玻璃表面还帮助建筑承受更大的风荷载。)”可推知，幕墙的作用是使摩天大楼更加安全。故选C.]

6.D [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it generates.(虽然每增加一层楼就会增加可销售的楼面面积，但建筑成本也会上升。所有的建筑都会达到一个临界点，即增加一个额外的楼层花费的钱将超过它产生的钱。)”可知，这就是一个事实，因此画线词“This reality”是建筑物达到一定高度，利润就会减少这一事实。故选D.]

7.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段“The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height ... there are new environment-friendly costs to consider.(建筑师面临的下一个重大挑战超越了高度：当建筑及其施工占世界能源消耗的三分之一以上、温室气体排放的40%左右的时候，需要考虑新的环保成本。)”可推知，许多摩天大楼的建筑师将不得不减少碳排放。故选B.]