高中英语高考语法知识复习（物主代词+人称代词）

这是一份高中英语高考语法知识复习（物主代词+人称代词），共5页。试卷主要包含了物主代词，人称代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考英语语法知识复习一、物主代词（一）物主代词的各种不同意思(1) He looked at his watch(= the watch owned or used by him).( 表示所有关系，即属于他， 也可表示作者、拟定者等)I read his novel (= the novel he bought or wrote.)How about your plan (= the plan you made) ?The book has lost its cover (= the cover as a part of it).I do not doubt his honesty (= the honesty as one of his qualities ).(2) I read his statement.( what he stated) (用在表示动作的名词前, 说明是谁的动作)He waited for my arrival.(I arrived.)We must work hard until our death.( We die.)(3) He hastened to my assistance.(I was assisted.) (用在一个表示动作的名词前, 表示动作的对象)She wished to see him before his execution.( He was executed.)The house was on fire just after its completion.( It was completed.)His destruction ( or His murder, His appointment) is something one can expect.(He is destroyed, is murdered, etc.)(4) The army lost its commander (=the man that commanded it).(用作er和-or结尾的名词前, 表示“干某事的人”)He spoke to his visitor (= the man who visited him), his teacher (=the man who taught him), mу electors (= the men who elected me).(5) Have you ever seen his portrait ( or image , statue , likeness , picture) (= the portrait representing him, or the portrait made by him, etc.)(用在表示图画、塑像等的名词前,表示“画的是谁”等等,也可指“ 谁的作品”)(6) Her loss is a pity.(She lost something, or she is lost.) (用在某些表示动作的名词前, 可有主动、被动两种意义。即“丢失某物”或“被丢失”)His love is unselfish.(He loves someone, or is loved by someone.)His training is strict.(He trains others, or is trained.)His treatment is unjust.(He treats others, or is treated.)(7) Your interpretation of it is correct.(You interpret it.) (在表示动作的名词后若跟有of引起的短语,则表示主动关系)His treatment of others is unjust.(He treats others.)Her love of mice is unusual.(She loves mice.)(8) Where are your heroes now? (这里your带有鄙视的味道, 即“你所谓的”)I hate your politicians.For quarreling, your women are without equal.(9) He raised his(not the) hands.(用在表示身体部位等的名词前。这时译为汉语时，代词常不译出)She rubbed her( not the)eyes.(她揉了揉眼睛。)They held their breath.(他们屏住呼吸。)He talked in his sleep.(他说梦话。)John found his way to his hotel.(约翰找到了回旅馆的路。)He took off his hat.(他把帽子摘下。)The room had its window broken.(房间的窗户破了。)（二）用the代替物主代词的情况(1) 表示说话人客观态度。“The leg must be cut off,” said the doctor.The father is too busy and the son is fooling around.(2) 表示动物身体的一部分:The bird spread the (or its) wings.The (or Their) fur may be brown or white.(3) 当一个名词和一个介词连用时, 表示身体的一部分(这时不宜用物主代词):He struck me on the shoulder.(不要说my shoulder)He caught John by the collar.(不要说his collar)You wounded Mary in the arm.He led the cow by the horn.Death stared him in the face.He looked me straight between the eyes.He kissed her on the forehead.偶尔也有例外情况, 如:Don't drag the desk by its legs.(4) 用在某些习用语中:He is armed to the (不要说his) teeth.He turned the cold shoulder to (=neglected) me.(Cf.He turned his back on me, a deaf ear to me.)He talked himself red in the face.He is down in the mouth (=sad, dejected).This advertisement strikes the eye (=is attractive).He got it (or caught it) (= received drubbing) in the neck.I know where the shoe pinches (= where the trouble is).We attacked the enemy in the rear (= from the back ) .She gave her baby the breast (= fed him with milk from the teat) .I have said the last word.He gave the last finish to the work.I showed him the door ( = required him to leave because he was unwelcome).（三）物主代词被省略的情况在某些词组中物主代词可用可不用, 意思不变:I felt at (my) ease.I lost (mу) patience.He took (his) leave.He is always behind (his) time (= late).有时可用可不用，但意思不同:He kept (= looked after) house.He kept (= was confined to) the house.I shall live here for life (= for ever).I shall remember him for my life (which he has saved).It is worth your while (= financially profitable).It is worth while (= beneficial in a general sense).（四）在下面情况下物主代词不可省略This is a picture of my drawing (=drawn by me).I have seen a house of his building (=built by him).I will treat you to fish of my own cooking (= cooked by myself).（五）在和some, most, all等词连用时, 根据包括谁来决定用什么代词Some ( or Most, All, None) of us have done their (when the speaker is not included) best, our (when the speaker is included) best.Some (or Most, All, None) of you have done their (or your) best.Each one (or Everyone, Somebody, Nobody) has done his (or her, their) best.( 最好说All of them, Some of them, None of them have done their best.)（六）在某些习惯用法中of me, of him这类结构比用物主代词时更多She will be the death of me (而不是 be my death) (=kill me).This business may be the ruin of him (而不是be his ruin) (= ruin him).I can't for the life of me ( also can't for my life) (= can never ) understand a woman.但是：I ran for my life.I can't for the soul of me (=I can never) do anything.I hate the sight of her (= to see her).但是： She lost her sight (= her power of seeing).I can see every part of him, every inch of him, the whole of him.I've never seen the like of it (= anything so strange).I've never seen the like of him.The situation is, on the face (of it) (= as it appears ) , very peaceful.Under cover of it (of the plot), he can cheat many people.At the end of it (of the party), we left for home.In spite of him we continued our journey.Instead of her, John came.( She did not come.) 但是：John works in her stead (= for her in some position ).We looked in front of us.Someone stood at the back of (= behind) him.但是: Someone stood at his back(=supported him).The second play of his(如后面有定语从句，这样说His second play 要好一点) that was presented met with success. 二、人称代词（一）人称代词的分类1.人称代词有3种人称和2个数。I用来代表说话的人, 可说是第一人称;you表示谈话的对象, 可说是第二人称;he, she, it表示所谈的人或物, 为第三人称。I, you (你), he, she, it为单数。we, you (你们), they为复数。2.每个人称代词, 不管是单数还是复数, 都有5种形式:(1) 如果是主语, 要用主格形式(I, she, it等):I saw her.She saw me.It astonished them.(2) 如果是宾语, 要用宾格形式(me, her, it等):She saw me.I saw her.They looked at it.(3) 如果是表示所有, 要用所有格形式( my, her, its等):This is my house.Mary brought her umbrella.The dog wagged its tail.在这种代词前可加own来加以强调, 表示为某人自己的, 而非任何别人的。This is my own (= my, and not any other’s) house.Mary brought her own umbrella.(4) 如果所有格(物主)代词所修饰的名词刚刚提到过, 可以用其绝对形式( mine, hers, its等) , 以避免重复前面的名词，它的意思等于“物主代词+前面刚提过的名词”:That is Mary's house, and this is mine (= my house).I left my umbrella at home, but Mary brought hers ( = her umbrella) with her.(5) 如果宾语和主语表示同一人或物,可用自身代词的形式(或称反身代词) ( myself, herself, itself等) :I hate myself.She looks at herself in the mirror.The matter speaks for itself.这种自身代词也可用来强调前面的名词或代词, 这时可称为强调自身代词:I myself (= I, and nobody else) will do it.Mary herself made the dress.Confucius himself (= Even Confucius) was not without faults.I have never seen my father himself. 人称 性 数 主格 宾格所有格（物主）所有格（绝对形式） 自身代词 1 普通单Imemy(own)minemyself复weusour(own)oursourselves 2 普通单youyouyour(own)yoursyourself复youyouyour(own)yoursyourselves 古形式单thoutheethy(own)thinethyself复yeyouyour(own)yoursyourselves   3 阳单hehimhis(own)hishimself复theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves 阴单sheherher(own)hersherself复theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves 中单ititits(own)itsitself复theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves（二）人称代词的用法1.主格人称代词a.指一般人:(1)We (指一般人, 也包括讲话的人) do not see our own faults.(2)You (=one, 指一般人) cannot do two things at a time.You must ( or should, ought to) keep quiet in such a place.(可和must等词连用, 也指一般人, 但欠客气。)You all ( or people, folks, fellers, guys, men)(指大家) will be invited.(3)Не who or He that (= Any person who) works hard will succeed.She who or She that marries a fortune marries misery.Those who or Those that (= People who) know foreign languages have a better chance.注意: 这些代词也可指某些特定的人，如: Those who attended the party said it was successful..(4)They (= People, 可译为“人们”, 不包括讲话的人及听话的人) say, “Time is money.”They speak French in Switzerland.(在瑞士人们讲法语。这样说可避免用被动结构French is spoken in Switzerland.)We were not able to cross the bridge, for they (=some people) were repairing it.注意: them不能这样使用。b.“And (Or) +代词”结构:(1)You and I have done our best.(你我已经尽了力了。这里our包括了对方)He and I have done our best.You and he have done your best.( your中也包含了他在内)(2) You, she, and I (you在前, I放在最后)...You, Mr.Lee and I...Either he or I...Neither you nor he ..We, you, and they( we在前, they 在后)....We, you and Mr.Lee ...Both we and you ...Either we or they ...Neither you nor they...(3) I and you will be punished.(在指不利的事情时, I可放前面)He or you are responsible.(4) He and his wife had a good time.(但需说: Ladies and gentlemen, have a good time!)