上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共38页。

完形填空
What’s the purpose of philosophy? Alfred North Whitehead characterized it as a series of footnotes to Plato. On the surface, we don’t seem to have 1 much in the two and a half millennia since Plato wrote his dialogues. Today’s philosophers still struggle with many of the same issues that exercised the Greeks.
Compared with philosophy, science has been one long 2 story since it took its modem form in the 17th century. It has uncovered the workings of nature and brought untold benefits to humanity.
3 , not all philosophers are troubled by this contrast. For some, the worth of philosophy lies in the process, not the product. According to Socrates’ statement—“The unexamined life is not worth living?”—they hold that 4 on the human statement is valuable in itself. Others take their lead from Marx—“The philosophers have only interpreted the world—and view philosophy as an engine of political change, whose purpose is not to reflect reality, but to change it. Even so, the majority of contemporary philosophers probably still think of philosophy as a route to the 5 .
According to the “spin-off” theory of philosophical progress, all new sciences 6 as branches of philosophy, and only become established as separate disciplines once philosophy has granted them the essential intellectual means to survive on their own. Then, it is 7 to suppose the lack of progress in philosophy. Whenever philosophy does make progress, it creates a new subject, which then no longer counts as part of philosophy. That’s 8 its progress is masked by the constant renaming of its intellectual fruits.
Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments, and still 9 plenty of its own questions to exercise its own students. The 10 is that it doesn’t seem to have any definite answers. When it comes to topics like morality, knowledge, free will, consciousness and so on, the lecturers still 11 a range of options that have been around for a long time.
No doubt some of the 12 between philosophy and science result from the different methods of investigation that they employ. Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data. It is 13 doubted that philosophers disagree more than scientists. But arguments have loopholes(漏洞).So there is always plenty of room for philosophers to take issue with each other, where scientists by contrast have to 14 what they are told.
Perhaps there is more progress in philosophy than at first appears, even apart from the spin-off disciplines. Judging from its appearances, it may look as if nothing is ever settled. But behind them, philosophy is by no means incapable of 15 .
1．A．progressed B．possessed C．addressed D．oppressed
2．A．horror B．life C．case D．success
3．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Moreover
4．A．reflection B．basis C．reliance D．evaluation
5．A．equality B．truth C．destination D．peace
6．A．serve B．struggle C．start D．develop
7．A．natural B．possible C．difficult D．wrong
8．A．how B．when C．why D．where
9．A．reserves B．explains C．analyzes D．comprehends
10．A．solution B．difference C．trouble D．impression
11．A．debate B．explore C．preserve D．pursue
12．A．agreements B．distinctions C．options D．relations
13．A．generally B．frankly C．privately D．scarcely
14．A．establish B．check C．accept D．present
15．A．suffering B．peaking C．advancing D．signaling

How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.
The Fraunhofer Institute, a German research organization, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly 16 in a restaurant would seem unattractive while in the air. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition.
The air inside an airplane cabin is 15 percent drier than the air that we would 17 breathe while on the ground. In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away. 18 actually starts to deteriorate the moment we step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb. In this situation, our nasal cavities swell (肿胀). The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less 19 . You know how dining in such conditions can be like if you have ever tried to eat while you are suffering from a cold or the flu. Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure inside of an airplane can make it harder to detect aroma. These airborne molecules (空中的分子), by 20 the nose’s sensory cells, play an important role in the process of tasting.
21 , vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the plane’s engines and the winds outside of it, collectively produce a rather constant “ 22 ”, which is equivalent to city traffic. Researchers have found that loud noises 23 our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.
All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions. Preparing and serving tasty food for passengers above the clouds is no 24 task. All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust (味道浓郁的). Such 25 for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands.
16．A．intangible B．available C．acceptable D．incredible
17．A．originally B．normally C．respectively D．flexibly
18．A．Scent B．Sight C．Flavor D．Breath
19．A．rewarding B．amusing C．appetizing D．astonishing
20．A．adjusting B．stimulating C．evaluating D．consuming
21．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover
22．A．movement B．noise C．strike D．problem
23．A．spread out B．hold back C．take away D．pull over
24．A．complex B．crucial C．easy D．ethical
25．A．requirement B．argument C．improvement D．treatment

When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global? The answer is yes — expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities. It better prepares the company for changes in the 26 economy. It can result in increased profits, a diverse customer base and improved stability.
Before the pandemic, 27 expansion almost always meant international travel. 28 bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women, and international travel can 29 the delicate work-life balance entrepreneurs (企业家) of both sexes strive to maintain.
The Covid-19 pandemic 30 global e-commerce and opportunities. The world is conducting business 31 with far more success than anticipated. This shift to business by the internet presents tremendous global opportunities for women as it effectively makes the situation 32 .
Conducting business on the internet 33 the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle, simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand. This opens more doors for growth and enables entrepreneurs to study potential markets and the buyer’s journey from the 34 of their own office.
So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion? First, identify your target market, and then develop an inbound marketing strategy.
This involves providing all the information your target consumers need on your 35 so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own. With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach, you can bring 36 buyers to you instead of continually searching for new buyers.
A vital part of your global inbound (归本国的) marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language. Even if your target consumers are multilingual, most would 37 to buy from sites that provide information in their native language.
Then how can you develop your inbound marketing strategy? The first step is to select a market that 38 your company goals and marketing strategy. Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers. Once you create the plan and process for the first country, you can copy it when you’re ready to expand into 39 markets.
You might believe that your business is too small to get involved with 40 — but consider this: When you make use of the power of the internet, it doesn’t matter if your company is large or small. The key is to shift your focus from outbound to inbound marketing — and bring buyers to you.
26．A．present B．domestic C．current D．industrial
27．A．rapid B．successful C．further D．global
28．A．Gender B．Media C．Cultural D．Political
29．A．keep B．upset C．promote D．restore
30．A．looks into B．breaks down C．speeds up D．responds to
31．A．desperately B．efficiently C．securely D．remotely
32．A．fair B．worse C．real D．reliable
33．A．increases B．promotes C．removes D．illustrates
34．A．angle B．comfort C．relief D．imagination
35．A．desk B．website C．shoulder D．market
36．A．qualified B．wealthy C．frequent D．optimistic
37．A．intend B．hesitate C．volunteer D．prefer
38．A．attaches to B．benefits from C．sees through D．agrees with
39．A．commercial B．additional C．later D．private
40．A．marketing B．financing C．exporting D．training

In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton, observed light entering a prism (三棱镜), and from this experience he made a brilliant discovery about light and colour; that white light is made up of a spectrum of several colours. He was 41 with light, and believed that it had a close relationship to the concept that the early modern scientist knew as ‘the vegetable spirit’, which was an idea that Newton coined.
Newton was 42 awed (敬畏) by the beauty and complexity of nature. Over time, he concluded that the massive variety of life and processes that occur in nature, such as growth and 43 , meant there must be some 44 force making it all happen. He believed that the ‘vegetable spirit’ was that 45 , and he thought it might be linked with the power of light.
To those only familiar with Newton’s discoveries in 46 and physics, the idea of the ‘vegetable spirit’ might seem 47 , and even pseudo-scientific. However, this idea was closely 48 with a subject that he is not very often known for studying, and yet spent a great amount of his time devoted to: alchemy. In his lifetime, Newton wrote around one million words on alchemy (炼金术), which shows how committed he was to the 49 . Through his research into alchemy, Newton hoped to 50 the secret of the ‘Vegetable spirit’, or the spirit of life.
Newton was not the first person to turn to alchemy in order to find what he was looking for, and was in fact one of the last in a long line of alchemists who sought to use the art for the purpose of discovering the universe’s remarkable secrets.
The 51 of alchemy can be traced back 2,000 years before Newton to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. In fact, the word ‘alchemy’ may be derived from Khem, which was an Ancient Greek 52 for Egypt. Even though alchemical tradition often states that the 53 father of the practice was Hermes Trismegistus, it is very difficult to 54 the root of alchemy to one person. On the other hand, it is much more likely that the first proto-alchemists were Egyptian metalworkers, who would have worked with several different types of metal. It was gold that had the most 55 , therefore many focused their attention on this precious metal. Dyers and medicine-makers were also linked to early alchemy.
41．A．satisfied B．experienced C．attracted D．fascinated
42．A．constantly B．casually C．hardly D．seemingly
43．A．development B．disappearance C．death D．peace
44．A．struggling B．driving C．leading D．pulling
45．A．nature B．spirit C．force D．power
46．A．mathematics B．science C．spirit D．nature
47．A．uncomfortable B．strange C．reasonable D．objective
48．A．relevant B．stuck C．dealt D．associated
49．A．problem B．practice C．mystery D．career
50．A．complete B．hide C．uncover D．restore
51．A．secrets B．discoverers C．origins D．traditions
52．A．expert B．custom C．term D．subject
53．A．basic B．biological C．imaginary D．founding
54．A．tie B．show C．stick D．involve
55．A．popularity B．value C．amount D．usages

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man 56 it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided 57 . He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary 58 . All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock , the 59 produces it at once, and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with 60 any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.
For a man, small problems may begin 61 the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to 62 the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article he wants. No good salesman brings out such a substitute 63 ; he does so with skill: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It 64 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be 65 my time and yours by trying it on.”
Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every way she does so in the 66 way. Her shopping is not often 67 need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always 68 to persuasion ; indeed she sets great score by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. She only wants to find something that 69 thinks fits her. Most dress shops provide chairs for the 70 husbands.
56．A．at B．that C．as D．in
57．A．at once B．in advance C．ahead of D．on hand
58．A．consideration B．importance C．destination D．purpose
59．A．woman B．customer C．salesman D．producer
60．A．hardly B．mostly C．probably D．nearly
61．A．before B．although C．while D．when
62．A．buy B．sell C．sale D．shop
63．A．happily B．quietly C．kindly D．impolitely
64．A．happens B．matters C．occurs D．takes
65．A．spending B．enjoying C．wasting D．taking
66．A．opposite B．same C．close D．similar
67．A．far from B．based on C．instead of D．due to
68．A．close B．natural C．free D．open
69．A．no one B．nobody C．everyone D．many
70．A．waiting B．walking C．sitting D．seating

China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience.
Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 71 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 72 development.
This is very 73 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 74 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year.
He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 75 .
For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 76 .
“People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 77 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 78 technologies.”
The latest 79 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path.
Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade.
He said that 80 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace.
While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 81 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year.
About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 82 in air quality in the world.
In the last decade, the 83 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 84 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago.
China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 85 last year.
71．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected
72．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial
73．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique
74．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing
75．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up
76．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission
77．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally
78．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green
79．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation
80．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than
81．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight
82．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation
83．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion
84．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying
85．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in

Many computers in the world are like some untidy people who never take a shower, never brush their teeth and never wash their clothes. If you met a person like this, you would probably not want to go anywhere near him and you 86 would not let him live in your house. So, why do people not have the same attitude towards their computers?
When people talk about keeping computers clean, it does not involve taking off the lid and washing all the parts inside! Instead, it means 87 all harmful programs, spyware and viruses from your computer. These not only cause computers to run more slowly, but also make them 88 as well. When this happens, you are likely to lose important files, and spend a lot of money 89 your computer. No one wants to pay unnecessary money, but this can be avoided if you take our advice below.
Here are seven tips on keeping your computer protected, both at home and at work.
1. Make sure that your computer has a firewall program (a piece of software which blocks harmful viruses, spyware etc. from getting onto your hard drive).
2. Never open any file that is attached to an e-mail, even from a friend, 90 you are completely sure of what it contains. If you do, you may get a bad surprise when you discover you have let a(n) 91 onto your computer.
3. To protect yourself against spyware, only download software from websites that you know you can 92 .
4. Programs that share music and films should be run very carefully, as many are known to increase the risks of spyware and hacking.
5. To protect against hacking, make sure that all your passwords are 93 different letters, numbers or symbols, and avoid using simple words or your date of birth. Never use the same password for more than one site.
6. Make sure that you regularly update the operating system, such as ‘Windows’, on your computer, so that it protects you as much as it can.
7. If you leave your computer for a long time, disconnected it from the Internet. Do not leave it running all night while 94 — the longer you are online, the greater the chances of something attacking your computer.
Remember that a(n) 95 computer is a healthy one — with a little effort, you can save yourself a great deal of time and money in the future.
86．A．possibly B．regularly C．certainly D．hardly
87．A．closing B．adapting C．affording D．removing
88．A．crash B．work C．disappear D．update
89．A．cleaning B．washing C．recycling D．repairing
90．A．when B．unless C．though D．because
91．A．virus B．file C．e-mail D．picture
92．A．use B．find C．trust D．visit
93．A．made out of B．made up of C．made use of D．made sure of
94．A．charged B．operated C．connected D．managed
95．A．clean B．latest C．expensive D．convenient

High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.  Chavis  told  students  not  to 96 these notifications.
Teachers around the country have done similar experiments, usually 97 dozens of markings on the whiteboard. Chavis, who teaches honours-level classes, was 98 by the results of her experiment.
Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student 99 . The use of electronic devices is so 100 that the National Education Association newsletter said it was a “mental health tsunami (海啸)”.
Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase 101 for students. But research now 102 that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness.
Last year, an editorial in the journal Paediatrics proposed that doctors ask young patients about their social media use as part of routine exams. Three researchers wrote that too much social media use might 103 the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers, such as feelings of 104 , depression and anxiety.
Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. 105 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers, according to a Pew Research report. Nearly 60 percent of parents said they were 106 about the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health.
Schools are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of 107 . Others invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help 108 students. Some schools have organized unplugged events — days in which people do not use their electronic devices. Less than 20 percent of students and school employees took part, 109 the control that technology has over their daily lives.
Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up. Deirdre Birmingham of New Jersey 110 a campaign called “Wait Until Eighteenth” because she didn’t think her video game-loving 10-year-old son was ready for a smartphone. The campaign involves groups of parents who have children in the same class. These parents agree not to let their children get phones until they are teenagers.
96．A．switch on B．respond to C．open up D．call at
97．A．interpreting B．comparing C．recording D．teaching
98．A．moved B．shocked C．delighted D．saddened
99．A．approval B．enrolment C．commitment D．anxiety
100．A．convenient B．unique C．attractive D．widespread
101．A．disorder B．stress C．confusion D．pain
102．A．suggests B．analyses C．recommends D．expresses
103．A．result from B．contribute to C．cut down D．push for
104．A．pride B．isolation C．guilt D．love
105．A．Yet B．Even C．Otherwise D．Thus
106．A．excited B．doubtful C．concerned D．warned
107．A．distress B．participation C．dropout D．crime
108．A．handle B．encourage C．calm D．inspire
109．A．restoring B．worsening C．causing D．showing
110．A．joined in B．stepped up C．went against D．appealed to

Most of us assume that we go to college in order to be educated, to become 111 , and be 112 to our society when we complete our studies. Of course, this is true, but there is more to it than that. We go to college not only to learn knowledge, but to prepare ourselves for the real world, for college is a 113 in miniature(微型复制品). Thus, it teaches us how to 114 relationships between different kinds of people later. College life provides many 115 , which is a stepping stone in the real world. College education also 116 a student to develop a mind that is able to think clearly and critically.
While we are at college, we should have as 117 contacts with our teachers as possible. They are as human as we are but with a wider 118 of knowledge than we do which can help 119 our secret little problems. Therefore, they can help us in more ways than just teaching us school 120 .
Some of us tend to go to 121 . We are either too fond of studies and become bookworms or too much 122 by off-campus activities. The former kinds of students, 123 , are star pupils at college but not likely to be successful in their career because they lack the knowledge of real human beings and their range of interests is too 124 . The latter, since they lack the basic knowledge of science and humanities, are not likely to succeed, either. Thus we must steer(把握方向) the middle 125 between these two extremes.
111．A．leaders B．scholars C．ancestors D．authorities
112．A．helpless B．enjoyable C．practical D．useful
113．A．organization B．society C．group D．band
114．A．transport B．unload C．release D．handle
115．A．disputes B．conflicts C．activities D．communities
116．A．chooses B．assigns C．trains D．employs
117．A．quick B．slow C．continuous D．frequent
118．A．range B．reach C．control D．distance
119．A．suggest B．solve C．discover D．explain
120．A．symbols B．imaginations C．contributions D．subjects
121．A．ends B．peaks C．degrees D．extremes
122．A．held B．left C．occupied D．remained
123．A．doubtfully B．doubtlessly C．nearly D．exactly
124．A．narrow B．broad C．correct D．foolish
125．A．match B．course C．lesson D．program

Goodish News of Climate Change
Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.
Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause? Time will tell. But whatever it is, on February 11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental 126 which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were 127 to energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) as the previous year’s.
Energy-related emissions, which include those (produced by electricity generation), heating and transport, 128 more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution. The reason why the emissions remained the same was that there was a(n) 129 in coal use, particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power.
As a result of this the CO₂-intensity of electricity generation—a(n) 130 of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced—fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour. It had already been 131 , but this is three times the average for the past decade. Such declines more than offset (抵消) the 132 of increased electricity production. The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA．
This is not the first time energy related emissions have plateaued (保持稳定). Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to 133 developing economies increased. This 134 plateau was accompanied by excited declarations that such emissions had peaked. Similar 135 have been made this week, perhaps also prematurely. Besides changes in coal use, a 136 economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.
137 , the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved. This, one of the world’s largest woodlands, has acted 138 as an absorbing sponge (海绵) for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis. Researchers at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research have shown that a vast part of the south-east of the Amazon, about one fifth of its area, has lost its 139 to absorb the gas and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead. This land has been widely deforested, so the result is little 140 . But it is disappointing.
126．A．circumstance B．environment C．contribution D．organization
127．A．available B．similar C．related D．referred
128．A．call for B．account for C．stand for D．allow for
129．A．decline B．increase C．promotion D．recovery
130．A．product B．idea C．measure D．result
131．A．floating B．falling C．disappearing D．remaining
132．A．outcome B．change C．effect D．achievement
133．A．fuel B．regulate C．handle D．expand
134．A．frequent B．previous C．natural D．disastrous
135．A．tips B．plans C．warnings D．comments
136．A．booming B．dynamic C．strong D．depressed
137．A．In addition B．By contrast C．In consequence D．In fact
138．A．accidentally B．absolutely C．historically D．correctly
139．A．prospect B．ability C．need D．decision
140．A．anger B．hope C．devotion D．surprise











1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．C

【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学的目的、意义、所取得的进步以及与科学的对比及相关话题。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：表面上看，自柏拉图写对话录以来的2500年里，我们似乎并没有太大的进步。A. progressed 进步；B. possessed 拥有；C. addressed 演说、处理；D. oppressed 欺压、压迫。根据下一句“Today’s philosophers still struggle with many of the same issues that exercised the Greeks.”（今天的哲学家们仍然在为许多同样困扰着希腊人的问题而奋斗。）可知，今天的哲学好像没有取得很大的进步。故选A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与哲学相比，科学自17世纪以现代形式出现以来，一直是一个漫长的成功故事。A. horror 恐惧；B. life 生活；C. case 案件、病例；D. success 成功。根据下一句“It has uncovered the workings of nature and brought untold benefits to humanity.”（它揭示了自然的运作方式，给人类带来了无数的好处。）可知，与哲学似乎没有取得太大进步相比，科学应该是比较成功的。故选D。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并非所有哲学家都为这种对比所困扰。A. Therefore 所以；B. Otherwise 否则；C. However 然而；D. Moreover 而且。根据第1小题“On the surface, we don’t seem to have progressed much in the two and a half millennia since Plato wrote his dialogues.”和第2小题“Compared with philosophy, science has been one long success story since it took its modem form in the 17th century.”可知，哲学似乎没有取得太大进步，而科学相对比较成功，因此应该会有一些哲学家为此困扰，但是根据本句句意，并非所有的哲学家都为此困扰，故应为转折关系。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏格拉底说过:“浑浑噩噩的生活不值得过?”他们认为人的陈述的反思本身就是有价值的。A. reflection 反射、反思、反映；C. basis 基础；D. reliance 依靠；D. evaluation 评估。根据上一句“For some, the worth of philosophy lies in the process, not the product. ”（对一些人来说，哲学的价值在于过程，而不是结果。）可知，以苏格拉底的陈述为例，他们认为对他陈述的反思过程比结果更有意义。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，大多数当代哲学家可能仍然认为哲学是通往真理的一条道路。A. equality 平等；B. truth 真理；C. destination 目的地；D. peace 和平。根据上一句“Others take their lead from Marx—“The philosophers have only interpreted the world—and view philosophy as an engine of political change, whose purpose is not to reflect reality, but to change it.”（其他人则以马克思为榜样:“哲学家们只是解释了世界，并将哲学视为政治变革的引擎，其目的不是反映现实，而是改变现实。”）可知，有些哲学家认为哲学不是为了反映现实和真理，结合本句的“Ever so”可知，大部分的哲学家还是认为哲学是反映现实和真理的。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据哲学进步的“衍生”理论，所有新的科学都是从哲学的分支开始的，只有在哲学赋予它们独立生存的基本知识手段之后，它们才能成为独立的学科。A. serve 服务；B. struggle 奋斗、斗争；C. start 开始；D. develop 发展。根据本句句意及“衍生”理论可知，新科学都是由哲学的分支开始逐步变成独立的学科的。故选C。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，认为哲学缺乏进步是错误的。A. natual 自然的；B. possible 可能的；C. difficult 困难的；D. wrong 错误的。根据第6小题“According to the “spin-off” theory of philosophical progress, all new sciences start as branches of philosophy, and only become established as separate disciplines once philosophy has granted them the essential intellectual means to survive on their own. ”可知，所有的新科学都是由哲学的分支开始，逐步成长为独立的学科的，说明它实际上是进步的，故认为哲学缺乏进步是错误的。故选D。
8．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么它的进步被不断更名的知识成果所掩盖。A. how 怎样；B. when 什么时候；C. why 为什么；D. where 在哪里。根据上一句“Whenever philosophy does make progress, it creates a new subject, which then no longer counts as part of philosophy. ”（每当哲学有了进步，它就创造了一个新的学科，这个学科就不再是哲学的一部分了。）可知，这是它的进步被掩盖的原因。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哲学并没有把一切都留给其他大学院系，它仍然保留了大量自己的问题来锻炼自己的学生。A. reserves 保留、预订；B. explains 解释；C. analyzes 分析；D. comprehends 理解。根据本“Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments”，哲学没有把一切都留给其他大学院系，说明它保留了一些问题来锻炼自己的学生。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是它似乎没有任何明确的答案。A. solution 解决办法；B. difference 区别；C. trouble 问题、麻烦；D. impression 印象。根据第9小题“Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments, and still reserves plenty of its own questions to exercise its own students. ”可知，哲学保留了一些问题来锻炼自己的学生，但是根据本句句意可知，这些问题似乎没有明确的答案，因此这对于学生来说是一个麻烦和问题。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到道德、知识、自由意志、意识等话题时，讲师们仍然在讨论一系列已经存在很长时间的选项。A. debate 辩论、讨论；B. explore 探索；C. preserve 保护；D. pursue 追求。根据第10小题“The trouble is that it doesn’t seem to have any definite answers.”可知，哲学留给学生们锻炼的问题都没有明确答案，所以讲师们需要进行讨论，来确定选项。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，哲学和科学之间的一些区别是由于它们采用不同的研究方法造成的。A. agreements 协议；B. distincitions 区别、差异；C. options 选择、选项；D. relations 关系、联系。根据本句句意并结合常识可知，哲学和科学所采用的的研究方法是不同的，因而二者之间也是不同的；结合第2小题“Compared with philosophy, science has been one long success story since it took its modem form in the 17th century. ”也可获知，哲学和科学之间是有差别的。故选B。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：哲学家的意见分歧比科学家多，这是毫无疑问的。A. generallly 通常、一般；B. frankly 坦白地、直率地；C. privately 私下地；D. scarcely 几乎不。根据上一句“Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data”（哲学依赖于分析和论证，而科学则致力于数据）和下一句“But arguments have loopholes(漏洞).”（但是争论是有漏洞的。）可知，哲学家和科学家之间一定是有意见分歧的，并且因各自依赖的依据不同，哲学家的意见分歧一定会比科学家更多，这一点几乎不容怀疑。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，哲学家们总是有足够的空间互相争论，而相比之下，科学家们不得不接受别人告诉他们的东西。A. establish 建立；B. check 检查；C. accept 接受；D. present 呈现。根据前文的“Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data.”（哲学依赖于分析和论证，而科学则致力于数据）可知，科学家是以数据为依据的，所以没有太多的争论空间，科学家们不得不接受别人告诉他们的东西。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在这些问题背后，哲学并非没有进步的能力。A. suffering 遭受；B. peaking 达到高峰；C. advancing 进步、前进；D. signaling 发信号、示意。根据第7小题“Then, it is wrong to suppose the lack of progress in philosophy.”和最后一段“Perhaps there is more progress in philosophy than at first appears, even apart from the spin-off disciplines. ”（也许哲学的进步比乍看起来要多，甚至撇开衍生理论不谈。）可知，哲学实际上是有进步的能力的。故选C。

16．C 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。A. intangible不可捉摸的；B. available可获得的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据第一段“How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.(你有多少次抱怨过飞机餐没有味道？新的研究表明，在很大程度上，“坏食物”的原因可能只是我们感知味道的能力发生了变化)”可知，研究的主要内容是为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。故选C。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气要干燥15%。A. originally起初；B. normally正常地；C. respectively分别；D. flexibly灵活地。根据后文“breathe while on the ground”指地面上正常呼吸。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在我们踏上飞机的那一刻，气味就开始变差了。A. Scent香味，气味；B. Sight视力；C. Flavor风味；D. Breath呼吸。根据上文“In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away.(在这样的环境中，我们的嗅觉能力开始减弱)”可知，嗅觉减弱，气味就开始变差了。故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。A. rewarding有益的；B. amusing有趣的；C. appetizing开胃的；D. astonishing令人吃惊的。根据上文“The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less”可知，肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。故选C。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过刺激鼻子的感觉细胞，这些空气中的分子在品尝过程中发挥着重要作用。A. adjusting调整；B. stimulating刺激；C. evaluating评估；D. consuming消耗。根据常识可知，空气中的分子会刺激鼻子的感觉细胞。故选B。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。后文在继续说明飞机餐没有吸引力的其它原因。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A. movement活动；B. noise噪音；C. strike打击；D. problem问题。根据后文“loud noises”可知，这种是噪音。故选B。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员发现，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。A. spread out展开；B. hold back抑制；C. take away带走；D. pull over停车。结合常识可知，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。故选B。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。A. complex复杂的；B. crucial重要的；C. easy容易的；D. ethical道德的。根据上文“All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions.(话虽如此，“糟糕的食物”不能完全归咎于机舱内的条件)”可推知，为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。A. requirement要求；B. argument争论；C. improvement改善；D. treatment治疗。根据上文“All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust.(所有的饭菜都必须在地上煮，这就要求食物要结实)”可知，这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。故选A。

26．B 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．B 36．A 37．D 38．D 39．B 40．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在寻找拓展业务的方法时，走向全球的意义，向国际市场扩张有助于企业成长，提高购买力，并使市场机会多样化。。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有助于公司更好地应对国内经济的变化。A. present目前的；B. domestic本国的；C. current当前的；D. industrial工业的。根据前文“expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities”可知，对应上文国际扩展，此处指“国内的经济”。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在疫情大流行之前，全球扩展几乎总是意味着国际旅行。A. rapid快速的；B. successful成功的；C. further进一步的；D. global全球的。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global?”和后文“international travel”可知，此处指“全球扩展”故选D项。
28．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. Gender性别；B. Media媒体；C. Cultural文化的；D. Political政治的。根据后文“made business expansion difficult for women”以及“both sexes”可知，此处指“性别偏见”。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破男女企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. keep保持；B. upset使颠覆，打翻，打破；C. promote促进；D. restore恢复。根据前文“____3____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”可知，由于一些国家对女性的限制，因此国际旅行不利于商务工作，可能会打破工作与生活平衡。故选B项。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：2019冠状病毒病大流行加速了全球电子商务和机遇。A. looks into调查；B. breaks down发生故障，分解；C. speeds up加速；D. responds to响应。根据常识和前文“The Covid-19 pandemic”可知，由于疫情阻隔，不能出行，所以加速了全球电子商务和机遇。故选C项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：全球正在远程开展业务，取得的成功远远超过预期。A. desperately绝望地；B. efficiently有效地；C. securely安全地；D. remotely远程地。根据前文“The Covid-19 pandemic ____5____ global e-commerce and opportunities.”可知，全球在开展电子商务，远程业务。故选D项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种向互联网商业的转变为女性提供了巨大的全球机会，因为它有效地使情况变得公平。A. fair公平的；B. worse更糟的；C. real真实的；D. reliable可信赖的。根据前文“____3____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”以及后文“Conducting business on the internet ____8____ the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle”可知，互联网商业更趋公平。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在互联网上开展业务消除了性别、种族、宗教、肤色和生活方式的复杂性，将业务简化为供需原则。A. increases增加；B. promotes促进；C. removes去掉，移除；D. illustrates说明，解释。根据后文“simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand”可知，是消除了这些问题的复杂性。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这为增长打开了更多的大门，使企业家能够在舒适的办公室里研究潜在的市场和买家的旅程。A. angle角度；B. comfort舒适；C. relief宽慰；D. imagination想象力。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“their own office”可知，在互联网上开展业务，在舒适的办公室里就能完成。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这包括在你的网站上提供你的目标消费者需要的所有信息，这样消费者就可以找到你，并自己研究他们最初问题的答案。A. desk课桌；B. website网站；C. shoulder肩膀；D. market市场。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own”可知，是在网站上提供信息。故选B项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过明确入境策略，精心编写的内容和社交媒体推广，可以为您带来有资格的买家，而不是不断地寻找新买家。A. qualified有资格的，合格的；B. wealthy富有的；C. frequent频繁的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据语境和前文“With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach”及后文“instead of continually searching for new buyers”可知，这可以带来符合要求的有资格的买家。故选A项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你的目标消费者会说多种语言，大多数人也更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买。A. intend打算；B. hesitate犹豫；C. volunteer志愿；D. prefer更喜欢。根据前文“A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language.(全球入站营销策略的一个重要部分是将网站上的重要信息翻译成目标消费者的母语。)”可知，大多数人更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买东西。故选D项。
38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一步是选择一个符合你公司目标和营销策略的市场。A. attaches to附加到；B. benefits from从中受益；C. sees through看透；D. agrees with同意，适合于。根据语境和后文“Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers.(选择一个国家，一种语言，并制定一个多语言营销策略，以确定您的目标，并为您与潜在买家联系做好准备。)”可知，是选择一个适合于公司目标和营销策略的市场。故选D项。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你为第一个国家制定了计划和流程，你就可以在准备拓展其他市场时复制它。A. commercial商业的；B. additional附加的，外加的；C. later以后的；D. private私人的。根据前文“Once you create the plan and process for the first country”可知，此处指“第一个国家之外的（即外加的其它）国家市场”。故选B项。
40．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为你的公司太小了，不能参与出口——但是考虑一下：当你利用互联网的力量时，你的公司是大是小并不重要。A. marketing营销；B. financing融资；C. exporting出口，输出；D. training训练。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global?”以及“So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion?”可知，本文建议拓展国际业务，使产品走向全球。结合句意可知，此处指“出口”。故选C项。

41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．C 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了艾萨克·牛顿对于光的研究，以及创立了“植物精神”有关的概念。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他着迷于光，并认为光与早期现代科学家所知的“植物精神”概念有着密切的关系，这是牛顿创造的一个概念。A. satisfied满意的；B. experienced熟练的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. fascinated着迷的。根据后文“with light, and believed that it had a close relationship to the concept that the early modern scientist”可知，牛顿着迷于光，并认为光与早期现代科学家所知的“植物精神”概念有着密切的关系，短语be fascinated with表示“对……着迷”。故选D。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：牛顿总是被大自然的美丽和复杂所折服。A. constantly总是；B. casually随意地；C. hardly几乎不；D. seemingly似乎。根据后文“awed by the beauty and complexity of nature. Over time”可知，牛顿总是被大自然的美丽和复杂所折服。故选A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他得出结论，自然界中发生的各种各样的生命和过程，比如生长和死亡，意味着一定有某种驱动力使这一切发生。A. development发展；B. disappearance消失；C. death死亡；D. peace和平。根据上文“such as growth and”可知与生长对应的是死亡，都属于生命的过程，故选C。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他得出结论，自然界中发生的各种各样的生命和过程，比如生长和死亡，意味着一定有某种驱动力使这一切发生。A. struggling努力；B. driving驱动；C. leading带领；D. pulling拉。根据后文“force making it all happen”可知，这里指促使这些事情发生的驱动力，故选B。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信“植物精神”就是那种力量，他认为它可能与光的力量有关。A. nature自然；B. spirit精神；C. force力量；D. power权力。呼应上文“force making it all happen”指驱动力。故选C。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些只熟悉牛顿在数学和物理学上的发现的人来说，“植物精神”的想法可能看起来很奇怪，甚至是伪科学。A. mathematics数学；B. science科学；C. spirit精神；D. nature自然。根据后文“and physics”可知，牛顿是数学家和物理学家。故选A。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些只熟悉牛顿在数学和物理学上的发现的人来说，“植物精神”的想法可能看起来很奇怪，甚至是伪科学。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. strange奇怪的；C. reasonable合理的；D. objective客观的。人们更熟悉牛顿在数学和物理学上的发现，所以“植物精神”的想法可能看起来很奇怪，甚至是伪科学。故选B。
48．考查动词/形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个想法与他不常研究的一门学科密切相关，但他花了大量时间研究炼金术。A. relevant有关的；B. stuck粘；C. dealt处理；D. associated联系的。根据后文“with a subject that he is not very often known for studying”指这个想法与他不常研究的一门学科密切相关，短语be associated with“与……相关”。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的一生中，牛顿写了大约一百万字的炼金术，这表明他对炼金术是多么的投入。A. problem问题；B. practice实践；C. mystery神秘；D. career事业。此处指对炼金术的研究与实践，故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过对炼金术的研究，牛顿希望揭开“植物精神”或生命精神的秘密。A. complete完成；B. hide隐藏；C. uncover揭露；D. restore恢复。根据后文“the secret of the ‘Vegetable spirit’ , or the spirit of life”指揭开“植物精神”或生命精神的秘密。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：炼金术的起源可以追溯到牛顿之前2000年的古埃及人和古希腊人。A. secrets秘密；B. discoverers发现者；C. origins起源；D. traditions传统。根据后文“of alchemy can be traced back 2,000 years before Newton to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks”可知这里主要在介绍炼金术的起源。故选C。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，“炼金术”这个词可能来自Khem，这是一个古希腊语对埃及的称呼。A. expert专家；B. custom习俗；C. term术语；D. subject物体。此处指“the word ‘alchemy’”这个术语是古希腊语对埃及的称呼。故选C。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管炼金术的传统经常声称炼金术的创始人是赫尔墨斯·特里斯美吉斯都，但很难将炼金术的根源与某一个人联系在一起。A. basic基本的；B. biological生物的；C. imaginary想象的；D. founding创办的。根据后文“the root of alchemy to one person”可知这里是在说明炼金术的传统的创始人。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管炼金术的传统经常声称炼金术的创始人是赫尔墨斯·特里斯美吉斯都，但很难将炼金术的根源与某一个人联系在一起。A. tie系；B. show展示；C. stick刺；D. involve参与。根据后文“the root of alchemy to one person”可知为短语tie the root of sth. to sb.表示“把某物的根源和某人联系在一起”。故选A。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：黄金是最有价值的，因此许多人把注意力集中在这种珍贵的金属上。A. popularity受欢迎；B. value价值；C. amount数量；D. usages用法。根据后文“therefore many focused their attention on this precious metal”可知，黄金在当时最有价值。故选B。

56．C 57．B 58．A 59．C 60．A 61．D 62．B 63．D 64．A 65．C 66．A 67．B 68．D 69．C 70．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了男士与女士在购物时候的一些不同之处。
56．考查介词连词词义辨析。句意：买衣服对男人和女人是不一样的。A. at在；B. that那个；C. as如同；D. in在……方面。分析句子可知，空格前后是句子，空处用连词，根据句意，用as引导方式状语从句，故选C。
57．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他的目的是预先确定的。A. at once立刻；B. in advance预先；C. ahead of提前；领先；D. on hand在手边；即将发生。根据下文“He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it”可知，男人购物的目的是预先确定好的。故选B。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道自己想要什么，他的目标就是找到并买下它；价格是一个次要的考虑因素。A. consideration考虑；B. importance重要性；C. destination目的地；终点；D. purpose目的。根据上文“He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it”可知，男人买衣服就是找到目标并买下它，价格是次要考虑的东西。故选A。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果商店有库存，售货员就会立即展示出来，然后马上让顾客试穿。A. woman女人；B. customer顾客；C. salesman推销员；售货员；D. producer生产者。根据上文“If the shop has it in stock”和下文“the business of trying it on follows at once”并结合常识可知，如果商店里有货，售货员就会拿出来让顾客试穿。故选C。
60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果一切顺利，这笔交易通常可以在5分钟内完成，几乎不需要交谈，而且每个人都满意。A. hardly几乎不；B. mostly多半；C. probably大概；也许；D. nearly 几乎。根据上文“the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes”可知，男人经常五分钟不到就能完成购物，时间很短，几乎不交谈。故选A。
61．考查连词词义辨析。句意：对于一个男人来说，当商店没有他想要的东西时，可能就会出现轻微的问题。A. before在……之前；B. although尽管；C. while当……时候；D. when当……时候。根据句意，此处用when引导时间状语从句，while后接时间段，故选D。
62．考查动词名词词义辨析。句意：在那种情况下，销售员，顾名思义，试图卖给顾客别的东西，他提供他所能提供的最接近的顾客想要的东西。A. buy买；B. sell卖；销售；C. sale销售；D. shop商店。根据上文“the salesman, as the name implies”并结合常识可知，销售员会销售其他东西给顾客。try to do sth.“努力做某事”，to是不定式符号，接动词原形。故选B。
63．考查副词词义辨析。句意：好的推销员不会不礼貌地推出这样的替代品；他很有技巧地做这些：“我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，先生，但你想试试尺寸吗？它碰巧是你提到的颜色。”A. happily快乐地；B. quietly安静地；C. kindly亲切地；D. impolitely不礼貌地。根据后句“he may say, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size?””售货员所说的话可知，好的售货员不会不礼貌地推销替代品。故选D。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它碰巧正好是你提到的颜色。A. happens碰巧；B. matters要紧；重要；C. occurs发生；D. takes花费。根据前文“he does so with skill”可知，售货员会巧妙地对顾客说：“这碰巧正好是你提到的颜色”。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。故选A。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件颜色正合适，尺寸也可能正合适，但试这件衣服是在浪费你我的时间。A. spending花费；B. enjoying喜欢；C. wasting浪费；D. taking需要。根据上文“Few men have patience with this treatment”和“This is the right color and may be the right size, but”可知，设空句子上下文是转折关系，很好有男人有耐心，因此男人对售货员的处理方式不满，所以说这是浪费彼此的时间。故选C。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对女人来说，买衣服的方式总是相反的。A. opposite相反的；B. same同样的；C. close近的；亲密的；D. similar 相识的。由下文的描述可知，与男人的购物方式相比较，女人购物的方式是相反的。故选A。
67．考查固定短语辨析。句意：她买东西通常不是根据需要。A. far from远非；B. based on基于；C. instead of代替；而不是；D. due to由于。根据后句“She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”.”可知，女人从不决定要什么，她只是“随便看看”。因此可知，女人买东西不是根据需要，be based on“以……为基础”。故选B。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她总是容易被说服；事实上，她以售货员告诉她的，甚至是同伴告诉她的为傲。A. close接近的；亲密的；B. natural自然的；C. free自由的；D. open公开的；开放的。根据下文“She will try on any number of things.”可知，女人购物容易接受别人的劝说。短语be open to“愿意接受……的”。故选D。
69．考查代词词义辨析。句意：她仅是想要找到每个人都认为适合她的东西。A. no one没有人；B. nobody没有人；C. everyone每个人；人人；D. many许多。根据上文“She will try on any number of things.”和常识可知，女人试穿许多东西，仅仅是希望买到的东西是每个人都说这是非常适合她的东西。故选C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数服装店都为等待的丈夫提供椅子。A. waiting等待；B. walking走；C. sitting坐；D. seating为……提供座位。根据前文可知，男人不愿意购物，女人喜欢试穿很多衣服，所以服装店提供椅子肯定是为了那些等待妻子的丈夫而准备的。故选A。

71．B 72．C 73．A 74．B 75．D 76．A 77．C 78．D 79．B 80．A 81．C 82．B 83．D 84．A 85．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是通过治理环境污染，分享经验，中国成为世界清洁技术的领导者。
71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. confused困惑的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. obsessed（对……）着迷的；D. connected连接的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, _____4_____ a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，Erik Solheim对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选B。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. available可获得的；B. accessible可使用的；C. sustainable可持续发展的；D. substantial实质性的。根据下文“China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year”和第9空后的“the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path”可知，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选C。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。A. evident明显的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. invisible看不见的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, _____4_____ a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。故选A。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Solheim的最新推文包括：中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。A. donating捐赠；B. contributing贡献；C. manufacturing制造；D. distributing分发。根据下文“a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。故选B。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。A. fall behind落后；B. put forward提出；C. look up查询；D. catch up赶上。根据上文“it’s time for the rest of the world to”可知，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。故选D。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾任挪威环境部长和国际发展部部长的Solheim认为，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。A. pollution污染；B. environment环境；C. ecology生态；D. emission排放。根据下文“fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade”可知，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。故选A。
77．考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去10年，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少，这表明中国的行动速度有多快。A. probably可能地；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. incredibly令人难以置信地；D. traditionally传统上。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少。故选C。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。A. biological生物的；B. advanced先进的；C. far-reaching影响深远的；D. green绿色的。根据上文“renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting”可知，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察，即中国正在迅速转向一条更可持续的道路。A. study学习；B. figures数字；C. technologies技术；D. innovation创新。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察。故选B。
80．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他说，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. despite尽管；C. regardless of不管；D. other than除了。根据下文“painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace”可知，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。故选A。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然糟糕的空气质量曾是公众经常抱怨的一个来源，但从2015年到去年，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. concentration浓度；D. weight重量。根据下文“of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。故选C。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。A. obstacle障碍；B. improvement提高；C. contribution贡献；D. cultivation培养。根据上文“About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015”可知，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。故选B。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近10年来，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，已接近发达国家水平。A. quality质量；B. flavor味道；C. deposit存款；D. proportion比例。根据下文“rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent”可知，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，空格处意为“比例”。故选D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碳强度，即单位国内生产总值的碳排放下降了34.4%，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%，而十年前为68.5%。A. accounting占（一定数量或比例）；B. making制作；C. looking看；D. applying申请。根据下文“for 56 percent of total energy consumption”可知，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%。故选A。
85．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国已经立法或修订了大约30部法律法规，其中一些专注于水资源保护，包括2017年修改的《水污染防治法》和去年生效的《长江保护法》。A. took effect生效；B. took place发生；C. took to喜欢；D. took in吸收。根据上文“Yangtze River Protection Law”可知，《长江保护法》在去年生效。故选A。

86．C 87．D 88．A 89．D 90．B 91．A 92．C 93．B 94．C 95．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了计算机要保持清洁，经常清理，介绍了保护电脑的七个建议。
86．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你遇到这样的人，你可能不想接近他，你肯定不会让他住在你的房子里。A. possibly可能地；B. regularly定期地；C. certainly当然；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“Many computers in the world are like some untidy people who never take a shower, never brush their teeth and never wash their clothes.(世界上的许多计算机就像一些从不洗澡、从不刷牙、从不洗衣服的不整洁的人)”可知，这里指不会让不整洁的人住在自己的房子里，certainly符合语境。故选C。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，这意味着从你的电脑中删除所有有害的程序、间谍软件和病毒。A. closing关闭；B. adapting适应；C. affording买得起；D. removing去除。根据后文“all harmful programs, spyware and viruses from your computer”指从电脑中删除所有有害的程序、间谍软件和病毒。故选D。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些不仅会导致电脑运行速度变慢，还会导致电脑死机。A. crash死机；B. work工作；C. disappear消失；D. update更新。根据上文“These not only cause computers to run more slowly, but also make them”可知，导致电脑运行速度变慢，还会导致电脑死机。故选A。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，你很可能会丢失重要的文件，并花很多钱来修理你的电脑。A. cleaning清理；B. washing洗涤；C. recycling回收；D. repairing修理。根据上文“When this happens, you are likely to lose important files, and spend a lot of money”可知，电脑出故障要花钱修理。故选D。
90．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：永远不要打开任何附在电子邮件上的文件，即使是来自朋友的，尽管你完全确定它包含什么内容。A. when当……时候；B. unless除非；C. though即使；D. because因为。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，应用though。故选B。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你可能会得到一个坏的惊喜，当你发现你已经让病毒进入你的计算机。A. virus病毒；B. file文件；C. e-mail邮件；D. picture图片。根据上文“you may get a bad surprise”可知，坏的惊喜，说明文件携带病毒。故选A。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己免受间谍软件的侵害，只从你知道自己可以信任的网站下载软件。A. use使用；B. find找到；C. trust信任；D. visit拜访。根据上文“To protect yourself against spyware, only download software from websites that you know you can”可知，要保护自己免受间谍软件的侵害，应该是只从你知道自己可以信任的网站下载软件。故选C。
93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了防止黑客入侵，确保你所有的密码都由不同的字母、数字或符号组成，避免使用简单的单词或你的出生日期。A. made out of制造；B. made up of组成；C. made use of利用；D. made sure of确保。根据后文“different letters, numbers or symbols”指密码要由不同的字母、数字或符号组成。故选B。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要让它在连接的情况下整夜联网——你在线的时间越长，电脑受到攻击的可能性就越大。A. charged收费；B. operated操作；C. connected连接；D. managed设法。根据后文“the longer you are online, the greater the chances of something attacking your computer”可知，你在线的时间越长，电脑受到攻击的可能性就越大，说明不应该让电脑整夜联网。故选C。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：请记住，一台干净的计算机是一台健康的计算机——只需稍加努力，将来就可以为自己节省大量的时间和金钱。A. clean干净的；B. latest最新的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. convenient方便的。根据后文“computer is a healthy one”可知，健康的计算机也是干净，没有中病毒的计算机。故选A。

96．B 97．C 98．B 99．D 100．D 101．B 102．A 103．B 104．B 105．A 106．C 107．A 108．C 109．D 110．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查研究，研究表明社交媒体、电子设备对学生的心理健康的不良影响，引起家长的担忧。
96．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Chavis告诉学生不要回复这些通知。A. switch on打开；B. respond to回应；C. open up拆开，开通；D. call at到……进行短暂访问。根据前文“For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.”及后文“similar experiments”可知，老师是在做实验，统计数目，不让学生回复这些通知。故选B项。
97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全国各地的教师都做过类似的实验，通常会在白板上记录几十个标记。A. interpreting诠释；B. comparing比较；C. recording记录；D. teaching教学。根据前文“For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.”可知，实验结果是在白板上记录了许多标记。故选C项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授荣誉等级课程的Chavis对她的实验结果感到震惊。A. moved使感动；B. shocked使震惊；C. delighted使高兴；D. saddened使悲伤。根据语境和前文“usually 　　2　　 dozens of markings on the whiteboard”可知，老师对实验结果感到震惊。故选B项。
99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chavis是越来越多的教师、家长和健康专家中的一员，他们认为智能手机现在是增加学生焦虑程度的部分原因。A. approval批准；B. enrolment注册；C. commitment承诺；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下一段中“smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，智能手机增加学生的焦虑程度。故选D项。
100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电子设备的使用如此广泛，以至于美国国家教育协会通讯称这是一场“心理健康海啸”。A. convenient方便的；B. unique独特的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. widespread广泛的。根据后文“it was a ‘mental health tsunami (海啸)’”及第五段中“too much social media use”可知，电子设备被广泛使用。故选D项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考试、课后活动和家庭问题会增加学生的压力。A. disorder紊乱；B. stress压力，紧张；C. confusion混淆；D. pain痛苦。根据后文“the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，此处指学生的“压力”。故选B项。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在的研究表明，智能手机和社交媒体是不安情绪上升的一些主要原因。A. suggests建议，表明，暗示；B. analyses分析；C. recommends推荐；D. expresses表达。根据后文“smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，这是研究所表明的结果。故选A项。
103．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：三名研究人员写道，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致严重影响青少年的心理健康障碍，如孤立感、抑郁和焦虑。A. result from起因于；B. contribute to贡献于，促成，是……的部分原因；C. cut down削减；D. push for推动。根据前文“too much social media use”和后文“the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers”可知，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致青少年的心理健康障碍。故选B项。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三名研究人员写道，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致严重影响青少年的心理健康障碍，如孤立感、抑郁和焦虑。A. pride骄傲；B. isolation孤独；C. guilt内疚；D. love爱。根据前文“mental health disturbance”及后文“depression and anxiety”可知，孤独感属于心理健康障碍。故选B项。
105．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据Pew研究中心的一份报告，70%的青少年认为焦虑和抑郁是同龄人的主要问题。A. Yet然而；B. Even甚至；C. Otherwise否则；D. Thus因此，从而。后文“70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers”和前文“Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use.”之间存在转折关系。故选A项。
106．考查形容词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：近60%的家长表示，他们担心社交媒体对孩子身心健康的影响。A. excited激动的；B. doubtful可疑的；C. concerned担心的，关注的；D. warned被警告的。根据语境和后文“the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health”可知，对孩子身心健康的影响引起家长的担心。故选C项。
107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多公立学校付钱给外部公司，让他们观察学生的社交媒体活动，寻找焦虑的迹象。A. distress忧虑，悲伤；B. participation参与；C. dropout退出；D. crime罪行。根据前文“　　10　　 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers”可知，他们在调查焦虑（忧虑）的迹象。故选A项。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人则邀请瑜伽老师和安抚犬来帮助学生平静下来。A. handle处理；B. encourage鼓励；C. calm使镇静；D. inspire激励。根据前文“invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs”可知，他们邀请瑜伽老师和安抚犬来帮助学生平静下来。故选C项。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不到20%的学生和学校员工参加了此次活动，显示出科技对他们日常生活的控制。A. restoring恢复；B. worsening恶化；C. causing引起；D. showing显示，表明。根据前文“unplugged events”和后文“the control that technology has over their daily lives”可知，实验结果显示出科技对日常生活的控制。故选D项。
110．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：新泽西州的Deirdre Birmingham参加了一项名为“等到十八岁”的活动，因为她认为自己热爱电子游戏的10岁儿子还没有准备好智能手机。A. joined in参加；B. stepped up增强，提高；C. went against反对，违背；D. appealed to吸引，呼吁。根据后文“a campaign called ‘Wait Until Eighteenth’”可知，此处指参加了一项活动。故选A项。

111．B 112．D 113．B 114．D 115．C 116．C 117．D 118．A 119．B 120．D 121．D 122．C 123．B 124．A 125．B

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了大学时一个微型社会，给我们提供了很多实践的机会。但我们需要在埋头苦学和忙于社交之间把握好度，不要走极端。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数的人认为我们读大学是为了接受教育，成为有学问的人，并在完成学业后对社会有帮助。A. leaders领导；B. scholars学者，有学问的人；C. ancestors祖先；D. authorities权威。根据前文“we go to college in order to be educated”可知，此处指上大学是为了接受教育，成为有学问的人，故选B。
112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. helpless无助的；B. enjoyable高兴的；C. practical实际的；D. useful有用的。根据空后“to our society when we complete our studies.”可知，此处指完成学业后成为一个对社会有帮助的人。故选D。
113．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们上大学不仅是为了学习知识，而且还应让自己为真正的世界做好准备，因为大学时一个微型社会。A. organization机构；B. society社会；C. group团体；D. band乐队。根据后文“Thus, it teaches us how to 　　4　　 relationships between different kinds of people later. College life provides many 　　5　　, which is a stepping stone in the real world”可知，此处指大学时一个微型社会，它教会我们如何与人相处，是真实社会的一个跳板，故选B。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此。它教会我们如何处理与不同人之间的关系。A. transport运输；B. unload卸货；C. release释放；D. handle处理。根据空后“relationships between different kinds of people later.”可知，此处指处理人际关系，故选D。
115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学生活提供了很多活动，这是通往现实世界的垫脚石。A. disputes争论；B. conflicts分歧，争论；C. activities活动；D. communities团体，群体。根据后文“which is a stepping stone in the real world.”可知，此处指大学提供了很多活动，参加这些活动是通往现实世界的垫脚石，故选C。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学教育同样也培养学生清晰的思维和批判性的思维的能力。A. chooses选择；B. assigns分配；C. trains培训，训练；D. employs雇佣。根据空后“a student to develop a mind that is able to think clearly and critically.”可知，此处指大学教育训练学生学会清楚地思考，学会批判性地思考，故选C。
117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在大学时，我们应该尽可能多地与老师交流。A. quick快速的；B. slow缓慢的；C. continuous持续的；D. frequent频繁的。根据后文“They are as human as we are but with a wider 　　8　　 of knowledge than we do which can help 　　9　　 our secret little problems.”可知，此处指老师知识面广，能帮助我们解决问题，因此我们要尽可能频繁的与老师沟通，交流，故选D。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师和我们一样是人，但是他们的知识面比我们广，且能帮助我们解决我们内心的问题。A. range范围；B. reach可到达的距离；C. control控制力；D. distance距离。根据空前后“with a wider 　　8　　 of knowledge than we do”可知，此处指老师的知识范围，知识面比我们更广，故选A。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. suggest建议；B. solve解决；C. discover解决；D. explain解释。根据空后“our secret little problems.”可知，此处指老师能帮助解决我们内心的问题，故选B。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们除了教授我们学科知识外，还能在很多方面帮助我们。A. symbols象征；B. imaginations想象力；C. contributions贡献；D. subjects学科，科目。根据空前“teaching us school”可知，此处指老师教授我们学科知识，故选D。
121．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们中有些人往往会走极端。A. ends尽头；B. peaks山峰；C. degrees等级；D. extremes极端。根据后文的提示“Thus we must steer(把握方向) the middle 　　15　　 between these two extremes.”可知，此处指有些人总是走极端，故选D。
122．考查动词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们要么太沉迷学习而成为了书虫，要么就太忙于校外活动。A. held举行；B. left剩余的；C. occupied忙于……的；D. remained剩余，留下。根据空后“by off-campus activities.”可知，此处指忙于校外活动，故选C。
123．考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，前者是学校的得意门生，当时在以后的事业中并不一定会成功，因为他们缺少真实人类相关的知识，而且他们也没什么兴趣爱好。A. doubtfully有疑问地；B. doubtlessly毫无疑问地；C. nearly几乎，差不多；D. exactly确切地。根据空后“are star pupils at college”可知，此处指那些沉迷学习的人毫无疑问是学校的得意门生，故选B。
124．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. narrow窄的；B. broad宽广的；C. correct正确的；D. foolish愚蠢的。根据前文“We are either too fond of studies and become bookworms”可知，此处指那些沉迷学习的人兴趣范围窄，没有什么兴趣爱好，故选A。
125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们必须在这两个极端之间把握好方向。A. match比赛；B. course道路；C. lesson教训，课程；D. program项目。根据空前“Thus we must steer(把握方向) the middle”可知，此处指在这两个极端之间，我们应该走中间道路，把握好方向，故选B。

126．D 127．C 128．B 129．A 130．C 131．B 132．C 133．A 134．B 135．D 136．D 137．A 138．C 139．B 140．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了目前，与能源生产有关的二氧化碳排放量已经稳定，并分析了原因。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2月11日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国际能源署（IEA）宣布，2019年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平（333亿吨）。A. circumstance情况；B. environment环境；C. contribution贡献；D. organization组织。空处为上文“the International Energy Agency (IEA)”的同位语，说明这是一个组织。故选D。
127．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2月11日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国际能源署（IEA）宣布，2019年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平（333亿吨）。A. available可用的；B. similar类似的；C. related相关的；D. referred被提及的。根据第一段“Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.”可知，此处说的是与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量。故选C。
128．考查动词短语辨析。句意：与能源相关的排放，包括（发电产生的）、供暖和运输，占世界工业二氧化碳排放量的70%以上₂ 污染排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量增加，特别是在富裕国家，再加上可再生能源的使用量增加。A. call for呼吁；B. account for占；C. stand for代表；D. allow for考虑到。根据下文“ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution”可知，与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量占世界工业二氧化碳污染的70%以上。故选B。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量减少了，特别是在富裕国家，同时可再生能源的使用量增加了。A. decline拒绝；B. increase增加；C. promotion晋升；D. recovery恢复。根据下文“particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power”可知，煤炭的使用量的减少和可再生资源使用量的增加，造成煤炭使用量减少了。故选A。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，CO₂-发电强度——衡量每千瓦时生产的汽油排放多少气体的指标——下降了近6.5%，达到340克一氧化碳₂ 每千瓦时。A. product产品；B. idea想法；C. measure方法，措施；D. result后果。根据下文“how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced”可知，这是一种衡量方法。故选C。
131．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经在下降，但这是过去十年平均水平的三倍。A. floating浮动；B. falling下降；C. disappearing消失；D. remaining剩下。根据上文“fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour”可知，尽管下降了，但是仍旧是过去十年平均水平的30倍。故选B。
132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种下降抵消了电力生产增加的影响。A. outcome结果；B. change改变；C. effect效果；D. achievement成就。根据下文“The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA.”可知，减少了排放量抵消了增加的发电量所造成的影响。故选C。
133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013年至2016年间，煤炭产量每年徘徊在322亿吨左右，2017年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。A. fuel提供燃料；B. regulate调节；C. handle处理；D. expand扩大。根据上文“before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal ”可知，2017年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。故选A。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此之前的平稳期伴随着激动的声明，即此类排放已达到峰值。A. frequent频繁的；B. previous之前的；C. natural天然的；D. disastrous灾难性的，极糟糕的。根据上文“Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____8____ developing economies increased.”可知，此处说明以前出现的高原现象。故选B。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周也有人发表了类似的评论，也许也是过早的。A. tips提示；B. plans计划；C. warnings警告；D. comments评论。根据下文“perhaps also prematurely”可知，本周有人给出了类似的评论。故选D。
136．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了煤炭使用的变化之外，低迷的经济可能也起到了一定的作用，数据显示，气候比平时温和，导致了几个拥有大量碳需求经济体的国家的排放量明显下降。A. booming蓬勃发展的；B. dynamic动态的；C. strong强的；D. depressed经济萧条的。根据下文“the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies”可知，煤炭的使用，疲软的经济也起到了重要的作用，降低了二氧化碳的增长。故选D。
137．考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In consequence结果；D. In fact事实上。根据下文“the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved”可知，除此之外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。故选A。
138．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最大的林地之一，历史上一直作为吸收二氧化碳的海绵，通过光合成将其从大气中去除。A. accidentally意外；B. absolutely绝对；C. historically历史上；D. correctly正确地。根据空后“as an absorbing sponge for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis”可知，作为世界上最大的森林，从历史上亚马逊热带雨林就充当吸收二氧化碳的作用。故选C。故选C。
139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴西国家空间研究所（National Institute for Space Research）的研究人员表明，亚马逊东南部的大部分地区（约占其面积的五分之一）已经失去了吸收气体的能力，现在反而成为了大气中的净排放源。A. prospect前景；B. ability能力；C. need需要；D. decision决定。根据下文“and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead”可知，这个地区已经失去了吸收气体的能力。故选B。
140．考查词义辨析。句意：这片土地被广泛砍伐，因此结果并不令人惊讶。但这令人失望。A. anger愤怒；B. hope希望；C. devotion献身精神；D. surprise惊喜。根据“This land has been widely deforested”可知，因为大量砍伐，因此这样的结果并不令人惊讶。故选D。