2023郴州高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

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郴州市2023年上学期期末教学质量监测试卷
高一英语
(试题卷)
注意事项:
1. 答题前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和试题卷的封面. 上, 并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号和科目。
2. 考生作答时, 选择题和非选择题均须作在答题卡上, 在试题卷上作答无效。考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。
3. 考试结束后, 将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
4. 本试题卷分听力技能、阅读理解、知识运用、写作技能四个部分, 共12页。时量120分钟, 满分150分。如缺页, 考生须声明, 否则后果自负。
第一部分听力 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、 B. C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. When does the man’s plane take off?
A. At 5: 00. B. At 5: 30. C. At 7: 00.
2. What sport are the speakers talking about?
A. Surfing. B. Swimming. C. Skiing.
3 Where does the man think the book is?
A. On the dressing table. B. Under the bed. C. In a taxi.
4. What is Mr. Mathew busy with?
A. A research project. B. A phone call. C. A meeting.
5. What does the woman mean?
A. The screen doesn’t need cleaning.
B. The keyboard should also be cleaned.
C. The man should clean the computer later.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where are the speakers?
A. In an office. B. In a restaurant. C. In a classroom.
7. Why is the woman late?
A. She worked on a paper. B. She talked to her friends. C. She met her teacher.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. How long has the man kept his old computer?
A. Six months. B. Two years. C. Six years.
9. How is the man’s new computer different from the old one?
A. It’ s bigger. B. It’s clearer. C. It’s cheaper.
10. What does the man usually do on the computer?
A. He plays games. B. He checks emails. C. He searches the Internet.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. W hat is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Workmates. B. Classmates. C. Neighbors.
12. Why does the man call the woman?
A To ask for help. B. To express thanks. C. To make an invitation.
13. What is the woman going to do on Friday night?
A. Attend a party. B. Enjoy a concert. C. Go to the hospital.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. Who is the man going on holiday with?
A. His parents. B. His brother. C. His friend’s family.
15. Where is the man staying for the holidays?
A. In a city center. B. In the mountains. C. On the coast.
16. What does the man plan to do during the holidays?
A. Go hiking. B. Do water sports. C. Visit a town.
17. When will the man be home?
A. On August 7th. B. On August 11th. C. On August 18th. .
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Why did the speaker go to Jakarta?
A. To write an article. B. To visit relatives C. To go on holiday.
19. How did the speaker learn about Jakarta?
A. From a book. B. From a friend. C. From the Internet.
20. What did the speaker dislike about Jakarta?
A. The weather. B. The traffic. C. The buildings.
第二部分阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C、和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
A
A writer’s home is a kind of autobiography, and visiting the place where a great work of literature was written gives you a deeper understanding of both the book and the person who wrote it. Here are some famous writers’ houses to check out.
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s House
Emerson lived in this house for 46 years until his death in 1882 and wrote his essays Nature and Self-Reliance in a study on the first floor, although his son later said that Emerson’s “real study” was nearby Walden Woods.
Margaret Mitchell’s Apartment
For Gone with the Wind fans, Margaret Mitchell’s house is their dream place. Mitchell moved into Apartment No. 1 of this building when she just got married in 1926 and lived there for six years. She worked on her novel on a table in the living room. When the novel was accepted for publication in 1935, it immediately became a big hit.
William Faulkner’s Rowan Oak
Rowan Oak, Faulkner’s home for almost 30 years, is where he wrote many of his major works, including Light in August. In his study, he sometimes wrote his plot structures on the wall, and then painted over them when he finished the book. In fact, you can still see the plot for his novel A Fable penciled on the wall right where he left it.
Ernest Hemingway’s House
Ernest Hemingway lived in this house for the most productive eight years of his life. He wrote most of his major works in his office, which you could only get to by walking across a bridge that extended from the upstairs bedroom. Almost everything in the house had a story.
1. Which of the four places housed its owner for the longest time?
A. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s House. B. Margaret Mitchell’s Apartment.
C. William Faulkner’s Rowan Oak. D. Ernest Hemingway’s House.
2. What do we know from the text?
A. Emerson’s “real study” was on the first floor of his house.
B. Margaret Mitchell’s Apartment was a dream place for her.
C. Faulkner sometimes liked painting his house structures.
D. Hemingway’s office was accessible only by crossing a bridge.
3. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To advertise some famous writers’ works. B. To recommend some famous writers’ houses.
C. To introduce some famous writers’ birthplaces. D. To recall some famous writers’ life experiences.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名作家的家。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Emerson lived in this house for 46 years until his death in 1882 and wrote his essays Nature and Self-Reliance in a study on the first floor, although his son later said that Emerson’s “real study” was nearby Walden Woods.(爱默生在这所房子里住了46年，直到1882年去世。他在一楼的一间书房里写了《自然》和《自力更生》，尽管他的儿子后来说，爱默生“真正的书房”在瓦尔登森林附近)”；第三段中“Mitchell moved into Apartment No. 1 of this building when she just got married in 1926 and lived there for six years.(Mitchell在1926年结婚时搬进了这栋楼的1号公寓，并在那里住了6年)”；倒数第二段中“Rowan Oak, Faulkner’s home for almost 30 years, is where he wrote many of his major works, including Light in August.(福克纳在罗文橡树居住了近30年，他的许多重要作品都是在这里创作的，包括《八月之光》)”以及最后一段中“Ernest Hemingway lived in this house for the most productive eight years of his life.(欧内斯特·海明威在这里度过了他一生中最多产的八年)”可知，Ralph Waldo Emerson’s House的主人住的时间最长。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He wrote most of his major works in his office, which you could only get to by walking across a bridge that extended from the upstairs bedroom.(他的大部分重要作品都是在他的办公室里完成的，你只能穿过从楼上卧室延伸出来的一座桥才能到达那里)”可知，海明威的办公室只有过桥才能到达。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A writer’s home is a kind of autobiography, and visiting the place where a great work of literature was written gives you a deeper understanding of both the book and the person who wrote it. Here are some famous writers’ houses to check out.(作家的家是一种自传，参观一部伟大文学作品的创作地会让你对书和作者有更深的了解。这里有一些值得一看的著名作家的家)”可推知，文章的目的是推荐一些著名作家的家。故选B。
B
It’s been 10 years since Yasuo Takamatsu lost his wife Yuko when a tsunami hit the town of Unagawa, but he continued to search for her every weekend.
On the day when Yuko disappeared, in 2011, Yasuo Takamatsu received the last text message from her. It read “Are you OK? I’m coming home.”
Since then, he has been looking for her and won’t stop until he finds her. “I’m sure she is on the way home. She has never gone back on her words,” Yasuo insists.
In the beginning, he searched for Yuko on land, starting at the bank where she was last seen, then along the beaches of Unagawa, in nearby forests and mountains.
Two years after her disappearance, Yasuo registered at a local diving school to take diving lessons, so he could start searching for her in the sea. He has been going on weekly dives for the past seven and a half years, racking up almost 500 underwater searches.
Yasuo Lakamatsu has been aided in his underwater searches by Masayoshi Takahashi, the diving instructor who taught him to dive. He has been keeping track of Yasuo’s searches, recording what areas he has combed, where the dead bodies might gather on the seabed, etc.
Apart from his own weekly dives, the 64- year-old also joins local authorities in underwater searches for the 2,500 people who remain lost following the 2011 tsunami. In his searches, Takamatsu has found all sorts of things belonging to the missing persons, but nothing helps him find his wife. He refuses to give up, though.
4. What kept Yasuo searching for his wife for 10 years?
A. Takahashi’ s selfless assistance. B. A new text from his wife.
C. The belief that she is still alive. D. The latest survivors he found.
5. What does the underlined phrase “racking up” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. totaling. B. forgetting. C. winning. D. including.
6. Why has the diving coach been keeping a record of Yasuo’s searches?
A. To find the dead bodies. B. To avoid searching the same areas.
C. To test the diving equipment. D. To measure the training effect.
7. Which of the following can best describe Yasuo?
A. Ambitious and confident. B. Humorous and considerate.
C. Determined and warm-hearted. D. Selfless and hardworking.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Yasuo Takamatsu十年寻妻的感人故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““I’m sure she is on the way home. She has never gone back on her words,” Yasuo insists.(“我肯定她在回家的路上。她从未食言，”Yasuo坚持说。)”可知，让Yasuo十年来一直在寻找他的妻子的是他相信她还活着。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段的“He has been going on weekly dives for the past seven and a half years(在过去的七年半里，他每周都要潜水)”和“almost 500 underwater searches(近500次水下搜索。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“在过去七年半的时间里，他每周都要进行一次潜水，总共进行了近500次水下搜索”，划线短语意为“合计”，racking up和totaling意思相同。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“He has been keeping track of Yasuo’s searches, recording what areas he has combed, where the dead bodies might gather on the seabed, etc.(他一直在跟踪Yasuo的搜索，记录他搜索过的区域，尸体可能聚集在海底的地方，等等。)”可推知，潜水教练一直在记录Yasuo的搜索是为了避免重复搜索。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。 根据文章第一段“It’s been 10 years since Yasuo Takamatsu lost his wife Yuko when a tsunami hit the town of Unagawa, but he continued to search for her every weekend.(10年前，海啸袭击了Unagawa镇，Yasuo Takamatsu失去了妻子Yuko，但他每个周末都继续寻找她。)”可知，十年寻妻不放弃，说明他是一个意志坚定的人；根据文章最后一段“Apart from his own weekly dives, the 64- year-old also joins local authorities in underwater searches for the 2,500 people who remain lost following the 2011 tsunami.(除了自己每周潜水外，64岁的他还加入了当地政府的水下搜寻工作，寻找2011年海啸后失踪的2500人。)”可知，他帮助当局寻找失踪的人，说明他也是一个热心的人。故选C。
C
Sustainability(可持续性) one of the biggest topics of the last decade, has become the ray of hope to protect the planet. It's a topic we can't ignore and we must act now in a more sustainable way.
What does that mean for the world of technology? E-waste is one of the planet's biggest contributing waste problems.
Not only e-waste, but the materials that go into tech products are part of the problem. Take the smartphone industry for example, dozens of metals, minerals which have to be taken from the earth(including 16 of 17 rare metals) go into making phones. And with demand for mobile phones bigger than ever, it's a problem that needs to be solved.
With a challenge comes an opportunity, and there's already some progress happening - great news for those of us wanting to be more sustainable with our tech. People used to turn their noses up at the idea of a second-hand product, but there's been a huge increase in demand for refurbished tech(翻新技术). For example, refurbished smartphone sales in the US have risen by 28% in the last 12 months while brand new sales have fallen by 21%.
Many communities are making an effort to deal with e-waste as well. Cities, schools, or churches will sometimes hold events to collect e-waste and send it to recycling centers. Some companies even offer buy-back programs where people will be given cash if they turn in old devices.
So the next time you want to deal with your e-waste, whether a smartphone, a laptop, an MP4 player or other, consider the more environmentally-friendly choices. It is possible to be sustainable with your tech after all.
8. What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To explain what is sustainability.
B. To introduce the topic of the text. .
C. To give us an example of sustainability.
D. To show different topics of sustainability.
9. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. E-waste is the biggest waste problem.
B. E-waste can't be dealt with in the end.
C. People act in a more sustainable way than before.
D. People would choose second-hand products in the past.
10. Which of the following can be e-waste EXCEPT?
A. MP4 players B. e-books
C. laptops D. smartphones
11. Which word best describes the author's attitude to sustainability?
A. Doubtful. B. Unclear,
C. Negative. D. Supportive.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着电子垃圾的大量产生和科技产品的原材料需求的增加，可持续性已成为保护地球的一线希望，我们必须要以一种可持续的方式采取行动。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It's a topic we can't ignore and we must act now in a more sustainable way.( 这（可持续性）是一个我们不能忽视的话题，我们必须以一种更可持续的方式现在就采取行动)”结合下文如何采取措施可知，第一段的主要目的是介绍文章的主题。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“People used to turn their noses up at the idea of a second-hand product, but there's been a huge increase in demand for refurbished tech(翻新技术).( 人们过去对二手产品不屑一顾，但如今对翻新技术的需求大幅增长)”可推知，人们以比以前更可持续的方式行动。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一句“So the next time you want to deal with your e-waste, whether a smartphone, a laptop, an MP4 player or other, consider the more environmentally-friendly choices.( 所以，下次你想处理电子垃圾时，不管是用智能手机、笔记本电脑、MP4播放器还是其他设备，都要考虑更环保的选择)”可知，智能手机、笔记本电脑、MP4播放器都可能是电子垃圾，故排除A、C和D，选项B. e-books(电子书)未被提及，故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So the next time you want to deal with your e-waste, …consider the more environmentally-friendly choices.( 所以，下次你想处理电子垃圾时，都要考虑更环保的选择)”可知，作者对于可持续性是持支持的态度的。故选D。
D
When you think of art restoration (修复), what comes to mind is probably a group of specialists working on paintings with small brushes, making efforts in a museum basement. So it might come as a surprise that one thing most people think should be kept away from art is what is bringing it back to life: bacteria.
According to Popular Science, specialized microorganisms have been set loose on everything from centuries -old mural to oil paintings to massive cathedral walls, all in an effort to clean and restore the original glory of these pieces of cultural heritage.
Recently, a team from the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) and restoration cooperators were tasked with resolving the issue of human remains that were staining (弄脏) the Michelangelo- carved marble (大理石) in the Medici Chapel in Florence, Italy. Several members of the Medici family were buried there.
Anna Rosa Sprocati, a biologist at the ENEA, chose eight of the most promising kinds of bacteria from a collection of about 1, 000 and tested them on the marble. The bacteria successfully removed the pollutants while leaving the marble unharmed.
“Biocleaning”- using microorganisms to clean debris (残骸) from stonework and artwork- -was first used in the 1990s by Italian microbiologist Giancarlo Ranalli.
A team was attempting to restore murals in Pisa, Italy. When the tomb was bombed in World War II, the remains of the artwork were removed using animal glue to keep the pieces together.
According to Popular Science, after traditional methods of restoration failed, Ranalli said that the project leader turned to him and asked: “But you, Dr Ranalli, can’t you do anything with your bugs?”
It turns out bacteria are perfect for this sort of task-but it’s important to select the right one. For Ranalli, it was Pseudomonas. It ate through the animal glue while leaving the original paints. In fact, Pseudomonas is used for more than just cleaning up artworks. Their favorite food sources happen to be the same kind of materials that are often found as pollutants, and scientists have grown different kinds of the bacteria to consume specific types of pollutants, Forbes reported.
It is indeed the famous artists who create masterpieces, but it’s the bugs that keep them good for future generations to appreciate.
12. What’s the aim of the team from the ENEA?
A To save the Michelangelo- -carved marble.
B. To explore the history of the Medici family.
C. To speed up the decay (腐烂) of human remains.
D. To study the effects of bacteria on the human body.
13. How do bacteria contribute to art restoration?
A. By making colors brighter. B. By keeping the pieces together.
C. By getting rid of pollutants. D. By producing a protective material.
14. What are paragraphs5-8 mainly about?
A. The way the first artwork was restored. B. The benefits of “biocleaning”.
C. The functions of Pseudomonas. D. The origin of “biocleaning”
15. Which is the best title for the text?
A. The history of art restoration B. A surprising approach to art restoration.
C. Different methods of art preservation D. The importance of microorganisms
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了用微生物修复文物的方法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。 根据文章第三段“Recently, a team from the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) and restoration cooperators were tasked with resolving the issue of human remains that were staining (弄脏) the Michelangelo- carved marble (大理石) in the Medici Chapel in Florence, Italy.(最近，来自意大利国家新技术、能源和可持续经济发展机构（ENEA）和修复合作伙伴的一个小组被派去解决意大利佛罗伦萨美第奇教堂米开朗基罗雕刻大理石上的人类遗骸污染问题。)”可知，ENEA团队的目标是拯救米开朗基罗雕刻的大理石。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。 根据文章第四段“The bacteria successfully removed the pollutants while leaving the marble unharmed.(细菌成功地清除了污染物，同时使大理石毫发无损。)”可知，细菌通过清除污染物有助于艺术品的修复。故选C。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。 根据文章第五段““Biocleaning”- using microorganisms to clean debris (残骸) from stonework and artwork- -was first used in the 1990s by Italian microbiologist Giancarlo Ranalli.(20世纪90年代，意大利微生物学家吉安卡洛·拉纳利首次使用了“生物清洁”——利用微生物清洁石雕和艺术品上的碎片。)”、文章第六段“A team was attempting to restore murals in Pisa, Italy. When the tomb was bombed in World War II, the remains of the artwork were removed using animal glue to keep the pieces together.(一个团队试图修复意大利比萨的壁画。第二次世界大战期间，这座坟墓遭到轰炸，人们用动物胶水将艺术品的残骸移走，将它们粘合在一起。)”和文章第八段“It turns out bacteria are perfect for this sort of task-but it’s important to select the right one. For Ranalli, it was Pseudomonas. It ate through the animal glue while leaving the original paints.(事实证明，细菌是完成这类任务的完美选择，但选择合适的细菌很重要。对Ranalli来说，是假单胞菌。它啃穿了动物胶，却没有留下原来的颜料。)”可知，文章第五到八段主要介绍了“生物清洗”的由来。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段的““Biocleaning”- using microorganisms to clean debris (残骸) from stonework and artwork- -was first used in the 1990s by Italian microbiologist Giancarlo Ranalli.(20世纪90年代，意大利微生物学家吉安卡洛·拉纳利首次使用了“生物清洁”——利用微生物清洁石雕和艺术品上的碎片。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是用微生物修复文物的方法，因此最好的标题是B选项“A surprising approach to art restoration.(一个令人惊讶的艺术修复方法。)”。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining manners might surprise you with some of its important rules. ____16____Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family- -no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
____17____ When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ____18____ preferring to use their hands instead. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. ____19____
Some of these cultural dining manners may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ____20____ the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime,
B. The more time you spend in any given country,
C. It’s embarrassing to make a mistake at a restaurant.
D. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with knives or forks,
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate.
F. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
G. The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事项。
【16题详解】
空前说“Cultural dining manners might surprise you with some of its important rules.(文化饮食礼仪的一些重要规则可能会让你大吃一惊。)”，空后说“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family- -no matter where you are in the world.(了解一些技巧将有助于确保你与朋友或家人享受愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。)”可知，此处是指要学习一些用餐礼节以避免在用餐时犯错误，C选项“It’s embarrassing to make a mistake at a restaurant.(在餐馆里犯错是很尴尬的。)”说明了在餐厅里犯关于用餐礼仪的错误是很尴尬的，这样就引出后文所说的一些重要事项，因此C选项在空格处承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
本段小标题是“Chopstick Rules(筷子的规则)”，这说明空格处和筷子有关，空后说“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them.(当你把它们放在嘴里的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。不要把筷子笔直地插在食物里，也不要在使用筷子的时候把筷子交叉起来。)”，这说的是怎么用筷子，可见用筷子的方法是很重要的，G选项“The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(你使用筷子的方式在避免惹恼你的同伴方面很重要。)”说明了用筷子的方式很重要，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
空前说“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常粗鲁的。法国人希望你吃饭时两只手各拿一个餐具。)”，空后说“In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.(在智利，你不能用手指碰任何食物。泰国人通常只用叉子把食物推到勺子上。)”，说明本段主要介绍的是不同的国家关于用手还是用餐具的习俗，空格处也应该提到某一个国家，D选项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with knives or forks,(墨西哥人认为用刀叉吃饭是不合适的，)”说明的是墨西哥的人认为用刀叉吃饭是不合适的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
空前说“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.(在吃饭时要盐和胡椒似乎是一个简单的要求。在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这会让厨师知道你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。)”，空格处也应该继续说关于不提或提要求的，F选项“Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.(同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在你的食物中添加额外的奶酪。)”说明了在意大利不要要求在你的食物中添加额外的奶酪，和空前的不要要求加盐和胡椒相呼应，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
20题详解】
空前说“Some of these cultural dining manners may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries.(其中一些文化饮食习惯可能看起来很随意和奇怪，但它们在许多国家都很重要。)”，空后说“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.(你就会开始对外国的文化习俗感到越舒服。)”，再根据常理判断，你在一个国家待的时间越久，就会对外国的文化习俗感到越舒服，B选项“The more time you spend in any given country,(你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，)”说明你在一个国家待的时间越长，你就会开始对外国的文化习俗感到越舒服，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选B。
第三部分语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节完形填空 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Candles were burning bright, exciting my two-year-old son, Jack, who moved forward to blow them out. Jack’s third birthday was still a few months away but he hadn’t stopped ____21____ celebrating his own. His older brothers Oliver, 6, and Josh, 10, were also happy to interact and sing the birthday song with him.
But, over time, I grew ____22____ that Jack wasn’t well. My lovely boy was now a shadow of his formerself. How could I ____23____ it, though doctors weren’t too concerned?
One day I was at work and shared my fears with a colleague. She ____24____ me and said it was safe to be careful. When I returned home later, I packed a bag and took Jack to hospital. At the hospital, I just couldn’t shake the feeling that bad ____25____ was coming. Eventually, we were told he had a very rare form of cancer.
Jack was going downhill ____26____ and urgently required surgery. Gary and I took it in turns to ____27____ him in the hospital. “Your birthday is coming up,” I told Jack each day, hoping he could ____28____ the times we had sung him happy birthday before.
“Jack’s only ____29____ is a stem cell transplant (干细胞移植), and a brother or a sister might be the best option you have,” a doctor told us. Oliver wasn’t as enthusiastic as his older brother Josh, but it was a huge relief when he was told to be a ____30____.
Doctors were ____31____ about saying Oliver might save Jack’s life in case it didn’t ____32____ as planned. To their relief, the result was comforting. They were moved by Oliver’s ____33____. “I didn’t want to do it at the very beginning but at the end I kind of ____34____ feeling like that because now I know how important it was,” Oliver said.
The ____35____ to cure comes from the family.
21. A. talking about B. thinking about C. worrying about D. caring about
22. A. relieved B. surprised C. concerned D. confused
23. A. ignore B. notice C. understand D. find
24. A. guided B. comforted C. persuaded D. greeted
25. A. experience B. information C. luck D. news
26. A. gradually B. rapidly C. slowly D. frequently
27. A. observe B. rescue C. accompany D. defend
28. A. expect B. value C. forget D. memorize
29. A. attempt B. chance C. supply D. expectation
30. A. match B. danger C. issue D. wonder
31. A. anxious B. certain C. curious D. cautious
32. A. work B. finish C. digest D. recover
33. A. weakness B. bravery C. wisdom D. confidence
34. A. admitted B. appreciated C. regretted D. permitted
35. A. nature B. ability C. power D. goal
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是哥哥Oliver勇敢地接受干细胞移植救了自己的弟弟Jack的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jack的三岁生日还有几个月，但他一直在说要庆祝自己的生日。A. talking about谈论；B. thinking about思考；C. worrying about担心；D. caring about关心。根据下文“His older brothers Oliver, 6, and Josh, 10, were also happy to interact and sing the birthday song with him”可知，虽然Jack的生日还没到，但是他一直说要庆祝生日，所以他的哥哥们才配合他。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，随着时间的推移，我越来越担心Jack身体不太好。A. relieved感到宽慰的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. concerned担忧的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“Jack wasn’t well”可知，Jack身体不太好是令人担忧的事情，因此空格处是“担忧的”。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然医生不太担心，我怎么能忽视呢？A. ignore忽视；B. notice注意到；C. understand明白；D. find发现。根据上文“My lovely boy was now a shadow of his formerself”可知，Jack已经完全变了样，虽然医生不太担心，但是作者无法视而不见。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她安慰我说小心点是安全的。A. guided指导；B. comforted安慰；C. persuaded说服；D. greeted问候。根据下文“said it was safe to be careful”可知，空后那个同事所说的话是在安慰作者。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在医院里，我就是无法摆脱一种坏消息要来的感觉。A. experience经历；B. information信息；C. luck运气；D. news消息。根据下文“Eventually, we were told he had a very rare form of cancer”可知，作者总是觉得有坏消息要来了。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jack病情迅速恶化，急需动手术。A. gradually逐渐；B. rapidly快速地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. frequently频繁地。根据下文“urgently required surgery”可知，既然急需要动手术，那么Jack的病情肯定是恶化得很快。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gary和我轮流在医院陪他。A. observe观察；B. rescue营救；C. accompany陪伴；D. defend保卫。根据上文“Jack was going downhill ____6____ and urgently required surgery”可知，Jack病情恶化，作者作为家长，肯定是要在医院陪伴。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你的生日快到了，”我每天都对Jack说，希望他能记住我们以前给他唱过的生日歌。A. expect期待；B. value重视；C. forget忘记；D. memorize记住。根据上文““Your birthday is coming up,” I told Jack each day”可知，作者每天都给Jack说他的生日要来了，是为了让他记住他们以前给他唱的生日歌。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位医生告诉我们：“Jack唯一的机会是干细胞移植，一个兄弟或姐妹可能是你最好的选择。”A. attempt尝试；B. chance机会；C. supply供应；D. expectation期待。根据上文“Eventually, we were told he had a very rare form of cancer.”和下文“a stem cell transplant”和常识可知，Jack得了癌症，干细胞移植是他唯一的生存机会。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Oliver不像他的哥哥Josh那样热情，但当他被告知和Jack匹配时，这让人松了一大口气。A. match匹配；B. danger危险；C. issue问题；D. wonder奇迹。根据上文“a huge relief”可知，能让人松一大口气的是Oliver和Jack匹配上了。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生们谨慎地说Oliver可能会挽救Jack的生命，以防事情没有按计划进行。A. anxious担忧的；B. certain确定的；C. curious好奇的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“Oliver might save Jack’s life in case it didn’t ____12____ as planned”和常识可知，might表示的可能性较小，所以医生的态度是很谨慎的，只是说Oliver有可能会挽救Jack的生命。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生们谨慎地说Oliver可能会挽救Jack的生命，以防事情没有按计划进行。A. work奏效，产生预期的效果；B. finish完成；C. digest消化；D. recover恢复。根据上文“Doctors were ____11____ about saying Oliver might save Jack’s life in case it didn’t”可知，医生很谨慎，因为他们害怕事情没有按计划进行，空格处意为“产生预期的效果”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们被Oliver的勇敢所感动。A. weakness弱点；B. bravery勇敢；C. wisdom智慧；D. confidence自信。根据下文“I didn’t want to do it at the very beginning but at the end I kind of ____14____ feeling like that because now I know how important it was”可知，刚开始Oliver不想移植，后来又意识到这很重要，所以他是勇敢的。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oliver说：“一开始我不想这么做，但最后我有点后悔，因为现在我知道这有多重要了。”A. admitted承认；B. appreciated感激；C. regretted后悔；D. permitted允许。根据下文“because now I know how important it was”可知，Oliver现在知道移植很重要，所以应该是后悔自己刚开始不想移植。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：治愈的力量来自家庭。A. nature大自然；B. ability能力；C. power力量；D. goal目标。根据上一段的“To their relief, the result was comforting”可知，移植应该是得到了好的结果，所以是治愈了Jack，因此此处是说的“治愈的力量来自家庭”。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
The Chongyang Festival, which has ____36____ history of over 2,000 years, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. ____37____ (traditional), we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing, but how many people today still observe this tradition? Traditional Chinese Festivals are an important part of Chinese culture, and they must ____38____ (promote).
Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history. The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, ____39____ (pass) down the story of Qu Yuan, a great poet ____40____ (live) in the Warring States period of ancient China, from generation to generation by celebrating with rice dumplings and dragon boat races.
Moreover, celebrating traditional festivals enables us to learn to honour fine Chinese values. The full moon on the Mid-Autumn Festival ____41____ has a caring, family-centred message at their heart is considered ____42____ family togetherness.
Finally, traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help shape our national identity. For example, we celebrate the Hanshi Festival and Laba Festival with unique customs, and these shared ____43____ (experience) bring us together as a people. Traditional festivals tell us ____44____ we are and fill us with pride in being Chinese.
Traditional festivals have been passed down to us from previous generations. It is the duty of every one of us to protect them for generations ____45____ (come).
【答案】36. a 37. Traditionally
38. be promoted
39. passes 40. living
41. which##that
42. as 43. experiences
44. who 45. to come
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是中国传统节日的重大意义。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：重阳节是中国农历九月初九，距今已有2000多年的历史。“have a history of...”是固定用法，意为“有……的历史”，因此空格处是a，故填a。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：传统上，我们应该通过登山来庆祝这个节日，但是今天有多少人仍然遵循这个传统？空格处用副词traditionally作状语，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母大写，traditionally意为“传统上”。故填Traditionally。
【38题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：中国传统节日是中国文化的重要组成部分，必须发扬光大。中国传统节日是被发扬光大，句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词must，因此空格处是be done，故填be promoted。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，端午节通过吃粽子和赛龙舟的方式，将中国古代战国时期伟大诗人屈原的故事代代相传。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The Dragon Boat Festival是一个节日，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填passes。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，端午节通过吃粽子和赛龙舟的方式，将中国古代战国时期伟大诗人屈原的故事代代相传。句中谓语是passes，空格处用非谓语动词，poet和live之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填living。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中秋节的满月，如果在他们的心中有一个关心，以家庭为中心的信息，则被认为是家庭团聚。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词full moon是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：中秋节的满月，如果在他们的心中有一个关心，以家庭为中心的信息，则被认为是家庭团聚。be considered as是固定短语，意为“被认为是……”，因此空格处用介词as，故填as。
【43题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：例如，我们以独特的习俗庆祝寒食节和腊八节，这些共同的经历使我们成为一个民族。根据语境可知，experience意为“经历”，是可数名词，由前面的these可知，空格处用复数，故填experiences。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：传统节日告诉我们我们是谁，让我们为自己是中国人而自豪。“we are”是宾语从句，此处表示“传统节日告诉我们我们是谁”，空格处用who表示“谁”，故填who。
【45题详解】
考查不定式。句意：我们每个人都有责任为子孙后代保护它们。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，此处表示“子孙后代”，因此空格处用不定式表将来，故填to come。
第四部分写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节应用文写作 (满分15分)
46. 假设你高一 (1) 班李华，你的英国网友James给你发电子邮件询问你的高中课余生活。请根据以下提示，给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 课余生活情况
2. 你的感受
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear James,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear James,
Glad to hear from you. Here is about my after-class school life.
After class, what I have to finish first is masses of homework, which I know can guarantee our good performance in study. In addition, many of the out-of-class activities, including all kinds of sports appeal to me greatly. I usually enjoy myself in them according to the school schedule.
Busy as I am, I enjoy my school life. I shall employ every possible opportunity to get myself fully developed and be well equipped for the future.
Then what about you? Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国网友James回一封电子邮件，告诉他你的高中课余生活情况和你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
保证：guarantee→ensure
完全：fully→completely
另外：in addition→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In addition, many of the out-of-class activities, including all kinds of sports appeal to me greatly.
拓展句：In addition, many of the out-of-class activities, which include all kinds of sports, appeal to me greatly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] After class, what I have to finish first is masses of homework, which I know can guarantee our good performance in study. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Busy as I am, I enjoy my school life. (运用了as引导的让步状语从句的部分倒装结构)
第二节读后续写 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
At the beginning of this term, I found a new student in my class named Ainne Olar, who is 16 years old. She was quiet, always having lunch alone. From her parents, I learned that Ainne was born in Japan and spent most of her childhood there, and then the family moved in Canada. It wasn’t as easy as she thought. She had to learn and speak a new language to be able to communicate with other people. When at school, she tended to be alone. She usually didn’t talk to people. In class, she was not active , and always chose to shut her mouth. She didn’t join any clubs or after-school activities for a little while even though the teachers and her mom were always encouraging her.
At first, I thought maybe she was just a little shy like me when I first moved to Canada. At that time, it also wasn’t as easy as I thought, but I’ve made it until where I am now. So I had the confidence to encourage Ainne to join us.
In one class, I invited Ainne to make a short presentation. But she just stood up, speechless. Then she looked down, color rising on her face. The next class, we had a P. E. lesson in the gym. But she still didn’t join in it, just watching everyone play. Learning that she was fond of sports and was actually a very athletic and energetic person, I felt the urge to do something to help her melt into us. All these thoughts came to my head and pushed me to sit aside Ainne.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Hello, Ainne, would you like to join us playing basketball?” I smiled.
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The next day, Ainne volunteered to come to the platform to make a presentation.
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【答案】One possible version:
“Hello, Ainne, would you like to join us playing basketball?”I smiled. Knowing Ainne played well, I tried to persuade her to be brave. However, she shook her head and smiled shyly. Then I told her I was a new comer once and could understand how she was feeling. I hoped she could step out of the comfort zone and be more active. She was moved and told me the reason why she always chose to shut her mouth was that she was not very confident to speak English in front of others. I encouraged her to seize every chance to practice it.
The next day, Ainne volunteered to come to the platform to make a presentation. “Hello, boys and girls, I’m Ainne from Japan. Before my presentation, I’d like to express my thanks to you all. Especially Ms. Lee.” Then she turned to me, with a bright smile spreading on her face. How much she longed to share experiences with her classmates. Getting widely recognized, Ainne was excited with tears. Later, she was a participant in every discussion in class and joined an after-school sports club with new friends. She tasted the sweet spoils of confidence.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者班上来了一个叫Ainne Olar的新学生，她往往一个人待着。她通常不跟人说话。在课堂上，她不活跃，总是选择闭上她的嘴。她有一段时间没有参加任何社团或课外活动，作者决定鼓励Ainne加入到班集体中，作者感到迫切地想做些什么来帮助Ainne融入班上的同学中。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容““你好，安妮，你想和我们一起打篮球吗？”我笑了笑。”可知，第一段可描写作者如何鼓励Ainne，给Ainne信心。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，安妮自告奋勇来到讲台上做演讲。”可知，第二段可描写Ainne演讲的内容以及她身上所发生的巨大的变化。
2.续写线索：说服Ainne勇敢——作者告诉Ainne自己的经历——Ainne告诉自己闭上嘴的原因——作者鼓励Ainne练习英语——Ainne向作者表示感谢——Ainne渴望和同学们分享经历——Ainne的改变
3.词汇激活
行为类
①说服：persuade sb. to do/talk sb. into doing
②鼓励：encourage sb. to do/inspire sb. to do
③渴望：long to do/be eager to do
情绪类
①感谢：express one’s thanks/convey one’s appreciation
②激动：excited/thrilled
【点睛】[高分句型1] I hoped she could step out of the comfort zone and be more active. (由that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2] She was moved and told me the reason why she always chose to shut her mouth was that she was not very confident to speak English in front of others. (由that引导的宾语从句，省略了that，why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句)