2021北京东城高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

2021北京东城高二（上）期末

英    语

一、完形填空（共12小题；每小题1分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

On a freezing January morning, Jonny Benjamin, then a 20-year-old college student, climbed on the edge of Waterloo Bridge in London. That morning, Jonny ____1____ from a mental health hospital, where he’d been diagnosed (诊断) with a severe disease. He headed straight to the ____2____, convinced that his disease was a life sentence.

Hundreds of people passed by. Only one man called Neil Laybourn, then 25,____3____ and quietly walked to Jonny’s side.

“You’re alright, man? Why are you sitting on a bridge?”

At first Jonny wanted Neil to leave him ____4____, but something in Neil’s calm, down-to-earth manner touched him. Jonny felt ____5____, like he could talk to him.

“It’s cold here. Why not have some coffee in a warm cafe? Everything will be OK. ” For the first time after the diagnosis Jonny felt perhaps it really might. He ____6____ back.

The police, having received calls from passers-by, were waiting there. They quickly put him into a police car,____7____ he was to panic and jump. He lost sight of Neil, the person who’d brought him hope.

Jonny ended up back in hospital. Eventually, he was____8____ enough to return to university and finish his degree. Over the next six years, Jonny often thought about the ____9____ who had talked him round._____10_____ to thank him in person, he posted a Facebook message nicknaming the good man Mike. His Find-Mike post was _____11_____ millions of times around the world, as far as Canada.

Jonny was overexcited when Neil called him two weeks after his post. They had a reunion, finally having that coffee they had first planned all those years ago.

“Many people walked past, but because of Neil’s _____12_____ and sympathy, I’ve lived a good life.” Jonny said.

1. A. called B. heard C. escaped D. recovered

2. A. bridge B. hotel C. college D. clinic

3. A. nervously B. bravely C. anxiously D. calmly

4. A. out B. alone C. aside D. off

5. A. passion B. happiness C. power D. faith

6. A. walked B. climbed C. leaned D. returned

7. A. in case B. now that C. so that D. even though

8. A. kind B. clever C. well D. old

9. A. friend B. doctor C. stranger D. policeman

10. A. Afraid B. Ashamed C. Surprised D. Eager

11. A. shared B. praised C. opened D. published

12. A. courage B. kindness C. patience D. devotion

二、阅读理解（共两节, 33分）

第一节（共12小题；每小题2分；共24分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

If you are looking for a place to eat in Calgary, you’ve got a variety of choices, like Italian, Thai, Mexican, modern comfort food, and vegetarian cuisine. For anyone that wants to narrow down their must-eat list, here are the best restaurants in Calgary.

Foreign Concept

ADDRESS: 10111 St SW, Calgary, ABT2R, Canada

PHONE: 403-719-7289

Foreign Concept is run by award-winning chef Duncan Ly and chef Hyungjae Lim. Serving modern Asian cuisine, the dishes take their inspiration from Ly’s Vietnamese roots and Lim’s Korean background. No matter what you order, dishes always emphasize seasonal and local ingredients（食材）. Bold flavors won’t disappoint you at Foreign Concept!

Alumni Sandwiches

ADDRESS: 72517 Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2S, Canada

PHONE. 403-455-7257

The simple sandwich isn’t so ordinary anymore at Alumni Sandwiches. The place is friendly and inviting and there are always around 10 sandwich flavours available, so whether you’ re a vegetarian, meat eater, picky eater, or prepared for a fancy dinner, something on the menu is sure to appeal to you. Don’t miss the Caesar salad, made with whatever greens happen to be in season.

Bow Valley Ranche Restaurant

ADDRESS: 15979 Bow Bottom Trail SE, Calgary, AB T2J, Canada

PHONE: 403-476-1311

If it’s fine dining you’re looking for, Bow Valley Ranche Restaurant is one of your best choices in Calgary. The food is always excellent and the setting is equally impressive. Only a short drive from Calgary’s downtown, Bow Valley puts emphasis on Canadian produce and proteins, from Rocky Mountain game meats（野味）to seasonal vegetables.

Rouge

ADDRESS: 12408 Ave SE, Calgary, AB T2G, Canada

PHONE: 403-531-2765

Less than a ten-minute drive from downtown, Rouge is an award-winning restaurant set in a historic house in Calgary’s Inglewood neighborhood. The menu here puts the focus firmly on fresh, seasonal ingredients, highlighting their natural beauty. Many of those ingredients are grown in the on-site garden, making the dishes even more special.

13 A man who likes Asian cuisine may prefer to eat at ________.

A. Alumni Sandwiches B. Rouge

C. Bow Valley Ranche Restaurant D. Foreign Concept

14. According to the passage, Alumni Sandwiches ________.

A. provides fruit salads

B. offers different choices

C. uses Rocky Mountain produce

D. is set in a friendly historic house

15. In what way are the four restaurants similar?

A. They use seasonal ingredients.

B. All their chefs have won awards.

C. They are not far from downtown.

D. Their settings are equally friendly.

16. The passage is probably taken from ________.

A. a food diary B. a research paper

C. a news report D. a travel brochure

B

Huang Danian, the well-known Chinese geophysicist, was born in 1958 in Guangxi, China. As a keen and able student, Huang went to the UK in 1993 to further his studies.

By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years. He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return to home driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country. As one of the world’s leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was invited to participate in the “Thousand Talent” programme. He took up a position at Jilin University, Changchun.

Huang was named lead scientist on China’s deep earth exploration programme, developing advanced cameras that can see through the Earth’s crust(外壳) so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it. He set up an advanced lab, sometimes paying for equipment with his own money. Some described him as a “lunatic” (a “madman”), but this passion and drive enabled Huang to push forwards China’s deep earth exploration technology into a world-leading position. Huang’s devotion contributed to China’s lunar probe(月球探测器) Yutu being landed on the moon in 2013 and the launch of the spacecrafts Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 in 2016.

Huang's health also paid the price for his commitment to his work. He began having fainting fits(昏厥) in 2012, but paid them little attention, stating he did not have time to go to see a doctor— his work always came first. In November 2016, Huang fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. The disease was so advanced that he had just a couple of months to live.

Like the true scientist he was, Huang never gave up, but always tried to push forwards. Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students. Huang died in January 2017, aged just 58. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short.

17. Huang returned to China in 2008 because________.

A. he desired to devote himself to his motherland

B. the “Thousand Talent” program attracted him

C. Jilin University offered him a top position

D. he wasn’t satisfied with the life in the UK

18. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. China’s aerospace development.

B. Huang’s working attitude and style.

C. Huang’s great contributions to China.

D. China’s deep earth exploration technology.

19. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A. The working environment caused Huang’s disease.

B. Huang worked continuously despite his poor health.

C. Huang was taken to hospital after he fainted in 2012.

D. A large sum of money was paid to treat Huang’s illness.

20. Which of the following can be used to describe Huang Danian?

A. Generous and honest.

B. Passionate and patient.

C. Modest and courageous.

D. Patriotic and committed.

C

Improve Cloud Security

Sensitive customer data has constantly been found exposed on cloud servers without password protection. To ease the problem, database software makers have been trying to make security easier for cloud database managers. At the Enigma Conference in San Francisco, Kenn White, a security manager at database software maker MongoDB, will describe a new technique, called field level encryption, to make data safer on the cloud.

Field level encryption works by scrambling data before it’s sent to a cloud database and rearranging it in order when the data is needed for use. The promise of the product is to protect the contents of a cloud database even if bad guys access it.

MongoDB’s new feature comes as more and more companies move user data to cloud servers, rather than run their own costly data centers. It was predicted that cloud computing would be a $214 billion industry by the end of 2019. That would be up more than 17% from 2018, when it was $182 billion.

Companies have rushed to the cloud without understanding all of the possible security consequences. Many companies have left countless databases exposed, revealing personal data. A database containing details about who lives in 80 million US households was left unprotected in 2019, just like the data on Facebook users.

Database managers want to store their data in an unreadable form, but they also want to be able to find specific pieces of information in the database with a simple search term. For example, someone might want to look up health care patients by their Social Security numbers, even if those numbers are stored as random characters. To make this possible, field level encryption lets database managers encrypt a search term on their machine and send it to the database as a query. The database matches the encrypted version of the search term with the record it’s storing and then sends it back to you.

This approach only works with specific kinds of data. For example, field level encryption isn’t useful for long text entries, like notes in a patient’s medical chart, because you can’t search for individual words.

Still, for data like account numbers, passwords and government ID numbers, field level encryption protects data and maintains a usable database.

Most importantly, White said, it’s simple to set up. Database managers turn it on with a one-time configuration change when they set up the database. “That’s really powerful,” he said in an interview.

21. The underlined word “scrambling” in paragraph 2 probably means________.

A. mixing B. collecting C. hiding D. storing

22. What can field level encryption do?

A. Secure the safety of Internet pages. B. Protect files with a unique style of storage.

C. Stop bad guys from accessing the database. D. Enable companies to store files on the cloud.

23. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Companies should move user data to cloud servers.

B. Cloud computing achieved a 17% increase in 2019.

C. Companies may be unaware of the risks of the cloud.

D. No companies were willing to run their own data centers.

24. The author wrote the passage mainly to ________.

A. present some facts B. offer security advice

C. introduce a technique D. recommend a product

第二节  阅读表达（共4小题：第25题1分，第26，27题各2分，第28题4分；共9分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

Face it

In much of the western world, governments now require people to wear masks when they are in crowded public spaces. That is good news, for masks could both save lives and allow people to get back to work. And to help economies restart safely, government should require people to wear face coverings in crowded public spaces.

People think of masks as something protecting them from dirty things in the air. But in the case of COVID-19, their more important job is to protect others from an infected wearer. That is because of one of the unusual characteristics of this disease: it seems likely that infection by people who have not, or not yet, developed symptoms(症状) makes up about a third to a half of the cases. So even if everybody with symptoms stays at home, the virus will still spread. Masks block the respiratory droplets(呼吸道飞沫) that carry the virus, so make risky situations safer.

There are signs that masking is useful. Even home-made face coverings can block droplets.

Experiments show that a piece of cloth over the mouth and face can block 60% of droplets—not as good as a medical mask, but much better than nothing.

East Asian countries’ success in controlling the disease argues in favour of masks. Wearing masks to protect against pollution or disease is common there, so people covered their faces as soon as they were informed of COVID-19. In the West, mask-wearing is alien. And in all of the countries where mask-wearing is common practice, the epidemic (流行病) was quickly controlled. This is not unquestionable evidence in favour of masks. Other factors distinguish those mask-wearing countries from bare-faced Western nations: some, such as China and South Korea, have strict track-and-trace systems and carry out mass coronavirus testing.

Yet the combination of this natural global experiment, laboratory studies and asymptomatic transmission(无症状传播) suggests that masks can help keep people safe. Lockdown destroys economies. Social distancing damages them. Masks cost next   to nothing. They will not by themselves stop an epidemic. Hand-washing, track-and-trace systems and widespread testing are all crucial, too. But masks can do their bit to protect people and rebuild economies.

25. What is the key job of masks in COVID-19 epidemic according to the writer?

26. Please paraphrase the underlined sentence in your own words.

27. Please underline the inappropriate part in the following statement and explain why.

Wearing masks is important and is considered the determining factor in the fight against the epidemic.

28. Please briefly present what can be done to fight against COVID-19. (about 40 words)

三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Just like spoken language body language varies from culture to culture. The gesture for “OK” has different ____29____ (meaning) in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid ____30____(make) this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it ____31____ (consider) impolite.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China,____32____ 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she ____33____ (work) at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers ____34____ (choose). In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan,____35____ malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Today we ____36____ (use) chemicals in almost every part of our lives, hoping to make life faster and more convenient.____37____ we are most familiar with may be the chemical we use at home to kill flies and other disease-carrying pests. Farmers also use them in the soil ____38____ (help) their plants grow fast and become strong. However, the discovery of new ways to use chemicals have brought problems as well as benefits.

四、选词填空（共10小题；第39—44小题，每小题0.5分；第45—48题，每小题1分；共7分）

A

根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。

39. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll find a way to ________ the difficulty.

40. ________ the work of John Snow, we now know how to prevent cholera.

41. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and ________ barriers.

42. A good teacher is able to ________ her students when they are upset.

43. Mr. Leach is on holiday and is not ________ for the moment.

44. It is beneficial for teenagers to ________ themselves in social activities after school.

B

根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。

45. I was asked to give a ________ about my vacation plan in English.

46. The UN sent food to ten African countries ________ affected by the drought last month.

47. The beach is within walking ________ of my house.

48. His methods for studying English ________ from mine completely.

五、书面表达（共1小题，13分）

49. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim所在学校要组织学生来北京游学，其中一天的活动安排为游览主题公园。有两个公园可以选择：“欢乐谷(Happy Valley)”和“奥林匹克森林公园(Beijing Olympic Forest Park)”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议，请你给他回信，内容包括：

1. 你推荐的公园；

2. 你的理由。

注意：1. 词数不少于60；

2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

参考答案

一、完形填空（共12小题；每小题1分，共12分）

【答案】1. C    2. A    3. D    4. B    5. D    6. B    7. A    8. C    9. C    10. D    11. A    12. B

二、阅读理解（共两节, 33分）

A【答案】13. D    14. B    15. A    16. D

B【答案】17. A    18. C    19. B    20. D

C【答案】21. A    22. B    23. C    24. C

第二节  阅读表达（共4小题：第25题1分，第26，27题各2分，第28题4分；共9分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

【答案】25. To protect others from an infected wearer.    

26. In the West, mask-wearing is rare.   

27. Wearing masks is important and is considered the determining factor in the fight against the epidemic. Because masks will not by themselves stop an epidemic，protect others from an infected wearer.
28. Wear masks and keep a safe distance with others when we are in crowded public spaces.
Wash hands especially when we come home from outside.
Carry out track-and-trace systems and widespread testing are crucial, too.

三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

A【答案】29. meanings   

30. making    31. is considered

B【答案】32. on    33. worked   

34. chosen    35. where

C【答案】36. use   

37. What    38. to help

四、选词填空（共10小题；第39—44小题，每小题0.5分；第45—48题，每小题1分；共7分）

A

【答案】39. overcome   

40. Thanks to   

41. break down   

42. comfort   

43. available   

44. involve

B

【答案】45. presentation   

46. severely   

47. distance   

48. differ

五、书面表达（共1小题，13分）

49.

【答案】Dear Jim,

I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.

Of the two parks Happy Valley and Beijing Olympic Forest Park, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour to Beijing Olympic Forest, where you are able to feel the Olympic spirit. You can see the famous Olympic buildings there-the Bird’s Nest and the Water Cube. Moreover, the scenery in the park is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip to Beijing Olympic Forest will be a better choice.

Hope you’ll have a good time in China.

Yours,

Li Hua