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2023济宁一中高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2023济宁一中高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，文件包含山东省济宁市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析docx、山东省济宁市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题docx、济宁一中2022-2023学年度第二学期期中模块测试-高一英语期中听力音频mp3等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。
济宁市第一中学
2022-2023学年度第二学期期中模块测试
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3.回答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸，试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the worst part of Joe’s story?
A. The grammar. B. The handwriting C. The spelling.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Your story is fantastic, Joe, but the spelling is bad. Worst of all, your handwriting is nothing if not awful. Please rewrite it. This time concentrate on your expressions, please.
M: Sorry, Miss Green. I will improve my work. Did I make any grammar mistakes?
W: Only a few
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do the man’s class want to do this Sunday?
A. Go for a swim. B. Do some sunbathing. C. Collect the rubbish.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Sophie, our class are going to the beach this Sunday. Would you like to come together?
W: The beach? But it’s only April. It’s far too cold to go swimming!
M: The plan is to clean up the beach for the summer. We hope people will feel pleasant when they sunbathe.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who probably picked the woman’s roses?
A. Her son. B. The man. C. Her neighbor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Someone must have stolen flowers from my front garden. Nearly all my roses were gone. Have you seen anyone around my garden?
M: No, but I saw your son selling red roses outside the cinema this afternoon. Even your next-door neighbor Charles bought one. It’s Valentine’s Day today.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Holiday plans. B. Work problems. C. Family members.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Let’s go to the seaside this summer. I bet the children will like it. They’ve got tired of taking a road trip to another country.
M: That sounds like a great idea. And it’ll give me a chance to enjoy surfing and stay away from work.
W: Agreed then.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did Cynthia do in her history test?
A. She failed it. B. She barely passed. C. She did very well.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Cynthia is really amazing. She took a history test on Monday. To prepare for it, she read and memorized four books during two weeks.
W: And did she make it?
M: Not only did she make it, but also she passed with a high score.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A Recommend a film. B. Buy some medicine. C. Look for a restaurant.
7. How does the woman sound in the end?
A. Annoyed. B. Excited. C. Humorous.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Can you come up with a good movie we could watch tonight?
M: Well,you need to tell me what genre you like. Love stories? Adventure movies? Or documentaries? I know many good movies, and they’re mostly to my taste. But I’m not sure about yours.
W: Well, I’ll tell you what I don’t like. I can’t stand violence or crime. Other than that, I’m not very particular about what to watch. I just want a nice film to spend the evening. I’m not expecting the best movie of this year. I’m tired and want to relax.
M: Fine. Then I’ll select a nice comedy for you. Laughter is the best medicine, after all.
W: Wow, I’m looking forward to it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What can we say about the weather on Sunday?
A. It was fine. B. It was hot. C. It was changeable.
9. What do the locals think of small balls of ice in midsummer?
A. It’s beyond their expectations. B. It’s a common phenomenon. C. It’s caused by climate change.
【答案】8. C 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W: How did you enjoy your weekend at the seaside?
M: It started very well on Saturday, but on the second day we got a very unpleasant surprise.
W: What happened?
M: That afternoon, while everyone was enjoying the sunshine on the beach or playing in the sea, the sky suddenly went dark.A strong wind started blowing. Before people could gather their stuff and run for cover, there was a heavy shower of hail. All the people got into a panic, and left their things behind and ran to the beach restaurant. The hailstones were so big that many people got hurt!
W: Really? Small balls of ice in the middle of summer?
M: Apparently, it’s fairly common there. The locals said such storms sometimes blow from Iceland or Greenland.
W: It sounds like you did have a different and unforgettable weekend.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What is the man doing?
A. Conducting a job interview. B. Introducing an agency. C. Showing the woman around.
11. Where is the woman from?
A. Britain. B. France. C. Germany
12. What does then man promise the woman?
A. Life insurance. B. Office supplies. C. A fixed annual bonus.
【答案】10. A 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Good afternoon, Miss Smith. Take a seat, please. Could you tell me about yourself including your education and your work experience?
W: Of course. I’m Angela Smith,27, born here in London. I have a degree in Tourism Management. And I worked in a travel agency for four years. Unfortunately, it had to close due to the COVID-19.
M: I see. What are your greatest strengths?
W: Well, I’m good with people. I can speak German, French and Spanish. And I have experience of selling holiday packages.
M: What about your computer skills?
W: Most of my previous work was done on computers. I can use the computer very well.
M: OK. It seems you’re the right person we’re looking for. If you take the job, you’ll be selling insurance online from 8:30 a.m. till 4:30 p.m. Your base salary will be 1200 euros a month, and you’ll get performance-related pay.
We’ll offer you a laptop and a telephone. Do you have any questions?
W: When will I report for duty?
M: You are expected to start after the weekend.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What day is it today?
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
14. What does Claire think helped her get the letter from Harvard?
A. Forming good learning habits. B. Attending extra courses. C. Staying up late to study
15. Why did Claire choose Harvard University?
A. Her aunt was studying there. B. She has won a scholarship to it. C. She wants to be Madelyn’s schoolmate.
16. What does Claire plan to do before September?
A. Visit her aunt. B. Travel abroad. C. Visit some colleges.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Claire, I heard that you were admitted into Harvard University, right?
W: Yes, I received the letter on Friday, the day before yesterday.
M: Congratulations! You must have worked hard during your high school.
W: Well, I always got A’s on my tests. I took three separate courses for four months for the SAT.
M: What do you think is the most important during learning?
W: In my opinion, it’s the learning habit that helped me earn the letter from Harvard. Believe it or not, I never burned the midnight oil.
M: Why didn’t you choose Princeton? I remember your aunt graduated from Princeton years ago.
W: My best friend Madelyn joined Harvard last year. I really wanted to go there because of her, although Princeton offered me a scholarship.
M: Oh, I got it. When will you go to Harvard?
W: In September. Before that, I’ll fly to China and other Asian countries. I’ve been longing to taste food and meet people there. I’ve decided to work part-time to cover my expenses at college.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. How many kinds of climate emergencies does the speaker mention?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
18. What will cause a flash flood according to the speaker?
A. Tidal waves. B. Damaged dams. C. The rising warm air.
19. What is the fourth crisis mainly about?
A. Drought. B. Sea level. C. Disappearing species.
20 Why is James Elsner mentioned in the end?
A. He does research on polar bears.
B. He proves hurricanes get stronger.
C. He aims to protect coral reefs.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】Good evening, everyone. I’ve been asked to explain to you in simple terms what the world is facing in the current climate emergency. I’ll explain the crises under five headings, each with a brief explanation.
Firstly, drought. As temperature rises, the land dries up. Farmers have to face increasing problems of growing crops. This may cause shortages of food and drinking water.
Then, flooding. Coastal flooding happens when winds from a storm push water from the ocean onto land. A flash flood is caused by dam breaks or heavy rain. Urban flooding specifically occurs when rainfall damages the local drainage system.
Thirdly, the rising sea level. Melted water from the poles is expected to cause a rise in sea level, which will endanger the world’s coastal cities. In addition, coral reefs will die, and many ocean life forms will disappear.
Fourthly, animal extinction. Over the past thirty years, the Antarctic penguin population has shrunk by two thirds. Up north, polar bears are dying because their habitat, sea ice, is becoming thinner and thinner. Biologist Dr. Ian Stirling fears that polar bears are facing certain extinction.
And lastly, hurricanes. Hurricanes are getting stronger and more frequent because warm air rises rapidly. According to the weather expert James Elsner of Florida State University, storms have been fierce since 1981.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The two-week Harvard Pre-College Program is an intense and exciting experience of the college life. The admission committee is now looking for mature, academically motivated students who will graduate from high school and enter college in 2022.
The Course Experience
With over 30 courses to choose from, you're sure to find a topic that interests you. Although courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades, you need to attend the class in its entirety. When class is not in session, you can participate in creative and social activities. At the end of the program, you'll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, as well as a transcript（成绩单）.
Time
·July 24—August 5
How to Apply
Complete an online application and provide supplemental（补充的）materials, including：
·The $75 non-refundable application fee.
·Transcripts from 9th grade to fall 2021 grades: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your high school.
·If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL IBT or IELTS language proficiency exam along with your application.
Cost &Aid
The total fee for a Harvard Pre-College Program 2022 session is $ 4,950. The program fee includes tuition, room and board, and activity costs for the full two weeks. There is also a non-refundable $ 75 application fee and $100 health insurance.
A limited number of scholarships are available to assist students who demonstrate financial need. Awards vary based on need, and a typical award covers part of the tuition.
How to contact us
Interested in learning more about the program? Complete our request form, and a member of our team will contact you.
Phone: （617）495-4023
Email: precollege summer. harvard.cn
21. Which is a requirement for students attending the course?
A. Completing 30 courses. B. Getting required credits.
C. Having a full attendance. D. Prioritizing social activities.
22. What should be included in supplemental materials?
A. Health certificate. B. Academic conditions.
C. Financial declaration. D. Personal integrity.
23. What's the full payment for an admitted student on the program?
A. $75. B. $100. C. $4,950. D. $5,125.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。这是哈佛大学预科课程的介绍和招生广告。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades, you need to attend the class in its entirety.”（虽然课程没有学分，也没有字母评分，但你需要参加整个课程。）可知，参加这门课程的学生需要全体出席，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to Apply中“·Transcripts from 9th grade to fall 2021 grades: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your high school.”（·从9年级到2021年秋季年级的成绩单:包括你所在高中的进度报告、成绩单卡和教育总结。）可知，补充材料应该包括学术条件，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cost &Aid中“The total fee for a Harvard Pre-College Program 2022 session is $ 4,950. The program fee includes tuition, room and board, and activity costs for the full two weeks. There is also a non-refundable $ 75 application fee and $100 health insurance.”（哈佛大学2022年预科课程的总费用是4950美元。项目费用包括整个两周的学费、食宿费和活动费用。此外，还有75美元的申请费和100美元的医疗保险，费用不可退还。）可知，一个学生的全部费用包括4950+75+100美金，共5125美金，故选D。
【点睛】
B
By the time I took Kicker home, I was living in a van (旅居房车), so he was thrown into van life from day one. At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been...
Right out of the gate, I took him to ski touring, which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.
We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard. One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent.
I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. Together we kayaked, snowmobiled, and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier. Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska. He would hike part of the way, and I would carry him the rest. I would always let him run next to me as I boarded, but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket.
Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another.
24. What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author?
A. Sick and pitiful. B. Small and weak.
C. Happy and active. D. Outgoing and adventurous.
25. Why was the incident of Kicker’s vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. To illustrate how hard life is in a van.
B. To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses.
C. To show the importance of taking good care of a pet.
D. To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip.
26. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska.
B. What great experiences the author had.
C. How the author realized his childhood dream.
D. How much the author enjoyed Kicker's company.
27. What is special about the author’s relationship with Kicker?
A. They bond through shared adventures.
B. They help each other to become stronger.
C. They bond through giving each other rewards.
D. They depend on each other in life’s hardest times.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和小狗Kicker一起到野外的露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again. (起初，Kicker只是依偎在我的夹克里，但随着它越来越强壮，在我再次抱着它之前，它会自己跑一会儿。)”可知，刚开始的时候，小狗又小又弱。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard. One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent. (我们还在乌因塔山脉的高峰上进行了一些冬季露营冒险，我们还尝试了雪地风筝。我滑雪时他跑来跑去。他学会了快速飞行和风筝板。有一次他吐得我床上的新靠垫上到处都是。天啊，那东西臭了好几天！不过，和狗一起住在货车里还是很棒的。随着每一天的到来，他变得越来越强壮，越来越独立。)”可知，作者带着Kicker一起历险，相处融洽，Kicker吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，说明作者养狗的过程也不是十分轻松愉快。故选B项。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第一、二句“I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. (我从小就梦想着去阿拉斯加旅游，所以能够与Kicker分享那次旅行感觉不可思议。关于共同的经历，以及它们如何帮助建立牢固的纽带，有一些话要说。)”，第一句为本段的主旨句，整个段落围绕该主旨句讲述作者和小狗一起经历的乐趣。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been... (在这一点上，我知道如何让他成为一只外向和适应能力强的狗，我的生活比以前更冒险了……)”，以及最后一段“Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another. (养狗是我生命中最有意义的事情之一。对我来说，这是关于一起探索、分享经验、克服挑战、相互依偎，并最终照顾彼此的时间。)”可知，本文描述了作者带着Kicker一起在户外的各种经历，Kicker逐渐长大，学会了多种技能，作者和Kicker之间的关系变得愈加亲密，共同的冒险使一人一狗联系在了一起，故选A项。
C
There is no need to head to the movie theater or download the video game app: Angry Birds can be found right in your backyard this summer—if you live in the suburb(市郊). Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country. The results were recently published in Biology Letters.
“A possible reason for this is that these birds have less space but better resources to defend,” said Scott Davies, an expert at biological sciences in the College of Science. “Living near humans provides better food and shelter, but it also means more competition for these limited resources.”
The Virginia Tech and Radford University campuses served as the suburban sites due to their levels of human impact. Rural(乡村的) sites included Kentland Farm and Heritage Park. In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.
Campus birds showed a higher level of aggression: they approached and remained near the speaker, beat their wings wildly, engaged in loud singing and then began to produce ‘soft song’—a term that researchers use to describe the quiet noise that a bird makes, which indicates an attack is to be launched soon.
Though rural birds still responded to a song intrusion, they did not respond as vigorously.
The researchers placed small leg bands on the birds to identify individuals, and recorded each individual’s responses twice, several weeks apart. The suburban birds reacted more fiercely on both occasions, showing that their increased aggression persists throughout a breeding season.
28. The study by Virginia Tech researchers suggests that ________.
A. there are more angry birds in suburban areas than in rural areas
B. angry birds prefer to live in suburban areas instead of in country
C. birds living in suburban areas tend to show a higher level of anger
D. birds in rural areas prefer to live near humans for food and shelter
29. The researchers measured the level of different birds’ aggression by ________.
A. recording the reactions of song sparrows to their neighbors’ intrusion
B. placing small leg bands on the birds to identify different individuals
C. observing the birds’ responses to a recording of male song sparrows
D. approaching the birds in order to listen to their soft and quiet songs
30. The underlined word “vigorously” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. mildly B. violently
C. helplessly D. gently
31. The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. argue and persuade B. compare and assess
C. discuss and examine D. inform and explain
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究人员发现，居住在郊区的鸟儿们的愤怒程度要比住在乡村的鸟儿高得多。或许，你用不着买票去电影院观看，《愤怒的小鸟》正在你家后院上演呢。
【28题详解】
C细节理解题。第一段Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country.表明，住在郊区的鸟儿往往会表现出更高程度的愤怒。故选C。
【29题详解】
C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.可知，研究人员通过观察鸟儿对雄性麻雀的叫声的反应测量不同鸟类的攻击性程度。故选C。
【30题详解】
B 猜测词义题。根据与市郊小鸟对叫声反应的攻击性的对比，住在乡下的小鸟的反应不是那么激烈（violently）。故选B。
【31题详解】
D 写作意图题。本文在首段阐明观点，然后通过实验例证分析。故选D。
【名师点睛】
细节理解题的解题思路：
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
1).对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。
2).词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。
3).语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。
4).正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
如本题第2小题，The researchers measured the level of different birds’ aggression by ________.我们在原文中第三段第三句发现了定位词the birds’ responses to…转化形式 how the birds responded to…，和a recording of male song sparrows 在原文中的替换词a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor。 原文是这样的The researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow and observed how the birds responded to a simulated intrusion from a neighbor，我们知道，研究人员通过播放了一只雄性麻雀的录音，并观察了鸟儿对模拟入侵的反应来测量不同鸟类的攻击程度的，所以我们可以选择本题的正确答案C。而比较其他干扰项，要么将原文内容扩大或缩小，要么偷换概念，要么无中生有或者文不对题等。
D
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
32. What is special about ZEM?
A. It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B. It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C. It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
33. Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2?
A. To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B. To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
34. What do we know about all the components of ZEM?
A. They are of high quality. B. They are easy to process.
C. They are convenient to print. D. They are environmentally friendly.
35. What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future?
A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B. Mass production of ZEM cars.
C. Big success in beating other car makers. D. Dramatic changes in transportation.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际上可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.(这种汽车被称为“ZEM”，意思是“零排放机动性”，它配备了特殊装置，在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二中“The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. (研究小组说，如果ZEM行驶约32000公里，它可以从空气中清除2公斤的二氧化碳。这不是很多。研究小组计算出，10辆ZEM汽车在公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相当于一棵普通树一年吸收二氧化碳的量。)”可推知，研究团队在第二段计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好憧憬，故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.(ZEM还有其他一些创新，有助于使其更具可持续性: 汽车的车架和面板是3D打印的，以减少浪费；它使用可循环回收利用的材料制造；它可以很容易地拆卸，其中许多部件可以重复使用。ZEM的电池也是可重复使用的，而且还有一个方便的特点: 它可以用车顶上的太阳能电池板充电，甚至可以在汽车不在路上的时候为你的房子提供电力。)”可知，ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的，故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.(Eindhoven的研究小组表示，他们的目标是挑战电动汽车行业：如果32名学生能在不到一年的时间里制造出这样一辆汽车，那么汽车制造商肯定也会采用这些创新。)”可知，Eindhoven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，Eindhoven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的大量生产，故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Just think positively!”
“It could be worse.”
“You should look at the bright side!”
We’ve all heard (and maybe used) these phrases without much thought. But they could be contributing to a culture of toxic(有毒的) positivity. For those new to this term, it might sound like an oxymoron(矛盾修辞法). How can positivity be toxic? Isn’t it supposed to be helpful, or “positive”, as the name suggests? ____36____
“Toxic positivity is when somebody avoids all negative thoughts or feelings, pretending everything is going well when it is not,” explains Melissa Dowd, a therapist at PlushCare, a virtual health platform for primary care and mental health services.Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are.” ____37____ It’s also something we can cause other people to experience.
Expressing toxic positivity to others may look like offering them a simple solution to a complicated problem that we know nothing about, or not allowing people around you to appropriately express negative emotions.
Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse. ____38____ “Although it can be helpful to look on the bright side when facing challenges,” Dowd says, “not coping with negative feelings in a healthy way in the moment can lead to those feelings resurfacing later in different areas of your life or as a form of anxiety.” ____39____ “If I feel like you’re going to dismiss me, I’m going to stop sharing how I’m feeling,” Goodman adds.
____40____ If you’re using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it’s OK if you’re upset about something. It’s valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they’re going through a difficult time,” she says. Dowd adds that it’s essential that “we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life’s stressors continue to rise. For example, instead of simply saying “Just think positively,” we’d better say “Sometimes bad things happen. How can I help?”
A. Are there ways to avoid toxic positivity?
B. Toxic positivity also disrupts connection.
C. It can harm people who are going through difficult times.
D. This can come up in different situations when we are dealing with pressure.
E. They become more intense and can cause long-lasting health concerns in the future.
F. Experts say constant forced positivity can lead to the opposite, and have a negative effect.
G. This is what we may bring on to ourselves by not allowing negative thoughts and feelings.
【答案】36. F 37. G 38. E 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了“有毒的积极性”的不良影响和应对措施。
【36题详解】
根据上文“How can positivity be toxic? Isn’t it supposed to be helpful, or “positive”, as the name suggests?”（积极性怎么会有毒？它不应该像名字所暗示的那样有帮助，或者是“积极的”吗？）可知，选项承接上文说明专家对此的观点。故F选项“专家表示，持续的强迫积极可能会导致相反的结果，并产生负面影响。”切题。故选F项。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are.”（ 《有毒的积极性》一书的作者惠特尼·古德曼将“有毒的积极性”描述为“无论环境如何，都要保持快乐和积极的无尽压力。）可知，选项承接上文近一步总结所带来的后果。故G选项“这就是我们不允许消极的想法和感觉给自己带来的后果”切题。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse.”（有毒的积极情绪会让我们压抑自己的情绪，这可能会让情绪变得更糟）选项承接上文说明有毒的积极情绪的不良影响。故E选项“它们变得更加强烈，并可能在未来引起长期的健康问题”切题。故选E项。
【39题详解】
根据下文““If I feel like you’re going to dismiss me, I’m going to stop sharing how I’m feeling,” Goodman adds.”（如果我觉得你要不理会我，我就会停止分享我的感受，”古德曼补充道。）可知，有毒的积极情绪会会破坏人际关系。故B选项“有毒的积极情绪会会破坏人际关系”切题。故选B项。
【40题详解】
根据下文“If you’re using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it’s OK if you’re upset about something. It’s valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they’re going through a difficult time,” she says. Dowd adds that it’s essential that “we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life’s stressors continue to rise.”（古德曼建议，如果你对自己使用了有毒的积极性，记住如果你对某件事感到不安也没关系。如果有什么事惹恼了你，那是有效的。她说：“让我们自己和其他人在经历困难的时候分享。” 古德曼补充道，随着生活压力的不断增加，“我们都必须学会以健康的方式应对和处理自己的情绪，而不是避免自己的感受”）可知，下文是对上文有办法避免有毒的积极性的回答。故A选项“有没有办法避免有毒的积极情绪？”切题。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
The day I met Hani Irmawati, she was a shy, 17-year-old girl standing alone in the parking lot of the international school in Indonesia, where I teach English. She asked if I could help her improve her English. I could ___41___ it took immense courage for the young Indonesian girl to ___42___ me and ask for help.
“I want to go to a US university,” she said with confidence. I was surprised.
I agreed to work with her ___43___ a volunteer basis. For several months, Hani woke each morning at five and caught the city bus to her public high school. During the one-hour ___44___, she studied for her regular classes and finished the English ___45___ I had given her. At four o’clock in the afternoon, she arrived at my classroom, ___46___ but ready to work.
When I met Hani’s family at their ___47___ little house, I realized they would never be able to afford the expenses of a US university. Hani’s enthusiasm was ___48___ with her language ability, but I was becoming more and more discouraged.
One day I received the announcement of a(n) ___49___ opportunity for a major US university. After reading the requirements, I knew Hani couldn’t meet the qualifications. I told her that there was only a ___50___ chance of her getting the scholarship and encouraged her to be more “realistic” about her dream. But she remained ___51___.
“Will you send in my name?” she asked.
I couldn’t ___52___ her down. I completed the application, with the painful truth about her academic life, but also with my ___53___ of her courage and perseverance.
Three weeks later just before Hani went to Jakarta to take the Test of English Fluency, she received a letter from the scholarship association. She had been ___54___.
I leaped around the room, overjoyed and shocked. Hani stood by, smiling. I realized that it was I who had learned something Hani had known from the beginning: It is not intelligence alone that brings success, but also the ___55___ to succeed, the commitment to work hard and the courage to believe in yourself.
41. A. believe B. tell C. spot D. expect
42. A. convince B. excuse C. turn D. approach
43. A. as B. in C. on D. by
44. A. ride B. break C. stay D. class
45. A. accent B. assignment C. guideline D. journal
46. A. excited B. bored C. exhausted D. confused
47. A. humble B. comfortable C. ugly D. untidy
48. A. decreasing B. increasing C. showing D. fading
49. A. promotion B. growth C. scholarship D. investment
50. A. fair B. solid C. slim D. real
51. A. genuine B. subjective C. practical D. determined
52. A. put B. take C. break D. turn
53. A. concern B. praise C. criticism D. analysis
54. A. impressed B. rejected C. confirmed D. accepted
55. A. drive B. wisdom C. pressure D. secret
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是一个家境贫困的印尼女孩Hani的自信和努力学习的决心使她成功获得原本机会渺茫的奖学金的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看得出来，这个年轻的印尼女孩向我寻求帮助需要极大的勇气。A. believe相信；B. tell辨别；C. spot发现；D. expect期待。根据上文“ She was a shy, 17-year-old girl standing alone in the parking lot of the international school in Indonesia”可知，作者能够看的出来印尼女孩以极大的勇气向作者寻求帮助。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. convince使信服；B. excuse推脱；C. turn转向；D. approach接近。根据后文“ask for help”可知，印尼女孩接近作者寻求帮助。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我同意以志愿者的身份为基础和她一起工作。A. as作为；B. in在……里面；C. on在……上面；D. by通过。句中“on a volunteer basis”为固定搭配，意为“以志愿工作为基础”即表示作者同意无偿帮助印尼女孩学习英语。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个小时的车程中，她学习了常规课程，完成了我布置给她的英语作业。A. ride车程；B. break休息；C. stay停留；D. class班级。根据前文“caught the city bus to her public high school.”可知，印尼女孩坐公车去她的公立高中，在这一小时的车程中她完成了作者布置的任务。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accent口音；B. assignment任务；C. guideline方针；D. journal期刊。根据后文“I had given her.”可知，作者布置给女孩的任务。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下午四点，她来到我的教室，筋疲力尽，但准备开始学习。A. excited兴奋的；B. bored无聊的；C. exhausted疲劳的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文“During the one-hour ____4___ , she studied for her regular classes and finished the English ____5____ I had given her.”可知，女孩经过了一小时的车程，又完成了作者布置的任务，当到达作者办公室的时候，她是疲劳的。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在女孩家简陋的小房子里见到她的家人时，我意识到他们永远无法负担美国大学的费用。A. humble简陋的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. ugly丑陋的；D. untidy不整洁的。根据上文“little house”和后文“I realized they would never be able to afford the expenses of a US university.”可知，女孩和家人住在简陋的小房子中。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hani的热情随着她的语言能力而增强，但我却越来越气馁。A. decreasing减少；B. increasing增加；C. showing展示；D. fading褪色。根据后文的“with her language ability”可知，女孩的热情随着她的语言能力而增强。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我收到了美国一所重点大学的奖学金通知。A.promotion晋升，提拔；B. growth成长；C. scholarship奖学金；D. investment投资。根据后文“I told her that there was only a ____10____ chance of her getting the scholarship and encouraged her to be more “realistic” about her dream.”可知，作者收到了美国一所重点大学的奖学金通知。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，她获得奖学金的机会非常渺茫，并鼓励她对自己的梦想要“现实一点”。A. fair公平的；B. solid坚固的；C. slim苗条的，渺小的 ；D. real真的。根据后文的“encouraged her to be more ‘realistic’ about her dream.”可知，作者知道Hani获得奖学金的机会是渺茫的。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她仍然很坚定。A. genuine真挚的；B. subjective主观的；C. practical实际的；D. determined坚决的，坚定的。根据“but”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，即虽然获得奖学金的机会非常渺茫，但是她依旧坚持。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法拒绝她。A. put放；B. take拿走；C. break打破；D. turn转向。根据后文“I completed the application, with the painful truth about her academic life”可知，作者没有拒绝Hani的请求，把她的名字提交了上去。turn down为固定短语，意为“拒绝”。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完成了申请，介绍了她学习生活的困难真相，但也对她的勇气和毅力表示了赞扬。A. concern关心；B. praise赞扬；C. criticism批评；D. analysis分析。根据“her courage and perseverance.”可知，作者在填写表格时，对Hani在学习生活中遇到的困难真相进行了描述同时也对她的勇气和毅力进行了赞扬。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被录取了。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. rejected拒绝；C. confirmed证实；D. accepted接受。根据后文“I leaped around the room, overjoyed and shocked.”可知，Hani被录取了。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：带来成功的不仅仅是智力，还有对成功的渴望、努力工作的承诺和相信自己的勇气。A. drive渴望，动力；B. wisdom智慧；C. pressure压力；D. secret秘密。根据前文“not intelligence alone that brings success,”并结合Hani对成功的渴望可知，此处表示不仅仅是智力，还有对成功的渴望、努力工作的承诺和相信自己的勇气这才能带来成功。故选A。
第二节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，在答题卡上写出空缺处单词的正确形式，每空一词。
56. I am g______ to my parents for supporting and encouraging me.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】gratefulrateful
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我很感激我的父母对我的支持和鼓励。根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词grateful“感激的”符合题意，作表语，be grateful to“感激……”。故填grateful。
57. It’s generally acknowledged that fresh vegetables are b______ to our health(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】beneficial eneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为新鲜蔬菜对我们的健康有益。根据上文“fresh vegetables(新鲜的蔬菜)”以及下文“our health(我们的健康)”可知，空白处应填表示“有益的”含义的形容词，根据首字母提示可知，应用形容词beneficial，作表语。故填beneficial。
58. The school attaches great s______ to education on traditional Chinese culture. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】significanceignificance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这所学校非常重视中国传统文化教育。根据上文“attaches(认为……重要)”以及下文“education on traditional Chinese culture(中国传统文化教育)”可知此处上下文说的是重视中国传统文化教育。分析句子结构，attach significance to为固定搭配，含义为“重视……”，符合语境，故填significance。
59. To sum up, it is important to make sure that everyone has a______ to the Internet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】access ccess
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：总之，确保每个人都能访问互联网是很重要的。根据下文“the Internet(网络)”可知此处上下文说的是“上网”含义。分析句子结构，have access to为固定句型，含义为“得以使用……”，符合语境，故填access。
60. Our school offers a wide r______ of places to choose from for the summer holidays(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】range ange
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们学校暑假有很多地方可供选择。根据下文“to choose from for the summer holidays(暑假可供选择)”可知，上文说的是有许多地方。分析句子结构，a wide range of为固定短语，含义为“一系列的；许多的”，符合语境，故填range。
61. I will ______(代表)our school to attend the basketball match. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】represent
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我将代表我们学校参加篮球比赛。根据汉语提示，表示“代表”含义的词为represent，分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因空白处前面有助动词will可知句子使用了一般将来时，空白处只需填动词原形，故填represent。
62. Much to my ______(满意), everything is going on quite smoothly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】satisfaction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我非常满意的是，一切都进行得相当顺利。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的形容词性物主代词my可知空白处应填名词，根据汉语提示，表示“满意”含义的名词为satisfaction，故填satisfaction。
63. The audience were clapping for 11 minutes after the ______(表演). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】performance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：演出结束后，观众鼓掌11分钟。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，根据汉语提示，表示“表演”含义的名词为performance，故填performance。
64. As time went by, I ______(逐渐地) adapted myself to the new life in senior high school. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】gradually
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了高中的新生活。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词gradually，修饰动词adapted，作状语。故填gradually。
65. Sometime in elementary school I developed an interest in science, and physics in ______(尤其). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】particular
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在小学的某个时候，我对科学产生了兴趣，尤其是物理。in particular尤其，特别。根据汉语提示及句意，故填particular。
第三节 语法填空(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
阅读下面的句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
66. The purpose of exercising is ________(avoid) illness and reduce mental tiredness. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to avoid
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼的目的是避免生病和减少精神上的疲劳。purpose作主语时后常跟动词不定式作表语。故填to avoid
67. The number of people ______ (apply) for the position is said to have reached over 500. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】applying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说申请这个职位的人数已经超过了500人。分析句子结构可知apply与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填applying。
68. So far, large amounts of money ______ (donate) to charity for the rescue work in Turkey. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been donated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经为土耳其的救援工作向慈善机构捐赠了大量资金。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语So far可知，空白处应使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语money有large amounts of修饰，助动词用have。故填have been donated。
69. We should take ______ account students’ suggestion that the school library provide more books on popular science. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】into
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们应该考虑学生们的建议，即学校图书馆提供更多的科普书籍。分析句子结构，take sth into account为固定短语，含义为“把……考虑在内”，符合语境，故填into。
70. In Thailand and other parts of Southeast Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with palms ________(press) together. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】pressed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在泰国和东南亚其他地区，正常的问候就是双手合十，轻微鞠一下躬。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾补，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语palms 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需使用过去分词，故填pressed。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
71. 假定你是英语版学生编辑李华，校学生会将举行送你一朵花“A Flower for You”活动，请你写一则倡议，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.呼吁参加。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Union
【答案】范文一
Dear fellow students,
To spread joy and kindness, we plan to launch an initiative-A Flower for You.
You can give flowers to whoever you believe deserves them-a friend, a family member, a teacher, or even a stranger. Your gesture can brighten their day and remind them that they are appreciated. You may either buy a bunch of flowers or just make artificial flowers yourself. Small gesture as it is, it can make a difference to the person who receives your heartfelt gift. Come and join us!
Let’s make the world a little bit brighter with flowers!
The Student Union
范文二
Dear fellow students,
To make the world a place full of love, compassion and appreciation, the activity “A Flower for You” launched by the Students Union is to kick off. We strongly look to have you with us in this heartwarming spring.
Running throughout next week, the activity come in different forms. You can give the flower to yourself, who have always been devoted to your learning with committed efforts. Also, the flower can go to the less fortunate students, showing your care and help spiritually. One particular flower should be intended for our parents and teachers who have been guiding us on our growth without expecting anything in return. More creative initiatives are also welcome/expected.
Come and join us! Your participation will surely be a shining addition to the activity.
The Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的倡议书。要求考生呼吁所有学生参加校学生会举行的“送你一朵花”活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
欢乐：joy → delight/happiness
计划、打算：plan→ intend
衷心的：heartfelt → genuine/sincere
明亮的：bright→ shining
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To spread joy and kindness, we plan to launch an initiative-A Flower for You.
拓展句：Since we want to spread joy and kindness, we plan to launch an initiative-A Flower for You.
【点睛】【高分句型1】You can give flowers to whoever you believe deserves them-a friend, a family member, a teacher, or even a stranger.（运用了whoever引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Small gesture as it is, it can make a difference to the person who receives your heartfelt gift.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句和who引导的定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
72. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I sat at the breakfast table with my four-year-old son, Matthew, trying to ignore the ache in my stomach. “Mama, want to play?” “Not today, baby.” I shook my head. These days I could barely get out of bed. I was still recovering from an operation. I hoped for strength and happiness, but the future seemed so hopeless.
Suddenly, Matthew jumped up from his spot on the kitchen floor. “Bird!” he shouted, rushing to our courtyard. Sure enough, there was a white dove seated in a rubber tree (橡胶树). It sat there for a few moments, and then flew away. Strange, I’d never seen one in our neighborhood before.
When I dragged myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back. This time it was with a mate carrying sticks. “Look Matthew,” I said, pointing to the tree. “They’re going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on top of the rubber tree.
Matthew could hardly contain his excitement. Every morning, he’d run into the kitchen and take his spot by the sliding glass door (滑动玻璃门), talking to the birds while they worked. His happiness was influential. As much as I was sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits too.
Then it all went wrong. The courtyard was a safe enough spot for a nest, but the rubber tree’s broad, thin leaves were far from stable. One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground. I heard the twigs (细枝) break apart.
I surveyed the damage. Nothing good ever lasted. I wouldn’t blame the doves if they never came back. But they returned. And they paid no attention to the pile of sticks that had once been their nest. They started again from the beginning. Again, though, the wind destroyed all their hard work. The next day, and the next, they started again, as if nothing had happened.
注意：
1.续写词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I knew I had to do something.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“It works! The birds are back!” Matthew announced.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
I knew I had to do something. The white dove and its mate had provided brightness during my dark days. Now it was time to help them in return. I cut a piece of hardware cloth, forming it into the shape of a nest and then securing the ends. I then hammered it into the wall next to the rubber tree. After I had finished all the work, there was only an hour before the doves usually made their visit. Matthew and I stood by the sliding glass door, waiting and hoping.
Paragraph 2:
“It works! The birds are back!” Matthew announced. Hearing my son’s excited voice, which was as clear as a bell, I looked up. There they were-swooping and circling near the nest, trying to add some twigs to their new home. A few weeks later, three babies broke free from their shells. “Chirp, chirp,” Matthew sang. I held him in my arms and kissed him, enjoying the happiness of the moment. Looking at their flittering shadows and hearing them chirp, I felt the dim grayness within my heart disappeared, replaced by the strength of life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展顺序为线索展开，讲述了作者的儿子Matthew每天都看到一些鸽子来到自己家的院子里。一天夜里，刮起了一阵大风，把筑在树上的鸽巢掀到地上。作者以为鸽子们再也不回来，但它们又回来了，并且又在树上筑巢。尽管大风又一次摧毁了它们所有的辛勤工作，但是它们继续努力。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我知道我必须做点什么。”可知，第一段可描写作者帮助鸽子们，在橡胶树旁边的墙上钉了一个架子，并用树叶覆盖，使它看起来像一棵树，等待鸽子们的到来。
②由第二段首句内容“起作用了!鸟儿又回来了!’马修宣布。”可知，第二段可描写鸽子们回来后的情况。鸽子在架子上筑巢、孵蛋。这让作者意识到生活充满了无法想象的奇迹和惊喜。
2.续写线索：作者决定帮助鸽子——在墙上钉架子——满怀希望地等待——鸽子回来在架子上筑巢——小鸽子孵出——作者感到生活充满奇迹和惊喜
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help /do sb. a favor/give sb. a had
②完成：complete/finish/accomplish
③提供：provide / offer/supply
情绪类
①兴奋的：excited/thrilled
②开心：happiness/delight
【点睛】[高分句型1]I cut a piece of hardware cloth, forming it into the shape of a nest and then securing the ends.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]After I had finished all the work, there was only an hour before the doves usually made their visit.（运用了after和before引导的时间状语从句）
济宁市第一中学
2022-2023学年度第二学期期中模块测试
高一英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3.回答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸，试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the worst part of Joe’s story?
A. The grammar. B. The handwriting C. The spelling.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Your story is fantastic, Joe, but the spelling is bad. Worst of all, your handwriting is nothing if not awful. Please rewrite it. This time concentrate on your expressions, please.
M: Sorry, Miss Green. I will improve my work. Did I make any grammar mistakes?
W: Only a few
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do the man’s class want to do this Sunday?
A. Go for a swim. B. Do some sunbathing. C. Collect the rubbish.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Sophie, our class are going to the beach this Sunday. Would you like to come together?
W: The beach? But it’s only April. It’s far too cold to go swimming!
M: The plan is to clean up the beach for the summer. We hope people will feel pleasant when they sunbathe.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who probably picked the woman’s roses?
A. Her son. B. The man. C. Her neighbor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Someone must have stolen flowers from my front garden. Nearly all my roses were gone. Have you seen anyone around my garden?
M: No, but I saw your son selling red roses outside the cinema this afternoon. Even your next-door neighbor Charles bought one. It’s Valentine’s Day today.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Holiday plans. B. Work problems. C. Family members.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Let’s go to the seaside this summer. I bet the children will like it. They’ve got tired of taking a road trip to another country.
M: That sounds like a great idea. And it’ll give me a chance to enjoy surfing and stay away from work.
W: Agreed then.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did Cynthia do in her history test?
A. She failed it. B. She barely passed. C. She did very well.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Cynthia is really amazing. She took a history test on Monday. To prepare for it, she read and memorized four books during two weeks.
W: And did she make it?
M: Not only did she make it, but also she passed with a high score.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A Recommend a film. B. Buy some medicine. C. Look for a restaurant.
7. How does the woman sound in the end?
A. Annoyed. B. Excited. C. Humorous.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Can you come up with a good movie we could watch tonight?
M: Well,you need to tell me what genre you like. Love stories? Adventure movies? Or documentaries? I know many good movies, and they’re mostly to my taste. But I’m not sure about yours.
W: Well, I’ll tell you what I don’t like. I can’t stand violence or crime. Other than that, I’m not very particular about what to watch. I just want a nice film to spend the evening. I’m not expecting the best movie of this year. I’m tired and want to relax.
M: Fine. Then I’ll select a nice comedy for you. Laughter is the best medicine, after all.
W: Wow, I’m looking forward to it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What can we say about the weather on Sunday?
A. It was fine. B. It was hot. C. It was changeable.
9. What do the locals think of small balls of ice in midsummer?
A. It’s beyond their expectations. B. It’s a common phenomenon. C. It’s caused by climate change.
【答案】8. C 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W: How did you enjoy your weekend at the seaside?
M: It started very well on Saturday, but on the second day we got a very unpleasant surprise.
W: What happened?
M: That afternoon, while everyone was enjoying the sunshine on the beach or playing in the sea, the sky suddenly went dark.A strong wind started blowing. Before people could gather their stuff and run for cover, there was a heavy shower of hail. All the people got into a panic, and left their things behind and ran to the beach restaurant. The hailstones were so big that many people got hurt!
W: Really? Small balls of ice in the middle of summer?
M: Apparently, it’s fairly common there. The locals said such storms sometimes blow from Iceland or Greenland.
W: It sounds like you did have a different and unforgettable weekend.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What is the man doing?
A. Conducting a job interview. B. Introducing an agency. C. Showing the woman around.
11. Where is the woman from?
A. Britain. B. France. C. Germany
12. What does then man promise the woman?
A. Life insurance. B. Office supplies. C. A fixed annual bonus.
【答案】10. A 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Good afternoon, Miss Smith. Take a seat, please. Could you tell me about yourself including your education and your work experience?
W: Of course. I’m Angela Smith,27, born here in London. I have a degree in Tourism Management. And I worked in a travel agency for four years. Unfortunately, it had to close due to the COVID-19.
M: I see. What are your greatest strengths?
W: Well, I’m good with people. I can speak German, French and Spanish. And I have experience of selling holiday packages.
M: What about your computer skills?
W: Most of my previous work was done on computers. I can use the computer very well.
M: OK. It seems you’re the right person we’re looking for. If you take the job, you’ll be selling insurance online from 8:30 a.m. till 4:30 p.m. Your base salary will be 1200 euros a month, and you’ll get performance-related pay.
We’ll offer you a laptop and a telephone. Do you have any questions?
W: When will I report for duty?
M: You are expected to start after the weekend.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What day is it today?
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
14. What does Claire think helped her get the letter from Harvard?
A. Forming good learning habits. B. Attending extra courses. C. Staying up late to study
15. Why did Claire choose Harvard University?
A. Her aunt was studying there. B. She has won a scholarship to it. C. She wants to be Madelyn’s schoolmate.
16. What does Claire plan to do before September?
A. Visit her aunt. B. Travel abroad. C. Visit some colleges.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Claire, I heard that you were admitted into Harvard University, right?
W: Yes, I received the letter on Friday, the day before yesterday.
M: Congratulations! You must have worked hard during your high school.
W: Well, I always got A’s on my tests. I took three separate courses for four months for the SAT.
M: What do you think is the most important during learning?
W: In my opinion, it’s the learning habit that helped me earn the letter from Harvard. Believe it or not, I never burned the midnight oil.
M: Why didn’t you choose Princeton? I remember your aunt graduated from Princeton years ago.
W: My best friend Madelyn joined Harvard last year. I really wanted to go there because of her, although Princeton offered me a scholarship.
M: Oh, I got it. When will you go to Harvard?
W: In September. Before that, I’ll fly to China and other Asian countries. I’ve been longing to taste food and meet people there. I’ve decided to work part-time to cover my expenses at college.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. How many kinds of climate emergencies does the speaker mention?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
18. What will cause a flash flood according to the speaker?
A. Tidal waves. B. Damaged dams. C. The rising warm air.
19. What is the fourth crisis mainly about?
A. Drought. B. Sea level. C. Disappearing species.
20 Why is James Elsner mentioned in the end?
A. He does research on polar bears.
B. He proves hurricanes get stronger.
C. He aims to protect coral reefs.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】Good evening, everyone. I’ve been asked to explain to you in simple terms what the world is facing in the current climate emergency. I’ll explain the crises under five headings, each with a brief explanation.
Firstly, drought. As temperature rises, the land dries up. Farmers have to face increasing problems of growing crops. This may cause shortages of food and drinking water.
Then, flooding. Coastal flooding happens when winds from a storm push water from the ocean onto land. A flash flood is caused by dam breaks or heavy rain. Urban flooding specifically occurs when rainfall damages the local drainage system.
Thirdly, the rising sea level. Melted water from the poles is expected to cause a rise in sea level, which will endanger the world’s coastal cities. In addition, coral reefs will die, and many ocean life forms will disappear.
Fourthly, animal extinction. Over the past thirty years, the Antarctic penguin population has shrunk by two thirds. Up north, polar bears are dying because their habitat, sea ice, is becoming thinner and thinner. Biologist Dr. Ian Stirling fears that polar bears are facing certain extinction.
And lastly, hurricanes. Hurricanes are getting stronger and more frequent because warm air rises rapidly. According to the weather expert James Elsner of Florida State University, storms have been fierce since 1981.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The two-week Harvard Pre-College Program is an intense and exciting experience of the college life. The admission committee is now looking for mature, academically motivated students who will graduate from high school and enter college in 2022.
The Course Experience
With over 30 courses to choose from, you're sure to find a topic that interests you. Although courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades, you need to attend the class in its entirety. When class is not in session, you can participate in creative and social activities. At the end of the program, you'll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, as well as a transcript（成绩单）.
Time
·July 24—August 5
How to Apply
Complete an online application and provide supplemental（补充的）materials, including：
·The $75 non-refundable application fee.
·Transcripts from 9th grade to fall 2021 grades: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your high school.
·If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL IBT or IELTS language proficiency exam along with your application.
Cost &Aid
The total fee for a Harvard Pre-College Program 2022 session is $ 4,950. The program fee includes tuition, room and board, and activity costs for the full two weeks. There is also a non-refundable $ 75 application fee and $100 health insurance.
A limited number of scholarships are available to assist students who demonstrate financial need. Awards vary based on need, and a typical award covers part of the tuition.
How to contact us
Interested in learning more about the program? Complete our request form, and a member of our team will contact you.
Phone: （617）495-4023
Email: precollege summer. harvard.cn
21. Which is a requirement for students attending the course?
A. Completing 30 courses. B. Getting required credits.
C. Having a full attendance. D. Prioritizing social activities.
22. What should be included in supplemental materials?
A. Health certificate. B. Academic conditions.
C. Financial declaration. D. Personal integrity.
23. What's the full payment for an admitted student on the program?
A. $75. B. $100. C. $4,950. D. $5,125.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。这是哈佛大学预科课程的介绍和招生广告。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades, you need to attend the class in its entirety.”（虽然课程没有学分，也没有字母评分，但你需要参加整个课程。）可知，参加这门课程的学生需要全体出席，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to Apply中“·Transcripts from 9th grade to fall 2021 grades: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your high school.”（·从9年级到2021年秋季年级的成绩单:包括你所在高中的进度报告、成绩单卡和教育总结。）可知，补充材料应该包括学术条件，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cost &Aid中“The total fee for a Harvard Pre-College Program 2022 session is $ 4,950. The program fee includes tuition, room and board, and activity costs for the full two weeks. There is also a non-refundable $ 75 application fee and $100 health insurance.”（哈佛大学2022年预科课程的总费用是4950美元。项目费用包括整个两周的学费、食宿费和活动费用。此外，还有75美元的申请费和100美元的医疗保险，费用不可退还。）可知，一个学生的全部费用包括4950+75+100美金，共5125美金，故选D。
【点睛】
B
By the time I took Kicker home, I was living in a van (旅居房车), so he was thrown into van life from day one. At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been...
Right out of the gate, I took him to ski touring, which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.
We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard. One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent.
I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. Together we kayaked, snowmobiled, and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier. Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska. He would hike part of the way, and I would carry him the rest. I would always let him run next to me as I boarded, but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket.
Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another.
24. What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author?
A. Sick and pitiful. B. Small and weak.
C. Happy and active. D. Outgoing and adventurous.
25. Why was the incident of Kicker’s vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. To illustrate how hard life is in a van.
B. To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses.
C. To show the importance of taking good care of a pet.
D. To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip.
26. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska.
B. What great experiences the author had.
C. How the author realized his childhood dream.
D. How much the author enjoyed Kicker's company.
27. What is special about the author’s relationship with Kicker?
A. They bond through shared adventures.
B. They help each other to become stronger.
C. They bond through giving each other rewards.
D. They depend on each other in life’s hardest times.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和小狗Kicker一起到野外的露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“At first, Kicker would just stay nestled (依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again. (起初，Kicker只是依偎在我的夹克里，但随着它越来越强壮，在我再次抱着它之前，它会自己跑一会儿。)”可知，刚开始的时候，小狗又小又弱。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snow kiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard. One time he vomited (呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent. (我们还在乌因塔山脉的高峰上进行了一些冬季露营冒险，我们还尝试了雪地风筝。我滑雪时他跑来跑去。他学会了快速飞行和风筝板。有一次他吐得我床上的新靠垫上到处都是。天啊，那东西臭了好几天！不过，和狗一起住在货车里还是很棒的。随着每一天的到来，他变得越来越强壮，越来越独立。)”可知，作者带着Kicker一起历险，相处融洽，Kicker吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，说明作者养狗的过程也不是十分轻松愉快。故选B项。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第一、二句“I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. (我从小就梦想着去阿拉斯加旅游，所以能够与Kicker分享那次旅行感觉不可思议。关于共同的经历，以及它们如何帮助建立牢固的纽带，有一些话要说。)”，第一句为本段的主旨句，整个段落围绕该主旨句讲述作者和小狗一起经历的乐趣。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been... (在这一点上，我知道如何让他成为一只外向和适应能力强的狗，我的生活比以前更冒险了……)”，以及最后一段“Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another. (养狗是我生命中最有意义的事情之一。对我来说，这是关于一起探索、分享经验、克服挑战、相互依偎，并最终照顾彼此的时间。)”可知，本文描述了作者带着Kicker一起在户外的各种经历，Kicker逐渐长大，学会了多种技能，作者和Kicker之间的关系变得愈加亲密，共同的冒险使一人一狗联系在了一起，故选A项。
C
There is no need to head to the movie theater or download the video game app: Angry Birds can be found right in your backyard this summer—if you live in the suburb(市郊). Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country. The results were recently published in Biology Letters.
“A possible reason for this is that these birds have less space but better resources to defend,” said Scott Davies, an expert at biological sciences in the College of Science. “Living near humans provides better food and shelter, but it also means more competition for these limited resources.”
The Virginia Tech and Radford University campuses served as the suburban sites due to their levels of human impact. Rural(乡村的) sites included Kentland Farm and Heritage Park. In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.
Campus birds showed a higher level of aggression: they approached and remained near the speaker, beat their wings wildly, engaged in loud singing and then began to produce ‘soft song’—a term that researchers use to describe the quiet noise that a bird makes, which indicates an attack is to be launched soon.
Though rural birds still responded to a song intrusion, they did not respond as vigorously.
The researchers placed small leg bands on the birds to identify individuals, and recorded each individual’s responses twice, several weeks apart. The suburban birds reacted more fiercely on both occasions, showing that their increased aggression persists throughout a breeding season.
28. The study by Virginia Tech researchers suggests that ________.
A. there are more angry birds in suburban areas than in rural areas
B. angry birds prefer to live in suburban areas instead of in country
C. birds living in suburban areas tend to show a higher level of anger
D. birds in rural areas prefer to live near humans for food and shelter
29. The researchers measured the level of different birds’ aggression by ________.
A. recording the reactions of song sparrows to their neighbors’ intrusion
B. placing small leg bands on the birds to identify different individuals
C. observing the birds’ responses to a recording of male song sparrows
D. approaching the birds in order to listen to their soft and quiet songs
30. The underlined word “vigorously” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. mildly B. violently
C. helplessly D. gently
31. The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. argue and persuade B. compare and assess
C. discuss and examine D. inform and explain
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究人员发现，居住在郊区的鸟儿们的愤怒程度要比住在乡村的鸟儿高得多。或许，你用不着买票去电影院观看，《愤怒的小鸟》正在你家后院上演呢。
【28题详解】
C细节理解题。第一段Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country.表明，住在郊区的鸟儿往往会表现出更高程度的愤怒。故选C。
【29题详解】
C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.可知，研究人员通过观察鸟儿对雄性麻雀的叫声的反应测量不同鸟类的攻击性程度。故选C。
【30题详解】
B 猜测词义题。根据与市郊小鸟对叫声反应的攻击性的对比，住在乡下的小鸟的反应不是那么激烈（violently）。故选B。
【31题详解】
D 写作意图题。本文在首段阐明观点，然后通过实验例证分析。故选D。
【名师点睛】
细节理解题的解题思路：
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
1).对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。
2).词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。
3).语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。
4).正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
如本题第2小题，The researchers measured the level of different birds’ aggression by ________.我们在原文中第三段第三句发现了定位词the birds’ responses to…转化形式 how the birds responded to…，和a recording of male song sparrows 在原文中的替换词a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor。 原文是这样的The researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow and observed how the birds responded to a simulated intrusion from a neighbor，我们知道，研究人员通过播放了一只雄性麻雀的录音，并观察了鸟儿对模拟入侵的反应来测量不同鸟类的攻击程度的，所以我们可以选择本题的正确答案C。而比较其他干扰项，要么将原文内容扩大或缩小，要么偷换概念，要么无中生有或者文不对题等。
D
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
32. What is special about ZEM?
A. It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B. It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C. It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
33. Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2?
A. To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B. To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
34. What do we know about all the components of ZEM?
A. They are of high quality. B. They are easy to process.
C. They are convenient to print. D. They are environmentally friendly.
35. What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future?
A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B. Mass production of ZEM cars.
C. Big success in beating other car makers. D. Dramatic changes in transportation.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际上可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.(这种汽车被称为“ZEM”，意思是“零排放机动性”，它配备了特殊装置，在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二中“The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. (研究小组说，如果ZEM行驶约32000公里，它可以从空气中清除2公斤的二氧化碳。这不是很多。研究小组计算出，10辆ZEM汽车在公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相当于一棵普通树一年吸收二氧化碳的量。)”可推知，研究团队在第二段计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好憧憬，故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.(ZEM还有其他一些创新，有助于使其更具可持续性: 汽车的车架和面板是3D打印的，以减少浪费；它使用可循环回收利用的材料制造；它可以很容易地拆卸，其中许多部件可以重复使用。ZEM的电池也是可重复使用的，而且还有一个方便的特点: 它可以用车顶上的太阳能电池板充电，甚至可以在汽车不在路上的时候为你的房子提供电力。)”可知，ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的，故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.(Eindhoven的研究小组表示，他们的目标是挑战电动汽车行业：如果32名学生能在不到一年的时间里制造出这样一辆汽车，那么汽车制造商肯定也会采用这些创新。)”可知，Eindhoven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，Eindhoven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的大量生产，故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Just think positively!”
“It could be worse.”
“You should look at the bright side!”
We’ve all heard (and maybe used) these phrases without much thought. But they could be contributing to a culture of toxic(有毒的) positivity. For those new to this term, it might sound like an oxymoron(矛盾修辞法). How can positivity be toxic? Isn’t it supposed to be helpful, or “positive”, as the name suggests? ____36____
“Toxic positivity is when somebody avoids all negative thoughts or feelings, pretending everything is going well when it is not,” explains Melissa Dowd, a therapist at PlushCare, a virtual health platform for primary care and mental health services.Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are.” ____37____ It’s also something we can cause other people to experience.
Expressing toxic positivity to others may look like offering them a simple solution to a complicated problem that we know nothing about, or not allowing people around you to appropriately express negative emotions.
Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse. ____38____ “Although it can be helpful to look on the bright side when facing challenges,” Dowd says, “not coping with negative feelings in a healthy way in the moment can lead to those feelings resurfacing later in different areas of your life or as a form of anxiety.” ____39____ “If I feel like you’re going to dismiss me, I’m going to stop sharing how I’m feeling,” Goodman adds.
____40____ If you’re using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it’s OK if you’re upset about something. It’s valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they’re going through a difficult time,” she says. Dowd adds that it’s essential that “we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life’s stressors continue to rise. For example, instead of simply saying “Just think positively,” we’d better say “Sometimes bad things happen. How can I help?”
A. Are there ways to avoid toxic positivity?
B. Toxic positivity also disrupts connection.
C. It can harm people who are going through difficult times.
D. This can come up in different situations when we are dealing with pressure.
E. They become more intense and can cause long-lasting health concerns in the future.
F. Experts say constant forced positivity can lead to the opposite, and have a negative effect.
G. This is what we may bring on to ourselves by not allowing negative thoughts and feelings.
【答案】36. F 37. G 38. E 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了“有毒的积极性”的不良影响和应对措施。
【36题详解】
根据上文“How can positivity be toxic? Isn’t it supposed to be helpful, or “positive”, as the name suggests?”（积极性怎么会有毒？它不应该像名字所暗示的那样有帮助，或者是“积极的”吗？）可知，选项承接上文说明专家对此的观点。故F选项“专家表示，持续的强迫积极可能会导致相反的结果，并产生负面影响。”切题。故选F项。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the “endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are.”（ 《有毒的积极性》一书的作者惠特尼·古德曼将“有毒的积极性”描述为“无论环境如何，都要保持快乐和积极的无尽压力。）可知，选项承接上文近一步总结所带来的后果。故G选项“这就是我们不允许消极的想法和感觉给自己带来的后果”切题。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse.”（有毒的积极情绪会让我们压抑自己的情绪，这可能会让情绪变得更糟）选项承接上文说明有毒的积极情绪的不良影响。故E选项“它们变得更加强烈，并可能在未来引起长期的健康问题”切题。故选E项。
【39题详解】
根据下文““If I feel like you’re going to dismiss me, I’m going to stop sharing how I’m feeling,” Goodman adds.”（如果我觉得你要不理会我，我就会停止分享我的感受，”古德曼补充道。）可知，有毒的积极情绪会会破坏人际关系。故B选项“有毒的积极情绪会会破坏人际关系”切题。故选B项。
【40题详解】
根据下文“If you’re using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it’s OK if you’re upset about something. It’s valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they’re going through a difficult time,” she says. Dowd adds that it’s essential that “we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel” as life’s stressors continue to rise.”（古德曼建议，如果你对自己使用了有毒的积极性，记住如果你对某件事感到不安也没关系。如果有什么事惹恼了你，那是有效的。她说：“让我们自己和其他人在经历困难的时候分享。” 古德曼补充道，随着生活压力的不断增加，“我们都必须学会以健康的方式应对和处理自己的情绪，而不是避免自己的感受”）可知，下文是对上文有办法避免有毒的积极性的回答。故A选项“有没有办法避免有毒的积极情绪？”切题。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
The day I met Hani Irmawati, she was a shy, 17-year-old girl standing alone in the parking lot of the international school in Indonesia, where I teach English. She asked if I could help her improve her English. I could ___41___ it took immense courage for the young Indonesian girl to ___42___ me and ask for help.
“I want to go to a US university,” she said with confidence. I was surprised.
I agreed to work with her ___43___ a volunteer basis. For several months, Hani woke each morning at five and caught the city bus to her public high school. During the one-hour ___44___, she studied for her regular classes and finished the English ___45___ I had given her. At four o’clock in the afternoon, she arrived at my classroom, ___46___ but ready to work.
When I met Hani’s family at their ___47___ little house, I realized they would never be able to afford the expenses of a US university. Hani’s enthusiasm was ___48___ with her language ability, but I was becoming more and more discouraged.
One day I received the announcement of a(n) ___49___ opportunity for a major US university. After reading the requirements, I knew Hani couldn’t meet the qualifications. I told her that there was only a ___50___ chance of her getting the scholarship and encouraged her to be more “realistic” about her dream. But she remained ___51___.
“Will you send in my name?” she asked.
I couldn’t ___52___ her down. I completed the application, with the painful truth about her academic life, but also with my ___53___ of her courage and perseverance.
Three weeks later just before Hani went to Jakarta to take the Test of English Fluency, she received a letter from the scholarship association. She had been ___54___.
I leaped around the room, overjoyed and shocked. Hani stood by, smiling. I realized that it was I who had learned something Hani had known from the beginning: It is not intelligence alone that brings success, but also the ___55___ to succeed, the commitment to work hard and the courage to believe in yourself.
41. A. believe B. tell C. spot D. expect
42. A. convince B. excuse C. turn D. approach
43. A. as B. in C. on D. by
44. A. ride B. break C. stay D. class
45. A. accent B. assignment C. guideline D. journal
46. A. excited B. bored C. exhausted D. confused
47. A. humble B. comfortable C. ugly D. untidy
48. A. decreasing B. increasing C. showing D. fading
49. A. promotion B. growth C. scholarship D. investment
50. A. fair B. solid C. slim D. real
51. A. genuine B. subjective C. practical D. determined
52. A. put B. take C. break D. turn
53. A. concern B. praise C. criticism D. analysis
54. A. impressed B. rejected C. confirmed D. accepted
55. A. drive B. wisdom C. pressure D. secret
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是一个家境贫困的印尼女孩Hani的自信和努力学习的决心使她成功获得原本机会渺茫的奖学金的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看得出来，这个年轻的印尼女孩向我寻求帮助需要极大的勇气。A. believe相信；B. tell辨别；C. spot发现；D. expect期待。根据上文“ She was a shy, 17-year-old girl standing alone in the parking lot of the international school in Indonesia”可知，作者能够看的出来印尼女孩以极大的勇气向作者寻求帮助。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. convince使信服；B. excuse推脱；C. turn转向；D. approach接近。根据后文“ask for help”可知，印尼女孩接近作者寻求帮助。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我同意以志愿者的身份为基础和她一起工作。A. as作为；B. in在……里面；C. on在……上面；D. by通过。句中“on a volunteer basis”为固定搭配，意为“以志愿工作为基础”即表示作者同意无偿帮助印尼女孩学习英语。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个小时的车程中，她学习了常规课程，完成了我布置给她的英语作业。A. ride车程；B. break休息；C. stay停留；D. class班级。根据前文“caught the city bus to her public high school.”可知，印尼女孩坐公车去她的公立高中，在这一小时的车程中她完成了作者布置的任务。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accent口音；B. assignment任务；C. guideline方针；D. journal期刊。根据后文“I had given her.”可知，作者布置给女孩的任务。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下午四点，她来到我的教室，筋疲力尽，但准备开始学习。A. excited兴奋的；B. bored无聊的；C. exhausted疲劳的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文“During the one-hour ____4___ , she studied for her regular classes and finished the English ____5____ I had given her.”可知，女孩经过了一小时的车程，又完成了作者布置的任务，当到达作者办公室的时候，她是疲劳的。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在女孩家简陋的小房子里见到她的家人时，我意识到他们永远无法负担美国大学的费用。A. humble简陋的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. ugly丑陋的；D. untidy不整洁的。根据上文“little house”和后文“I realized they would never be able to afford the expenses of a US university.”可知，女孩和家人住在简陋的小房子中。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hani的热情随着她的语言能力而增强，但我却越来越气馁。A. decreasing减少；B. increasing增加；C. showing展示；D. fading褪色。根据后文的“with her language ability”可知，女孩的热情随着她的语言能力而增强。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我收到了美国一所重点大学的奖学金通知。A.promotion晋升，提拔；B. growth成长；C. scholarship奖学金；D. investment投资。根据后文“I told her that there was only a ____10____ chance of her getting the scholarship and encouraged her to be more “realistic” about her dream.”可知，作者收到了美国一所重点大学的奖学金通知。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，她获得奖学金的机会非常渺茫，并鼓励她对自己的梦想要“现实一点”。A. fair公平的；B. solid坚固的；C. slim苗条的，渺小的 ；D. real真的。根据后文的“encouraged her to be more ‘realistic’ about her dream.”可知，作者知道Hani获得奖学金的机会是渺茫的。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她仍然很坚定。A. genuine真挚的；B. subjective主观的；C. practical实际的；D. determined坚决的，坚定的。根据“but”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，即虽然获得奖学金的机会非常渺茫，但是她依旧坚持。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法拒绝她。A. put放；B. take拿走；C. break打破；D. turn转向。根据后文“I completed the application, with the painful truth about her academic life”可知，作者没有拒绝Hani的请求，把她的名字提交了上去。turn down为固定短语，意为“拒绝”。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完成了申请，介绍了她学习生活的困难真相，但也对她的勇气和毅力表示了赞扬。A. concern关心；B. praise赞扬；C. criticism批评；D. analysis分析。根据“her courage and perseverance.”可知，作者在填写表格时，对Hani在学习生活中遇到的困难真相进行了描述同时也对她的勇气和毅力进行了赞扬。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被录取了。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. rejected拒绝；C. confirmed证实；D. accepted接受。根据后文“I leaped around the room, overjoyed and shocked.”可知，Hani被录取了。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：带来成功的不仅仅是智力，还有对成功的渴望、努力工作的承诺和相信自己的勇气。A. drive渴望，动力；B. wisdom智慧；C. pressure压力；D. secret秘密。根据前文“not intelligence alone that brings success,”并结合Hani对成功的渴望可知，此处表示不仅仅是智力，还有对成功的渴望、努力工作的承诺和相信自己的勇气这才能带来成功。故选A。
第二节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，在答题卡上写出空缺处单词的正确形式，每空一词。
56. I am g______ to my parents for supporting and encouraging me.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】gratefulrateful
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我很感激我的父母对我的支持和鼓励。根据首字母提示和句意可知，形容词grateful“感激的”符合题意，作表语，be grateful to“感激……”。故填grateful。
57. It’s generally acknowledged that fresh vegetables are b______ to our health(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】beneficial eneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为新鲜蔬菜对我们的健康有益。根据上文“fresh vegetables(新鲜的蔬菜)”以及下文“our health(我们的健康)”可知，空白处应填表示“有益的”含义的形容词，根据首字母提示可知，应用形容词beneficial，作表语。故填beneficial。
58. The school attaches great s______ to education on traditional Chinese culture. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】significanceignificance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这所学校非常重视中国传统文化教育。根据上文“attaches(认为……重要)”以及下文“education on traditional Chinese culture(中国传统文化教育)”可知此处上下文说的是重视中国传统文化教育。分析句子结构，attach significance to为固定搭配，含义为“重视……”，符合语境，故填significance。
59. To sum up, it is important to make sure that everyone has a______ to the Internet. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】access ccess
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：总之，确保每个人都能访问互联网是很重要的。根据下文“the Internet(网络)”可知此处上下文说的是“上网”含义。分析句子结构，have access to为固定句型，含义为“得以使用……”，符合语境，故填access。
60. Our school offers a wide r______ of places to choose from for the summer holidays(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】range ange
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们学校暑假有很多地方可供选择。根据下文“to choose from for the summer holidays(暑假可供选择)”可知，上文说的是有许多地方。分析句子结构，a wide range of为固定短语，含义为“一系列的；许多的”，符合语境，故填range。
61. I will ______(代表)our school to attend the basketball match. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】represent
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我将代表我们学校参加篮球比赛。根据汉语提示，表示“代表”含义的词为represent，分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因空白处前面有助动词will可知句子使用了一般将来时，空白处只需填动词原形，故填represent。
62. Much to my ______(满意), everything is going on quite smoothly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】satisfaction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我非常满意的是，一切都进行得相当顺利。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的形容词性物主代词my可知空白处应填名词，根据汉语提示，表示“满意”含义的名词为satisfaction，故填satisfaction。
63. The audience were clapping for 11 minutes after the ______(表演). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】performance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：演出结束后，观众鼓掌11分钟。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，根据汉语提示，表示“表演”含义的名词为performance，故填performance。
64. As time went by, I ______(逐渐地) adapted myself to the new life in senior high school. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】gradually
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了高中的新生活。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词gradually，修饰动词adapted，作状语。故填gradually。
65. Sometime in elementary school I developed an interest in science, and physics in ______(尤其). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】particular
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在小学的某个时候，我对科学产生了兴趣，尤其是物理。in particular尤其，特别。根据汉语提示及句意，故填particular。
第三节 语法填空(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
阅读下面的句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。
66. The purpose of exercising is ________(avoid) illness and reduce mental tiredness. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to avoid
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：锻炼的目的是避免生病和减少精神上的疲劳。purpose作主语时后常跟动词不定式作表语。故填to avoid
67. The number of people ______ (apply) for the position is said to have reached over 500. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】applying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说申请这个职位的人数已经超过了500人。分析句子结构可知apply与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填applying。
68. So far, large amounts of money ______ (donate) to charity for the rescue work in Turkey. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been donated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经为土耳其的救援工作向慈善机构捐赠了大量资金。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语So far可知，空白处应使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语money有large amounts of修饰，助动词用have。故填have been donated。
69. We should take ______ account students’ suggestion that the school library provide more books on popular science. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】into
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们应该考虑学生们的建议，即学校图书馆提供更多的科普书籍。分析句子结构，take sth into account为固定短语，含义为“把……考虑在内”，符合语境，故填into。
70. In Thailand and other parts of Southeast Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with palms ________(press) together. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】pressed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在泰国和东南亚其他地区，正常的问候就是双手合十，轻微鞠一下躬。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾补，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语palms 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需使用过去分词，故填pressed。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
71. 假定你是英语版学生编辑李华，校学生会将举行送你一朵花“A Flower for You”活动，请你写一则倡议，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.呼吁参加。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Union
【答案】范文一
Dear fellow students,
To spread joy and kindness, we plan to launch an initiative-A Flower for You.
You can give flowers to whoever you believe deserves them-a friend, a family member, a teacher, or even a stranger. Your gesture can brighten their day and remind them that they are appreciated. You may either buy a bunch of flowers or just make artificial flowers yourself. Small gesture as it is, it can make a difference to the person who receives your heartfelt gift. Come and join us!
Let’s make the world a little bit brighter with flowers!
The Student Union
范文二
Dear fellow students,
To make the world a place full of love, compassion and appreciation, the activity “A Flower for You” launched by the Students Union is to kick off. We strongly look to have you with us in this heartwarming spring.
Running throughout next week, the activity come in different forms. You can give the flower to yourself, who have always been devoted to your learning with committed efforts. Also, the flower can go to the less fortunate students, showing your care and help spiritually. One particular flower should be intended for our parents and teachers who have been guiding us on our growth without expecting anything in return. More creative initiatives are also welcome/expected.
Come and join us! Your participation will surely be a shining addition to the activity.
The Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的倡议书。要求考生呼吁所有学生参加校学生会举行的“送你一朵花”活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
欢乐：joy → delight/happiness
计划、打算：plan→ intend
衷心的：heartfelt → genuine/sincere
明亮的：bright→ shining
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To spread joy and kindness, we plan to launch an initiative-A Flower for You.
拓展句：Since we want to spread joy and kindness, we plan to launch an initiative-A Flower for You.
【点睛】【高分句型1】You can give flowers to whoever you believe deserves them-a friend, a family member, a teacher, or even a stranger.（运用了whoever引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Small gesture as it is, it can make a difference to the person who receives your heartfelt gift.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句和who引导的定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
72. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I sat at the breakfast table with my four-year-old son, Matthew, trying to ignore the ache in my stomach. “Mama, want to play?” “Not today, baby.” I shook my head. These days I could barely get out of bed. I was still recovering from an operation. I hoped for strength and happiness, but the future seemed so hopeless.
Suddenly, Matthew jumped up from his spot on the kitchen floor. “Bird!” he shouted, rushing to our courtyard. Sure enough, there was a white dove seated in a rubber tree (橡胶树). It sat there for a few moments, and then flew away. Strange, I’d never seen one in our neighborhood before.
When I dragged myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back. This time it was with a mate carrying sticks. “Look Matthew,” I said, pointing to the tree. “They’re going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on top of the rubber tree.
Matthew could hardly contain his excitement. Every morning, he’d run into the kitchen and take his spot by the sliding glass door (滑动玻璃门), talking to the birds while they worked. His happiness was influential. As much as I was sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visits too.
Then it all went wrong. The courtyard was a safe enough spot for a nest, but the rubber tree’s broad, thin leaves were far from stable. One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground. I heard the twigs (细枝) break apart.
I surveyed the damage. Nothing good ever lasted. I wouldn’t blame the doves if they never came back. But they returned. And they paid no attention to the pile of sticks that had once been their nest. They started again from the beginning. Again, though, the wind destroyed all their hard work. The next day, and the next, they started again, as if nothing had happened.
注意：
1.续写词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I knew I had to do something.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“It works! The birds are back!” Matthew announced.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
I knew I had to do something. The white dove and its mate had provided brightness during my dark days. Now it was time to help them in return. I cut a piece of hardware cloth, forming it into the shape of a nest and then securing the ends. I then hammered it into the wall next to the rubber tree. After I had finished all the work, there was only an hour before the doves usually made their visit. Matthew and I stood by the sliding glass door, waiting and hoping.
Paragraph 2:
“It works! The birds are back!” Matthew announced. Hearing my son’s excited voice, which was as clear as a bell, I looked up. There they were-swooping and circling near the nest, trying to add some twigs to their new home. A few weeks later, three babies broke free from their shells. “Chirp, chirp,” Matthew sang. I held him in my arms and kissed him, enjoying the happiness of the moment. Looking at their flittering shadows and hearing them chirp, I felt the dim grayness within my heart disappeared, replaced by the strength of life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展顺序为线索展开，讲述了作者的儿子Matthew每天都看到一些鸽子来到自己家的院子里。一天夜里，刮起了一阵大风，把筑在树上的鸽巢掀到地上。作者以为鸽子们再也不回来，但它们又回来了，并且又在树上筑巢。尽管大风又一次摧毁了它们所有的辛勤工作，但是它们继续努力。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我知道我必须做点什么。”可知，第一段可描写作者帮助鸽子们，在橡胶树旁边的墙上钉了一个架子，并用树叶覆盖，使它看起来像一棵树，等待鸽子们的到来。
②由第二段首句内容“起作用了!鸟儿又回来了!’马修宣布。”可知，第二段可描写鸽子们回来后的情况。鸽子在架子上筑巢、孵蛋。这让作者意识到生活充满了无法想象的奇迹和惊喜。
2.续写线索：作者决定帮助鸽子——在墙上钉架子——满怀希望地等待——鸽子回来在架子上筑巢——小鸽子孵出——作者感到生活充满奇迹和惊喜
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help /do sb. a favor/give sb. a had
②完成：complete/finish/accomplish
③提供：provide / offer/supply
情绪类
①兴奋的：excited/thrilled
②开心：happiness/delight
【点睛】[高分句型1]I cut a piece of hardware cloth, forming it into the shape of a nest and then securing the ends.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]After I had finished all the work, there was only an hour before the doves usually made their visit.（运用了after和before引导的时间状语从句）
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