2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型分类练四推理判断题__写作意图类

阅读理解题型分类练(四)　推理判断题——写作意图类

A

[2022·厦门市高三第二次质量检测]

I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.

Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu­Yandu Dao (the Sichuan to India trading route), the Southern Silk Road, the travels of the 17th­century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake，the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th­century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang.

I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, get off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.

We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.

Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.

Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures.

1．How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan?

A．Scared.    B．Puzzled.

C．Disappointed.    D．Surprised.

2．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from Paragraph 2?

A．He was a Western journalist.

B．He had a knowledge of China.

C．He came to China several times.

D．He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance.

3．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?

A．They honored the ancestors.

B．They set off in high spirits.

C．They satisfied the locals' curiosity.

D．They built bonds with people.

4．What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text?

A．To share and reflect on a journey.

B．To suggest a new way of travel.

C．To advocate the protection of biodiversity.

D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture.

B

[2022·济南市高三十校联考]

History never stops moving. It develops and it is fluid (易变的). What history looks like today is different from what it looked like a hundred years ago, and what today's history in the making looks like now may be seen differently just 20 years from now.

When combing the past and the present for a list such as the 100 People Who Changed the World, there are criteria to consider, to be sure, but there are no hard and fast rules. There are judgments to be made, but there are no certain truths. Our list was less a hardened document than a current collection—a collection of men and women who, for better and sometimes for worse, have made a clear mark on our civilization. Such a list is by necessity subjective and open to delicious debate.

But while history may be fluid, it does tend to be clarified over time. The significance of Aristotle or Catherine the Great is easy to see from here. And certainly, the importance of some of history's great characters such as Mother Teresa and Pablo Picasso was apparent to their contemporaries. Others were largely invisible in their own time. Their contributions were realized only long after they were gone: Karl Marx died in 1883, many years before his writings would inspire powerful communist societies; Alan Turing, who died lonely and painful, is now regarded as the brilliant father of the computer.

Perhaps the most interesting part of this exercise is thinking about the final impact of present­day figures. Steve Jobs makes the list by virtue of his influence on high tech and our daily lives. But what of Mark Zuckerberg? His impact is huge, and he has made it possible for billions of people to come together. But the social media site has also made it easier to drive society apart, upsetting the news business.

Will the moment last? Only time will tell. History will move unavoidably forward; our questions today will have answers tomorrow. And lists like these will change—again and again and again.

5．What do we know about the list of “the 100 People Who Changed the World”？

A．It needs to be objective.

B．It is based on strict criteria.

C．It should be accepted by all.

D．It keeps changing with history.

6．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Some people's contributions may be recognized much later.

B．Most people couldn't be acknowledged at their own time.

C．History will change and giants' deeds will fade away.

D．The important figures always stand out easily.

7．What can be Mark Zuckerberg's impact on the world?

A．Positive.    B．Mixed.

C．Negative.    D．Uncertain.

8．What is the purpose of this text?

A．To educate readers.

B．To persuade readers.

C．To inform readers.

D．To describe something.

C

[2022·合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测]

Earth is in the middle of an insect crisis, with thousands of species declining over the past several decades. Scientists have often blamed this on habitat loss or pesticide (杀虫剂) use. But a new study of butterflies in the western United States has found that warmer fall weather may be an equal, if not more, of a factor.

Over the past four decades, more than 450 butterfly species have declined at an average rate of nearly 2 percent a year, according to a study published in Science. It's already known that the western monarch butterfly has plummeted in population by 99.9 percent and was recently denied protection by Endangered Species Act in the U．S. But the study revealed lesser­known species, like the Boisduval's blue and California's state insect, the California dogface butterfly, are heading toward extinction.

“The influence of climate change is driving those declines, which makes sense because they're so widespread，” says study leader Matthew Forister. To reach their troubling findings, the researchers combined databases of the butterfly count conducted by scientists and amateur insect enthusiasts at 72 locations in the western U．S. To focus on the contribution of climate change, the researchers made sure to include locations that were relatively undisturbed by agriculture and human development to limit the influence of other threats to butterflies such as habitat loss and pesticides.

More than 200 cities across the U．S. are experiencing warmer fall seasons. In Arizona, for instance, fall temperatures have risen by 0.2 degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1895. As for why warming falls are so harmful, it may be connected to butterflies' hibernation­like diapause (滞育) in the fall. Warmer temperatures could be forcing the insects, most of which live around a year, to stay awake longer and starve. In other words, they're “getting old and fragile and dying sooner”．

Given that butterflies are key pollinators (传花粉者), such declines predict bigger problems for plants and even whole ecosystems. Forister adds, “The climate effects will almost certainly affect many other insects, including bees.” And these effects will “damage” efforts to protect and restore butterfly habitat.

9．What does the underlined word “plummeted” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Recovered slowly.

B．Decreased sharply.

C．Escaped suddenly.

D．Evolved rapidly.

10．What did the researchers do in Paragraph 3?

A．They ruled out the effects of human activities.

B.They tried to protect the habitat of butterflies.

C．They refused to use amateurs' science data.

D．They identified other threats to butterflies.

11．How do warming falls affect butterflies?

A．They affect butterflies' natural life cycle.

B．They slow down butterflies' aging process.

C．They cause butterflies to lose more habitats.

D．They force butterflies to compete for survival.

12．What is the main purpose of the text?

A．To discuss the importance of butterfly species.

B．To suggest a way to fight against climate change.

C．To introduce new methods of studying butterflies.

D．To present a new factor in a species population decline.

阅读理解题型分类练(四)

A

语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——旅行——陪同环游世界的Paul Salopek游云南

【语篇解读】　作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。

1．答案与解析：D　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“I have to admit... in the world”可知，作者不得不承认，当第一次听说Paul Salopek要用自己的双脚环游世界时，他被震撼了。他无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。据此可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。

2．答案与解析：B　推断。根据第二段Paul Salopek的说话内容可知，Paul Salopek是第一次来中国。跟作者讲起其所在的中国地区的历史、迁移和发现时，Paul很激动。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马古道，以及20世纪初的美国植物学家Joseph Rock。他还谈到了玄奘。据此可推知，Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选B。

3．答案与解析：D　推断。根据第四段的内容可知，作者和Paul Salopek在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围绕着他们，看着他们；有些人给他们指路；有些人邀请他们去他们家休息；有些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。他们遇见了许多美好的人，朴素的人和温暖的人。据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选D。

4．答案与解析：A　理解目的。通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者写作的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。

B

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——历史——历史现象介绍

【语篇解读】　本文主要通过一些例子说明历史是易变的，时间会告诉我们一切，历史会不可避免地向前发展。

5．答案与解析：D　推断。根据第二段中的“When combing the... are no hard and fast rules”可知，关于“100位改变世界的人”虽然有一些标准，但没有硬性规定，故可推知它是随历史不断变化的。故选D项。

6．答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“Others were largely... they were gone”可知，有些人的贡献可能会在很久以后才得到承认。故选A项。

7．答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“But what of... upsetting the news business”可知， Mark Zuckerberg使数十亿人聚集在一起成为可能，但这个社交网站也使社会分裂变得更容易，扰乱了新闻行业。由此可推知， Mark Zuckerberg的影响既有积极的，又有消极的，故其影响是混合的。故选B项。

8．答案与解析：C　理解目的。分析全文内容可知，文章主要通过一些例子说明历史是易变的，时间会告诉我们一切，历史会不可避免地向前发展。所以纵观全文来看，文章的目的就是告知读者一种历史现象。故选C项。

C

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——生态环境——暖秋是蝴蝶数量下降的又一因素

【语篇解读】　人们常将物种减少归咎于生物栖息地的丧失和杀虫剂的使用。新的研究表明，秋季气候变暖是蝴蝶这一物种数量下降的又一重要因素。

9．答案与解析：B　理解词汇。根据第二段第一句中的“Over the past... 2 percent a year”可知，在过去的40年里，450多种蝴蝶的数量以平均每年近2%的速度减少。再结合该段中的“in population by 99.9 percent”可知，西方帝王蝶的数量已经下降了99.9%。B项“陡然下降”与画线词的意思最为接近，故选B项。

10．答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第三段尾句“To focus on... loss and pesticides”可知，研究人员排除了农业和人类发展对蝴蝶的影响，例如栖息地的丧失和杀虫剂的使用等。

11．答案与解析：A　推断。根据第四段中的“As for why... and dying sooner”可知，秋季气候变暖导致蝴蝶醒着的时间更长，只能挨饿，它们死亡得更快了。据此可推知，暖秋影响着蝴蝶的自然生命周期。

12．答案与解析：D　理解目的。通读全文可知，第一段中的“But a new study of... of a factor”为全文主题句，再结合下文内容可知，本文旨在介绍导致蝴蝶数量下降的另一个因素。