2023届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三模拟试卷（三）英语试题（含解析）

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2023届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三模拟试卷（三）英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、短对话
1．Who is the man?
A．The woman’s neighbor. B．The woman’s brother. C．A salesman.
2．What happened to the man?
A．He couldn’t stop the car.
B．He was driving carelessly.
C．He was stopped by a policeman.
3．What will the woman do next?
A．Feed the pets. B．Get dressed. C．Call a taxi.
4．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．At home. B．On the express way. C．In the car.
5．How does the woman feel now?
A．Nervous. B．Excited. C．Tired.

二、长对话
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What does the woman think of chemistry?
A．Useful. B．Interesting. C．Easy.
7．What is the man probably going to study?
A．Marketing. B．Accounting. C．Chemistry.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Why didn’t the woman go to the show?
A．She didn’t like it. B．She had other tasks. C．She watched it online.
9．What attracted the man most?
A．The actors’ costumes. B．The actors’ singing. C．The actors’ moves.
10．How did the woman feel at the end of the conversation?
A．Excited. B．Regretful. C．Curious.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．What is The Wandering Earth mainly about?
A．Engine building. B．Star exploring. C．Earth escaping.
12．What makes The Wandering Earth stand out according to the man?
A．The intense action scenes.
B．The visual effects it employs.
C．The emotional impact on the audience.
13．How does the man like the movie?
A．Boring. B．Unmissable. C．Disappointing.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．What is the purpose of the school project?
A．To renew a local park. B．To learn about gardening. C．To study the local community.
15．Why does the man think the project is important to the community?
A．It makes a profit. B．It entertains the tourists. C．It benefits the neighborhood.
16．What do the local businesses plan to do for the school project?
A．They will reward the students.
B．They will provide manpower.
C．They will donate materials.


三、短文
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．When is the talk probably taking place?
A．In the late spring. B．In mid-summer. C．In the early winter.
18．What does the speaker think will happen?
A．Decrease of tourists. B．Recovery of the country. C．Slowdown in economic growth.
19．Who is likely the speaker?
A．A tour guide. B．A hotel owner. C．A government leader.
20．What is the most important for tourism businesses according to the speaker?
A．Hiring new workers. B．Increasing borrowing. C．Raising investment in advertising.


四、阅读理解
Explore Scenic Train Journeys
The four most scenic train journeys provide not only beautiful sceneries at destination cities, but also charming views outside the trains’ windows on the way.
Route 1: Xining to Lhasa
Length: around 1,900 km
Duration: 22 hours
This train route is the longest high altitude train trip in the world—named as the way to the sky. Most of this route is over 4,000 meters and it goes above 5,000 meters several times. After the train has left Xining Railway Station for about an hour, you can see the boundless lake—Qinghai Lake.
Route 2: Lhasa to Rikaze
Length: around 250 km
Duration: 2.5 hours
This railway has an average high altitude of above 3,600 meters. It makes Tibet travel more convenient for travelers, especially those who want to see Mount Qomolangma. Along the railway line, you can see local farmers and yaks (牦牛). And most of the time, you can appreciate a plateau (高原) landscape of mountains and meadows.
Route 3: Chengdu to Kunming
Length: around 1,100 km
Duration: 6 hours (high-speed train)
From Chengdu’s plains area, with an altitude of about 400 meters, the train goes up to altitudes of about 2,000 meters, traveling through tunnels and across mountains. The complex geography along the railway line gives this route the name of Geological Museum.
Route 4: Beijing to Shanghai
Length: around 1,300 km
Duration: 5.5 hours
Beijing and Shanghai are two of the most popular cities for foreign travelers who come to China for the first time. It is a trip that combines some of China’s main urban landscapes with cultivated countryside scenery and mountains in between. The new and modern facilities on the train ensure you have a comfortable journey.
21．Which route takes the least time?
A．Lhasa to Rikaze. B．Chengdu to Kunming.
C．Xining to Lhasa. D．Beijing to Shanghai.
22．What makes Route 3 special?
A．Its convenience for travelers. B．Its wide popularity among foreigners.
C．Its complicated geography along the route. D．Its new and modern facilities on the train.
23．What do the four routes have in common?
A．Travelers can experience high altitude train trips.
B．Travelers can witness a plateau view and some yaks.
C．Travelers can appreciate the scenery of Qinghai Lake.
D．Travelers can admire beautiful views from the train windows.

Twenty-four trains, nine countries, 13,500 miles. They are the numbers behind the heroic round trip one man took from Southampton in the UK to eastern China.
Roger Tyers, 37, used over $2,500, which was almost twice more than the cost of a return flight, to travel to the Chinese port city Ningbo for academic research in May, 2019. The man spent a month on board 15 trains during the first leg of his round trip. It was the climate crisis, not a love of trains, that drove the sociologist to choose this complicated route over a return flight. He stopped flying when UN climate experts warned that the world had less than 11 years to avoid terrible levels of global warming. Tyers calculated that his train journey to China produced almost 90% less emissions than a return flight.
Tyers is not the only person to avoid air travel in response to climate change. Thousands of people worldwide have publicly promised to stop flying. Activist Maja Rosen launched the “Flight Free” campaign in Sweden with the goal of encouraging 100,000 people not to fly for one year. Although only around 14,000 people signed the online “# flightfree2019” pledge (保证), Rosen, who stopped flying 12 years ago, says that the campaign has made more people worry about the climate crisis and aware of harm of travel by air and motivated them to try new ways of travelling.
According to a survey released in May 2019 by Swedish Railways, 37% of respondents chose to travel by train instead of by plane where possible, compared to 20% at the start of 2018. A spokesperson said: “Rail travel has been boosted due to the worries.” Domestic passenger numbers in July fell by 12% compared to the previous year, according to Swedavia, a company which operates Sweden’s 10 busiest airports.
“The collective pledge helps fight the sense of hopelessness many people feel when it comes to tackling climate change,” Rosen said. “One of the problems is that people feel there’s no point in what you do as an individual. The campaign is about making people aware that if we do this together, we can actually bring changes.”
24．Why did Roger Tyers travel to China by train?
A．He was terrified of traveling by plane. B．He had a preference for railway tours.
C．He tried to be environmentally friendly. D．He was advised to protect the environment.
25．What’s the function of the statistics in paragraph 4?
A．To prove the advantage of rail travel. B．To show the impact of the campaign.
C．To introduce new ways of travelling. D．To state current problems with tourism.
26．What do we know about the “Flight Free” campaign?
A．It fueled the development of tourism.
B．It aimed to warn of the danger of flying.
C．It achieved great success all over the world.
D．It inspired people’s confidence to make a difference.
27．In which section of a newspaper may this text be found?
A．Travel. B．Environment. C．Education. D．Lifestyle.

Across the gardens of Britain, people are building sheds (工棚). People have gone crazy about sheds. The Timber Trade Federation reports that in October, the last month for which statistics were available, imports of softwood were 34% higher than a year earlier. With stocks (库存) running low, what wood is available is quickly sold out.
A garden shed used to be mostly a place to store tools, or a place to discuss how to grow flowers and enjoy tea and snacks while the rain falls outside, according to Michael Rand, an expert gardener. But the creative brain-worker has long put it to more productive use. Roald Dahl and Dylan Thomas wrote in sheds. George Bernard Shaw had one in his Hertfordshire garden that faced the sun.
Besides growing flowers, the sheds now being built are also often intended for work. However, they are grander than the ones those pioneer shed-writers used. Green Retreats, which mostly builds garden offices, says that overall sales on building sheds grew by 113% between 2019 and 2020. Larger and fancier structures are especially popular.
This has an important impact on cities. Urban scholars like Richard Florida and Edward Glaeser are busy trying to work out whether the rise in home-working that has occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic will continue when the virus declines. If it does, many service jobs in cities, from waiters to taxi drivers, will disappear. Public transport systems will struggle. The value of city-centre housing will drop. The shed boom makes that outcome more likely.
A white-collar worker who has tried to work from the kitchen table for the past nine months might be keen to return to the office. A worker who has a beautiful garden shed with Wi-Fi will not hope so. Joel Bird, who builds personalized sheds, is certain that his customers expect a long-term change in their working habits. “They don’t consider home-working to be temporary,” he says. “They’re spending too much money on sheds.”
28．Why did Britain buy more softwood from other countries?
A．Softwood was cheaper this year.
B．Demands for sheds were on the rise.
C．Softwood suppliers were fewer than before.
D．Britons stored softwood like crazy due to COVID-19.
29．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Previous shed-writers. B．Various functions of sheds.
C．Improvements on shed-building. D．The development of shed-offices.
30．What can we infer from the text?
A．The shed boom might threaten economy in cities.
B．Workers are eager to return to work in their offices.
C．More people prefer gardening in their beautiful sheds.
D．People’s working habits remain the same after COVID-19.
31．What is Joel Bird’s attitude to returning to work in office after COVID-19?
A．Unclear. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Pessimistic.

Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.
A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle, while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process.
The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting any errors.
The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder (圆柱) made of foam and a small cylinder made of the cement mixture. The tasks were not simple due to the difficulty in ensuring maximum stability. Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours — the cylinders were built to be within 5 mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standard.
While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac believes their primary use will initially be in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.
32．What is the design of Dr Kovac’s team based on?
A．Bees building hives while flying. B．Bees flying in a flexible way.
C．Bees growing bigger than the hive. D．Bees working together as a team.
33．What is the function of the builders in the building process?
A．Correcting any errors. B．Spraying construction material.
C．Carrying the scanning camera. D．Monitoring the building process.
34．What does “made it with flying colours” underlined in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Lost balance in the sky. B．Passed the test excellently.
C．Stopped the work halfway. D．Made the cylinders colourful.
35．What might the flying robots first be used to do according to Dr Kovac?
A．Manufacture products. B．Construct buildings.
C．Repair damage in risky places. D．Monitor air pollution in the sky.


五、七选五
Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast. 36 Is it really that important? In a sense, it really matters.
Energy restoration
The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast” — the idea of ending the period in which we didn’t eat during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies. 37 So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.
Weight management
There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to link a state of obesity with skipping breakfast. 38 In a US study, 50,000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy breakfast were found to have a lower BMI, which seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.
Better brain function
39 Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the researchers says there is reasonable evidence that breakfast does improve concentration.
What’s most important is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing food cravings and consumption later in the day. However, studies found that there is no agreement on what type of breakfast is healthier. 40
A．Breakfast helps us refill the exhausted stores.
B．This feast is necessarily gives us a new start.
C．Weight-loss is likely to cause them health problems.
D．Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight.
E．Thus, it is suggested that a healthy breakfast can regulate and lose weight.
F．Many people are recommended to manage their weight by skipping meals.
G．Breakfast types don’t matter as much as simply eating something.


六、完形填空
My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. But after having cancer, I 41 to be around some life. When my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant in a bowl, I told Hannah I would 42 the plant myself.
When it didn’t immediately turn brown or lose all of its leaves, I was pleasantly 43 . Over the next few months, I recovered from surgery and completed the first round of 44 . It nearly doubled in height and its leaves were 45 and thick. Both the bamboo and I were thriving (苗壮成长).
Then, surprisingly, it began to show 46 of illness. Whatever I did, the leaves kept 47 and dropping. I grew increasingly frustrated and 48 . Once I even yelled, “I can’t even care for a simple plant! I’m failing!” Suddenly, it dawned on me that I had 49 associated my devoted care of the plant — something over which I had some control — with my own 50 — something over which I had little control.
If my tumor (肿瘤) returned, it would not be because of any 51 on my part.
As my anxiety decreased, I began to research how to 52 the plant. And we both began to thrive again. Whenever I look at the 53 , I think of Mitch and all the people who have supported me. If the plant 54 me, I hope it will comfort Hannah and remind her that our large community will continue to 55 her after I am gone.
41．A．declined B．longed C．hesitated D．agreed
42．A．play with B．count on C．keep off D．tend to
43．A．disappointed B．anxious C．surprised D．frightened
44．A．treatment B．competitions C．application D．talks
45．A．dead B．shiny C．colorful D．dry
46．A．expectations B．history C．indications D．relief
47．A．browning B．recovering C．thickening D．trembling
48．A．curious B．unwilling C．thrilled D．uneasy
49．A．unluckily B．wrongly C．immediately D．hardly
50．A．adventure B．excellence C．survival D．judgment
51．A．failure B．conflict C．threat D．crisis
52．A．cure B．remove C．feed D．adopt
53．A．cancer B．mirror C．root D．plant
54．A．abandons B．outlives C．disappoints D．outperforms
55．A．forgive B．warn C．assist D．tolerate


七、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the mountainous state of Meghalaya in India lives a fascinating phenomenon—living bridges by the Khasi people. The bridges over rivers are 56 (certain) essential for the local people, for they allow people 57 (live) in these remote areas to travel to different areas. 58 the bridges, access to essential services, medical treatment and school education would be extremely difficult.
Building roads in these regions is not possible. This is due to the terrain (地形) being mountainous, with dense jungles and 59 (waterfall) making any kind of permanent road structures impossible. This is where creating living bridges, using the natural resources of the area, is the most practical option. The bridges are made from the aerial roots of living banyan trees, which 60 (bend) into shape. Unlike conventional bridges, the Indian living bridges grow 61 (strong) with time than before. These bridges only allow 15 to 20 people to cross a day when first 62 (construct). After many years, the roots have strengthened, and can hold upwards of 50 people in one day. Some bridges are estimated to be more than 500 years old.
The Khasi people have a practical outlook and have created 63 unique, sustainable and eco-friendly culture. Inheriting (继承) a culture deeply 64 (root) in the environment, the people have developed the best living architecture 65 is found nowhere else in terms of its application and philosophy.


八、其他应用文
66．假定你是校英文报的学生主编李华，本学期该报开设了专栏“My school, I have something to say to you”，向全校高三学生征集稿件。请你写一封征稿函，内容包括：
1. 稿件要求;
2. 投稿方式;
3. 录用奖励。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellows,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Editorial Section
May 5th, 2023

九、读后续写
67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Broken seashells
It was the summer in mid-July at the Jersey shore. My four-year-old son Will and I just loved heading off to the beach just before dinner when the rest of the vacationers seemed to be leaving for the day. The sun was still hot then and shining brightly.
Bucket in hand, we’d hit the sand and start our adventure. Will would run so quickly to the edge of the water and be soaked before I got there, laughing as the waves crashed and nearly knocked him down. We usually walked along the edge of the water, looking for seashells to fill our red sandcastle-shaped bucket. Some days, the bucket was full, and other days just a few shells made it into the bucket.
On this particular day, there didn’t seem to be too many shells washed up on the shore. Will began picking up whatever shells he saw lying in the sand. After a while, I peered into the bucket and saw nothing but broken shells. “Will, all of these shells are broken and no good. You need to find shells like this,” I explained, as I held up a perfectly shaped clamshell. Will gave me a puzzled look and continued on his way, gathering whatever shells he came across and dropping them into the bucket.
I continued my search for some time, and then stopped to watch him drop more broken shells into the bucket. Again, I stopped, but this time I asked in a stricter voice, “Will, why do you insist on filling our bucket with shells that are broken?” He looked up at me through his glasses with his big blue eyes and replied, “Mom, there are way more shells on the beach that are broken than perfect ones that you are searching for. We’ll get the bucket filled faster with the broken ones.” True, I thought, but who wants a bucketful of broken shells? Will stared at me as if he knew what I was thinking. “Mom, these shells are broken, but they are still beautiful,” he explained.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He began pulling the shells from the bucket and commenting on their uniqueness.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Back home, I decided to preserve the moment of realization with Will.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．A
【原文】M: Do you need help with those bags?
W: Well, thank you! But my brother will be here soon.
M: It’s no problem, really. I can help you until he gets here. Neighbors should be helping each other, right?
2．B
【原文】W: There is a man passing the zebra crossing. You should have stopped the car!
M: Sorry. I didn’t see him.
W: I told you not to be so careless. You would get caught by the police!
3．A
【原文】M: Are you ready to go?
W: Yeah, I’m all dressed. You can call a taxi now. I just need to feed the cats before we go. We’ll be back late, and I don’t want to leave them hungry.
4．C
【原文】M: Oh! Another foggy day! The radio says that the visibility is within only 20 meters.
W: So, what are we going to do now? The express way must have been closed because of it.
M: I see, we should probably find another way home. Let me get the map.
5．C
【原文】M: How did your interview go today?
W: I was so nervous! But anyway, I got the job offer. What a relief!
M: Congratulations! Care for a drink now?
W: I am sorry, the preparation cost me the whole night. I miss my bed now. Let’s make it another day.
6．B 7．A

【原文】W: Hi, Mark! It’s been a long time!
M: Hi, Clair! Yes, pretty long. How have you been recently?
W: I am doing well! Just preparing for my exams.
M: You still want to major in chemistry for graduate school, don’t you?
W: I do. I am always interested in it, but my parents want me to follow their career path, you know, medicine!
M: A medical school? That’s not easy!
W: I know! But I believe it’ more useful! How about you? Are you still sticking to accounting?
M: I am afraid not. I want to explore more fields, like marketing.
8．B 9．C 10．B

【原文】M: Did you watch the Peking opera show in the students’ hall yesterday?
W: I wanted to, but I was helping my teacher with some data jobs.
M: You really should have been there. The actors’ singing and costumes are amazing! And what struck me most is that almost every move was performed exactly on the rhythm of the live band.
W: Wow! They must have practiced a lot together. Are there any replays available online?
M: You may find some clips on the web, but watching it live is a totally different thing from what it is like on the screen.
W: How I wish I had been there. What a huge loss!
11．C 12．C 13．B

【原文】M: Hey, Vicky! Have you seen The Wandering Earth?
W: No, what’s that?
M: It’s a Chinese sci-fi film. It’s about the Earth trying to escape the dying Sun by using massive engines to move it to a new star system.
W: Wow, that sounds like an incredible story.
M: Yeah, it was. The visuals were amazing and the action scenes were intense. But the real standout was the emotions it brought us. You really feel for the characters and their struggles to save humanity.
W: That’s great. I love movies that can combine a good story with great visuals and make you feel something.
M: Definitely. The film also touches on themes like sacrifice, humanity, and what it means to be a family. It’s a must-watch for fans of sci-fi and action films.
W: Thanks for the recommendation. I’ll definitely check it out.
14．A 15．C 16．C

【原文】M: Good morning, Rebecca! Did you hear about the new school project we’re starting next week?
W: No, I haven’t. What’s it about?
M: It’s a community service project where we’re going to help restore a local park. We’ll be planting flowers, painting benches, and cleaning up the playground.
W: That sounds great! I love doing community service and helping out in my local community.
M: Me too! I think it’s important for us to give back and make a positive impact on our neighborhood. Plus, it’s going to be a fun and rewarding experience for us.
W: Definitely. I heard that some of the local businesses are also going to donate supplies and food for us.
M: Yeah, it’s great to see the community coming together for a good cause.
17．A 18．B 19．C 20．B

【原文】     The last few years have been difficult for our country’s tourism industry. Not just here in Spain, but in the entire world. We missed an increase in our economy during Christmas and New Year’s several months ago. And currently, we are not even close to our regular travel rates during the spring. That’s why we’re starting our travel program now to prepare ourselves for the summer months coming soon.
     I’ve talked to many workers in tourism. Hotel owners, bar servers, tour guides, and all else in this industry have suffered. But now, most of the world is opening again for travel. Soon, not only do I expect tourism in our country to increase heavily, but I believe this will help our country to recover fully!
     So, along with other top government leaders in my group, we plan to offer practical assistance for tourism businesses. We’ll spend more money on advertising for Spanish tourism around Europe. And we are also considering increasing borrowing for businesses, which is the most important thing. Hopefully, companies can clean and fix their places while hiring staff before the summer tourist season. Before COVID-19, Spain was one of the world’s most visited countries. With our plans, we’ll return to this previous success!
21．A 22．C 23．D

【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了四条风景最优美的火车之旅。
21．细节理解题。从每段旅程的“Duration”中可知，Route 1: Xining to Lhasa需22小时，Route 2: Lhasa to Rikaze需2.5小时，Route 3: Chengdu to Kunming需6小时，Route 4: Beijing to Shanghai需5.5小时。所以Route 2: Lhasa to Rikaze所需的时间是最少的。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据小标题Route 3: Chengdu to Kunming下的段落中“From Chengdu’s plains area, with an altitude of about 400 meters, the train goes up to altitudes of about 2,000 meters, traveling through tunnels and across mountains. The complex geography along the railway line gives this route the name of Geological Museum.(从海拔约400米的成都平原地区出发，列车将上升到海拔约2000米的地方，穿过隧道和山脉。铁路沿线复杂的地理环境使这条线路被称为地质博物馆)”可知，这条铁路线沿线地形复杂，被称为“地质博物馆”。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The four most scenic train journeys provide not only beautiful sceneries at destination cities, but also charming views outside the trains’ windows on the way.(这四条风景最优美的火车之旅不仅提供了目的地城市的美景，还提供了沿途车窗外迷人的景色)”可知，旅客们在这四条铁路线上都可以欣赏到窗外美丽的风景。故选D项。
24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述罗杰·泰尔通过不乘坐飞机出行，以及马娅·罗森举行“不飞行”的活动来应对气候变化。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was the climate crisis, not a love of trains, that drove the sociologist to choose this complicated route over a return flight.(是气候危机，而不是对火车的热爱，驱使这位社会学家选择了这条复杂的路线，而不是回程航班)”可知，驱使Roger Tyers选择这条复杂的路线，而不是乘坐飞机往返，不是因为他对火车的热爱，而是因为气候危机。可推知，Roger Tyers乘坐火车来中国是为了尽量保护环境。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Although only around 14,000 people signed the online “# flightfree2019” pledge (保证), Rosen, who stopped flying 12 years ago, says that the campaign has made more people worry about the climate crisis and aware of harm of travel by air and motivated them to try new ways of travelling.(虽然只有大约1.4万人在网上签署了“2019年无飞机”的承诺，但12年前停止飞行的罗森表示，这场运动让更多人担心气候危机，意识到乘飞机旅行的危害，并激励他们尝试新的旅行方式)”以及第四段“According to a survey released in May 2019 by Swedish Railways, 37% of respondents chose to travel by train instead of by plane where possible, compared to 20% at the start of 2018. A spokesperson said: “Rail travel has been boosted due to the worries.” Domestic passenger numbers in July fell by 12% compared to the previous year, according to Swedavia, a company which operates Sweden’s 10 busiest airports.(根据瑞典铁路公司2019年5月发布的一项调查，37%的受访者选择尽可能乘坐火车而不是飞机旅行，而2018年初这一比例为20%。一位发言人表示:“由于人们的担忧，铁路旅行得到了提振。”根据运营瑞典10个最繁忙机场的公司Swedavia的数据，七月份的国内乘客数量与去年相比下降了12%)”可知，第四段举出调查数据是为了支撑第三段最后一句的观点：这项运动使更多的人担忧气候危机，了解乘飞机旅行的危害，促使人们尝试新的旅行方式。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““The collective pledge helps fight the sense of hopelessness many people feel when it comes to tackling climate change,” Rosen said. “One of the problems is that people feel there’s no point in what you do as an individual. The campaign is about making people aware that if we do this together, we can actually bring changes.”(罗森说:“集体承诺有助于消除许多人在应对气候变化时感到的绝望感。”“其中一个问题是，人们觉得你作为一个个体所做的事情没有意义。这场运动是为了让人们意识到，如果我们一起做这件事，我们实际上可以带来改变。”)”可知，“Flight Free”运动帮助人们树立信心——共同努力可以改变现状。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was the climate crisis, not a love of trains, that drove the sociologist to choose this complicated route over a return flight.(是气候危机，而不是对火车的热爱，驱使这位社会学家选择了这条复杂的路线，而不是回程航班)”以及第三段“Tyers is not the only person to avoid air travel in response to climate change. Thousands of people worldwide have publicly promised to stop flying. Activist Maja Rosen launched the “Flight Free” campaign in Sweden with the goal of encouraging 100,000 people not to fly for one year.(泰尔斯并不是唯一一个为了应对气候变化而避免乘坐飞机的人。全球数千人公开承诺不再乘坐飞机。活动人士玛雅·罗森在瑞典发起了“无飞行”运动，目标是鼓励10万人一年不坐飞机)”可知，文章主题是改变旅行方式，应对环境问题——气候危机。由此推知，本文最有可能出自报纸的“环境”版块。故选B。
28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了如今英国流行的在自家的花园棚屋办公的现象。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Across the gardens of Britain, people are building sheds (工棚). People have gone crazy about sheds. The Timber Trade Federation reports that in October, the last month for which statistics were available, imports of softwood were 34% higher than a year earlier.(在英国的花园中，人们正在建造棚屋。人们为棚屋而疯狂。木材贸易联合会(The Timber Trade Federation)报告称，10月份，也就是可获得统计数据的最后一个月，软木进口量比去年同期增长了34%)”可知，英国人“疯狂地”在花园里搭建棚屋，所以对softwood的需求在增加。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides growing flowers, the sheds now being built are also often intended for work. However, they are grander than the ones those pioneer shed-writers used. Green Retreats, which mostly builds garden offices, says that overall sales on building sheds grew by 113% between 2019 and 2020. Larger and fancier structures are especially popular.(除了种植花卉，现在正在建造的棚屋也经常用于工作。然而，它们比那些先驱棚户作家使用的更宏伟。主要建造花园办公室的Green Retreats表示，在2019年至2020年期间，建造棚屋的总销售额增长了113%。更大、更华丽的建筑尤其受欢迎)”可知，作者主要介绍的是现在的棚屋在建设上的提升。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If it does, many service jobs in cities, from waiters to taxi drivers, will disappear. Public transport systems will struggle. The value of city-centre housing will drop. The shed boom makes that outcome more likely.(如果是这样的话，城市里从服务员到出租车司机等许多服务性工作将会消失。公共交通系统将举步维艰。市中心房屋的价值将会下降。棚户区的繁荣使这种结果更有可能出现)”可知，棚屋的兴起可能会对城市的经济带来一定的威胁。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Joel Bird, who builds personalized sheds, is certain that his customers expect a long-term change in their working habits. “They don’t consider home-working to be temporary,” he says. “They’re spending too much money on sheds.”(建造个性化棚屋的乔尔·伯德(Joel Bird)确信，他的客户希望长期改变他们的工作习惯。“他们不认为在家工作是暂时的，”他说。“他们在棚屋上花了太多钱。”)”可推知，他对疫情后回归办公室工作是不看好的。故选D。
32．A 33．B 34．B 35．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受到蜜蜂飞行建筑团队的启发，Kovac博士开发了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法，消除了以往3D打印机因喷嘴喷射范围有限，只能制造比自身小的物体的局限。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.（蜜蜂已经进化成熟的飞行建筑师。工蜂组队完成一个最终是它们体积数倍大的复杂蜂房。正是这些昆虫建筑团队启发了伦敦帝国理工学院的机器人专家Mirko Kovac，他开发了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法。）”可知，Kovac博士团队的设计立足于蜜蜂在飞行时建造蜂房。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path.（首先，建筑师在它的操作区域上空盘旋，当沿着它的飞行路径巧妙地移动时，它开始释放建筑材料的射流。）”可知，这款3D打印机中建造师的功能是喷射建筑材料。故选B项。
34．短语猜测题。根据第四段中“Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours — the cylinders were built to be within 5 mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standard.（Kovac博士的机器人……——这些圆柱体建造得和计划结构的宽度和高度都保持误差在5毫米以内，符合英国建筑标准。）”可知，最终的成品是符合标准的，因此机器人应该是成功达到了预期的目标。由此推知，made it with flying colours意为“成功做到了”，与B项Passed the test excellently“出色地通过了测试”意思一致。故选B项。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac believes their primary use will initially be in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or inaccessible places.（虽然这些机器人已被证明具有制造能力，但Kovac博士认为，它们最初的主要用途将是修理。飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，这使得它们非常适合在危险或难以接近的地方修理东西。）”可知，Kovac博士认为飞行机器人将首先用于在危险的地方修理东西。故选C项。
36．B 37．A 38．E 39．D 40．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了早餐的作用。
36．上文“Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast. (你是否听过有人说，“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”，或者给你建议为什么以健康的早餐开始新的一天是至关重要的。)”提出有人说早餐的重要性，B项“This feast is necessarily gives us a new start.(这场“盛宴”必然给了我们一个新的开始。)”承接上文，继续强调早餐的作用，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
37．上文“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies.(在我们睡觉时进行的再生过程会消耗一些我们的天然食物储备来治愈我们的身体。)”提出晚上睡觉会消耗身体中的食物储备，A项“Breakfast helps us refill the exhausted stores.(早餐帮助我们补充耗尽的储备。)”承接上文，说明早餐可以补充消耗的储备，照应主题“Energy restoration”。故选A项。
38．上文“There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to link a state of obesity with skipping breakfast.(还有许多经常被引用的研究似乎将肥胖状态与不吃早餐联系起来。)”提出关于肥胖与早餐的研究，E项“Thus, it is suggested that a healthy breakfast can regulate and lose weight.(因此，表明健康的早餐可以调节体重和减肥。)”给出研究的结论：健康的早餐可以调节体重和减肥。上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
39．第三段中介绍了健康的早餐可以调节体重和减肥，设空句下文“Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language.(早餐还能改善大脑功能，包括注意力和语言能力。)”提出新的功能：改善大脑功能。D项“Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight.(研究发现，早餐影响的不仅仅是体重。)”承上启下，句中“more than just weight”照应第三段内容。故选D项。
40．上文“However, studies found that there is no agreement on what type of breakfast is healthier.(然而，研究发现，对于哪种类型的早餐更健康，人们并没有一致的看法。)”提出对于早餐类型没有确定的说法，G项“Breakfast types don’t matter as much as simply eating something.(早餐的种类并不重要，重要的是吃点东西。)”承接上文，说明早餐类型并不重要，但是一定要吃早餐，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。

41．B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．B 46．C 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在患病之后照顾一株绿植的心理历程。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在患了癌症之后，我渴望周围有一些活的生命。A. declined婉拒；B. longed渴望；C. hesitated犹豫；D. agreed同意。根据下文“When my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant in a bowl, I told Hannah I would ___2___ the plant myself.”可知，作者是渴望自己的身边有活的生命。故选B。
42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我的朋友Mitch送给我一盆幸运的竹子时，我告诉Hannah我会亲自照顾这棵植物。A. play with玩弄；B. count on指望；C. keep off避开；D. tend to照顾。根据下文“Once I even yelled, “I can’t even care for a simple plant! I’m failing!””可知，作者是亲自照料这棵植物。故选D。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它没有立即变成棕色或失去所有的叶子时，我感到非常惊讶disappointed失望的；B. anxious担忧的；C. surprised惊奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据第一段“My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants.”可知，作者和妻子通常不会养室内植物；而根据上文“When it didn’t immediately turn brown or lose all of its leaves”可知，虽然作者和妻子通常不会养室内植物，这株植物却并没有掉叶，所以作者感到很惊讶。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，我从手术中恢复过来，完成了第一轮治疗。A. treatment治疗；B. competitions竞争；C. application运用；D. talks谈话。根据上文“I recovered from surgery”可知，作者从手术中恢复过来，因此作者是完成了第一轮治疗。故选A。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它的高度几乎增加了一倍，叶子又厚又亮。A. dead死的；B. shiny光滑发亮的；C. colorful多彩的；D. dry干的。根据上文“It nearly doubled in height”可知，这株植物长得很不错；而空后的“thick”则表明植物的叶子很厚，也就说明植物生长得很不错，叶子光滑发亮。故选B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，令人惊讶的是，它开始显示出疾病的迹象。A. expectations期待；B. history历史；C. indications迹象；D. relief安慰。根据下文“Whatever I did, the leaves kept ___7___ and dropping.”可知，植物开始呈现出有疾病的迹象。故选C。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我怎么做，树叶还是不停地变褐掉下来。A. browning变褐色；B. recovering恢复；C. thickening变浓；D. trembling颤抖。根据上文“When it didn’t immediately turn brown or lose all of its leaves”可判断，植物患上疾病的一个标志就是叶片变成褐色。故选A。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我越来越沮丧和不安。A. curious好奇的；B. unwilling不乐意的；C. thrilled激动的；D. uneasy不安的。根据空前的“frustrated”可知，作者看到植物在枯萎，非常沮丧和不安。故选D。
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的悉心照料——这是我能控制的——和我自己的生存联系在一起——这是我无法控制的。A. unluckily不幸地；B. wrongly错误地；C. immediately立即；D. hardly几乎。根据下文“something over which I had some control — with my own ___10___— something over which I had little control.”可知，作者突然发现自己错误地将自己对植物的照顾和自己的生命联系在一起。故选B。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的悉心照料——这是我能控制的——和我自己的生存联系在一起——这是我无法控制的。A. adventure探险；B. excellence优秀；C. survival生存；D. judgment判断。根据下文“If the plant ___14___ me, I hope it will comfort Hannah”可知，作者已经开始考虑自己的生死，所以空处指的是作者将自己的生存和对植物的照顾联系在一起了。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我的肿瘤复发了，那不是因为我的任何失败。A. failure失败；B. conflict冲突；C. threat威胁；D. crisis危机。根据上文“I can’t even care for a simple plant! I’m failing!”可判断，作者将植物的生死和自己的付出联系在一起，看到植物枯萎，作者就认为是自己的失败。故选A。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始研究如何治疗这种植物。A. cure治愈；B. remove移除；C. feed喂养；D. adopt领养。根据下文“And we both began to thrive again.”可知，作者是在研究如何治疗植物。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我看到这株植物，我就会想到Mitch和所有支持我的人。A. cancer癌症；B. mirror镜子；C. root根；D. plant植物。根据下文“If the plant ___14___ me, I hope it will comfort Hannah”可知，下文是作者是看着植物的感想。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这棵植物比我活得更久，我希望它能安慰Hannah，提醒她，在我走后，我们庞大的社区将继续帮助她。A. abandons放弃；B. outlives比……活得久；C. disappoints使失望；D. outperforms优于。根据下文的“after I am gone”可知，作者想的是如果植物活得比自己时间久。故选B。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这棵植物比我活得更久，我希望它能安慰Hannah，提醒她，在我走后，我们庞大的社区将继续帮助她。A. forgive原谅；B. warn警告；C. assist帮助；D. tolerate忍受。根据上文“I think of Mitch and all the people who have supported me.”可知，作者得到了来自好友和身边人的帮助，由此推断，作者相信自己死后，自己的妻子也会得到社区人们的帮助。故选C。

56．certainly 57．living 58．Without 59．waterfalls 60．are bent 61．stronger 62．constructed 63．a 64．rooted 65．that

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍印度梅加拉亚邦的卡西人用榕树根部建造活桥，因为这是山区唯一可行的选择。随着时间的推移，这些桥变得越来越坚固，而且很环保，有些桥估计已经有500多年的历史了。
56．考查副词。句意：河上的桥梁对当地人来说当然是必不可少的，因为它们使生活在这些偏远地区的人们能够前往不同的地区。此处应使用副词修饰后面的形容词。故填certainly。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：河上的桥梁对当地人来说当然是必不可少的，因为它们使生活在这些偏远地区的人们能够前往不同的地区。分析句子结构可知，名词people与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
58．考查介词。句意：没有这些桥梁，获得基本服务、医疗和学校教育将极其困难。名词the bridges前用介词形式。根据语意可知，空白处需要使用表示“没有，要不是”的介词，用without。故填Without。
59．考查名词的数。句意：这是由于地形是多山的，茂密的丛林和瀑布使得任何类型的永久性道路结构都不可能。根据并列连词and前复数名词dense jungles可知，这里用名词的复数形式。故填waterfalls。
60．考查时态和语态。句意：这些桥是由活榕树的气根制成的，它们被弯曲成形状。分析句子结构可知，空白处需使用谓语动词。根据句意可知，陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态。非限定性定语从句which指代先行词the aerial roots of living banyan trees，复数，与bend之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are bent。
61．考查形容词比较级。句意：与传统桥梁不同，印度活桥随着时间的推移变得越来越坚固。根据句意以及后文介词than可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级。故填stronger。
62．考查省略。句意：这些桥刚建成时每天只允许15到20人通过。分析句子结构可知，这里为when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为when they are first constructed，所以用过去分词形式。故填constructed。
63．考查冠词。句意：卡西人具有务实精神，创造了独特的、可持续的、生态友好的文化。这里culture为可数名词，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们继承了深深植根于环境的文化，开发出了在应用和理念方面无与伦比的最佳生活建筑。分析句子结构可知，名词culture与root之间为被动关系，所以空白处应使用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填rooted。
65．考查定语从句。句意：人们继承了深深植根于环境的文化，开发出了在应用和理念方面无与伦比的最佳生活建筑。分析句子结构可知，此处需使用关系词引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中充当主语。先行词有最高级修饰，所以只能使用关系代词that。故填that。
66．Dear fellows,
A new column for the graduating students called “My school, I have something to say to you” is set up in our school newspaper. We are expecting your theme-related articles.
We set no limit to the type—poems, essays, or novels are all welcome. Your contributions should cover your authentic experiences in your school life and genuine feelings that you want to extend. They are expected to be original and within 300 words. Please submit your articles before May 20th to EnglishNewspaper@sina.com. Works chosen, you will get a certificate and 200 yuan in prize money.
Write down your stories and keep your cherished memory alive. Looking forward to your works!
The Editorial Section
May 5th, 2023
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校英文报的专栏“My school, I have something to say to you”，写一封征稿函，向全校高三学生征集稿件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建立：set up→establish
文章：article→essay
限制：limit→restriction
真诚的：genuine→sincere
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Works chosen, you will get a certificate and 200 yuan in prize money.
拓展句：If your works are chosen, you will get a certificate and 200 yuan in prize money.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A new column for the graduating students called “My school, I have something to say to you” is set up in our school newspaper.(运用了过去分词作后置定语)
【高分句型2】Your contributions should cover your authentic experiences in your school life and genuine feelings that you want to extend.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
67．参考范文
He began pulling the shells from the bucket and commenting on their uniqueness. “Look! This one looks like a heart when you hold it this way!” he exclaimed, showing me a shell with an uneven shape. One after another, he introduced to me each broken seashell he had collected, his face lighting up with wonder and appreciation. “Each one of them is indeed one of a kind, darling.” I watched as he arranged the shells in the sand, admiring their extraordinary beauty. It dawned on me that he saw perfection where I saw imperfection.
Back home, I decided to preserve the moment of realization with Will. We washed the sand off each shell carefully with toothbrushes, and then displayed them carefully in the yard. Looking at the “broken shell garden”, Will smiled with great satisfaction. It is a constant reminder that we are all broken in some way, but we still possess beauty and uniqueness beyond belief. As for me, that day on the beach was not just about collecting shells; it was also about my four-year-old teaching me an invaluable lesson that beauty comes in many forms.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和儿子去海滩捡贝壳，作者只捡完好的贝壳，收货很少，而儿子捡破碎的贝壳，让作者很奇怪，因为作者觉得破碎的贝壳是没用的，但是儿子却说每一个破碎的贝壳都是独一无二的，有自己的特点，让作者明白美丽有多种形式。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他开始从桶里取出贝壳，并评论它们的独特性。”可知，第一段可描写作者的儿子讲解他眼中的破碎贝壳是什么样子。
②由第二段首句内容“回到家，我决定保留和威尔在一起的那一刻。”可知，第二段可描写作者接受了儿子捡的破碎贝壳以及自己的感悟。
2. 续写线索：只捡完好贝壳——发现儿子捡破碎的贝壳——质问儿子——儿子讲解——破碎贝壳也有美丽——作者接受破碎贝壳——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①呼喊： exclaim/shout out/yell
②收集：collect/gather
③展示：show/display/showcase
情绪类
①欣赏：appreciation/admiration/enjoyment
②难以置信的：beyond belief/incredible/unbelievable
【点睛】[高分句型1] It dawned on me that he saw perfection where I saw imperfection.(that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] As for me, that day on the beach was not just about collecting shells; it was also about my four-year-old teaching me an invaluable lesson that beauty comes in many forms.(that引导的同位语从句)