浙江高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份浙江高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共43页。

阅读理解
A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms. It often follows a viral infection which can lead to a “disruption” in a balanced gut ecosystem. Actually, an increasing number of Americans have been the sufferers since the outbreak of COVID-19.
Two recent studies published in Cell Host &Microbe point to changes in the microbiome as a possible cause of CFS. Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls.
The two groups found similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients compared to control patients. They focused on bacteria that produce butyrate, a fatty acid involved in regulating metabolism and the immune system. “Butyrate plays several roles in directing the body’s response to infections, while also protecting the barrier between the intestine (肠) and the circulatory system, regulating genetic changes in cells, and more,” says Brent Williams, lead author on the Columbia study. Williams and his colleagues extensively analyzed the role of butyrate in CFS patients’ guts, even identifying a correlation between low levels of bacteria that produce this acid and more severe symptoms.
Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS. Previous research has identified microbiome issues in CFS patients, but the new findings help clarify which microbes could be related to the illness.
More research on butyrate-producing bacteria and other species identified in the studies is necessary to investigate these potential biomarkers of CFS, the authors say. If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone.
The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system.
1．What do we know about CFS?
A．It is caused by COVID-19 only. B．It is an illness with systemic symptoms.
C．It breaks the balance of the gut ecosystem. D．The number of the infected is on the decrease.
2．How did the researcher carry out the recent studies?
A．By controlling data. B．By identifying genes.
C．By analyzing samples. D．By comparing symptoms.
3．Which of the following is NOT the significance of the recent researches?
A．Butyrate’s multiple functions are promoted.
B．Targeted gut microbes may be used to diagnose CFS.
C．Certain microbes responsible for CFS are narrowed down.
D．Probiotics supplement with drugs can be a treatment for CFS.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Gut microbiome may be the key to CFS. B．Microbes help digest food and aid absorption.
C．Man’s gut is a rich, diverse tropical rainforest. D．New method for diagnosing CFS are provided.

Temples have long served an important role since the early years of civilization. Whether you are seeking a sense of spiritual enlightenment or looking to learn more about a certain religion, these beautiful temples are worth a stop on your vacation.
Paro Taktsang in the Paro Valley, Bhutan
Situated on a steep cliff in Bhutan’s Paro Valley, the “Tiger’s Nest” earned its nickname from an 18th-century tale detailing Buddhist master Padmasambhava arriving to the site on a flying tiger. The journey to the cliffside is quite the challenge, requiring guests to climb two hours on a steep trail.
Seiganto-ji in Nachikatsuura, Japan
Neighboring the tallest waterfall and set against the lush trees of Nachi, Seiganto-ji dates back to the 4th century. Seiganto-ji is now the first stop on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage, where individuals travel to 33 Buddhist temples throughout the Kansai region of Japan.
Man Mo Temple in Hong Kong
This Buddhist and Taoist temple was built to honor the god of literature and the god of war, and the inscriptions found in the temple hall imply its construction may have taken place around 1847. It is still highly active and visited by local worshippers, so it’s asked that any visitor coming to the temple is prohibited from taking photos out of respect.
Kek Lok Si Temple, Malaysia
Penang is often touted(吹捧) for its sandy beaches and emerald blue waters, but it’s also home to the largest Buddhist temple in Malaysia. A melting pot of cultures, the temple’s architecture showcases Chinese, Thai, and Burmese styles throughout its stunning seven stories. It’s estimated there are 10,000statues of Buddha depicted throughout its main pagodas(宝塔).
5．If you hope to enjoy a sea view, which temple is the best choice?
A．Paro Taktsang in the Paro Valley, Bhutan. B．Seiganto-ji in Nachikatsuura, Japan.
C．Man Mo Temple in Hong Kong. D．Kek Lok Si Temple, Malaysia.
6．What do we know from the text?
A．Kek Lok Si Temple is the largest temple in Malaysia.
B．Paro Taktsang earned its nickname due to its unique location.
C．Seiganto-ji is a time-honored temple with magnificent surroundings.
D．Visitors tend to take photos to show their respect for Man Mo Temple.
7．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A travel journal. B．A tourist brochure.
C．A geography textbook. D．An academic article.

Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information.
So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance?
Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state.
Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term.
In this other study, this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures — from upright to very slumped (消沉) — in order to note their influences on mood and cognition.
A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture.
Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time.
8．Why does the writer mention the studies at the beginning?
A．To introduce what cognitive performance is.
B．To emphasize the importance of body posture.
C．To prove the results of those studies are wrong.
D．To raise a new question to be studied and solved.
9．What does the underlined word “hunched” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Straightened. B．Bent. C．Loose. D．Solid.
10．What does the first study indicate?
A．Posture influences our mental state. B．Straightening up has a negative effect.
C．Gazing upward builds up confidence. D．Walking posture is especially important.
11．What can we learn about sitting upright?
A．It has mental and physical benefits. B．It helps improve the test pass rate.
C．It requires sitting for a long time. D．It increases the blood pressure.

The London Book Fair
Time and Location
The London Book Fair will take place 18 — 20 June, 2023, Olympia London.
Children’s & Young Adult
Our Children’s & Young Adult section traditionally welcomes the leading names in the field to exhibit. These companies enjoy noisy passageways full of visitors and benefit from the opportunity to increase brand awareness. However, any children under 16 are not allowed to be at The London Book Fair.
Authors & Self-Publishing
Author HQ, which consists of a theatre and networking area, is one of our most popular features, attracting great interest from the self-publishing community. Meanwhile, our Author of the Day programme helps bring writers face-to-face with bestselling authors who will share their journey to publication during a special series of talks at the fair.
Technology and Publishing Solutions
All the new ways to treat content are found in the Tech area at LBF, located in the National Gallery of Olympia. Whether it is an app, game, mobile development or enhanced eBook — or a development not yet launched — the Tech area is its home. To keep the creativity flowing, there is a dedicated Buzz Bar in the heart of the Tech area for those all-important networking meetings.
BA Members
BA Members attend the fair for FREE and receive a number of key benefits, making the fair a more accessible, cost-effective and highly relevant event for booksellers. Simply click here to find out more about becoming a BA member and take advantage of this offer.
If you have any further difficulties, please contact our Customer Services team who will be happy to help.
12．Who will be welcomed by the London Book Fair?
A．A mother with a kid. B．A green hand writer.
C．A primary school student. D．A visitor getting to London in July.
13．What should we do to gain more benefits on the fair?
A．Apply for BA members. B．Attend networking meetings.
C．Increase brand awareness. D．Contact Customer Services team.
14．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook.
B．A newspaper.
C．A website.
D．A fashion magazine.

A giant sunfish, about nine feet long, was caught on camera by kayakers off the coast of California. Ocean sunfish and southern sunfish are the world’s biggest bony fish, and they are both found in the Pacific Ocean. Adult ocean sunfish may reach more than 4,000 pounds, which is the same weight as an adult male rhinoceros (犀牛).
During a trip off the coast of Laguna Shore on December 2, Rich German and his friend Matthew Wheaton came across the massive sunfish just a few hundred yards from the beach. They then dialed 911. According to German, who talked to the media, this was the biggest sunfish that any of them had ever encountered.
Sunfish are a genuinely global species that can be found all over the world, but they spend their whole lives in the open ocean. Therefore, encounters like these are few and far between.
German captured images and footage of the sunfish. An underwater close-up shot of a sunfish as it wanders past the camera is included in one of the short films. “It was a one-of-a-kind and really interesting event,” German said of the most recent encounter, which he described as “another indication of why we need to conserve the ocean and the incredible creatures that call it home.”
Beyond its particular shape without the caudal fin (尾鳍), the species also surprises us with its impressive size, up to 3.10 meters long, which allows it to have few natural enemies. However, as a great lover of jellyfish (水母), its greed for food often leads it to confuse plastic bags with its favorite dish, making seawater pollution one of its main threats alongside overfishing.
Behind its impressive size, the sunfish is a harmless swimmer who today faces many threats. The sharp decline observed among its populations is due not to other sea animals of which it would be the food but to human activities which participate in destroying its habitat.
15．Why is the chance to encounter sunfish off the coast small?
A．It has impressive size. B．Its habitat has been destroyed.
C．It usually lives far from the coast. D．An adult ocean sunfish is too heavy.
16．What does German think of the encounter?
A．Encouraging and pitiful. B．Interesting and dangerous.
C．Anticipated and incredible. D．Impressive and meaningful.
17．What do we know about sunfish according to the text?
A．It’s greedy for food to support. B．It’s threatened by other sea animals.
C．It suffers from seawater pollution. D．It mistakes jellyfish for plastic bags.
18．Which could be a suitable title for the passage?
A．The Biggest Sunfish in the World Was Encountered
B．Why We Need to Conserve the Ocean as the Habitat
C．Sharp Decline Observed Among Sunfish’s Populations
D．Giant Ocean Sunfish Filmed off the Coast of California

TAMPA, Fla,—At USF, 21-year-old Alexander Mercier of Odessa, majored in mathematics and microbiology, which leads him to start important research that may make him the school’s first Rhodes Scholar.
“I would say I am stubborn,” explained Mercier, who could hear as early as Saturday if he gets the honor. He says the honor is due to more than just brains. Instead, it was determination that made him an accomplished pianist. He says his biggest natural talent was drawing and he also has a love of art. But it was math that attracted him and he wouldn’t let go. He was studying how math may help control the spread of diseases.
“I would sleep on the couch next to the computer,” he said. “I saw a gap in epidemiological (流行病学的) research in the study of how diseases spread. I didn’t know at the time that it would become one of the most important topics in the world.”
While his work is timely and important, there’s lots of competition. Eleven other finalists from this region of the country are also vying for the honor. They attend schools like MIT, Stanford and the University of Chicago.
Mercier owes it to his school that he can have as good a chance as any of the others and he feels that USF has prepared him well. If he doesn’t win the honor and get to study expense-free at Oxford, he says he’ll have many options. “I will continue to do the work that I enjoy and that I think will benefit people,” he said.
Some are surprised that USF hasn’t had a previous Rhodes Scholar. However, many schools haven’t had one. Only 32 are selected each year from across the nation. USF has only been in existence since 1956. By contrast, the first classes at Oxford were held in 1096.
19．Why did Mercier choose to major in mathematics and microbiology?
A．He saw its bright future. B．He has a passion for math.
C．He wants to win the honor. D．He is talented in this field.
20．Which expression can best replace the underlined phrase “vying for”?
A．Hunting for. B．Applying for.
C．Allowing for. D．Competing for.
21．What can we infer about Mercier?
A．He will study art at Oxford. B．He tries to become a pianist.
C．He is grateful to his school. D．He studies how diseases exist.
22．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A senior could be USF’s first Rhodes Scholar.
B．32 students are selected for Rhodes Scholar.
C．Math may help control the spread of diseases.
D．A senior found the most vital topics in the world.

I always felt sorry for the people in wheelchairs. Some people, old and weak, cannot get around by themselves. Others seem perfectly healthy, dressed in business suits. But whenever I saw someone in a wheelchair, I only saw a disability, not a person.Then I fainted (晕倒) at Euro Disney due to low blood pressure.This was the first time I had ever fainted, and my parents said that I must rest for a while after First Aid. I agreed to take it easy but,as I stepped towards the door, I saw my dad pushing a wheelchair in my direction. Feeling the colour burn my cheeks, I asked him to wheel that thing right back to where he found it.
I could not believe this was happening to me. Wheelchairs were fine for other people but not for me, as my father wheeled me out into the main street, people immediately began to treat me differently.Little kids ran in front of me, forcing my father to stop the wheelchair suddenly. Bitterness set in as I was thrown back and forth. “Stupid kids ... they have perfectly good legs. Why can’t they watch where they are going?” I thought. People stared down at me, with pity in their eyes. Then they would look away, maybe because they thought the sooner they forgot me the better.
“I’m just like you!” I wanted to scream. “The only difference is that you’ve got legs and I have wheels.
People in wheelchairs are not stupid. They see every look and hear each word. Looking out at the faces, I finally understood: I was once just like them. I treated people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not want to be treated. I realised it is some of us with two healthy legs who are truly disabled.
23．Facing the wheelchair for the first time, the author .
A．felt curious about it
B．got ready to move around in it right away
C．thought it was ready for her father
D．refused to accept it right away
24．The experience of the author tells us that .
A．life is the best teacher
B．people often eat their bitter fruit
C．life is so changeable that nobody can predict
D．one should never do to others what he would not like others do to him
25．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．How to Get Used to Wheelchairs
B．Wheelchairs Are as Good as Two Legs
C．People with Two Legs Are Truly Healthy
D．The Difference Between Healthy People and the Disabled

Sammie Welch was traveling with her three-year-old son Ryan from Birmingham to Plymouth last Thursday. She tried to keep him entertained on the three-and-a-half-hour journey. “He was eating his dinner! We were laughing at the fact that he kept calling his grapes strawberries,” Ms Welch said. “We were playing together and I was trying to keep him quiet. He normally gets quite bored and rowdy on the train. So I was doing my best to entertain him as much as I could.”
After finishing his dinner, the boy tell asleep on the seat next to her mother. When a man boarded the crowded train, the mother pulled her son onto her lap (大腿). So the man could sit down. Ms Welch, an unemployed IT technician, made her son move for another passenger. After a few minutes, an unknown stranger walked past and handed Ms Welch a note and money before getting off the train straight away. In the note, the passenger called himself “Man on the train at table with glasses and hat”.He praised the mother’s behaviour and left her £5 to buy herself a drink.
Ms Welch, 23, who comes from Crewe but now lives in Plymouth, said she didn’t find out the stranger’s name and created a Facebook page to find him. “I never had the chance to thank him as he got off. And I couldn’t move due to my son being asleep on me,” She wrote on the social networking site. “I don’t think what I have done is a big matter. I would love to have the opportunity to thank this man personally. So I hope this message could help me find him.”
26．What was the aim of Ms Welch’s playing with Ryan?
A．Teaching the right name of grapes. B．Feeding him as much as possible.
C．Making him feel fun on the train. D．Letting him learn something new.
27．The underlined word “rowdy” in the first paragraph may mean .
A．upset B．smart
C．lucky D．noisy
28．Why did the stranger give Sammie Welch money?
A．Because he wanted her seat. B．Because she gave her drink to strangers.
C．Because she made room for another passenger. D．Because she pulled her son on the table.

Money Doesn’t Buy Happiness
As part of the environmental group on campus, my friends and I recently invited a recent college graduate, Colin Davis, to lecture about his deeds in climate change.
Davis graduated from Trinity College last spring. Despite a tempting (诱人的) internship (实习期) from Goldman Sachs that thousands of people dream about. Davis chose to ride a bike across the US to interview environmental experts.
Davis wasn’t a born environmentalist. To prove his bike ride, he had to find a “trendy (新潮的), sexy and good cause”. The cause was climate change. But Davis became more concerned than ever about this issue after the cross-country bike ride. He read hundreds of books on climate change and environmental consulting. Now, he works for non-profitable organizations and serves as a consultant for energy efficiency.
One of his messages during his talk, “shopping with a moral in mind” occurred in my mind again and again throughout the day.
Facing two similar products in a market, do we stop and read the back before throwing the product into our cart (推车)? We all live in a fast-paced society, but it doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t take a minute to choose a product that’s safer for our bodies and better for the environment. Davis made me know how important it is to be a smart consumer, by supporting organic (有机的) food and green products instead of only looking at the brands.
With little age gap and his unique way of presenting serious messages in a light tone, Davis captured the attention of most non “hardcore (中坚的) environmentalists” students. Davis said. “Working for a good cause makes me feel better than being an investment (投资) banker.”
29．The bike ride across the US ________.
A．realized Davis’s long-time dream of finding out more about climate change
B．had Davis regretting refusing the internship from Goldman Sachs
C．made Davis all the more fascinated by the issue of climate change
D．satisfied Davis because he had made it trendy and profitable
30．“Shopping with a moral in mind” means that ________.
A．one should be a smart consumer by calculating the product’s value against price
B．we should stop and read the instructions about calories or health ingredients
C．we should choose more environment-friendly products
D．it’s a good point to buy brand products
31．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．nowadays American young people prefer working for a good cause to a high-paid company
B．Davis did a great job in raising environmental awareness
C．you have to be rich enough to support organic food
D．brand products are not always quality products

● Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen Foxe
Type: Fantasy
When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see.
Targeted readers: People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book.
● A Hundred Horses by Sarah Lean
Type: Mystery
During her visits to her aunt and cousins, the wooden horse Nell is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angels true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where is it? Nell doesn’t know, but Angel might know.
Targeted readers: Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.
● How to Catch a Boggle by Catherine Junk’s
Type: Fantasy
Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin hunter (猎人) in the forest. When kids go missing, it’s up to her to figure out why.
Targeted readers: Anyone who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book.
● I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris Greenstein
Type: Fiction
After a car accident Jamie loses his family, so he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He has been recently honored the Funniest Kid Comic of New York State.
Targeted readers: This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books.
32．Who tells a story about a girl saving the world?
A．Sarah Lean. B．Karen Foxe.
C．Catherine Junk’s. D．James Patterson and Chris Greenstein.
33．Nature lovers may take interest in________.   
A．A Hundred Horses
B．How to Catch a Boggle
C．Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy
D．I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story
34．Who goes through life challenges without losing heart?
A．Ophelia. B．Nell. C．Birdie. D．Jamie.

Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonging to the Shu Kingdom existed at least 4, 800 years ago, and lasted more than 2, 000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city-states around 200 AD．Despite the differences in ages, the bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth, and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar.
While the time span between the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings show the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their world view through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that at this latitude (纬度) both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains. Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is of vital importance,” says Santos.
35．What is the similarity between the Shu Kingdom and the Maya civilization?
A．Their starting time. B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols. D．Their ceremony traditions.
36．What have the findings at the Sanxingdui ruins proved?
A．Silk was a common clothing material then.
B．Human cultures shared similarities free from time and space.
C．There were bronze-made trees in ancient Maya.
D．The Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact.
37．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins?
A．Wet weather. B．Positioning of ruins. C．High latitude. D．Language barriers.
38．What is the focus of Santos’ quote in the last paragraph?
A．The future of China-Mexico cooperation.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.

How does it feel inside your head? Maybe you’ re daydreaming, allowing your mind to wander. Or maybe it feels fresh and sharp. Maybe your thoughts are in the state of “flow”. More likely, however, your brain is in a mess.
From the widespread reports of a post-pandemic “brain fog” and the books on “deep work” and “stolen focus” to the problem of ADHD in adults and children, it seems we are increasingly concerned by our ability to get focused. Early last year, the Center for Attention Studies at King’s College London found that 49% of 2,000 adults surveyed felt their attention length was shorter than it used to be. Almost as many (47%) agreed that “‘deep thinking’ has become a thing of the past”.
“I’ve studied hundreds of people over the decades, and many people report feeling distracted and having a loss of control,” says Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, over Zoom. “But not everybody,” she adds. Mark has been researching human-computer interaction and technology’s effects on our day-to-day lives since the mid-1990s. Now, in her first book Attention Length: Finding Focus for a Fulfilling Life, Mark brings together her findings, and the results are shocking. It’s not as simple-as “flow”good, screens bad. Most strikingly, it is not even the case that we should necessarily struggle to focus at all.
Broadly speaking, there are two schools of thought on attention. The first argues that we haven’t lost our ability to focus, but it has been “stolen” from us by technology. We may develop strategies to resist its effect, such as blocking software or switching to a “brick phone”. Those in the second camp object to this: they insist that most of our struggles with focus are more to do with self-control. Could it be that you’re just not that motivated? Mark believes that neither of these views is quite right, holding our digital lives have changed so fast, we have found ourselves struggling to keep up or safeguard ourselves. “That’s why I think we’ve got to this point, where we’re having such a hard time controlling our attention, because we haven’t figured out yet how we can use this technology wisely in our lives.”
39．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To compare the striking findings.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To present the background information.
40．Which of the following might replace the underlined word “distracted” in Para 3?
A．Upset. B．Puzzled.
C．Self-centered. D．Absent-minded.
41．According to Mark, why do we have our focus stolen?
A．Technology weakens our ability to get focused.
B．Technology develops too fast for us to keep up.
C．We lose control of ourselves when using technology.
D．We fail to take advantage of the technology properly.
42．Where is this article most likely to be taken from?
A．Science magazine. B．Medical report.
C．Entertainment weekly. D．Physics textbook.

It had been a very busy day with a number of client meetings, so when I parked my car in the city some distance from my last appointment, I was hoping that it would be a quick one so that I could then beat the afternoon city rush hour.
I had a very important family document that needed to be signed by a large government department. As I stepped out of the lift on the third floor, it was a relief to find that there were only two people ahead of me in what I had anticipated would be a long queue, so I was expecting that it would be a simple and quick process.
Within a few minutes. I was in discussion with the customer service attendant as he outlined why he considered that my documentation could not be signed. I was very annoyed with his very unbearable explanation of what needed to be done, so I asked him if there was any way he could help me to have the paperwork signed on the spot and avoid a further delay. His answer was no.
Upset by what I considered to be such a negative and “by the book approach” from the customer service attendant. I asked to speak to the department supervisor (主管) in the hope that I could solve what I believed to be some very minor issues.
After a short wait, the department supervisor came to the counter to speak to me. After hearing my explanation, he responded quickly, “Believe me, I can organize to have the paperwork signed immediately and you can be on your way.” Within ten minutes, the documentation had been signed, so with a big smile, I was on my way.
At that very moment, I was reminded of a quote by W. Clement Stone. “There is little difference in people, but that little difference makes a big difference. The little difference is attitude. The big difference is whether it is positive or negative.”
43．Why was the author eager to finish the document?
A．To go and have another client meeting.
B．To avoid the rush hour in the afternoon.
C．To hand in the important document on time.
D．To get a relief from a whole day’s busy work.
44．How did the attendant deal with the author’s document?
A．By following rules as they went.
B．By signing the paperwork immediately.
C．By helping to solve some minor issues.
D．By giving a detailed explanation patiently.
45．Which of the following best describe the department supervisor?
A．Tough and polite. B．Generous and emotional.
C．Helpful and capable. D．Creative and professional
46．What does the author stress by quoting Clement?
A．Attitude matters in solving a problem.
B．Attitude is just as important as ability.
C．People’s attitudes differ from person to person.
D．Negative and positive attitudes can be changed.

For years, people had been warned that New Orleans was vulnerable (脆弱的). The FEMA had stated that a hurricane hitting the city would be one of the deadliest disasters in the history of U.S. But then, in September 2004, New Orleans had been spared by Hurricane Ivan. However, it had provided the city with a clear warning. It had showed the need to prepare for the next hurricane. But the authorities did not act quickly or decisively enough. Eleven months later, Hurricane Katrina destroyed the city.
In 2003, the Harvard Business Review published an article titled Predictable Surprises: The Disasters You Should Have Seen Coming. The authors, Max Bazerman and Michael Watkins, argued that while the world is changeable, unpredictability is often not the problem. The problem is that we still fail to act, even if faced with clear risks. Psychologists describe this inaction as normalcy bias (偏见). In the face of disaster, people have often been slow to recognize the danger and do nothing until it is too late.
Part of the problem may simply be that we get our clues from others. In a famous experiment conducted in the late 1960s, psychologists filled smoke into a room in which the participants were filling in a questionnaire. When the subject was sitting alone, he or she tended to note the smoke and calmly leave to report it. But when in a group of three, they were much less likely to react: each person remained passive, ensured by the passivity of the others.
Another cognitive (认知的) shortcut is optimism bias. In an experiment, psychologists Neil Weinstein asked more than 250 students to predict pleasant future such as good jobs and clear risks such as an early heart attack. To their surprise, the students felt that good things were likely to happen to themselves, while unpleasant things waited for other students, although they didn’t have any evidence to support that idea.
47．What contributed to the destruction of the city when the hurricane came?
A．Absence of warnings. B．Inaction of the authorities.
C．Shortage of supplies. D．Unpredictability of the disaster.
48．Which of the following action can be described as normalcy bias?
A．People didn’t go to hospital due to the confidence in physical condition.
B．Americans followed others to buy toilet paper crazily during the pandemic.
C．Few people got prepared for the pandemic at first because others didn’t do so.
D．Residents in New Orleans worked together to build shelters facing a hurricane.
49．How does the author introduce the two cognitive shortcuts?
A．By telling stories. B．By listing facts.
C．By making definition. D．By giving examples.
50．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Are Disasters Predictable?
B．Are We Ready for the Next Disaster?
C．Why Do We Fail to Prepare for Disasters?
D．What Is the Common Bias in Face of Disasters?

During the latter half of the 20th century, many people connected Belfast, Northern Ireland, with war. Actually, since the peace agreements were signed in 1998, the city Belfast has become a top tourist destination.
Belfast’s City Hall
Belfast’s City Hall, located in the center of the city, is a good place to begin touring. The splendid building, which opened in 1906, houses exhibits that are related to Belfast’s history and government. Outside, the gardens are full of impressive statues and memorials.
Botanic Gardens
Belfast Botanic Gardens started out as a private park in 1828 but opened to the public in 1895. Construction on the garden’s famous Palm House, a building of glass and iron, started in the 1830s. A wide variety of plants can be found there, including one that is over 400 years old.
Ulster Museum
The largest museum in Northern Ireland is Belfast’s splendid Ulster Museum. It has been called Northern Ireland’s treasure house of the past and present. From mummies to moon rocks, the museum possesses impressive art, natural science and history collections.
St. George’s Market
Award-winning St. George’s Market was built in the1890s and is Belfast’s last remaining market housed in a Victorian building. Visitors will find approximately 200 booths selling food, clothes, antiques, crafts and more. Go early for the market’s famous breakfast, and try a unique coffee or tea while listening to live music.
This is just a small taste of what Belfast has to offer. Everyone should take time to explore more in this beautiful city on the Lagan River.
51．Which place is worth visiting for students interested in varieties of plants?
A．Belfast’s City Hall B．Ulster Museum
C．Botanic Gardens D．St. George’s Market
52．What do Belfast City Hall and St. George’s Market have in common?
A．A large collection of treasures.
B．The live music and impressive statues.
C．Exhibits related to the history of Belfast.
D．The unique feature of the architecture itself.
53．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce some splendid buildings to us.
B．To attract us to a fantastic city as the destination.
C．To share the interesting travel experiences with us.
D．To advertise some special food and souvenirs to us.

Enjoying her tea and book, a young woman sits alone in a café. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad and then shows her words to a passing café waiter: “Where are the toilets please?” This is a very scene in Tokyo’s so-called “silent cafes”, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.
Although some people don’t like silent cafes, the concept gains its popularity by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures. The growing social isolation also contributing to its appearance, young people get used to the saying “Leave me alone.” The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation—free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a “one woman wedding” —a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression—“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.
In order to enjoy some solo time, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off. When asked about the reason, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it’s always very busy and tough. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it’s a big and fast-paced city, which I don’t always like. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I’m going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”
54．Which of the following may account for the idea of “silent cafes” in Japan?
A．The change in family support structures. B．The steady economic situation.
C．The rising appeal for privacy. D．The rapid development of the Internet.
55．What can we know about the silent cafe according to Paragraph 1 &2?
A．People can’t speak in the silent cafes, except the waiter.
B．Not all the people favor the idea of “silent cafes”.
C．There are no toilets in the silent cafes.
D．The silent cafes can cure people’s depression thoroughly.
56．What do we know about Higashikokubaru?
A．She doesn’t like her career as a nurse.
B．She doesn’t like the fast-paced life in big cities.
C．She travelled to Tokyo on her work days.
D．She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.
57．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Anew social trend in Japan B．Lonely Japanese
C．Leave behind your work D．Silent cafes, great satisfaction

You have not properly experienced Chengdu until you give up your sightseeing plans and prepare to do nothing. Settle into a slope-backed bamboo chair, stretch your feet out and let the afternoon drift away. Listen to the slosh of hot water being poured into teacups, the rustle of newspapers, the clack of Mahjong, and a murmur of conversation. Crack melon seeds or eat boiled peanuts. Let lethargy take over in a cloudy, humid summer day in Chengdu.
Fertile Sichuan has long been one of China’s major tea-producing regions. Chengdu had been noted for its teahouses by the Tang dynasty — as early as the ninth century. For centuries, teahouses were places for entertainment as well as tea, with performances of storytelling, music, and especially Sichuan opera. That’s a fading art these days, but Yuelai Teahouse beside Jinjiang Theater still hosts opera every Saturday afternoon.
You will find most of Chengdu’s old-school teahouses in parks. Heming Teahouse in Renmin Park buzzes with morning retirees, lunchtime office workers, and afternoon visitors. All of them sit under red lanterns by a lotus pond. When the hubbub (喧闹) gets too much, move on to Shaocheng Teahouse in the same park. Regulars are older and quieter. They bring songbirds on outings, hanging their cages in the branches of willow trees and play Mahjong in a pavilion (凉亭). In more recent years, however, increasingly elaborate teahouses have opened to appeal to the younger generation. They tend to have a taste for superior teas in a more modern style. The most famous one of them is Mi Xun Teahouse in Taikoo Li, which is right in the city’s most fashionable shopping area.
As in all teahouses, the tea comes in individual packets with a thermos of water. Maofeng green tea from Mount Emei, south of Chengdu, is the traditional favorite. Shake the loose leaves into your palm-sized cup. Don’t let the water level in your cup get too low, since any bitterness from the tea leaves is concentrated on the bottom. You can top up your tea all afternoon and buy nothing else.
In Chengdu teahouses, people refresh themselves by slipping sideways into a gentler time that ignores urban China’s fast-paced, never-ending hustle. The Sichuan capital is booming too, yet has managed to keep the provincial character and slower pace that has been lost in many other Chinese cities.
58．The underlined word in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A．eagerness B．noisiness
C．laziness D．tiredness
59．Which of the following teahouses is the best choice for an opera fan?
A．Mixun Teahouse. B．Yuelai Teahouse.
C．Heming Teahouse. D．Shaocheng Teahouse.
60．Why Chengtu different from many other Chinese cities according to the author?
A．Because Chengdu is fertile and produces tea.
B．Because teahouses in Chengdu has a long history.
C．Because people in Chengdu follow special rules to enjoy tea.
D．Because as a developing capital, Chengdu is still a city where life moves slow.
61．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce the culture of Chengdu’s teahouses.
B．To encourage people to visit Chengdu’s teahouses.
C．To make comparisons among different teahouses in Chengdu.
D．To give advice on how to follow rules while visiting Chengdu’s teahouses.

Have you ever envied Harry Potter for being able to fly around on a broomstick? Well, for you and the rest of us in this world who can’t practice magic, it is impossible to make it. Nevertheless, the sport, called Quidditch, has flown off the pages of J. K. Rowling’s books and into schools around the world.
Muggle Quidditch was invented by Xander Manshel and Alex Benepe, two American students. Fifteen years on, the game proves to be popular among youngsters.
The rules are similar to those used in the magical world of the books. Each team of seven is made up of chasers, beaters, a keeper and a seeker. Of course, the game takes place on the ground rather than in the air. Participants play one-handed with a broom-stick between their legs. The game combines rugby, dodgeball and basketball.
English teacher Steven Dowdle started a Quidditch club at his school in 2016. His students are excited about playing the game made by the world’s favorite wizard.
As well as keeping children fit, the game can help build-self-esteem (自尊) as it gives them an opportunity to extend their social circles. Just like the original game in the books and films, Quidditch is a mixed-gender sport. Steven says that the sport helps teach gender equally: Girls often tell him that being able to play with boys makes them feel welcome in a way that other sports don’t.
Introducing the game to school is not without challenges, however. The biggest one is to get students to take Quidditch seriously. After all, it is hard not to feel a bit silly when they are pretending to ride a broomstick.
Yet Cooper David, a P. E teacher says that part of the game’s charm is that it requires a sense of humor. “During game time, people compete against each other,” he explains. “But you have to take step back. After all, people are riding a broom and the sport is called Quidditch. It’s more fun.”
62．Which of the following descriptions of Muggle Quikditch is true?
A．The game was invented in 2016.
B．Each team of the game has four members.
C．People play the game in the same way as those in the Harry Porter books do.
D．During the game, players can use only one hand to handle the balls.
63．According to the article, Muggle Quidditch can help students to_________.
① keep fit  ② make friends  ③ become humorous
④ understand gender equality  ⑤ learn the science behind magic
A．①②④ B．②③④
C．①②⑤ D．①②③④
64．According to Steven Dowdle, girl students often find Muggle Quidditch_________.
A．silly B．simple
C．inclusive D．challenging
65．What is the biggest difficulty in introducing Quidditch to school?
A．Some boys consider it embarrassing to compete against girls.
B．Students may find it silly to ride a broomstick to play the game.
C．Most students want to be seekers and few students want to be beaters.
D．Students have to learn rugby, dodgeball and basketball before playing the game.

It’s unusual that you see the words “shyness” and “leader” in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not. A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy — they’re just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few “innies”.
Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious attitude to chance. Rather than talk loudly, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They’re not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They seek content without caring about an outside standard.
Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids discuss, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they “own” the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to positive image.
Shyness is often related to modesty. Shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.
Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, they’re more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren’t obvious. Don’t believe me? Maybe you’ll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, “It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s that I stay with problems longer.” Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.
The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.
66．What can we can learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Shy people are sensitive to rewards.
B．Shy people care more about content.
C．Outgoing people are more careful about chances
D．Outgoing people consider what to learn while listening.
67．The example of Johnny shows_________.
A．shy people are likely to be modest
B．hardworking students speak title in public
C．some students keep silent on purpose at school
D．shy people may have an advantage in discussion
68．What does the author want to convey by quoting Albert Einstein in Paragraph 5?
A．Outside reward leads to insistence. B．Shyness results in devotion.
C．Shyness contributes to popularity. D．Uncertainty counts more than certainty.
69．How does the author mainly support his ideas?
A．By making contrasts and giving examples.
B．By quoting authorities and making suggestions.
C．By explaining problems and providing solutions.
D．By giving definitions and presenting numbers.

Global warming has been a public concern for a long time. The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet, meaning more and more ice is melting (融化) every year.
“It’s really worrying—the rapid loss of sea ice up there—for a lot of reasons.” Tracey Goldstein, a researcher and environmentalist at U.C． Davis, says, “One of those reasons is sea animals like ice seals (海豹) need the ice to live and give birth. Besides, as the Arctic warms, the fish the seals cat may be moving to deeper and colder waters. So the seals have to travel farther to hunt them. So the combination of all of that is probably going to affect their health and their body condition. And that will make them not just underweight but also easier to catch other diseases.”
And those diseases may also be killing Arctic sea mammals (哺乳动物) because Arctic sea ice is melting. When there used to be an ice bridge, certain populations would remain separate from each other, so they couldn’t come in contact and give each other their bacteria, their viruses, etc. But once those channels started to open, animals were able to move further and came into contact with new species that they hadn’t come into contact with in the past.
Goldstein and her coworkers recorded the spread of a disease from 2001 through 2016, which proved to be related to the death in sea mammals. Mammals that depend on ice to survive may already be on the edge of extinction. And more frequent outbreak of diseases could speed up the process. Meanwhile, humans may be affected too. Up in the Arctic, people really rely on these animals for their livelihood and well-being. And as those animals disappear, or as their habitat disappears, that’s also going to heavily influence humans in that area. So the overall health of the environment, the animals and the people up in the Arctic over time is just going to continue to deteriorate. Unless, we humans take meaningful measures to slow the planet’s warming.
70．What is the author’s purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To make a comparison. B．To offer some evidence.
C．To put forward an opinion. D．To present the phenomenon.
71．Which is less likely to happen to sea animals because of the melting ice?
A．They will stay in shape and keep healthy. B．They will come in contact with new species.
C．They will have to go farther to hunt for foo D．They will have no place to give birth to babies
72．What does the underlined word “deteriorate” mean?
A．Develop. B．Vary. C．Impact. D．Worsen.
73．What is NOT the fact according to the last paragraph?
A．Mammals that depend on ice to live are dying out.
B．Diseases that break out frequently make things worse.
C．Humans living in that area have adapted to the change.
D．Researchers found the disease related to mammals’ death.
















参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。
5．D 6．C 7．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个来自世界各地的著名寺庙景点。
5．细节理解题。根据文章Kek Lok Si Temple, Malaysia中的“Penang is often touted(吹捧) for its sandy beaches and emerald blue waters, but it’s also home to the largest Buddhist temple in Malaysia.(槟城经常以其沙滩和碧蓝的海水而闻名，但它也是马来西亚最大的佛教寺庙的所在地。)”可知，槟城以其沙滩和碧蓝的海水而闻名，也是马来西亚最大的佛教寺庙所在地。因此如果想看海景，可以去马来西亚的Kek Lok Si寺庙。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据Kek Lok Si Temple, Malaysia中的“Penang is often touted(吹捧) for its sandy beaches and emerald blue waters, but it’s also home to the largest Buddhist temple in Malaysia.(槟城经常以其沙滩和碧蓝的海水而闻名，但它也是马来西亚最大的佛教寺庙的所在地。)”可知，槟城是马来西亚最大的佛教寺庙所在地，但没有说Kek Lok Si Temple是马来西亚最大的寺庙，A项错误；根据Paro Taktsang in the Paro Valley, Bhutan 中的“the “Tiger’s Nest” earned its nickname from an 18th-century tale detailing Buddhist master Padmasambhava arriving to the site on a flying tiger.(“虎穴”得名于一个18世纪的故事，讲述了佛教大师莲花生乘飞虎来到这里的故事。)”可知，Paro Taktsang的外号来自于一个18世纪的故事，而非其位置，B项错误；根据Seiganto-ji in Nachikatsuura, Japan 中的“Neighboring the tallest waterfall and set against the lush trees of Nachi, Seiganto-ji dates back to the 4th century. (Seiganto-ji的历史可以追溯到4世纪，它毗邻最高的瀑布，与Nachi郁郁葱葱的树木相映成趣)”可知，Seiganto-ji风景优美，历史悠久，C项正确；根据Man Mo Temple in Hong Kong中的“so it’s asked that any visitor coming to the temple is prohibited from taking photos out of respect.(出于尊重，任何来寺庙的游客都被禁止拍照。)”可知，来参观Man Mo Temple的游客禁止拍照，D项错误。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Temples have long served an important role since the early years of civilization. Whether you are seeking a sense of spiritual enlightenment or looking to learn more about a certain religion, these beautiful temples are worth a stop on your vacation.(自文明早期以来，寺庙一直扮演着重要的角色。无论你是在寻求精神上的启蒙，还是想要了解更多关于某种宗教的知识，这些美丽的寺庙都值得你在假期里停下来。)”及小标题可知，文章主要介绍了几个来自世界各地的著名寺庙景点，本文最有可能出自旅游指南手册。故选B项。
8．D 9．B 10．A 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明身体姿势不仅能够影响我们的情绪，而且能够影响我们的认知表现。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information.（无论我们是坐着还是站着，静止还是移动，身体姿势都会影响我们的情绪。几项研究表明，身体姿势和情绪之间存在这种联系。其他研究表明，我们的情绪和我们的认知表现之间存在关系，包括记忆、推理、学习、反应速度和信息处理。）”可知，研究证实了身体姿势和情绪之间的联系，以及情绪与认知表现之间的联系。结合第二段“So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance?（因此，一个合乎逻辑的问题出现了。身体姿势会影响我们的认知表现吗？）”可知，上述的研究发现会产生身体姿势与认知表现是否有联系的问题。因此，作者一开始提到这些研究是为了提出一个有待研究和解决的新问题。故选D项。
9．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state.（……背、低着头、手臂不动走路似乎会对我们的精神状态产生负面影响。）”可知，走路的姿势是低头、手臂不动，和这种姿势配合的应该是“驼背”，hunched意思应该是“弓背”，与Bent意思一致。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence.（研究小组发现，我们的姿势对我们的情绪和信心有非常明显的影响。）”可知，第一个研究表明姿势会影响情绪状态。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood.（第一个观察表明，“坐直”与更好的整体情绪有关。）”和最后一段“Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time.（最后，令人惊讶的是，坐直的姿势下血压更有利一些。为了进一步完善坐直的姿势的好处清单，我们将补充说，在需要长时间坐着的工作中，它被广泛推荐用于保护背部。）”可知，坐直有利于整体情绪、血压和背部保护，因此具有心理和身体的双重好处。故选A项。
12．B 13．A 14．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了伦敦书展的时间地点、面向对象、技术和出版解决服务等信息。
12．推理判断题。根据Authors & Self-Publishing部分中“Meanwhile, our Author of the Day programme helps bring writers face-to-face with bestselling authors who will share their journey to publication during a special series of talks at the fair.（与此同时，我们的“当天的作者”计划帮助作家们与畅销书作家面对面交流，他们将在展会上的一系列特别讲座中分享他们的出版之旅。）”可知，伦敦书展安排了“当天的作者”计划，给予作家与畅销书作家面对面交流的机会。由此推知，该书展欢迎作家参与，一个新手作家会受到欢迎。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据BA Members部分中“BA Members attend the fair for FREE and receive a number of key benefits, making the fair a more accessible, cost-effective and highly relevant event for booksellers.（BA会员可免费参加展览会，并可享受多项好处，使展览会成为一个对书商来说更方便、更具成本效益和高度相关的活动。）”可知，申请成为BA会员可以在书展上获得更多好处。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据BA Members部分中“Simply click here to find out more about becoming a BA member and take advantage of this offer.（只需点击这里了解更多关于成为BA会员的信息，并利用此优惠。）”可知，文章含有可以点击的链接，因此应该出自网页。故选C项。
15．C 16．D 17．C 18．D

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一条大约9英尺长的巨型太阳鱼在加利福尼亚海岸被皮划艇爱好者拍摄了下来，并借此介绍了太阳鱼这种物种和它面临的威胁。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sunfish are a genuinely global species that can be found all over the world, but they spend their whole lives in the open ocean. Therefore, encounters like these are few and far between.（太阳鱼是一种真正的全球物种，在世界各地都能找到，但它们一生都在开阔的海洋中度过。因此，像这样的相遇是很少的。）”可知，在海岸附近遇到太阳鱼的机会很小是因为它们通常住在远离海岸的开阔水域中。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据第四段中““It was a one-of-a-kind and really interesting event,” German said of the most recent encounter, which he described as “another indication of why we need to conserve the ocean and the incredible creatures that call it home.”（“这是一个独一无二的，非常有趣的事件，”German谈到最近的相遇时说，他说这是“为什么我们需要保护海洋和把海洋称为家的不可思议的生物的另一个迹象。”）”可知，German认为这次相遇独一无二，而且提醒我们需要保护海洋和太阳鱼。由此可推知，他认为这是令人印象深刻和有意义的相遇。故选D项。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However, as a great lover of jellyfish (水母), its greed for food often leads it to confuse plastic bags with its favorite dish, making seawater pollution one of its main threats alongside overfishing.（然而，作为水母的超级爱好者，它对食物的贪婪常常导致它把塑料袋和它最喜欢的食物混淆在一起，这使得海水污染与过度捕捞一起成为它的主要威胁之一。）”可知，太阳鱼会误食塑料袋，受到海水污染的折磨。故选C项。
18．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了一条大约9英尺长的巨型太阳鱼在加利福尼亚海岸被皮划艇爱好者拍摄了下来，并借此介绍了太阳鱼这种物种和它面临的威胁。因此，D项“巨型海洋太阳鱼在加利福尼亚海岸被拍摄”概括了文章主要内容，适合作为标题。故选D项。
19．B 20．D 21．C 22．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在USF大学，21岁的亚历山大•梅塞尔来自敖德萨，主修数学和微生物学，这使他开始了重要的研究，这可能使他成为该校的第一位罗兹奖学金获得者。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But it was math that attracted him and he wouldn't let go. He was studying how math may help control the spread of diseases.（但吸引他的是数学，他不肯放手。他正在研究数学如何帮助控制疾病的传播。）”可知，梅塞尔选择主修数学和微生物学，因为他热爱数学。故选B。
20．猜测词义题。根据文章第四段“While his work is timely and important，there's lots of competition.Eleven other finalists from this region of the country are also  vying for the honor.They attend schools like MIT,Stanford and the University of Chicago.（虽然他的工作是及时和重要的，但有很多竞争。来自该地区的其他11名决赛选手也在争夺这一荣誉。他们就读于麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和芝加哥大学。）”可知，vying for的意思是“争夺”。故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“If he doesn't win the honor and get to study expense-free at Oxford, he says he'll have many options.‘I will continue to do the work that I enjoy and that I think will benefit people,’ he said.（他说，如果他不能赢得荣誉，在牛津大学免费学习，他会有很多选择。“我将继续做我喜欢的工作，我认为这将有益于人们，”他说。）”可知，他感激他的学校。故选C。
22．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“At USF，21-year-old Alexander Mercier of Odessa，majored in mathematics and microbiology，which leads him to start important research that may make him the school's first Rhodes Scholar.（在USF大学，21岁的亚历山大•梅塞尔来自敖德萨，主修数学和微生物学，这使他开始了重要的研究，这可能使他成为该校的第一位罗兹奖学金获得者。）”可知，本文的最佳标题是A senior could be USF's first Rhodes Scholar.（一位高年级学生可能成为USF第一位罗兹奖学金获得者）。故选A。
23．D 24．D 25．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前看不起坐轮椅的残疾人，有次发生意外，作者也亲自体验了一下坐轮椅的生活，各种奇怪的眼神让作者深深体会到，坐着轮椅的人也是有尊严的人。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I saw my dad pushing a wheelchair in my direction. Feeling the colour burn my cheeks, I asked him to wheel that thing right back to where he found it.(我看见爸爸推着轮椅朝我这边走来。我感到脸红得脸颊通红，我让他把那东西推回到他找到它的地方)”可知，第一次面对轮椅，作者拒绝马上接受它。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I was once just like them. I treated people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not want to be treated.(我曾经也和他们一样。我对待坐轮椅的人的方式正是他们不希望被对待的方式)”可知，作者的经历告诉我们，己所不欲，勿施于人。故选D。
25．标题判断题。从作者一开始看不起残疾人到自己成为残疾人，亲身感受到残疾人的窘迫，领悟到全人类不应该看不起残疾人，说不定哪一天正常的人也会成为残疾人。尤其最后一句“I realised it is some of us with two healthy legs who are truly disabled.(我意识到，我们当中一些拥有两条健康腿的人，才是真正的残疾人)”可知，有些双腿健全的人，实际上在人格上是残疾的，因此，要平等对待残疾人。故选B。
26．C 27．D 28．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。萨米·韦尔奇女士在带着孩子坐火车时，将睡着的孩子抱到自己腿上，好为其他乘客让座。她善良的行为得到了人们的赞许。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段中“She tried to keep him entertained on the three-and-a-half-hour journey.”（在三个半小时的旅程中，她尽量使他高兴。）可知，她陪儿子玩是为了让孩子在火车上不感到无聊。故选C。
27．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I was trying to keep him quiet.”（我只是想让他闭嘴。）可知，她试图让儿子安静，可推知，此处指她儿子通常在火车上很吵。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He praised the mother’s behaviour and left her £5 to buy herself a drink.”（他表扬了这位母亲的行为，并留给她5英镑让她去给她自己买了一杯饮料。）可知，陌生人给她钱是因为赞许她为其他乘客让座位的行为。故选C。
29．C 30．C 31．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了大学毕业生科林·戴维斯在应对环境问题、提高环境意识方面所做的事情。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“But Davis became more concerned than ever about this issue after the cross-country bike ride. He read hundreds of books on climate change and environmental consulting. Now, he works for non-profitable organizations and serves as a consultant for energy efficiency.(但在越野自行车骑行之后，戴维斯比以往任何时候都更关心这个问题。他读了数百本关于气候变化和环境咨询的书。现在，他为非营利组织工作，并担任能源效率顾问)”可知，骑自行车穿越美国之后，戴维斯对气候变化问题更加感兴趣。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“Davis made me know how important it is to be a smart consumer, by supporting organic (有机的) food and green products instead of only looking at the brands.(戴维斯通过支持有机食品和绿色产品，而不是只关注品牌，让我知道成为一名聪明的消费者有多么重要)”可知，“shopping with a moral in mind (购物时牢记道德)”，意味着我们应该支持有机食品和绿色产品，而不是只关注品牌，即我们应该选择更环保的产品。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With little age gap and his unique way of presenting serious messages in a light tone, Davis captured the attention of most non “hardcore (中坚的) environmentalists” students.(年龄差距很小和以轻松的语气表达严肃信息的独特方式，戴维斯吸引了大多数非“中坚环保主义者”学生的注意)”可知，戴维斯吸引了更多学生的注意，鼓励更多人加入到了环保队伍中来，戴维斯在提高环境意识方面做得很好。故选B。
32．B 33．A 34．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几本书并介绍了书的内容。
32．细节理解题。根据Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen Foxe部分中“She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world.(她必须在冰雪女王冻结世界之前帮助这个男孩)”可知，这本书讲的是一个女孩拯救世界的故事，作者是Karen Foxe。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据A Hundred Horses by Sarah Lean部分中“Targeted readers: Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.(目标读者：喜欢动物和大自然的孩子一定会发现这本书令人兴奋)”可知，热爱自然的人会对这本书很感兴趣。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一本书的介绍中“After a car accident Jamie loses his family, so he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals.(在一场车祸之后，Jamie失去了他的家人，所以他搬去和他的阿姨，叔叔和他的堂弟Stevie住在一起，他的基本目的是欺骗Jamie。但Jamie一直保持着积极的态度，追逐着他的目标)”可知，Jamie在经历生活中的变故之后也没有灰心。故选D。
35．C 36．B 37．A 38．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍关于三星堆遗址的考古发现。
35．细节理解题。根据第二段“ “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar.(“它们有非常重要的相似之处，”墨西哥考古学家桑托斯说，并强调“两种文化中对树木的描绘提供了一种非常相似的象征意义”)”可知，古蜀文明与玛雅文明相似之处在于他们的文化象征。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据第三段“While the time span between the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings show the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their world view through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that at this latitude (纬度) both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.( 虽然蜀国和玛雅文化之间的时间跨度很大，但这些发现显示了两个文明之间的密切关系。他们在气候相似的地区发展，并通过相关的符号反映出他们的世界观。专家说：“最终，人还是人，独立于时间和空间。我们所知道的是，在这个纬度，蜀地人和玛雅人看的是同一片天空，地平线上的星星也是一样的。”)”可知，三星堆遗址的发现证明了人类文化具有不受时间和空间限制的相似性。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.(中国和墨西哥考古学家之间的合作可能有利于玛雅世界的项目，那里多雨的气候和湿度对遗址的保护是一个问题)”可知，这两个遗址的保护面临的共同挑战是潮湿天气。故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.(桑托斯说：“每当我们的文化知识增加时，无论我们说的是一种语言还是另一种语言，它都向我们表明，我们仍然是姐妹文化，因此，此类知识的交流是基础。”)”可推断，在最后一段中桑托斯引用的重点是说明文化知识交流的重要性。故选C。
39．C 40．D 41．D 42．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是去年年初，伦敦国王学院注意力研究中心发现，在接受调查的2,000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意深度思考已经成为过去式。
39．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Maybe you’re daydreaming, allowing your mind to wander. Or maybe it feels fresh and sharp. Maybe your thoughts are in the state of “flow”. More likely, however, your brain is in a mess.(也许你在做白日梦，让你的思想游离。或者它会让你感觉新鲜和尖锐。也许你的思想处于“流动”状态。然而，更有可能的是，你的大脑一团糟。)”和第二段的“Early last year, the Center for Attention Studies at King’s College London found that 49% of 2,000 adults surveyed felt their attention length was shorter than it used to be. Almost as many (47%) agreed that “‘deep thinking’ has become a thing of the past”.(去年年初，伦敦国王学院注意力研究中心发现，在接受调查的2,000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意“‘深度思考’已经成为过去式”。)”可知，第一段的作用是引出话题。故选C。
40．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Early last year, the Center for Attention Studies at King’s College London found that 49% of 2,000 adults surveyed felt their attention length was shorter than it used to be. Almost as many (47%) agreed that “‘deep thinking’ has become a thing of the past”.(去年年初，King’s College London注意力研究中心发现，在接受调查的2,000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意“‘深度思考’已经成为过去式”。)”根据第三段“having a loss of control”（失控）可知，很多人都说自己感到无法集中注意力，也就是注意力分散的，distracted意为“注意力分散的”，和absent-minded意思相近，故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“That’s why I think we’ve got to this point, where we’re having such a hard time controlling our attention, because we haven’t figured out yet how we can use this technology wisely in our lives.(这就是为什么我认为我们已经到了这个地步，我们很难控制自己的注意力，因为我们还没有弄清楚如何在我们的生活中明智地使用这项技术。)”可知，我们的注意力被偷走了是因为我们没有适当地利用这项技术。故选D。
42．推理判断题。第二段的“Early last year, the Center for Attention Studies at King’s College London found that 49% of 2,000 adults surveyed felt their attention length was shorter than it used to be. Almost as many (47%) agreed that “‘deep thinking’ has become a thing of the past”.(去年年初，King’s College London注意力研究中心发现，在接受调查的2,000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意“‘深度思考’已经成为过去式”。)”可知，本文是关于科学界的新发现，因此可能来自于科学杂志，故选A。
43．B 44．A 45．C 46．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己去政府部门签署一份文件的故事阐述一个人的态度会产生很大的不同。
43．细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was hoping that it would be a quick one so that I could then beat the afternoon city rush hour(我希望能快点，这样我就能避开下午的城市高峰时间)”可知，作者急于完成这份文件是为了避开下午的高峰时间。故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Within a few minutes. I was in discussion with the customer service attendant as he outlined why he considered that my documentation could not be signed. I was very annoyed with his very unbearable explanation of what needed to be done, so I asked him if there was any way he could help me to have the paperwork signed on the spot and avoid a further delay. His answer was no.(几分钟之内。我与客服人员进行了讨论，他概述了为什么他认为我的文件不能签署。他对需要做的事情的解释让我很恼火，所以我问他是否有什么办法可以帮我当场签署文件，避免进一步的延误。他的回答是否定的)”和第四段的“Upset by what I considered to be such a negative and “by the book approach” from the customer service attendant.(我对客服人员的消极态度和“照章办事”感到不高兴)”可知，服务人员按照规则行事，故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“After a short wait, the department supervisor came to the counter to speak to me. After hearing my explanation, he responded quickly, “Believe me, I can organize to have the paperwork signed immediately and you can be on your way.” Within ten minutes, the documentation had been signed, so with a big smile, I was on my way.(等了一会儿，部门主管来到柜台和我说话。听了我的解释后，他很快回答说：“相信我，我可以马上组织人在文件上签字，你就可以上路了。”不到十分钟，文件就签好了，我带着灿烂的笑容上路了)”可推知，部门主管乐于助人且能力强。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There is little difference in people, but that little difference makes a big difference. The little difference is attitude. The big difference is whether it is positive or negative.(人与人之间的差异很小，但这一点差异却会产生很大的不同。不同的是态度。最大的区别在于它是积极的还是消极的)”可推知，作者引用Clement的话是想强调在解决问题时态度很重要。故选A。
47．B 48．C 49．D 50．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是为什么我们总是无法在灾难来临前做好准备。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But the authorities did not act quickly or decisively enough. Eleven months later, Hurricane Katrina destroyed the city.(但当局的行动不够迅速和果断。11个月后，飓风Katrina摧毁了这座城市。)”可知，飓风来袭时，当局不作为导致了这座城市的毁灭。故选B。
48．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The problem is that we still fail to act, even if faced with clear risks. Psychologists describe this inaction as normalcy bias (偏见). In the face of disaster, people have often been slow to recognize the danger and do nothing until it is too late.(问题是，即使面临明显的风险，我们仍然没有采取行动。心理学家将这种不作为描述为正常偏见。面对灾难，人们往往迟迟没有意识到危险，直到为时已晚才采取行动。)”可知，C选项“Few people got prepared for the pandemic at first because others didn’t do so.(一开始很少有人为大流行做好准备，因为其他人没有这样做。)”说明了人们没有意识到危险，直到为时已晚才采取行动是一种正常偏见，故选C。
49．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Part of the problem may simply be that we get our clues from others. In a famous experiment conducted in the late 1960s, psychologists filled smoke into a room in which the participants were filling in a questionnaire.(部分问题可能仅仅是我们从别人那里获得线索。在20世纪60年代末进行的一项著名实验中，心理学家向一间正在填写问卷的房间里注入烟雾。)”和最后一段的“Another cognitive (认知的) shortcut is optimism bias. In an experiment, psychologists Neil Weinstein asked more than 250 students to predict pleasant future such as good jobs and clear risks such as an early heart attack.(另一个认知捷径是乐观偏见。在一项实验中，心理学家Neil Weinstein要求250多名学生预测美好的未来，比如好工作，以及明确的风险，比如心脏病发作。)”可知，作者是通过举例介绍这两种认知捷径的，故选D。
50．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“The problem is that we still fail to act, even if faced with clear risks. Psychologists describe this inaction as normalcy bias (偏见). In the face of disaster, people have often been slow to recognize the danger and do nothing until it is too late.(问题是，即使面临明显的风险，我们仍然没有采取行动。心理学家将这种不作为描述为正常偏见。面对灾难，人们往往迟迟没有意识到危险，直到为时已晚才采取行动。)”，倒数第二段的“Part of the problem may simply be that we get our clues from others.(部分问题可能仅仅是我们从别人那里获得线索。)”和最后一段的“Another cognitive (认知的) shortcut is optimism bias.(另一个认知捷径是乐观偏见。)”可知，本文主要论述的是为什么我们总是无法在灾难来临前做好准备，因此最好的题目是C选项“Why Do We Fail to Prepare for Disasters?(为什么我们没有为灾难做好准备？)”。故选C。
51．C 52．D 53．B

【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了城市贝尔法斯特的四个景点。
51．细节理解题。由文第二个景点项下最后一句“A wide variety of plants can be found there, including one that is over 400 years old. ”（那里有各种各样的植物，包括一种树龄超过400年的植物。）可知，对植物感兴趣的同学应该去Botanic Gardens，故选C项。
52．细节理解题。由文第一个景点项下最后一句“The splendid building, which opened in 1906, houses exhibits that are related to Belfast’s history and government.”（这座辉煌的建筑于1906年开放，展出了与贝尔法斯特历史和政府有关的展品。）和文第四个景点项下最后一句“Award-winning St. George’s Market was built in the1890s and is Belfast’s last remaining market housed in a Victorian building.”（屡获殊荣的圣乔治市场建于19世纪90年代，是贝尔法斯特仅存的一个维多利亚式建筑市场。）可知，这两个地方的共同点在于都有自己独特的建筑特色，故选D项。
53．目的意图题。由文末段最后一句“Everyone should take time to explore more in this beautiful city on the Lagan River”（每个人都应该花时间在这座位于拉甘河上的美丽城市里探索更多）可知，本文的目的是为了吸引更多的游客去到贝尔法斯特，故选B项。
54．A 55．B 56．D 57．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本兴起的安静咖啡馆及其流行的原因，这是一种追求独处的社会现象。
54．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Although some people don’t like silent cafes, the concept gains its popularity by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures. (尽管有些人不喜欢安静的咖啡馆，但这一概念之所以受欢迎，是因为日本年轻人渴望独处，经济不确定性和传统家庭支持结构的转变带来了这种情况)”可知家庭支持结构的变化可能解释了日本“无声咖啡馆”的想法，故选A。
55．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Although some people don’t like silent cafes, the concept gains its popularity by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures. (尽管有些人不喜欢安静的咖啡馆，但这一概念之所以受欢迎，是因为日本年轻人渴望独处，经济不确定性和传统家庭支持结构的转变带来了这种情况)”因此根据一、二段，可知并不是所有人都赞成“无声咖啡馆”的想法，故选B。
56．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“In order to enjoy some solo time, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off. (为了享受一些独处的时间，23岁的护士Higashikokubaru Chihiro在休息日从家出发，花了90分钟前往东京。)”可知Higashikokubaru Chihiro享受在一个安静的地方独处，故选D。
57．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了日本兴起的安静咖啡馆及其流行的原因，这是一种追求独处的社会现象。文章最后一句讲到“I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I’m going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere. (我只想独自一人安静地坐在某个地方。我打算喝杯茶，也许画些画。我喜欢安静、平静的氛围。)”可知这篇文章最好的标题是安静的咖啡馆，极大的满足感，故选D。
58．C 59．B 60．D 61．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四川的茶馆文化。
58．词句猜测题。上文“Settle into a slope-backed bamboo chair, stretch your feet out and let the afternoon drift away. Listen to the slosh of hot water being poured into teacups, the rustle of newspapers, the clack of Mahjong. and a murmur of conversation. Crack melon seeds or eat boiled peanuts. (坐在斜背竹椅上，伸伸脚，让下午的时光慢慢流逝。听热水被倒进茶杯的沙沙声，报纸的沙沙声，麻将的噼啪声。还有窃窃私语。打点瓜子或吃煮熟的花生)”描述了一幅慵懒的休闲场景，所以“Let lethargy take over in a cloudy, humid summer day in Chengdu. (让lethargy取代成都多云潮湿的夏日)”中划线词lethargy即上文中描述的慵懒闲散状态，与laziness同义。故选C项。
59．细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s a fading art these days, but Yuelai Teahouse beside Jinjiang Theater still hosts opera every Saturday afternoon. (如今，这门艺术正在衰落，但锦江剧院旁边的悦来茶馆仍然每周六下午上演川剧)”可知，悦来茶馆是戏迷的最佳选择。故选B项。
60．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Sichuan capital is booming too, yet has managed to keep the provincial character and slower pace that has been lost in many other Chinese cities. (四川的省会也在蓬勃发展，但它设法保持了中国许多其他城市已经失去的地方特色和较慢的生活节奏)”可知，成都与中国许多其他城市不同，是因为作为一个发展中的省会城市，成都仍然是一个生活节奏缓慢的城市。故选D项。
61．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二、三段中对茶馆的介绍和最后一段中“In Chengdu teahouses, people refresh themselves by slipping sideways into a gentler time that ignores urban China’s fast-paced, never-ending hustle. (在成都的茶馆里，人们消除疲劳，进入一段更温和的时光，无视中国城市快节奏、永无止境的喧嚣)”可知，作者通过本文介绍了四川的茶馆文化。故选A项。
62．D 63．A 64．C 65．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Muggle Quidditch的发明背景、游戏规则、带给学生的益处以及在学校推广中遇到的挑战。
62．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Each team of seven is made up of chasers, beaters, a keeper and a seeker. Of course, the game takes place on the ground rather than in the air. Participants play one-handed with a broom-stick between their legs. The game combines rugby, dodgeball and basketball.(每队七人，由追逐者、打手、守门员和探索者组成。当然，比赛是在地面上进行的，而不是在空中进行的。参与者单手玩，两腿之间夹着扫帚棍。这项运动结合了橄榄球、躲避球和篮球)”可知，在比赛时选手只能有一只手控制球。故选D。
63．细节理解题。根据第五段“As well as keeping children fit, the game can help build-self-esteem (自尊) as it gives them an opportunity to extend their social circles. Just like the original game in the books and films, Quidditch is a mixed-gender sport. Steven says that the sport helps teach gender equally: Girls often tell him that being able to play with boys makes them feel welcome in a way that other sports don’t.(除了让孩子们保持健康，游戏还有助于建立自尊，因为这给了他们一个扩大社交圈的机会。就像书和电影中的原始游戏一样，魁地奇是一项男女混合的运动。史蒂文说，这项运动有助于平等地教授性别：女孩们经常告诉他，能够和男孩一起玩会让他们感到受欢迎，这是其他运动所不能的)”可知，Muggle Quikditch能帮助学生保持健康、建立自尊、扩大社交、理解性别平等。故选A。
64．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Steven says that the sport helps teach gender equally: Girls often tell him that being able to play with boys makes them feel welcome in a way that other sports don’t.(史蒂文说，这项运动有助于平等地教授性别：女孩们经常告诉他，能和男孩一起玩让她们觉得自己是受欢迎的，这是其他运动所不能的)”可知，女学生认为Muggle Quidditch是没有性别歧视的，很具包容性（inclusive）。故选C。
65．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Introducing the game to school is not without challenges, however. The biggest one is to get students to take Quidditch seriously. After all, it is hard not to feel a bit silly when they are pretending to ride a broomstick.(然而，将游戏引入学校并非没有挑战。最大的一个是让学生认真对待魁地奇。毕竟，当他们假装骑扫帚时，很难不感到有点傻)”可知，将该游戏引入学校的挑战是：学生们可能会觉得骑着扫帚玩这个游戏很傻。故选B。
66．B 67．D 68．B 69．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了生性害羞的人与外向的人相比有着一定的优势。
66．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Rather than talk loudly, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They’re not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. (害羞的人不会大声说话，而是专心倾听别人说的话，并在说话前吸收。当对方还在说话时，他们不会考虑该说什么，而是倾听，这样他们就能学会说什么)”可知，害羞的人很认真地听其他人所说的内容并消化吸收。他们认真地听是因为他们可以从别人所说的话中学到很多。由此推知，害羞的人实际上非常在意别人说话的内容。故选B项。
67．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they “own” the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to positive image.(这就是害羞的人如何充分利用他们在场的力量：他们通过冷静和有目的地说话来“拥有”这一时刻，这转化为积极的形象)”结合故事中Johnny一直都没有说话，但他突然插话时所有人都转身听他陈述观点推知，例子说明害羞的人在讨论中往往会有一点优势——他们平时很少说话，但是一旦发表观点了，别人就很在意。故选D项。
68．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren’t obvious.(害羞的人也更有可能坚持寻找不明显的解决方案)”结合爱因斯坦的话“It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s that I stay with problems longer.(这并不是因为我这么聪明，而是因为我处理问题的时间更长)”可推知，爱因斯坦的例子是为了说明害羞的人更专注。故选B项。
69．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在文章中主要通过把害羞的人和外向的人进行比较，并通过举例说明的方法说明害羞的人在各方面都有一些优势。故选A项。
70．D 71．A 72．D 73．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极冰层的融化对海洋动物带来的种种负面影响，以及由此产生的对人类生活的影响。
70．推理判断题。根据第一段“Global warming has been a public concern for a long time. The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet, meaning more and more ice is melting (融化) every year.(长期以来，全球变暖一直是公众关注的问题。北极变暖的速度是地球其他地区的两倍，这意味着每年越来越多的冰正在融化)”推知，第一段是为了提出北极地区冰层融化的现象。故选D。
71．细节理解题。根据第二段的“So the combination of all of that is probably going to affect their health and their body condition. And that will make them not just underweight but also easier to catch other diseases.(因此，所有这些的结合可能会影响他们的健康和身体状况。这将使他们不仅体重不足，而且更容易感染其他疾病)”可知，冰雪融化，动物最不可能发生的是依然保持健康。故选A。
72．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Up in the Arctic, people really rely on these animals for their livelihood and well-being. And as those animals disappear, or as their habitat disappears, that’s also going to heavily influence humans in that area. So the overall health of the environment, the animals and the people up in the Arctic over time is just going to continue to deteriorate.(在北极地区，人们的生计和福祉确实依赖这些动物。随着这些动物的消失，或者它们的栖息地的消失，这也将对该地区的人类产生重大影响。因此，随着时间的推移，北极地区的环境、动物和人类的整体健康状况将继续deteriorare)”可知，在北极地区人们的生活和福祉依赖这些动物，它们的消失对该地区的人类影响重大。随着时间的推移，北极地区的环境、动物和人类的整体健康状况会恶化。由此猜测划线词意为“恶化”，与worsen同义。故选D。
73．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, humans may be affected too. Up in the Arctic, people really rely on these animals for their livelihood and well-being. And as those animals disappear, or as their habitat disappears, that’s also going to heavily influence humans in that area. (与此同时，人类也可能受到影响。在北极地区，人们的生计和福祉确实依赖这些动物。随着这些动物的消失，或者它们的栖息地的消失，这也将对该地区的人类产生重大影响)”可知，冰雪融化给生活在那里的人带来的负面影响。因此C项“生活在那个地区的人们已经适应了这种变化”是错误的。故选C。