【暑假初升高】人教版2019英语初三（升高一）暑假预习-第08讲 Welcome Unit 核心单词知识句型 名校真题讲学案

第08讲 Welcome Unit

一、核心单词讲解

1. exchange  n.交换；交流

vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换

● in exchange for 交换

an exchange student一名交换生

● exchange...for…用……来交换……

exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物

2. design n.设计；设计方案；意图

vt.设计；筹划

●be designed for 为……而设计

be designed to do sth目的是做某事

●by design有意地，故意地

● designer n.设计者

【联想】 表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结∶

故意地∶①by design ②on purpose ③deliberately

偶然地∶①by chance ②by accident ③accidentally

3. anxious  adj.焦虑的；不安的

● be anxious about/for 为……担心/担忧

be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事

● anxiety n.担心焦虑渴望

with anxiety 焦虑地

● anxiously adv.焦虑地

eg. I was told the Learning Centre provides help for students and I'm anxious to get help from you.（求助信）

我被告知辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。

4. annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的（angry）

● be annoyed with sb 对某人感到生气

be annoyed at/about sth 因某事生气

● annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰

What annoys sb most is that...最让某人生气的是……

● annoying adj.使人不高兴的；恼人的

annoyance n.恼怒；烦人的事物

eg.（2021·全国乙卷书面表达）What annoys many parents most is that staring at the screen for a long time is harmful to their children's eyes.（发言稿）

最让许多家长烦恼的是长时间盯着屏幕对孩子的眼睛有害。

5. frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的

● be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事

be frightened to death 吓死

● frightening adj.令人恐惧的；可怕的

● frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐；吓唬

frighten sb into/out of（doing）sth 吓得某人做/不敢做某事

【同义】 scared，terrified，shocked，afraid

6. senior  adj.级别（或地位）高的

n.较年长的人（elderly）

be senior to…比……年长（资深），级别高于……

be junior to…比……年轻（资浅），级别低于……

be superior to 比……优越（更好、强）

be inferior to 低于，不如……，在……之下

【联想】 ①freshman大一新生 ②sophomore大二学生

③junior大三学生 ④senior 大四学生

7. Impression n.印象感想

● make/leave a(n)...impression on sb 给某人留下一个……的印象

● impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象

vi.留下印象；引人注目

impress sb with sth=impress sth on/upon sb使某人牢记某事

be impressed by/at/with...对……印象深刻

● impressive adj.给人印象深刻的

eg. My new teacher's rich knowledge and new teaching method left a deep impression on us.（人物介绍）

新老师渊博的知识和新颖的教学方法给我们留下了深刻的印象。

8. concentrate vi.& vt.集中（注意力）；聚精会神

● concentrate on 集中精力于

concentrate one's mind/attention on 集中某人的注意力于；致力于；专心于

● concentration n.集中；专心

concentrated adj.集中的；全力以赴的

eg. Playing computer games can make us relaxed,but as students we must concentrate on our studies.（学校生活）

玩电脑游戏可以使我们放松，但是作为学生我们必须集中精力于学习。

9. leave...alone不打扰；不惊动

leave behind遗留；把...抛在后面；超过

leave aside搁置一边；不考虑

leave for...动身去...

leave out 省略；遗漏

eg. He's in a bad mood right now, so we'd better leave him alone.

他现在情绪很槽糕,因此我们最好不要打扰他•

10.  confident adj.自信的,有把握的(convinced)

• be confident about/of…   对....有信心，

be confident that...      对....有把挺

• confidence  n.信心

have confidence in…在....方面充满信心。

with confidence肯定地，有把握地

【联想】-ent结尾形容词转换成-ence结尾名词

①confident-* confidence 信心

② silent-* silence 沉默

③ different*-*difference 差异，不同

④ absent—absence 缺席

⑤ intelligent-* intelligence 智慧

⑥ violent-*violence 暴力，暴行

⑦ convenient—convenience 便利 ；方便

⑧ evident-* evidence 证据

⑨ consequent-* consequence 结果

⑩ competent-* competence 能力 ；胜任

11.  look forward to盼望，期待(to为介词)

look back (on)回忆，回顾

look into调查；向......里看

look out for注意察着，留心

look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起

look up to尊敬，敬仰

【联想】 to为介词的短语荟萃

① be/get used to习惯于

② be/get accustomed to 可慣于

③ object to反对

④be addicted to 对……上瘾

⑤be opposed to 反对

⑥stick to坚持

⑦pay attention to 注意……

⑧lead to 导致

12. take notes 记笔记

● make a note 做笔记

take note of 注意；记笔记

● note down 记录某事

eg. It is a good habit to take notes while listening and reading.

边听边读边做笔记是个好习惯。

13. organise（又作organize）vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成

organisation n.组织；机构；团体

organiser n.组织者

organised adj.有组织的；有条理的

eg. How does Li Ming organise his thoughts?

李明是怎样整理他的思绪的?

I'll invite people if you can organise food and drinks.

如果你能备办饮食，我就负责请人。

You should try and organise your time better. 你应该尽量更有效地安排你的时间。These activities were organised by our school, which really provided us with much pleasure.（报道） 这些活动是由我们学校组织的，这真的为我们提供了很多欢乐。

【联想】 动词去e加后缀“-ation”变名词聚会

①organise→organisation组织       ②determine→determination决心③motivate→motivation动机        ④celebrate→celebration 庆祝⑤translate→translation 翻译        ⑥combine→combination 联合⑦examine→examination考试；审查  ⑧imagine→imagination 想象

⑨invite→invitation邀请             ⑩observe→observation观察⑪prepare→preparation准备

14. goal n.目标（target）；球门；射门

achieve one's goal实现目标

set a goal 确立一个目标

eg. Although he failed many times,he would face the challenge bravely and tried to achieve his goal.（人物介绍）

虽然他失败了很多次，但他会勇敢地面对挑战，努力实现自己的目标。

15. improve vi.& vt.改进；改善

● improve in在……方面有改进

improve oneself 自我完善；提高自己

improve the quality of life 提高生活质量

●improved adj.改良的；改进过的

improvement n.改进，改善；提高

eg.（2020·新高考卷I写作）After the race，we felt that not only did the event improve our physical and psychological quality,but it also helped us build a positive attitude to-wards life.（报道）

比赛结束后，我们感到这次比赛不仅提高了我们的身体和心理素质，也帮助我们建立了一种积极的生活态度。

16. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的

● be curious about 对……感到好奇

be curious to do sth 渴望去做某事

● curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲

with curiosity好奇地

out of curiosity 出于好奇

● curiously adv.好奇地

eg. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about it’s future,you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity!（邀请信） 如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心学校的未来，你不要错过这次好机会。

二、重点词块速记

1.   extra-curricular activities 课外活动
2.   join the Music Club参加音乐俱乐部

3.a freshman at senior high school 高中一年级学生

4.a really big challenge 确实是一个巨大的挑战

5.sign up for advanced literature 报名高级文学课程

6.hand out food to homeless people 把食物分发给无家可归的人

7.keep up with the other students 跟上其他学生

8.take courses 上课

9.be well prepared for university 为大学做好准备

10.get used to senior high school life 适应高中生活

11.make a workable schedule 制定一个可行的时间表

12.improve my spoken English 提高我的英语口语水平

13.have fun 玩得开心

14.spend too much time online 花太多时间上网

15.concentrate on school and family life 专注于学校和家庭生活

16.encourage your friends to try new hobbies鼓励你的朋友尝试新的爱好

二、重点句型剖析

1.What if no one talks to me?（What if...?要是……会怎么样呢）要是没人跟我说话怎么办呢

2.I take notes while listening and reading. （省略句） 我边听边读边做笔记。

3.If I'm not in class,I'm either in the library or in the computer lab.

（either…or…要么……要么……）

如果我不在上课，我要么在图书馆，要么在计算机实验室。

4.I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and there's a lot to explore at senior high.

(There be+n./pron.＋to do sth)我想念我初中的朋友们，但我相信我会在这里结交到新朋友，而且高中会有很多事物等待着我去探索。

5. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。

句型公式|find+宾语+宾补

（1）find+宾语+宾补（形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/不定式/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式）

（2）find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do…（it 是形式宾语，to do..是真正的宾语）

①You will find paper cutting very easy if you keep practising it.

如果你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸很简单。

②Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words. 甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。

③ With the world becoming a global village,I find it is necessary to have a good command of English.（语言学习）随着世界变成了地球村，我觉得学好英语很有必要。

考点一、核心单词拼写

一. 单词拼写

1. I believe I can find something to e         with you. 

2. The professor started his l          with an old saying.

3. If you do not have an account, please        （注册 one. 

4. Many women earn less than their         （男性的）colleagues.

5. Some university students choose to live in the apartments outside their        （校园）.

6. I'm f           of walking home alone in the dark.

7. He used to be quiet, but now he is very o          .

8. Without his help, I wouldn’t do the           （实验）well.

9. A laugh can help people over a（n）         （令人尴尬的）situation.

10. As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to         （探索）.

11. A sudden        （闪光）of lightning lit everything up for a second.

12. We should work out a s          for dealing with the problem.

13. Some of these exercises can be done alone, but others you have to do with a p        .

14. If all of us work together, there must be something we can do to i         the environment.

15. I will put my        （个性）, interest and ability into the study to go.

16. Before handing in your homework, be sure to r         it carefully.

考点二、重点词汇选词填空

1. We call people from China, Chinese. This is their         （nation）.

2. I want to be an excellent advertising         （design）.

3. We are all anxious         the climber's safety.

4. He missed the train, which         （annoy）him very much.

5. If we can have good handwriting, others would have a good impression         us.

6. If you concentrate        the project, you can finish it on time.

7. We should encourage him to have         （confident）in himself.

8. My family and I look forward to         （see）you next month.

9. The woman in the shop looked at them          （curious）.

10. What is the best way for you        （solve）this problem?

三．单句写作

1. It was their first meeting, and Richard was determined to                        (给人留下好印象).

2. As a                            （初中学生）, I have some homework to do everyday.
3.              （终于）he succeeded in climbing up the difficult mountain.
4. The headmaster is busy at his desk. You'd better                     （别打扰他）.
5. She took out her notebook and began to              （记笔记）.
6. “What if              （要是......会怎么样？）I can't finish the book?”, little Tom asked his father anxiously.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cover)an area about three times ___37___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___42___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

一、用单词的适当形式完成句子

1．What’s your ______ (nation)? In other words, which country are you from? (所给词的适当形式填空)

2．I really get _______ (annoy)at those who cut in line.

3. Her mother praised her good ________ (behave) in front of the guests.

4．To catch the early ________ (fly), we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

6. The heavy traffic has seriously influenced people’s daily life and _______ (economy) development.

二、汉译英（整句）

1．人们在正式场合以更礼貌的方式说话。

2．我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学，因为我喜欢英语而且成绩不错。

3．努力学习并不总是那么有趣, 但我会为未来上大学或是任何其他要来的事情做好充分准备.

4．正因为是这个原因西班牙语是秘鲁主要官方语言。

5．到达目的地后，您将有一天时间来探索这座令人叹为观止的古城。

四、阅读理解

Passage 1

(湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校联考2022-2023学年高一上学期期中)My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically, but I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.

One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.

I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.

Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had.

1．How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008?

A．Confident. B．Hopeless. C．Addicted. D．Annoyed.

2．How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping?

A．15 weeks. B．20 weeks. C．25 weeks. D．30 weeks.

3．What is NOT my practice now?

A．Doing exercise regularly. B．Eating healthier.

C．Refusing bad food and habits. D．Gaining extra weight.

4．What can we learn from Michelle’s story?

A．Time is everything.

B．Interest is the best teacher.

C．Start with small things.

D．Nothing is more important than confidence.

Passage 2

（2022秋·江西宜春·高一江西省宜丰中学校考期中）Sport is not only physically challenging, but can also be mentally challenging. Criticism (批评) from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping out of or quitting an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of growth are important years for learning about oneself and the sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other socia1 skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support encourages and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

5．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A．Stress should be made less. B．Sport can be mentally challenging.

C．Mental stress should be reduced. D．Sport should be made less competitive.

6．Why is sport important for young people according to the passage?

A．It enables them to criticize themselves.

B．It can help them learn more about society.

C．It can provide them with valuable experiences.

D．It teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves.

7．What should parents and coaches do according to the passage?

A．Make sure children enjoy sport. B．Help children to win every game.

C．Train children to deal with stress. D．Understand the meaning of sport.

8．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A．To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout.

B．To persuade young children not to worry about criticism.

C．To stress the importance of encouraging children in sport.

D．To discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement.