钦州市2023年学科素养测试-物理-试卷

2023年钦州市初中学科素养测试参考答案

物  理

一、选择题（第1～13 题只有一个选项符合题目要求，选对得2分，选错得0分。第14～16题有多个选项符合题目要求，全部选对得3分，选对但不全得2分，有选错得0分,共35分）

二、填空题（每空1分，共12分）

17．正 扩散  18．折射 紫外线  19．聚变 电磁

20．凸 照相机 21．保温 1.1×105   22．200 4×103

三、作图题（共4分）

23．（1）（2分）正确画出重力示意图得2分；

（2）（2分）正确画出AB所成像得2分。

四、实验与探究题（共20分）

24.（5分）（1）乙 ＞  （2）力臂 不能 F1 l1 = F2 l2 

25.（6分）（1）84 不变 （2）竖直 同一平面 （3）磁场 （4）条形 

26.（7分）（1）零刻度线 右 （2）22.2 6 3.7×103 

（3）仍然准确  （4）

27.（7分）（1） （2）B 断路 （3）0.14 12.5 （4）温度 

（5）

五、计算应用题（共24分）注：其它方法正确请参照各步骤给分。

28.（6分）解：

（1）由得，汽车匀速行驶的距离：

··························································2分

（2）由得，汽车牵引力所做的功：

··························································2分

（3）完全燃烧1kg汽油放出的热量：

··························································1分

发动机的效率···············································1分

29.（8分）解：

（1）闭合开关，当R接入电路阻值为零时，电路中只有R0工作，电路电流最大。

则U0 = U总= 9 V，由得

定值电阻···················································2分

（2）由乙图可知，当水位达到警戒水位40 cm时，R = 15 Ω，

R总= R + R0 = 15 Ω + 30 Ω = 45 Ω

电流表示数·················································2分

（3）监测的水位最高···········································时，R接入阻值为零，电路中只有R0工作，此时电路电功率：

            ①···················································1分

监测的水位最低时，R接入阻值最大，电路为R0与Rmax串联，此时电路电功率：

      ②························································1分

由于监测的水位最高与最低时，电路电功率之比P1∶P2= 3∶1

联合①②解得：Rmax= 60 Ω····································1分

故装置能监测的水位高度差·····································1分

30.（10分）

（1）物体的体积·················································1分

物体浸没，则V排=V物

·························································2分

（2）当物体露出水面6 cm时，容器中水面下降高度：

··························································1分

水对容器底部的压强变化量

···························································2分

（3）当时，物体浸没在液体中，为保证液体刚好不溢出，

则容器内液体的体积V液=V容-V物= Sh- S1h1 ·························1分

由得，液体的质量············································1分

当，物体漂浮在液体中，即

为保证液体刚好不溢出，容器内液体的体积···························1分

液体的质量·················································1分