专题18话题通关五（科学技术）（词汇 阅读 写作） ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（通用版）

这是一份专题18话题通关五（科学技术）（词汇 阅读 写作） ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（通用版），文件包含专题18话题通关五科学技术词汇阅读写作解析版docx、专题18话题通关五科学技术词汇阅读写作原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。

　科学与技术
模块1
词汇过关（阅读词汇，写作词汇，佳句背默）
模块2
话题阅读过关
模块3
话题写作过关

一【阅读词汇】

1.analyse/analyze vt.　　　分析
2.industrial adj. 工业的
3.plastic n. 塑料
4.rubber n. 橡胶；合成橡胶
5.statistics n. 统计数字
6.microscope n. 显微镜
7.transplant v．&n. 移植(器官、皮肤等)
8.upload v. 上传
9.update vt. 更新；使现代化
10.click vt. 点击
11.social network websites /apps 社交网站/手机软件
12.Wechat 微信
13.Microblog 微博
14.video-sharing apps视频分享软件
15.video chat 视频聊天
16.send voice messages 发送语音信息
17.watch live video streaming 看网络直播
18.play cellphone games玩手机游戏
19.browse short video-clips刷视频
20.hosts 主播
21.Internet celebrities 网红
22.go shopping online 网购
23.online stores网店
24.physical store实体店
25.online loans 网贷
26.shopping habits 消费习惯
27.online fraud 网络诈骗
28.online security 网络安全
29.sharing bikes共享单车
30.sharing cars共享汽车
31.online car-calling service 网约车服务
32.grab a taxi via cellphones 通过手机叫出租车
33.various ways of transport 各种各样的交通方式
34.high-speed train高铁
35.airplane飞机
36.self-driving自驾
37.car-pooling拼车
38.renting cars租车
39.food-delivering service 外卖服务
40.apps应用程序
41.order take-away foods点外卖
42.fattening and oily foods发胖和油腻的食物
43.poor quality糟糕的品质
44.cause health problems造成健康问题
45.suffer from health problems such as遭受健康问题例如：
46.obesity 肥胖
47.terrible sanitary conditions糟糕的卫生情况

二【写作词汇】

1.scientific adj. 科学的
2.foresee vt. (foresaw，foreseen) 预见
3.technology n. 技术
4.research n．& v. 研究；调查
5.invention n. 发明
6.exploration n. 探索
7.tidy/neat adj. 整洁的
8.count/matter vi. 重要；关系重大
9.deliver vt.&vi. 投递(信件、邮包等)
10.economy n. 经济

三．短语积极

1.with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展
2.take sth into account/consideration 把某事考虑进去
3.make a new discovery 做出新发现
4.do/work wonders 创造奇迹
5.be addicted to 沉迷于
6.be faced with new opportunities and challenges 面临新的机遇和挑战
7.carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验
8.in the field of science 在科学领域
9.information technology 信息技术
10.make a breakthrough 取得突破
1.carry out a research in the hope of curing the illnesses为治疗疾病而进行一项研究
2.be different from/differ from 与……不同
3.have access to/be accessible to 能使用；接近
4.keep/catch up with 跟上；赶上
5.lead to/contribute to/result in/bring about导致
6.relate to/be linked to/be associated with与……有关联
7.with the popularity of the Internet随着网络的普及
8.chat online 在线聊天
9.have a negative effect 有负面影响
10.text message 手机短信


四．佳句默写
1．(续写佳句)Sensing my stress and fear of the unknown，Dad tried to make me laugh.
感觉到我对未知的压力和恐惧，父亲试着逗我笑。
2．With the development of science and technology, more and more scientific inventions are being made, which brings great convenience to our daily life.
随着科技的发展，出现了越来越多的科学发明，这给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的便利。
3．It goes without saying that/There is no doubt that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。
4．Micro－blog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure，thus making it more and more popular with high school students.
微博能提供一个展示我们的天赋和释放我们的压力的平台，从而使它越来越受高中学生的欢迎。
话题精练
一． 阅读理解
一
Tired of standing in line? Wait a bit longer, and you may never have to again.Everyone from Amazon to Silicon Valley start-ups is trying to eliminate lines in retail(零售) stores.
Amazon has opened 24 of its Amazon Go stores, which use cameras and artificial intelligence to see what you’ve taken off shelves and charge you as you walk out.Some start-ups are closely copying Amazon’s approach to using AI-powered cameras fixed in ceilings.But others are trying an entirely different way to skip the checkout: smart shopping carts.These companies have added cameras and sensors (传感器) to the carts, and are using AI to tell what you’ve placed in them.A built-in scale weighs items, in case you have to pay by the pound for an item.Customers pay by using a credit card, or through an online payment system.When customers exit the store, a green light on the shopping cart indicates that their orders are complete, and they’re charged.
The start-ups behind the smart shopping carts, including Caper and Veeve, say it’s much easier to add technology to the shopping cart than to an entire store.Amazon Go stores rely on hundreds of cameras in the ceiling.The shelves also include sensors to tell when an item is removed.Ahmed Beshry, co-founder of Caper, believes the technology to run Amazon Go is too expensive to use in a large grocery store.Neither Caper nor Veeve has said how much their smart shopping carts will cost，making it difficult to compare the different formats.Shariq Siddiqui, CEO of Veeve, said he’s finding increased interest from retailers given Amazon’s steady expansion of Amazon Go since the first Amazon Go store opened in Seattle in 2018.“We’re always happy when Amazon is doing something，” Siddiqui said.“They force retailers to get out of their old school thinking.”
Each time a business uses artificial intelligence and cameras, it raises questions about customer privacy and the impact on jobs.Beshry notes that the cameras in his smart shopping cart point down into the cart, so only customers’ hands and part of their arms will be captured (拍摄) by cameras.
1.Which of the following best explains “eliminate” underlined in Paragraph 1?
A.Cross. B.Remove.
C.Extend. D.Break.
2.What do we know about the smart shopping carts?
A.They are linked to the cameras fixed in the ceilings.
B.They can tell customers where to find what they want.
C.They flash the green light when the order is cancelled.
D.They are able to recognize purchases placed in them.
3.What does Beshry think of the technology applied in Amazon Go stores?
A.It is far more expensive than their smart shopping carts.
B.It may increase the cost of running a large grocery store greatly.
C.It has attracted many more retailers than before.
D.It is likely to help retailers to think differently.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The New Technology Promotes Retail Sales
B.AI-powered Cameras Are Used in Retail Stores
C.Smart Shopping Carts Will Let You Skip the Line
D.Artificial Intelligence Affects the Future Job Market
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一款能够获取顾客购买的物品的信息，进而可以便利地完成结算的智能购物车的相关情况。
1B　【答案】词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句以及第二段Amazon Go的例子可以推测出，购物时人们对排队付款感到厌烦，因此从亚马孙公司到硅谷的新兴公司，都试图在零售商店里面将排队付款的情况消除。由此可知，画线词的含义与“remove”相近，故选B。
2D　【答案】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“These companies...in them”可知，这些公司在购物车上增加了摄像机和传感器，并使用人工智能来确切地判断出你往购物车里放的东西。由此可知，智能购物车能够辨别出放在其中的商品，故选D。
3B　【答案】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Ahmed Beshry，co-founder...in a large grocery store”可知，Beshry认为，运行Amazon Go的技术成本太高，无法在大型食品杂货店使用。故选B。
4C　【答案】标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一款能够获取顾客购买的物品的信息，进而可以便利地完成结算的智能购物车；它能让顾客免去排队付款这一令人厌烦的过程。由此可知，C项的表述符合本文主题，故选C。
二
At England’s University of Plymouth, Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music.Miranda’s robots have simple “vocal cords” (声带) and are programmed to sing and listen to each other.The robots’ unique warbling sounds (颤音) do not perfectly match the human voice，but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.
Each robot is equipped with speakers, software that mimics the human voice, a mouth that opens as it “sings”， a microphone for ears, and a camera for eyes.The robots also move.Miranda hopes that by studying his robot vocalists, he can discover something about how and why humans create, perform，and listen to music.
When the robots sing, the first robot makes six random sounds.Its partner responds with more sounds.The first robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences (顺序) are similar.If they are, it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory，and the second robot notices and “memorizes” the musical sequence, too.If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different, it shakes its head and both robots ignore the sounds.Then the process continues.
Miranda set up an experiment in which he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks.When he returned, his little warblers had, by imitating each other, not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic, but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own self-developed “songs”.
With the help of his warbling robots, one of Miranda’s goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any existing musical styles or rules.
1.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mimics”in Paragraph 2?
A.Substitutes. B.Interrupts.
C.Controls. D.Copies.
2.What did the two robots do during Miranda’s experiment?
A.They interacted with each other.
B.They ignored the unique sound.
C.They learned to sing better than humans.
D.They committed random sounds to memory.
3.What does Miranda want his robots to do?
A.Sing as well as humans do.
B.Create new styles of music.
C.Memorize a variety of music.
D.Promote traditional musical forms.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Future robots.
B.Special songs.
C.Music by robots.
D.Experiments by Miranda.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。普利茅斯大学的教授Eduardo Miranda通过编写程序让一对机器人创作音乐。本文介绍了Miranda的实验过程以及他的目标等。
1D　【答案】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“a mouth that opens as it‘sings’，a microphone for ears，and a camera for eyes”可知，“唱歌”时嘴张开、麦克风用作耳朵、摄像头用作眼睛。由此可推知，此处表示用来模仿人声的软件，故D项正确。
2A　【答案】细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“When the robots...with more sounds”可知，当机器人唱歌时，第一个机器人发出六个随机的声音；它的同伴会发出更多的声音来回应。并结合该段其他内容可知，在唱歌时，机器人之间会互动，故A项正确。
3B　【答案】细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“With the help of...no human would ever compose”可知，Miranda的目标之一就是凭借机器人的帮助创作出人类永远无法创作出的音乐，即创造出新风格的音乐，故B项正确。
4C　【答案】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“At England’s University of Plymouth...to compose music”为全文的主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了Eduardo Miranda教授用机器人创作音乐的实验过程。故C项正确。
三
Don’t like seeds in your tomatoes? You might be pleased to know that seedless ones have been created by gene editing.
This could create a wide range of seedless fruits, but few may ever be seen in the supermarket if regulators decide to treat gene-edited crops in the same way as genetically engineered (转基因的) ones.
Several seedless fruits, from bananas to grapes, are already available, but have mostly appeared by luck rather than by design.And although there are a few seedless varieties of tomatoes，they’ve taken researchers many years to create.
Now it can be done very quickly, as Keishi Osakabe at Tokushima University in Japan has shown.His team used the CRISPR gene-editing technology to make fruits develop even though no seeds had begun to form.“We haven’t tasted them yet, but in theory they should taste the same，” says Osakabe.
There have been a few efforts to create seedless tomatoes using earlier genetic engineering techniques.These methods take longer time compared with CRISPR.
Some “seedless” fruits just have very small seeds, and still require pollination (授粉).But completely seedless fruits like the edited tomatoes do not require pollination at all.Such plants could improve food security by reducing our reliance on smaller bee populations, says Saul Cunningham at the Australian National University.Many fruit growers buy bees to pollinate their crops.
There is a deficiency for farmers, however.Seedless plants usually have to be grown from cuttings, which involves more labor than planting seeds.
CRISPR could be used to develop other types of fruit that don’t require pollinators, as well as introduce beneficial mutations (突变), says Osakabe.
But to make it on to the supermarket, gene-edited plants may have to meet the same standards as genetically engineered plants, which would greatly increase costs.Some argue that since gene editing is used to introduce mutations already found in some of the plants we eat, it should not require such strict regulations.
1.What has been the problem with seedless tomatoes created in the past?
A.Their taste was not very good.
B.They still had a few big seeds.
C.Their genes could not be recognized.
D.They took quite a long time to create.
2.What did Keishi Osakabe’s team do?
A.They edited tomatoes’ genes.
B.They changed the taste of tomatoes.
C.They made seedless bananas and grapes.
D.They created genetically engineered tomatoes.
3.Why is CRISPR better than previous methods?
A.It will still require pollination.
B.It will remain unaffected without bees.
C.It will reduce people’s reliance on food security.
D.It will make many growers buy bees for pollination.
4.What does the underlined word “deficiency” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A.Danger. B.Disadvantage.
C.Benefit. D.Solution.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。主要介绍了使用基因编辑技术可以更快地研制出无籽或无核水果，但这种水果要想进入超市，可能必须符合与转基因水果相同的标准。
1D　【答案】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they’ve taken researchers many years to create”和第五段中的“These methods take longer time compared with CRISPR”可知，过去创造无籽西红柿很耗时，故选D。
2A　【答案】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His team used the CRISPR...no seeds had begun to form”可知，Keishi Osakabe的团队编辑了西红柿的基因，故A项正确。
3B　【答案】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“CRISPR could be used to develop other types of fruit that don’t require pollinators”可知，CRISPR可用于研制其他类型的不需要传粉者的水果，由此可推知，CRISPR不会受到没有蜜蜂的影响，故选B。
4B　【答案】词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段中的“Seedless plants usually...than planting seeds”可知，种植无籽植物通常需要投入更多劳动，由此可推知，这对农民来说并不是什么好事，故画线词的含义与B项词义最接近。
四
Five years ago, Yellow-Purple tore a flexor tendon (屈肌腱), making it difficult to use her left leg.The little penguin was having a hard time walking and swimming.
Yellow-Purple lives with a large group of African penguins at Mystic Aquarium in Mystic, Connecticut.African penguins are an endangered species.They are beautiful, black and white birds that are about two feet tall when fully grown, and they are very popular with the Aquarium’s visitors.
The staff at the Aquarium made a little support boot for Yellow-Purple from plastic.This supported her left ankle and made it much easier for her to do all the things that penguins like to do.Yellow-Purple was getting along fine with her boot，but then Dr.Jen Flower, Chief Clinical Veterinarian at Mystic Aquarium, heard about 3-D printing technology.She decided to use it to help better the boot.
Luckily, Mystic Aquarium’s Vice President of Education & Conservation, Kelly Matis, knew that Mystic Middle School had recently acquired a 3-D Systems printer.Kelly reached out to the school and arranged a meeting.Sue Prince, Library Media Specialist at Mystic Middle School, and seven middle school students visited Yellow-Purple to learn what was needed, and then contacted the supplier of their 3-D printer, ACT Group.
With ACT Group’s help, the students learned how to scan Yellow-Purple’s existing foot cast, then use that data to create a more efficient boot with sculpting software.The final boot design was printed on a 3-D printer using multiple materials，allowing the boot to be flexible enough for comfortable movement, yet hard enough to support the injured tendon.
The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walking almost back to normal.It was a great way to put science into practice.Celebrities like Ashton Kutcher shared Yellow-Purple’s story on Facebook, inspiring more than 1.5 million combined views.
1.What can we learn about African penguins?
A.They are very large in number.
B.They are dangerous species.
C.They are beautiful when young.
D.They are attractive to visitors.
2.Who came up with the idea of an updated support boot?
A.The ACT Group. B.Dr.Jen Flower.
C.Kelly Matis. D.Sue Prince.
3.What preparation work was done before the students got the ACT Group’s help?
A.They reached school on time.
B.They held a meeting to discuss the problem.
C.They paid a visit to Yellow-Purple.
D.They contacted the ACT Group for supplies.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The development of 3-D printing
B.A penguin benefiting from high-tech
C.An effort to put science into practice
D.A software that can design
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章介绍了人们通过3-D打印技术帮助小企鹅Yellow-Purple改善支撑靴，让它恢复健康的故事。
1D　【答案】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“they are very popular with the Aquarium’s visitors”可知，非洲企鹅很受游客欢迎。故选D。
2B　【答案】细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句Dr.Jen Flower...to help better the boot可知，Jen Flower医生想出了更新支撑靴的办法。故选B。
3C　【答案】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“seven middle school...ACT Group”可知，学生们在得到ACT集团的帮助前去看了这只企鹅。故选C。
4B　【答案】标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了人们使用3-D打印技术帮助小企鹅改善支撑靴，使它恢复健康的故事，所以B项“一只受益于高科技的企鹅”是本文的最佳标题。故选B。
五
Andrew Grey doesn’t fit most people’s idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope.
Mr.Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries，only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.
“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in，” says Chris Lintott, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and co-founder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field，from ecology to astrophysics.
“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，”Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans，particularly amateur scientists, don’t stay focused on what they’re supposed to.And that’s good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”
“And citizen science doesn’t have to be directed by a scientist，” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed them can also be citizen scientists，” she says.That’s what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.
Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.
As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says，“People think that we’re intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”
1.What made citizen scientists appear?
A.The high level of science projects.
B.The development of technology.
C.The support of the government.
D.The foundation of Zooniverse.
2.What is a human advantage in pattern recognition compared with machines?
A.Humans can identify patterns more swiftly.
B.Humans focus their attention on data.
C.Humans can observe uncommon things.
D.Humans have stronger emotions.
3.What is Lintott’s attitude towards citizen science?
A.Favorable. B.Cautious.
C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful.
4.What would be the best title of the text?
A.Citizen scientists can be intelligent
B.Science is important to everyone
C.Anyone can be a scientist
D.Science is everywhere
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学做出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。
1B　【答案】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。
2C　【答案】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And that’s good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。
3A【答案】观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that we’re intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。
4C　【答案】标题判断题。文章第一段以澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学的看法，再结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都有可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。
六
In a world where nearly 6 million fingerprint records of government employees are stolen in one computer hack (非法入侵), and here millions of people are victims of identity theft every year, the next step in cybersecurity may well be mapping your brain.
Researchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York are working on a biometric (生物特征识别的) system that records how your brain reacts to certain images.With a little more polishing, the scientists’ brainchild could become the way you get into a safe deposit box, your office or past scanners at the airport.It could replace the password for your online banking，your email or your social media accounts.
They started their project by measuring the brain waves of 30 subjects.The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes (电极) attached to it, and then shown various images and symbols—celebrity faces, words, pictures of food—on a computer screen in 200-millisecond bursts.The brain’s reaction was recorded.
The idea is that every time a person needs to use a “password”， he or she goes through the same procedure, and the results are matched with their first-time reaction.If the “brainprint” is compromised—like what happened with the fingerprint records—then the system is merely reset by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves.“Even if that was stolen, you could just cancel it and record one to something else，”says professor Laszlo.
Laszlo and her team have shown that their system can be 100 percent accurate.So one of the more difficult parts of making the system practical already has been overcome.Now, they’re spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes, which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses.They’re also working with cheaper materials and different methods to see if they can bring the cost down.
1.What does the underlined word “brainchild” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The brain function.
B.The fingerprint record.
C.The biometric system.
D.The online password.
2.Why were the images and symbols shown to the subjects?
A.To create their brainprints.
B.To check the brain’s reaction.
C.To match brainprints with pictures.
D.To connect brain waves to electrodes.
3.What will happen when a brainprint fails?
A.A spare one will be ready beforehand.
B.A new one will be set again.
C.The users’ security will be leaked.
D.The fingerprint record will replace it.
4.What are the researchers doing with the program now?
A.Making it user-friendly.
B.Improving its accuracy.
C.Recording more brainprints.
D.Increasing the number of electrodes.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。网络安全越来越重要，科学家也在研究新的网络安全密码——脑印。
1C　【答案】词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，此处指科学家为应对信息被盗而研究的新发明——一种生物特征识别系统。
2A　【答案】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The subjects were fitted with a cap that...The brain’s reaction was recorded”可推断，向实验对象展示各种图像和符号，记录他们大脑的反应，就是为了获得脑印，故答案为A。
3B　【答案】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If the‘brainprint’is compromised...and collecting a different set of brain waves”可知，如果一个脑印被破坏了，系统就会重置，重录一个新的脑印，故答案为B。
4A　【答案】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now，they’re spending much time recording...to see if they can bring the cost down”可知，他们目前在努力简化该系统，并降低成本，这些可以总结为让这个系统更方便为用户所用，故答案为A。
七
Step into Moving to Mars, an exhibition of Mars mission and colony design at London’s Design Museum, and immediately you have good reasons not to move there.
Frightening texts on the walls announce that Mars wasn’t made for you；that there is no life and precious little water；that，dressed in a spacesuit, you will never touch, taste or smell the planet you now call “home”.As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago, “What’s different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die.”
It is an odd beginning for such a celebratory exhibition, but it provides a valuable, dark background against which the rest of the show can sparkle (闪耀)—a show that is, as its chief manager Justin McGuirk remarks，“not about Mars；this is an exhibition about people”.
Moving along, there is a quick yet clear flash through what the science fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson calls “the history of Mars in the human mind”.A Babylonian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak of early ideas about the planet.A poster for the original Total Recall film reminds us of Mars’s psychological threat.
The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and models of 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clothing and furniture.Mission architecture and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant for the International Space Station are wall-mounted (固定在墙上的) beside a low-gravity table that has yet to leave and may indeed never leave Earth.
This, of course, is the great strength of approaching science through design: reality and assumptions can be given equal visual weight, drawing us into an informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.How to move to Mars.
B.How to survive on Mars.
C.What preparations we made for Mars.
D.What the exhibition of Mars truly tells us.
2.What can we learn from Lisa Grossman?
A.It’s impractical to live on Mars.
B.It’s no good settling on Mars.
C.You have nothing to do when living on Mars.
D.You can live on Mars in a spacesuit.
3.What does the exhibition focus on?
A.The current plans for Mars.
B.The advantages of living on Mars.
C.The early ideas about Mars.
D.The history of Mars in the human mind.
4.What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.A story. B.An opinion.
C.A fantasy. D.A solution.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个名为“移居火星”的展览的相关内容；此展览主要展示了有关火星任务及移民设计方面的情况。
1D　【答案】主旨大意题。文章第一段是文章的总述部分，第二至第五段详细介绍了展览的相关内容。结合尾段作者的观点可知，本文主要是关于“移居火星”展览真正告诉我们的信息。故选D。
2A　【答案】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What’s different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die”可知，在火星上人类除了努力地活着之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切实际的。故选A。
3A　【答案】细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet”可知，这个展览的主要部分是我们目前关于这颗红色星球的计划。故选A。
4B　【答案】推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，该段表述作者对这个展览的看法。故选B。
七选五
一
Much like the season itself, the fresh fruits of the summer often don’t remain long as we want them to.All too often, you reach into the fridge and find that the strawberries you purchased just a few days ago have turned moldy (发霉的).__1__
Vinegar has an extensive and ever-increasing list of household uses.Because it is non-poisonous, unlike other washes, it can be used to clean fresh fruits.__2__ Putting the fruit in the mixture of one part vinegar and three parts water can remove 98 percent of bacteria.It will make the fruit much cleaner than it was when washed with an antibacterial wash or with water alone.__3__
By following the same process, you can prevent the growth of mold for far longer than if you haven’t washed them with the mixture.But be careful: this trick doesn’t kill any mold that has already grown.__4__ Besides, try to make the strawberries as dry as possible before storing them in the fridge.You can pat them dry with paper towel, and then pack them away in a clean container.
__5__ Actually, there is a simple solution to your concern.A thorough wash with plain water afterward will ensure there are no unwanted tastes left.
A.So make sure you do it before they go bad.
B.Yet, many washes can keep them fresh longer.
C.You may worry your berries will taste like vinegar.
D.So you may not really need those pricey washes at all.
E.It is even more effective in cleaning fruits than most washes.
F.You’d better use vinegar to wash the berries before enjoying them.
G.A new trick, however, can greatly expand their shelf life using vinegar.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何用醋清洗水果以防止其变质。
1.G　【答案】根据第二段首句“Vinegar has an extensive and ever-increasing list of household uses.”中的“Vinegar”可知，前文需要提到这个词，因此根据该空前的“the strawberries you purchased just a few days ago have turned moldy(发霉的)”可知，该空需要表明醋的防霉作用。G项能够衔接前后两句话。故选G。
2.E　【答案】根据该空前的“unlike other washes”以及该空后一句“Putting the fruit in the mixture of one part vinegar and three parts water can remove 98 percent of bacteria.”可知，这里需要表明使用醋清洗水果要比单单使用水来清洗水果更加有效。E项能够衔接前后两句话。故选E。
3.D　【答案】根据空格前一句“It will make the fruit much cleaner than it was when washed with an antibacterial wash or with water alone.”中的“It”及“with an antibacterial wash”可知，前一句表明使用醋清洗比使用专门的抗菌剂清洗更有效，且不需要花太多的费用。D项能承接上文，总结表述。故选D。
4.A　【答案】根据该空前一句“But be careful：this trick doesn’t kill any mold that has already grown.”可知，当水果已经发霉的时候，用醋清洗是没有效果的。A项能够承接上文。故选A。
5.C　【答案】根据该空后一句“Actually，there is a simple solution to your concern.”可知，该空需要表明“担忧”(concern)是什么。C项能与下文衔接；且C项中的“taste like vinegar”和本段最后一句中的“unwanted tastes”相呼应。故选C。
写作
克隆是一项全新的生物技术，人们对克隆持有不同意见，根据下面表格里的内容写一篇议论文。
赞同的观点
反对的观点
你的观点
1.是一项新科技，能够治病救人；
2．应用于许多领域。
1.违背了自然法则；
2．许多国家和国际组织严禁克隆人。
……
　　参考词汇：生物科技biotechnology; 禁止ban
【范文必背】
①As is known to all(众所周知)，there are many different/diverse/various opinions about cloning.
Some people think that cloning is a new biotechnology，②which can be used to cure many diseases like cancer(这能被用来治愈很多像癌症一样的疾病)，and it also can be applied in many fields.
On the contrary，some other people hold the view that cloning，especially human cloning，is unnatural；③that is，it goes against the rules of nature(也就是说，它违背自然规律)．In reality，many countries and international organizations pass laws to ban human cloning.
In my opinion，cloning can be encouraged to develop，but ④some measures should be taken to(应该采取一些措施来) establish international agreements on banning human cloning.