还剩23页未读，
继续阅读
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
2022-2023学年山东省济宁市高二（下）期中英语试卷含解析
展开
这是一份2022-2023学年山东省济宁市高二（下）期中英语试卷含解析，共26页。
2022-2023学年山东省济宁市高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
A
Discover the best things to do in Beijing with our round-up of art and exhibitions，performances and popular activities.
Jazz With JLCO and Wynton Marsalis
Jazz at Lincon Centre Orchesra and trumpet master Wynton Marsalis will join hands to tour three Chinese cities：Shenzhen，Beijing and Tianjin in April，bringing the most popular jazz music from the US.Their Beijing stop will be on March 20，at the Forbidden City Concert Hall.
If you go：7：30 p.m.April 24.
Ticket：180-1，080 yuan
Chen Sa Piano Recital
Chinese pianist Chen Sa has appeared at many music festivals，including the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival and the Purl Piano Festival.The performance at the National Centre for the Performing Arts features the melodies of French composer Debussy.
If you go：7：30 p.m.December 20.
Ticket：80-500 yuan
African Wood Carvings
African art motivated artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse in the early 20th century.But besides art，the continent has a long and rich heritage of wood carving.Tree of Life，an exhibition at the National Art Museum of China，features African wood carvings from countries such as Tanzania，Mozambique and Benin.
If you go：9 a.m.-5 p.m.January 21.
Ticket：Free
Another Way of Telling
This exhibition，staged at the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre，shows almost 100 works of Anna Fox and Karen Knorr，two leading documentary photographers in the UK.It features different series of works，such as photographs discussing problems of social classes，working environments，and self-awareness.
If you go：10 a.m.-5 p.m.January 6.
Ticket：60 yuan
1. When can we enjoy music composed by Debussy？ ______
A. At 3 p.m.January 6. B. At 10 a.m.January 21.
C. At 7：30 p.m.April 24. D. At 7：30 p.m.December 20.
2. What can we do at the Tree of Life exhibition？ ______
A. Enjoy classical music.
B. Appreciate Pablo Picasso's works.
C. Learn basic skills of wood carving.
D. Get to know a special art form from Tanzania.
3. Where will Karen Knorr's works be exhibited？ ______
A. At the Forbidden City Concert Hall.
B. At the National Art Museum of China.
C. At the National Centre for the Performing Arts.
D. At the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre.
B
From the top of Mount Qomolangma to the bottom of the Mariana Trench，plastic continues to pollute the environment，and it creates a significant threat to all life forms on Earth.Despite knowing the effects of plastic pollution，we have not been able to ban the use of plastic products.Now，thanks to the invention of a 17-year-old girl，Arora，we finally have a better choice.This plastic-like material is made from prawn （大虾） shells，and it breaks down 1.5 million times faster than most of the commercial plastic products we use today.
The Australian teen first became aware of the impact of plastic waste on the environment when shopping with her mother.She wondered why her mother had to pay for the plastic bags.When asked，the cashier informed her how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to encourage people not to use it.This inspired Arora to create a kind of plastic that would break down faster than the conventional one.
But the journey of inventing "eco-friendly plastic" was not easy.She experimented with a number of organic materials such as cornflour and banana peels，both of which had to be ruled out because of their solubility （溶解性）.One night，while having dinner，she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky.She immediately went to the lab to research.Later，she would describe that dinner as her "Eureka" moment.
She extracted the material called "chitin" from the shells and then mixed it with an insoluble protein called "fibroin"，which is found in silk cocoons.Using the combination of these two organic materials，Arora created a plastic-like material that breaks down completely within just 33 days.Moreover，this plastic releases nitrogen when breaking down，which is why it can be used as plant fertilizer.
Arora's invention has caused a stir，and she has won a number of awards.As an inspiring young woman，Arora wants to make a difference in the world，and she wants to encourage other young people to follow their passion and make a positive difference however they can.
4. What inspired Arora to create a kind of special plastic？ ______
A. A cashier's words about paid plastic bags.
B. Her determination to protect the prawns.
C. A class about plastic's impact on the planet.
D. Her plan to save money on plastic products.
5. What could be a "Eureka" moment？ ______
A. A moment of needing reflection.
B. A moment of finding the truth.
C. A moment of having sudden inspiration.
D. A moment of enjoying the celebration.
6. What can be known about the new plastic in paragraph 4？ ______
A. It is made from non-organic materials.
B. It can break down totally in a month.
C. It can be used to help plants to grow.
D. It is extracted from an insoluble protein.
7. Which of the following can best describe Arora？ ______
A. Brave and clever. B. Creative and inspiring.
C. Active and considerate. D. Humorous and friendly.
C
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need，parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the Internet and social media for parenting advice.A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager，and chances are，the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles.The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children's development，both academically and emotionally.
A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting，where parents are much too focused on their children.They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own，like selecting activities and friends for them.Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently.Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry（洗衣），clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork.Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand，parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children weren't given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.They were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework.Living in the pre-internet age，parents were less informed about different parenting methods，and personalities.
There is no one right way to raise a child.Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering，who are supportive but not controlling，and who protect but not care too much.
8. What does the author explain by mentioning"an infant"and"a moody teenager"in paragraph 2？ ______
A. Devotion to kids. B. Tricky parenting problems.
C. Effective parenting. D. Easy access to guidance.
9. What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting？ ______
A. Flexible. B. Efficient. C. Over involved. D. Conventional.
10. What do we know about parents in the past？ ______
A. They educated kids in a rigid way.
B. They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
C. They overestimated their kids' independence.
D. They tended to stay away from social activities.
11. What's the author's attitude towards the two parenting modes mentioned in the passage？ ______
A. Subjective. B. Opposed. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
D
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world，what is less often heard is that stories change science，and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario （剧情） planning in Futures Studies，which shapes our ideas about the future，and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne's submarine or the satellites of 2001 Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis， "Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about technoscientific projects such as robotics or space exploration".Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash，Neal Stephenson's novel，has impacted what we now call the Metaverse （元宇宙）？
Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes （原型） in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly，it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene （干预） in the future.
Alex McDowell，Creator of the Minority Report worldbuilding in 2002，and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can bring to the table：
The richness of "storyworlds" — the "universes" within which stories take place — provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story，and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly，the relationship of futures narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And，therefore，prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world，we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.
12. What is the text mainly about？ ______
A. The storyworlds created by science fictions.
B. Artifacts and technologies in science fictions.
C. Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
D. The relation between science and science fictions.
13. What is the most important role of science fiction？ ______
A. It provides us with technologies and tools.
B. It allows us to establish reasonable future.
C. It decides our thinking and affects the future.
D. It helps us learn the rules of fictional world.
14. What do we know about "storyworlds"？ ______
A. There are general rules for a single story.
B. They are the "universes" where stories happen.
C. There are no regulations or guiding systems.
D. They have a potential context within a story.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Science fiction narratives can construct future worlds.
B. The science of future intervenes in today's science.
C. Objects can't be constructed by words or symbols.
D. Scholars care little about narratives about future.
Efficient ways to improve your speech
Find it difficult to make a wonderful speech in public？（1） ______
Use more facial expressions
One psychologist feels that our facial expression is responsible more than anything else for the impression others have of us.A smile in which the eyes participate is extremely communicative.（2） ______ People tend to mirror your expression，so try to show how you feel about a topic or an idea through your facial expression.
Get rid of your inner fear
（ 3） ______ The way to handle it is to put it to work for you，get into action，as Shakespeare observed，action cures fear.The first is to admit it.Do the thing you fear and it will be the death of fear itself.Another simple aid at the last minute before you begin，is to take a few deep breaths.This will help get the butterflies in formation and also keep your voice under control.
Polish your voice
Our voice is the main instrument we possess for communicating with people.So invest in a tape recorder，practice your speech by speaking it into the microphone and then listen to it.You can even have others join in the evaluation of your strong points and your weaknesses or faults as well.Simply reading a newspaper，a magazine or stories to your children out loud can help.（4） ______
Strengthen your memory
Psychologists tell us that most individuals don't use above ten percent of their inherent capacity for memory.How to enhance the power of memory？First，have a burning desire to remember.It's difficult to recall anything without wanting to do so.（5） ______ Our success depends greatly on our ability to concentrate.The next principle is repetition，we learned many things in school by repetition.
A.Step number two is concentration.
B.Here are some efficient ways to improve your speech.
C.A frown often brings the same thing in return.
D.Reading aloud cannot necessarily help you develop a personal style.
E.Your emphasis，pausing，pace and even pitch can improve.
F.It's natural to have some tension when you appear before an audience.
G.The more associations you make with the brain，the easier it becomes.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
My high school life was a very fulfilling one.Apart from studying in class，I got a part-time job at a local （1） ______ shop.I hoped it would be easy，and for the most part，（ 2） ______ .I imagined myself pouring coffee and becoming close friends with my customers.
But what I hadn't （3） ______ was the people with so many orders and the moments when I couldn't seem to （4） ______ anyone.There was always too much sugar，too little ice，or not enough skim milk. （5） ______ ，I kept at it.
One day，one of my customers dropped in，（ 6） ______ .Before he left，I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He looked at me （7） ______ because he had ordered nothing but the coffee.He opened the bag and saw his favorite doughnut （甜甜圈） I had （8） ______ him.He smiled and thanked me before （9） ______ out into the rain.
The next evening，he came.Instead of （10） ______ something，he handed me a single pink rose and a note. "Thanks for being so sweet and （11） ______ yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who is warm.Please don't （12） ______ your ways because I truly believe that you will do better.Have a great day!"
As time went on，I did （13） ______ some customers really particular.But whenever I felt cast down，that man and his kindness would occur to me.Then I would （14） ______ ，hold my head up high，clear my throat and ask politely， "How can I （15） ______ you？"
21. A. fashion B. coffee C. bakery D. furniture
22. A. flexible B. romantic C. back-breaking D. stress-free
23. A. expected B. detected C. grasped D. managed
24. A. recognize B. reach C. please D. convince
25. A. Moreover B. However C. Instead D. Hence
26. A. excited B. rigid C. dynamic D. depressed
27. A. questioningly B. curiously C. gratefully D. angrily
28. A. assigned B. awarded C. given D. served
29. A. coming B. heading C. storming D. sliding
30. A. ordering B. whispering C. reporting D. obtaining
31. A. outgoing B. straightforward
C. thoughtful D. tolerant
32. A. continue B. keep C. improve D. change
33. A. inquire about B. come across C. knock into D. hear of
34. A. smile B. pray C. weep D. sigh
35. A. treat B. thank C. contact D. help
36. I don't have much ______ （同情） for her —I think she's brought her troubles on herself.
37. She wanted to work for a bigger and more ______ （有影响力的） newspaper.
38. There's a growing ______ （认可） that our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
39. We ought to hire several public relationship ______ （顾问） to help improve our image.
40. Cheating on exams can be no longer ______ （容忍） again.
41. When you finish your essay，you'd better turn to your teacher to p ______ it，which makes it more readable.
42. According to the report s ______ by researchers，about 23 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
43. On Wednesday，a polar wind brought b ______ cold to the Midwest.
44. The company will r ______ him for his years of service with a grand farewell party and several presents.
45. I'm sorry to d ______ you so late，but my car's broken down and I don't have my phone with me.
46. I was walking around the woods when I found a poor dog ______ （ abandon） there.
47. ______ （ fortune），many documents，masterpieces，and personal papers with regard to these questions are preserved in time.
48. Since the time humankind started gardening，we ______ （try） to make our environment more beautiful.
49. Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of ______ frequently threw garbage into the river.
50. The purpose of education is______（develop） a fine personality in children.
51. 假如你是李华，4月22日，第54个"世界地球日"即将来临，主题为"众生的地球（Earth for All）"。请你用英语写一封倡议书向你校英文报投稿，内容包括：
（1）发出倡议的缘由；
（2）如何保护地球；
（3）号召大家一起行动。
注意：
（1）词数80词左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）参考词汇：世界地球日：World Earth Day
Dear fellows，
52. 阅读下面材料，根据具体内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my birthday that day，and my grandfather gave me a gift—a piggy bank.It had an opening through which one could put money in，but the opening was not big enough to reach in and get the money out.The only way to get the money was to break the piggy hank open.My grandfather explained that was the whole idea.And he added. "The piggy bank would help save your money so that，at the end of the year，you might have enough for that bike you dreamed about." He asked if I would put some of the money he gave me into the piggy bank.I agreed immediately and promised sincerely， "I wouldn't break it open until I could afford my dream bike."
Whenever my grandfather gave me some pocket money，he would say， "This is for spending.But you can save some and put it in the piggy bank if you want to save it up." When he gave me larger amounts，it was clear for me to save the extra money in the piggy bank.For some time，this worked fine.I loved shaking the piggy hank and hearing the sound of the coins.As it became heavier，I grew more excited，dreaming about buying my new bike，and all the adventures I could have on it.
Whenever I wanted to take some money from the piggy bank to buy delicious ice-creams or beautiful presents.I would imagine riding my bike on the street，and thinking of that，my thoughts about buying those things went away.So for almost three years.I had only put money into the piggy hank without taking any out.I thought I wouldn't break my piggy hank for anything.Bat one day something unexpected happened.I saw a piece of news on the television that a serious earthquake had happened in a nearby province.As many houses were destroyed，a lot of children became homeless.Seeing their shabby clothes and crying faces.I was sleepless that night.Staring at my piggy bank.I was thinking about what I could do with it.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为50左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next morning.I took out my piggy bank and shook it.
______
Hearing the noise.my grandfather came over.
______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二节Chen Sa Piano Recital中The performance at the National Centre for the Performing Arts features the melodies of French composer Debussy.（这场在国家大剧院上演的演出以法国作曲家德彪西的旋律为特色。）及 If you go：7：30 p.m. ，December 20.（如果你去：12月20日晚上7：30）可知，在12月20日晚上7点半可以欣赏德彪西创作的音乐。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三节African Wood Carvings中Tree of Life，an exhibition at the National Art Museum of China，features African wood carvings from countries such as Tanzania，Mozambique and Benin.（在中国美术馆举办的"生命之树"展览，展出了来自坦桑尼亚、莫桑比克和贝宁等国家的非洲木雕作品。）可知，在生命之树展览会上可以了解一种来自坦桑尼亚的特殊艺术形式。 A.Enjoy classical music.欣赏古典音乐；B.Appreciate Pablo Picasso's works.欣赏巴勃罗毕加索的作品；C.Learn basic skills of wood carving.学习木雕基本功；D.Get to know a special art form from Tanzania.了解一种来自坦桑尼亚的特殊艺术形式。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一节Another Way of Telling中This exhibition，staged at the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre，shows almost 100 works of Anna Fox and Karen Knorr，two leading documentary photographers in the UK.（本次展览在三影摄影艺术中心举行，展出了英国两位著名纪实摄影师Anna Fox和Karen Knorr近100幅作品。）可知，Karen Knorr的作品将在三影摄影艺术中心展出。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在北京最值得去看的几处艺术和展览、表演和热门活动。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4~7.【答案】A、C、C、B
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段的"When asked，the cashier informed her how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to encourage people not to use it.This inspired Arora to create a kind of plastic that would break down faster than the conventional one."当被问到时，收银员告诉她塑料对地球有多大的伤害，而且额外的收费是为了鼓励人们不要使用塑料。这激发了Arora创造出一种比传统塑料分解更快的塑料。可知，收银员关于付费塑料袋的话激发了Arora创造一种特殊塑料袋的灵感。故选A.
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段的"One night，while having dinner，she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky.She immediately went to the lab to research.Later，she would describe that dinner as her "Eureka" moment. "有天晚上吃晚饭的时候，她注意到虾壳看起来像塑料，她立马去实验室进行了研究。后来，她把那顿晚餐形容为她的 "Eureka" 时刻。可知， "Eureka" 时刻是她突然产生灵感的时刻。故选C.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Moreover，this plastic releases nitrogen when breaking down，which is why it can be used as plant fertilizer."这种塑料在分解的时候可以释放氮元素，这就是为什么它可以用作植物肥料。可知，这种新塑料可以帮助植物生长。故选C.
（4）B.推理判断题。从全文内容可知，Arora 发明了可快速分解的类似塑料的材料，故她是有创造力的；又根据最后一段她对青少年的激励可推知，Arora 是鼓舞人心的。A.Brave and clever勇敢和聪明的；B.Creative and inspiring有创造性和鼓舞人心的；C.Active and considerate积极体贴的；D.Humorous and friendly幽默而友好的。故选B.
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了17岁的女孩Arora为了保护环境并减少塑料污染发明了类似塑料的材料。它是由虾壳制成的，它的分解速度比我们今天使用的大多数商业塑料产品快150万倍。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
8~11.【答案】D、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager，and chances are，the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles（父母可以发布问题，从如何管理婴儿不断的哭声到如何与喜怒无常的青少年交谈，很有可能，父母会立即被建议和相关文章淹没。）可知，作者在第二段中提到"婴儿"和"喜怒无常的少年"，是为了解释现代父母可以通过互联网轻松获得指导。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting，where parents are much too focused on their children.（一种现代的育儿方式是"直升机式育儿"，父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。）以及They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own，like selecting activities and friends for them，or calling their teachers about homework matters.（他们帮助孩子们完成他们自己能够完成的任务，比如为他们选择活动和朋友，或者打电话给他们的老师讨论作业问题。）可知，"直升机式育儿"的方式中，在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中On the other hand，parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.（另一方面，过去的父母往往监督较少。孩子们在如何管理学业和选择朋友方面有了更多的控制权。）可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。故选B。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段 There is no one right way to raise a child.Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering，who are supportive but not controlling，and who protect but not care too much.（养育孩子没有一种正确的方式。每个孩子都是独一无二的，父母应该以不同的方式养育，他们在场但不流浪，他们支持但不控制，他们保护但不太在乎。）可知作者以客观的态度对比了过去和现代的育儿方式。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着社会的变化，父母的育儿方式也发生着变化，对比了过去和现代的育儿方式。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】C、C、B、A
【解析】（1）主旨大意题。由本文第一段的内容There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world，what is less often heard is that stories change science，and therefore the future.（科幻小说和科学之间有着深刻的联系。人们常说故事改变世界，但很少有人说故事改变科学，进而改变未来。）及最后一段的内容Lastly，the relationship of futures narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And，therefore，prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world，we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.（最后，一些学者强调了未来叙事与社会建构主义等理论的关系。这一社会学理论的中心思想是，每当我们使用词语或其他符号来指代我们世界中的物体时，我们都在构建它们。因此，预测也是一种社会建构。在叙述中，我们介入了世界。在叙述世界的过程中，我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时，我们介入了未来科学。）可知本文主要讲述了科幻小说叙事影响未来的研究。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第四段中But most importantly，it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene （干预） in the future.（但最重要的是，它决定了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。）可知科幻小说最重要的作用是它决定我们的思维，影响我们的未来。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。由本文倒数第二段The richness of "storyworlds" — the "universes" within which stories take place — provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story，and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.（丰富的"故事世界"---故事发生的"宇宙"---为我们提供了背景的详细规则，在这个背景中，一个更大的现实展开，延伸到单个故事之外，并有可能为我们提供对管理这些世界的潜在系统的更深入的了解。）可知，丰富的"故事世界"是故事发生在其中的"宇宙"。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中In narrating the world，we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.（在叙述世界的过程中，我们构建了世界，在写科幻小说时，我们介入了未来的科学。）可知，科幻小说叙述可以构建未来世界。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文，文章探讨了科幻小说和未来研究之间的关系，科幻小说帮助我们定义可能的未来，让我们了解虚构世界背后的规则，并决定我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。通过阅读本文可以引发我们对现实和未来关系的思考。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】B、C、F、E、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。上文Find it difficult to make a wonderful speech in public？（觉得在公共场合发表精彩演讲很难吗？）引出话题"演讲很难"；同时结合后文的四个小标题Use more facial expressions（使用更多的面部表情）；Get rid of your inner fear（摆脱内心的恐惧）；Polish your voice（改善说话的声音）和Strengthen your memory（加强记忆）可知，后文在讲述提高演讲的几种具体方法，故此处空格的内容应起到承上启下的作用，B选项"Here are some efficient ways to improve your speech.（以下是一些提高演讲水平的有效方法。）"符合语境。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。由第二段的小标题Use more facial expressions（使用更多的面部表情）以及上文A smile in which the eyes participate is extremely communicative.（蕴含眼神的微笑非常具有交流性。）和后文People tend to mirror your expression，so try to show how you feel about a topic or an idea through your facial expression.（人们倾向于表达和你一样的表情，所以试着通过你的面部表情来表达你对某个话题或想法的感觉。）可知，本段主要讲述面部表情在演讲中的重要性。C选项"A frown often brings the same thing in return.（皱眉往往也会带来同样的回报。）"中的"A frown"也是面部表情，并与上文的"A smile"相对应，符合语境。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。由第三段的小标题Get rid of your inner fear（摆脱内心的恐惧）和后文The way to handle it is to put it to work for you，get into action，as Shakespeare observed，action cures fear.（处理它的方法是让它为你工作，付诸行动，正如莎士比亚所说，行动可以治愈恐惧。）可知，此段主要讲述如何摆脱内心的恐惧。F选项"It's natural to have some tension when you appear before an audience.（当你出现在观众面前时，很自然会有一些紧张。）"中的tension就是后文中it所指代的内容，与fear表达的意思一致，放在句首用于引出后文，符合语境。故选F。
（4）推理判断题。由第四段小标题Polish your voice（改善说话的声音）和上文Our voice is the main instrument we possess for communicating with people.（我们的声音是我们与人交流的主要工具。）与Simply reading a newspaper，a magazine or stories to your children out loud can help.（只需大声给孩子读报纸、杂志或故事就可以了。）可知，本段主要讲的是如何改善说话的声音，E选项"Your emphasis，pausing，pace and even pitch can improve.（你的重点、停顿、速度甚至音高都可以提高。）"承接上文，表示通过前文的给孩子大声读报纸、讲故事等方式可以提高说话的重点、停顿等，符合语境。故选E。
（5）推理判断题。由第五段小标题Strengthen your memory（加强记忆）和上文First，have a burning desire to remember.It's difficult to recall anything without wanting to do so.（首先，有一种强烈的记忆欲望。如果没有记忆的欲望那回忆东西是很难的。）可知，本段主要讲述如何加强记忆，上文中的First表示第一点，又因后文Our success depends greatly on our ability to concentrate.（我们的成功很大程度上取决于我们的专注能力。）与上文表述内容不一致，说明此处讲的是另外一点，A选项"Step number two is concentration.（第二步就是专心致志。）"承接上文，Step number two是First的顺延，同时concentration又与后文中的concentrate相对应，符合语境。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种能够提高演讲能力的有效方法：使用更多的面部表情；摆脱内心的恐惧；改善说话的声音；加强记忆。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、A、C、B、D、A、C、B、A、C、D、B、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.fashion时尚；B.coffee咖啡；C.bakery烘焙；D.furniture家具。句意：除了在课堂上学习，我还在当地一家咖啡店找了份兼职工作。根据下文"pouring coffee"可知，作者在一家咖啡店兼职。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flexible灵活的；B.romantic浪漫的；C.back-breaking令人筋疲力尽的；D.stress-free没压力的。句意：我希望它会很简单，在很大程度上，没有压力。根据上文"I hoped it would be easy"可以推测，作者希望在咖啡店兼职大部分时间是轻松简单，没有压力的。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.expected预料；B.detected侦测；C.grasped抓住；D.managed管理。句意：但我没有预料到的是，有那么多人的订单，还有我似乎无法取悦任何人的时刻。根据下文"the people with so many orders and the moments"及上文"I hoped it would be easy，and for the most part，（ 2）_____."作者希望兼职轻松简单无压力可知，作者没有预料到，咖啡店的工作也是有挑战的。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.recognize识别；B.reach到达；C.please让……开心；D.convince说服。句意：但我没有预料到的是，有那么多人的订单，还有我似乎无法取悦任何人的时刻。根据上文"people with so many orders"可知，顾客的要求很多，作者很难让任何人都开心。故选C。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.Moreover此外；B.However然而；C.Instead相反；D.Hence因此。句意：然而，我坚持了下来。根据上文"There was always too much sugar，too little ice，or not enough skim milk."及"I kept at it."可知，尽管工作中备受挑战，作者还是坚持了下来，前后为转折关系。故选B。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.excited激动的；B.rigid死板的；C.dynamic精力充沛的；D.depressed沮丧的。句意：一天，我的一位顾客进来了，很沮丧。根据下文 "Thanks for being so sweet and （11）_____ yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who is warm."可以推测，作者的这位顾客当天心情沮丧压抑。故选D。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.questioningly怀疑地；B.curiously好奇地；C.gratefully感激地；D.angrily生气地。句意：他疑惑地看着我，因为他只点了咖啡。根据下文"because he had ordered nothing but the coffee"可知，顾客十分疑惑因为作者多给了食物。故选A。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.assigned分派；B.awarded颁发；C.given给；D.served服务。句意：他打开袋子，看到了我给他的他最喜欢的甜甜圈。根据上文"Before he left，I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee."和"He opened the bag and saw his favorite doughnut （甜甜圈）"可知，作者给了顾客一个甜甜圈。故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.coming来；B.heading前往；C.storming突袭、攻占；D.sliding滑动。句意：他微笑着向我道谢，然后走到雨中去了。根据下文"into the rain"可知，顾客致谢后又再次前往雨中。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.ordering点（餐）；B.whispering低语；C.reporting报道；D.obtaining获得。句意：他没有点什么东西，而是递给我一朵粉红色的玫瑰和一张纸条。根据下文"he handed me a single pink rose and a note"可知，第二天，这位顾客并没有点什么饮料或者食物。故选A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.outgoing外向的；B.straightforward直接的；C.thoughtful考虑周到的；D.tolerant容忍的。句意：谢谢你昨天这么体贴周到。根据上文"sweet"及上文内容可知，作者的行为是体贴周到的。故选C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.continue继续；B.keep保持；C.improve改善；D.change改变。句意：请不要改变你的方式，因为我真的相信你会做得更好。根据下文"because I truly believe that you will do better"可知，这位顾客让作者不要改变自己对别人友好的方式。故选D。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.inquire about询问；B.come across遇见；C.knock into撞上；D.hear of听说。句意：随着时间的推移，我确实遇到了一些非常挑剔的顾客。根据下文"some customers really particular"可知，作者确实遇到了一些非常挑剔的顾客。故选B。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.smile微笑；B.pray祈祷；C.weep哭泣；D.sigh叹气。句意：然后我会微笑着抬起头，清了清嗓子，礼貌地问："我能帮你什么忙吗？"根据下文"hold my head up high，clear my throat"可知，作者是服务员，需要微笑。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.treat对待；B.thank感谢；C.contact联系；D.help帮助。句意：然后我会微笑着抬起头，清了清嗓子，礼貌地问："我能帮你什么忙吗？"根据上文"ask politely"并结合常识可知，这里为日常交际用语，询问对方有什么需要。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在高中时在咖啡店里做兼职的经历和感悟。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】sympathy
【解析】根据句意和汉语提示"同情"可知，此处应用名词sympathy作have的宾语，sympathy为不可数名词。
故填：sympathy。
我不太同情她，我认为她是自找麻烦。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
37.【答案】influential
【解析】根据句意和汉语提示可知此空使用形容词influential意为"有影响力的"，修饰newspaper。
故选：influential。
她想为一家更大、更有影响力的报纸工作。
单词填空要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要求学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
38.【答案】recognition
【解析】根据句意及汉语提示"认可"可知，此处应使用名词recognition作there be句型的主语，结合空前冠词a可知，此处应用其单数形式。
故填：recognition。
人们越来越认识到我们的城市正变得越来越漂亮。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
39.【答案】consultants
【解析】根据句意及汉语提示"顾问"可知，此处应用名词consultant作hire的宾语，结合修饰词several可知，此处应用其复数形式。
故填：consultants。
我们应该聘请几位公关顾问来帮助改善我们的形象。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
40.【答案】tolerable
【解析】根据句意及汉语提示"容忍"可知，此处应用形容词tolerable作表语。
故填：tolerable。
考试作弊再也不能容忍了。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
41.【答案】olish
【解析】根据句意，当你写完文章后，你最好让你的老师把它润色一下，这样更容易读懂。结合单词首字母可知，动词polish"润色"符合句意，分析可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
故填：polish。
当你写完文章后，你最好让你的老师把它润色一下，这样更容易读懂。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
42.【答案】ubmitted
【解析】根据句意和首字母提示可知此空使用动词submit意为"提交"，the report和submit是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
故填：submitted。
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年约23%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
单词填空要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要求学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
43.【答案】itter
【解析】根据句意，周三，一股极地风给中西部带来了刺骨的寒冷。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用形容词bitter"寒冷刺骨的"作定语，修饰后文名词cold。
故填：bitter。
周三，一股极地风给中西部带来了刺骨的寒冷。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
44.【答案】eward
【解析】根据句意，公司将以盛大的告别晚会和几件礼物来奖励他多年的服务。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用动词reward"奖励"作谓语，情态动词will后应接动词原形。
故填：reward。
公司将以盛大的告别晚会和几件礼物来奖励他多年的服务。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
45.【答案】isturb
【解析】根据句意，很抱歉这么晚打搅你，我的车坏了，手机也没带。结合单词首字母可知，动词disturb"打搅"符合句意，根据be sorry to do sth. "对做某事感到抱歉"可知，此处应用动词原形。
故填：disturb。
很抱歉这么晚打搅你，我的车坏了，手机也没带。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
46.【答案】abandoned
【解析】abandon"遗弃"，与dog之间是动宾关系，句中已有谓语动词found，为非谓语动词，用过去分词作宾语补足语。
故填：abandoned。
我在树林里散步时，发现一只可怜的狗被遗弃在那里。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
47.【答案】Fortunately
【解析】fortune"命运"，名词，分析可知，应用副词作状语，修饰后文整句话，结合句意可知，副词fortunately"幸运的是"符合题意，句首单词首字母应大写。
故填：Fortunately。
幸运的是，许多关于这些问题的文件、杰作和个人文件都及时保存了下来。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
48.【答案】have been trying
【解析】空处作谓语，根据时间状语Since the time humankind started gardening可知，本句应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能仍在进行中。主语是we，助动词用have，故填have been trying。
自从人类开始园艺以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。
做单词填空题，首先要明确所给词的词性并弄清所给句子的意思，分析句子结构确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，最后填写拼写正确的单词。
49.【答案】whom
【解析】根据句意和结构可知这句话使用定语从句，先行词是tourists，定语从句中many of后面缺少宾语，用whom引导定语从句。
故填：whom。
此前，由于游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到了很大影响，许多游客经常向河里扔垃圾。
单词填空要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要求学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
50.【答案】to develop
【解析】答案：to develop。不定式作表语常起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是wish,idea,plan, purpose等表示意向，打算，计划的词。故填to develop。
教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要注意时态，名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
51.【答案】Dear fellows，
As we all know，the earth is in a bad condition. 【高分句型一】In some places，the air and water pollution is so serious that it causes many deaths.At the same time，many animals and plants are in danger because of the destruction of their habitats.（发出倡议的缘由）
Luckily，we human beings can do a lot to improve the condition.First of all，not only should we choose public transport instead of private vehicles，but we also need to apply energy-efficient equipment.In addition，we can pick up rubbish whenever we find it.（如何保护地球）What's more，we are supposed to call on more people to take action and make every day Earth Day.With Earth Day approaching，I firmly advocate everyone to protect the planet we live on. 【高分句型二】（号召大家一起行动）
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As we all know，the earth is in a bad condition.
译文：众所周知，地球的状况很糟糕。
分析：这句话使用了as引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：With Earth Day approaching，I firmly advocate everyone to protect the planet we live on.
译文：随着地球日的临近，我坚定地主张每个人都要保护我们生活的星球。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构，we live on是定语从句修饰the planet。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
52.【答案】The next morning.I took out my piggy bank and shook it."There should be a lot of money in it.This is years of my savings，" I said to myself.I was about to break it and withdraw money when my mina came back to the bike I wanted to buy，and I hesitated.【高分句型一】However，thinking of the look in the eyes of the children hoping for help in the earthquake，I grabbed the piggy bank and threw it to the ground.Suddenly，the piggy bank broke into pieces and the coins rolled all over the floor.（作者的最终决定，打破存钱罐，把钱捐给地震灾区的孩子们）
Hearing the noise.my grandfather came over.I explained to him what had happened.Knowing my thoughts，he fondly touched my head and said， "Good boy，you did the right thing.Grandpa is proud of you." He continued： "My dear grandson，you deserve that bike.As a bonus，let's buy that bike together now." "Thank you，Grandpa，" I said，overwhelmed with happiness.From that day on，you would always see me riding my bike on the street，leaving my hearty laughter behind.【高分句型二】（了解了事情的经过后，爷爷的反应）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了爷爷送作者一个存钱罐，作者努力存钱，想要买自己心仪的自行车。当看到临近省份发生了地震的电视新闻后，作者决定把钱捐给地震灾区的孩子们的故事。
高分句型一
I was about to break it and withdraw money when my mina came back to the bike I wanted to buy，and I hesitated.
翻译：当我的米娜回来买我想买的自行车时，我正准备打破它取钱，我犹豫了。
分析：运用了be about to do when句型以及省略关系代词that的定语从句。
高分句型二
From that day on，you would always see me riding my bike on the street，leaving my hearty laughter behind.
翻译：从那天起，你总会看到我骑着自行车走在大街上，留下我那爽朗的笑声。
分析：运用了现在分词短语leaving my hearty laughter behind作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年山东省济宁市高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
A
Discover the best things to do in Beijing with our round-up of art and exhibitions，performances and popular activities.
Jazz With JLCO and Wynton Marsalis
Jazz at Lincon Centre Orchesra and trumpet master Wynton Marsalis will join hands to tour three Chinese cities：Shenzhen，Beijing and Tianjin in April，bringing the most popular jazz music from the US.Their Beijing stop will be on March 20，at the Forbidden City Concert Hall.
If you go：7：30 p.m.April 24.
Ticket：180-1，080 yuan
Chen Sa Piano Recital
Chinese pianist Chen Sa has appeared at many music festivals，including the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival and the Purl Piano Festival.The performance at the National Centre for the Performing Arts features the melodies of French composer Debussy.
If you go：7：30 p.m.December 20.
Ticket：80-500 yuan
African Wood Carvings
African art motivated artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse in the early 20th century.But besides art，the continent has a long and rich heritage of wood carving.Tree of Life，an exhibition at the National Art Museum of China，features African wood carvings from countries such as Tanzania，Mozambique and Benin.
If you go：9 a.m.-5 p.m.January 21.
Ticket：Free
Another Way of Telling
This exhibition，staged at the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre，shows almost 100 works of Anna Fox and Karen Knorr，two leading documentary photographers in the UK.It features different series of works，such as photographs discussing problems of social classes，working environments，and self-awareness.
If you go：10 a.m.-5 p.m.January 6.
Ticket：60 yuan
1. When can we enjoy music composed by Debussy？ ______
A. At 3 p.m.January 6. B. At 10 a.m.January 21.
C. At 7：30 p.m.April 24. D. At 7：30 p.m.December 20.
2. What can we do at the Tree of Life exhibition？ ______
A. Enjoy classical music.
B. Appreciate Pablo Picasso's works.
C. Learn basic skills of wood carving.
D. Get to know a special art form from Tanzania.
3. Where will Karen Knorr's works be exhibited？ ______
A. At the Forbidden City Concert Hall.
B. At the National Art Museum of China.
C. At the National Centre for the Performing Arts.
D. At the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre.
B
From the top of Mount Qomolangma to the bottom of the Mariana Trench，plastic continues to pollute the environment，and it creates a significant threat to all life forms on Earth.Despite knowing the effects of plastic pollution，we have not been able to ban the use of plastic products.Now，thanks to the invention of a 17-year-old girl，Arora，we finally have a better choice.This plastic-like material is made from prawn （大虾） shells，and it breaks down 1.5 million times faster than most of the commercial plastic products we use today.
The Australian teen first became aware of the impact of plastic waste on the environment when shopping with her mother.She wondered why her mother had to pay for the plastic bags.When asked，the cashier informed her how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to encourage people not to use it.This inspired Arora to create a kind of plastic that would break down faster than the conventional one.
But the journey of inventing "eco-friendly plastic" was not easy.She experimented with a number of organic materials such as cornflour and banana peels，both of which had to be ruled out because of their solubility （溶解性）.One night，while having dinner，she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky.She immediately went to the lab to research.Later，she would describe that dinner as her "Eureka" moment.
She extracted the material called "chitin" from the shells and then mixed it with an insoluble protein called "fibroin"，which is found in silk cocoons.Using the combination of these two organic materials，Arora created a plastic-like material that breaks down completely within just 33 days.Moreover，this plastic releases nitrogen when breaking down，which is why it can be used as plant fertilizer.
Arora's invention has caused a stir，and she has won a number of awards.As an inspiring young woman，Arora wants to make a difference in the world，and she wants to encourage other young people to follow their passion and make a positive difference however they can.
4. What inspired Arora to create a kind of special plastic？ ______
A. A cashier's words about paid plastic bags.
B. Her determination to protect the prawns.
C. A class about plastic's impact on the planet.
D. Her plan to save money on plastic products.
5. What could be a "Eureka" moment？ ______
A. A moment of needing reflection.
B. A moment of finding the truth.
C. A moment of having sudden inspiration.
D. A moment of enjoying the celebration.
6. What can be known about the new plastic in paragraph 4？ ______
A. It is made from non-organic materials.
B. It can break down totally in a month.
C. It can be used to help plants to grow.
D. It is extracted from an insoluble protein.
7. Which of the following can best describe Arora？ ______
A. Brave and clever. B. Creative and inspiring.
C. Active and considerate. D. Humorous and friendly.
C
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need，parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the Internet and social media for parenting advice.A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager，and chances are，the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles.The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children's development，both academically and emotionally.
A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting，where parents are much too focused on their children.They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own，like selecting activities and friends for them.Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently.Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry（洗衣），clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork.Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand，parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children weren't given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.They were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework.Living in the pre-internet age，parents were less informed about different parenting methods，and personalities.
There is no one right way to raise a child.Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering，who are supportive but not controlling，and who protect but not care too much.
8. What does the author explain by mentioning"an infant"and"a moody teenager"in paragraph 2？ ______
A. Devotion to kids. B. Tricky parenting problems.
C. Effective parenting. D. Easy access to guidance.
9. What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting？ ______
A. Flexible. B. Efficient. C. Over involved. D. Conventional.
10. What do we know about parents in the past？ ______
A. They educated kids in a rigid way.
B. They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
C. They overestimated their kids' independence.
D. They tended to stay away from social activities.
11. What's the author's attitude towards the two parenting modes mentioned in the passage？ ______
A. Subjective. B. Opposed. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
D
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world，what is less often heard is that stories change science，and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario （剧情） planning in Futures Studies，which shapes our ideas about the future，and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne's submarine or the satellites of 2001 Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis， "Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about technoscientific projects such as robotics or space exploration".Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about Artificial Intelligence or how Snow Crash，Neal Stephenson's novel，has impacted what we now call the Metaverse （元宇宙）？
Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes （原型） in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly，it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene （干预） in the future.
Alex McDowell，Creator of the Minority Report worldbuilding in 2002，and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can bring to the table：
The richness of "storyworlds" — the "universes" within which stories take place — provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story，and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly，the relationship of futures narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And，therefore，prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world，we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.
12. What is the text mainly about？ ______
A. The storyworlds created by science fictions.
B. Artifacts and technologies in science fictions.
C. Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
D. The relation between science and science fictions.
13. What is the most important role of science fiction？ ______
A. It provides us with technologies and tools.
B. It allows us to establish reasonable future.
C. It decides our thinking and affects the future.
D. It helps us learn the rules of fictional world.
14. What do we know about "storyworlds"？ ______
A. There are general rules for a single story.
B. They are the "universes" where stories happen.
C. There are no regulations or guiding systems.
D. They have a potential context within a story.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Science fiction narratives can construct future worlds.
B. The science of future intervenes in today's science.
C. Objects can't be constructed by words or symbols.
D. Scholars care little about narratives about future.
Efficient ways to improve your speech
Find it difficult to make a wonderful speech in public？（1） ______
Use more facial expressions
One psychologist feels that our facial expression is responsible more than anything else for the impression others have of us.A smile in which the eyes participate is extremely communicative.（2） ______ People tend to mirror your expression，so try to show how you feel about a topic or an idea through your facial expression.
Get rid of your inner fear
（ 3） ______ The way to handle it is to put it to work for you，get into action，as Shakespeare observed，action cures fear.The first is to admit it.Do the thing you fear and it will be the death of fear itself.Another simple aid at the last minute before you begin，is to take a few deep breaths.This will help get the butterflies in formation and also keep your voice under control.
Polish your voice
Our voice is the main instrument we possess for communicating with people.So invest in a tape recorder，practice your speech by speaking it into the microphone and then listen to it.You can even have others join in the evaluation of your strong points and your weaknesses or faults as well.Simply reading a newspaper，a magazine or stories to your children out loud can help.（4） ______
Strengthen your memory
Psychologists tell us that most individuals don't use above ten percent of their inherent capacity for memory.How to enhance the power of memory？First，have a burning desire to remember.It's difficult to recall anything without wanting to do so.（5） ______ Our success depends greatly on our ability to concentrate.The next principle is repetition，we learned many things in school by repetition.
A.Step number two is concentration.
B.Here are some efficient ways to improve your speech.
C.A frown often brings the same thing in return.
D.Reading aloud cannot necessarily help you develop a personal style.
E.Your emphasis，pausing，pace and even pitch can improve.
F.It's natural to have some tension when you appear before an audience.
G.The more associations you make with the brain，the easier it becomes.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
My high school life was a very fulfilling one.Apart from studying in class，I got a part-time job at a local （1） ______ shop.I hoped it would be easy，and for the most part，（ 2） ______ .I imagined myself pouring coffee and becoming close friends with my customers.
But what I hadn't （3） ______ was the people with so many orders and the moments when I couldn't seem to （4） ______ anyone.There was always too much sugar，too little ice，or not enough skim milk. （5） ______ ，I kept at it.
One day，one of my customers dropped in，（ 6） ______ .Before he left，I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He looked at me （7） ______ because he had ordered nothing but the coffee.He opened the bag and saw his favorite doughnut （甜甜圈） I had （8） ______ him.He smiled and thanked me before （9） ______ out into the rain.
The next evening，he came.Instead of （10） ______ something，he handed me a single pink rose and a note. "Thanks for being so sweet and （11） ______ yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who is warm.Please don't （12） ______ your ways because I truly believe that you will do better.Have a great day!"
As time went on，I did （13） ______ some customers really particular.But whenever I felt cast down，that man and his kindness would occur to me.Then I would （14） ______ ，hold my head up high，clear my throat and ask politely， "How can I （15） ______ you？"
21. A. fashion B. coffee C. bakery D. furniture
22. A. flexible B. romantic C. back-breaking D. stress-free
23. A. expected B. detected C. grasped D. managed
24. A. recognize B. reach C. please D. convince
25. A. Moreover B. However C. Instead D. Hence
26. A. excited B. rigid C. dynamic D. depressed
27. A. questioningly B. curiously C. gratefully D. angrily
28. A. assigned B. awarded C. given D. served
29. A. coming B. heading C. storming D. sliding
30. A. ordering B. whispering C. reporting D. obtaining
31. A. outgoing B. straightforward
C. thoughtful D. tolerant
32. A. continue B. keep C. improve D. change
33. A. inquire about B. come across C. knock into D. hear of
34. A. smile B. pray C. weep D. sigh
35. A. treat B. thank C. contact D. help
36. I don't have much ______ （同情） for her —I think she's brought her troubles on herself.
37. She wanted to work for a bigger and more ______ （有影响力的） newspaper.
38. There's a growing ______ （认可） that our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
39. We ought to hire several public relationship ______ （顾问） to help improve our image.
40. Cheating on exams can be no longer ______ （容忍） again.
41. When you finish your essay，you'd better turn to your teacher to p ______ it，which makes it more readable.
42. According to the report s ______ by researchers，about 23 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
43. On Wednesday，a polar wind brought b ______ cold to the Midwest.
44. The company will r ______ him for his years of service with a grand farewell party and several presents.
45. I'm sorry to d ______ you so late，but my car's broken down and I don't have my phone with me.
46. I was walking around the woods when I found a poor dog ______ （ abandon） there.
47. ______ （ fortune），many documents，masterpieces，and personal papers with regard to these questions are preserved in time.
48. Since the time humankind started gardening，we ______ （try） to make our environment more beautiful.
49. Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of ______ frequently threw garbage into the river.
50. The purpose of education is______（develop） a fine personality in children.
51. 假如你是李华，4月22日，第54个"世界地球日"即将来临，主题为"众生的地球（Earth for All）"。请你用英语写一封倡议书向你校英文报投稿，内容包括：
（1）发出倡议的缘由；
（2）如何保护地球；
（3）号召大家一起行动。
注意：
（1）词数80词左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）参考词汇：世界地球日：World Earth Day
Dear fellows，
52. 阅读下面材料，根据具体内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my birthday that day，and my grandfather gave me a gift—a piggy bank.It had an opening through which one could put money in，but the opening was not big enough to reach in and get the money out.The only way to get the money was to break the piggy hank open.My grandfather explained that was the whole idea.And he added. "The piggy bank would help save your money so that，at the end of the year，you might have enough for that bike you dreamed about." He asked if I would put some of the money he gave me into the piggy bank.I agreed immediately and promised sincerely， "I wouldn't break it open until I could afford my dream bike."
Whenever my grandfather gave me some pocket money，he would say， "This is for spending.But you can save some and put it in the piggy bank if you want to save it up." When he gave me larger amounts，it was clear for me to save the extra money in the piggy bank.For some time，this worked fine.I loved shaking the piggy hank and hearing the sound of the coins.As it became heavier，I grew more excited，dreaming about buying my new bike，and all the adventures I could have on it.
Whenever I wanted to take some money from the piggy bank to buy delicious ice-creams or beautiful presents.I would imagine riding my bike on the street，and thinking of that，my thoughts about buying those things went away.So for almost three years.I had only put money into the piggy hank without taking any out.I thought I wouldn't break my piggy hank for anything.Bat one day something unexpected happened.I saw a piece of news on the television that a serious earthquake had happened in a nearby province.As many houses were destroyed，a lot of children became homeless.Seeing their shabby clothes and crying faces.I was sleepless that night.Staring at my piggy bank.I was thinking about what I could do with it.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为50左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next morning.I took out my piggy bank and shook it.
______
Hearing the noise.my grandfather came over.
______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二节Chen Sa Piano Recital中The performance at the National Centre for the Performing Arts features the melodies of French composer Debussy.（这场在国家大剧院上演的演出以法国作曲家德彪西的旋律为特色。）及 If you go：7：30 p.m. ，December 20.（如果你去：12月20日晚上7：30）可知，在12月20日晚上7点半可以欣赏德彪西创作的音乐。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三节African Wood Carvings中Tree of Life，an exhibition at the National Art Museum of China，features African wood carvings from countries such as Tanzania，Mozambique and Benin.（在中国美术馆举办的"生命之树"展览，展出了来自坦桑尼亚、莫桑比克和贝宁等国家的非洲木雕作品。）可知，在生命之树展览会上可以了解一种来自坦桑尼亚的特殊艺术形式。 A.Enjoy classical music.欣赏古典音乐；B.Appreciate Pablo Picasso's works.欣赏巴勃罗毕加索的作品；C.Learn basic skills of wood carving.学习木雕基本功；D.Get to know a special art form from Tanzania.了解一种来自坦桑尼亚的特殊艺术形式。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一节Another Way of Telling中This exhibition，staged at the Three Shadows Photography Art Centre，shows almost 100 works of Anna Fox and Karen Knorr，two leading documentary photographers in the UK.（本次展览在三影摄影艺术中心举行，展出了英国两位著名纪实摄影师Anna Fox和Karen Knorr近100幅作品。）可知，Karen Knorr的作品将在三影摄影艺术中心展出。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在北京最值得去看的几处艺术和展览、表演和热门活动。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4~7.【答案】A、C、C、B
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段的"When asked，the cashier informed her how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to encourage people not to use it.This inspired Arora to create a kind of plastic that would break down faster than the conventional one."当被问到时，收银员告诉她塑料对地球有多大的伤害，而且额外的收费是为了鼓励人们不要使用塑料。这激发了Arora创造出一种比传统塑料分解更快的塑料。可知，收银员关于付费塑料袋的话激发了Arora创造一种特殊塑料袋的灵感。故选A.
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段的"One night，while having dinner，she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky.She immediately went to the lab to research.Later，she would describe that dinner as her "Eureka" moment. "有天晚上吃晚饭的时候，她注意到虾壳看起来像塑料，她立马去实验室进行了研究。后来，她把那顿晚餐形容为她的 "Eureka" 时刻。可知， "Eureka" 时刻是她突然产生灵感的时刻。故选C.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Moreover，this plastic releases nitrogen when breaking down，which is why it can be used as plant fertilizer."这种塑料在分解的时候可以释放氮元素，这就是为什么它可以用作植物肥料。可知，这种新塑料可以帮助植物生长。故选C.
（4）B.推理判断题。从全文内容可知，Arora 发明了可快速分解的类似塑料的材料，故她是有创造力的；又根据最后一段她对青少年的激励可推知，Arora 是鼓舞人心的。A.Brave and clever勇敢和聪明的；B.Creative and inspiring有创造性和鼓舞人心的；C.Active and considerate积极体贴的；D.Humorous and friendly幽默而友好的。故选B.
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了17岁的女孩Arora为了保护环境并减少塑料污染发明了类似塑料的材料。它是由虾壳制成的，它的分解速度比我们今天使用的大多数商业塑料产品快150万倍。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
8~11.【答案】D、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager，and chances are，the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles（父母可以发布问题，从如何管理婴儿不断的哭声到如何与喜怒无常的青少年交谈，很有可能，父母会立即被建议和相关文章淹没。）可知，作者在第二段中提到"婴儿"和"喜怒无常的少年"，是为了解释现代父母可以通过互联网轻松获得指导。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting，where parents are much too focused on their children.（一种现代的育儿方式是"直升机式育儿"，父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。）以及They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own，like selecting activities and friends for them，or calling their teachers about homework matters.（他们帮助孩子们完成他们自己能够完成的任务，比如为他们选择活动和朋友，或者打电话给他们的老师讨论作业问题。）可知，"直升机式育儿"的方式中，在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中On the other hand，parents in the past tended to monitor less.Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.（另一方面，过去的父母往往监督较少。孩子们在如何管理学业和选择朋友方面有了更多的控制权。）可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。故选B。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段 There is no one right way to raise a child.Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering，who are supportive but not controlling，and who protect but not care too much.（养育孩子没有一种正确的方式。每个孩子都是独一无二的，父母应该以不同的方式养育，他们在场但不流浪，他们支持但不控制，他们保护但不太在乎。）可知作者以客观的态度对比了过去和现代的育儿方式。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着社会的变化，父母的育儿方式也发生着变化，对比了过去和现代的育儿方式。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】C、C、B、A
【解析】（1）主旨大意题。由本文第一段的内容There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world，what is less often heard is that stories change science，and therefore the future.（科幻小说和科学之间有着深刻的联系。人们常说故事改变世界，但很少有人说故事改变科学，进而改变未来。）及最后一段的内容Lastly，the relationship of futures narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world we are constructing them.And，therefore，prediction is also a social construction.In narrating we intervene in the world.In narrating the world，we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.（最后，一些学者强调了未来叙事与社会建构主义等理论的关系。这一社会学理论的中心思想是，每当我们使用词语或其他符号来指代我们世界中的物体时，我们都在构建它们。因此，预测也是一种社会建构。在叙述中，我们介入了世界。在叙述世界的过程中，我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时，我们介入了未来科学。）可知本文主要讲述了科幻小说叙事影响未来的研究。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第四段中But most importantly，it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene （干预） in the future.（但最重要的是，它决定了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。）可知科幻小说最重要的作用是它决定我们的思维，影响我们的未来。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。由本文倒数第二段The richness of "storyworlds" — the "universes" within which stories take place — provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story，and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.（丰富的"故事世界"---故事发生的"宇宙"---为我们提供了背景的详细规则，在这个背景中，一个更大的现实展开，延伸到单个故事之外，并有可能为我们提供对管理这些世界的潜在系统的更深入的了解。）可知，丰富的"故事世界"是故事发生在其中的"宇宙"。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中In narrating the world，we construct it.In writing science fiction we intervene in the science of the future.（在叙述世界的过程中，我们构建了世界，在写科幻小说时，我们介入了未来的科学。）可知，科幻小说叙述可以构建未来世界。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文，文章探讨了科幻小说和未来研究之间的关系，科幻小说帮助我们定义可能的未来，让我们了解虚构世界背后的规则，并决定我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。通过阅读本文可以引发我们对现实和未来关系的思考。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】B、C、F、E、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。上文Find it difficult to make a wonderful speech in public？（觉得在公共场合发表精彩演讲很难吗？）引出话题"演讲很难"；同时结合后文的四个小标题Use more facial expressions（使用更多的面部表情）；Get rid of your inner fear（摆脱内心的恐惧）；Polish your voice（改善说话的声音）和Strengthen your memory（加强记忆）可知，后文在讲述提高演讲的几种具体方法，故此处空格的内容应起到承上启下的作用，B选项"Here are some efficient ways to improve your speech.（以下是一些提高演讲水平的有效方法。）"符合语境。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。由第二段的小标题Use more facial expressions（使用更多的面部表情）以及上文A smile in which the eyes participate is extremely communicative.（蕴含眼神的微笑非常具有交流性。）和后文People tend to mirror your expression，so try to show how you feel about a topic or an idea through your facial expression.（人们倾向于表达和你一样的表情，所以试着通过你的面部表情来表达你对某个话题或想法的感觉。）可知，本段主要讲述面部表情在演讲中的重要性。C选项"A frown often brings the same thing in return.（皱眉往往也会带来同样的回报。）"中的"A frown"也是面部表情，并与上文的"A smile"相对应，符合语境。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。由第三段的小标题Get rid of your inner fear（摆脱内心的恐惧）和后文The way to handle it is to put it to work for you，get into action，as Shakespeare observed，action cures fear.（处理它的方法是让它为你工作，付诸行动，正如莎士比亚所说，行动可以治愈恐惧。）可知，此段主要讲述如何摆脱内心的恐惧。F选项"It's natural to have some tension when you appear before an audience.（当你出现在观众面前时，很自然会有一些紧张。）"中的tension就是后文中it所指代的内容，与fear表达的意思一致，放在句首用于引出后文，符合语境。故选F。
（4）推理判断题。由第四段小标题Polish your voice（改善说话的声音）和上文Our voice is the main instrument we possess for communicating with people.（我们的声音是我们与人交流的主要工具。）与Simply reading a newspaper，a magazine or stories to your children out loud can help.（只需大声给孩子读报纸、杂志或故事就可以了。）可知，本段主要讲的是如何改善说话的声音，E选项"Your emphasis，pausing，pace and even pitch can improve.（你的重点、停顿、速度甚至音高都可以提高。）"承接上文，表示通过前文的给孩子大声读报纸、讲故事等方式可以提高说话的重点、停顿等，符合语境。故选E。
（5）推理判断题。由第五段小标题Strengthen your memory（加强记忆）和上文First，have a burning desire to remember.It's difficult to recall anything without wanting to do so.（首先，有一种强烈的记忆欲望。如果没有记忆的欲望那回忆东西是很难的。）可知，本段主要讲述如何加强记忆，上文中的First表示第一点，又因后文Our success depends greatly on our ability to concentrate.（我们的成功很大程度上取决于我们的专注能力。）与上文表述内容不一致，说明此处讲的是另外一点，A选项"Step number two is concentration.（第二步就是专心致志。）"承接上文，Step number two是First的顺延，同时concentration又与后文中的concentrate相对应，符合语境。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种能够提高演讲能力的有效方法：使用更多的面部表情；摆脱内心的恐惧；改善说话的声音；加强记忆。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、A、C、B、D、A、C、B、A、C、D、B、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.fashion时尚；B.coffee咖啡；C.bakery烘焙；D.furniture家具。句意：除了在课堂上学习，我还在当地一家咖啡店找了份兼职工作。根据下文"pouring coffee"可知，作者在一家咖啡店兼职。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flexible灵活的；B.romantic浪漫的；C.back-breaking令人筋疲力尽的；D.stress-free没压力的。句意：我希望它会很简单，在很大程度上，没有压力。根据上文"I hoped it would be easy"可以推测，作者希望在咖啡店兼职大部分时间是轻松简单，没有压力的。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.expected预料；B.detected侦测；C.grasped抓住；D.managed管理。句意：但我没有预料到的是，有那么多人的订单，还有我似乎无法取悦任何人的时刻。根据下文"the people with so many orders and the moments"及上文"I hoped it would be easy，and for the most part，（ 2）_____."作者希望兼职轻松简单无压力可知，作者没有预料到，咖啡店的工作也是有挑战的。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.recognize识别；B.reach到达；C.please让……开心；D.convince说服。句意：但我没有预料到的是，有那么多人的订单，还有我似乎无法取悦任何人的时刻。根据上文"people with so many orders"可知，顾客的要求很多，作者很难让任何人都开心。故选C。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.Moreover此外；B.However然而；C.Instead相反；D.Hence因此。句意：然而，我坚持了下来。根据上文"There was always too much sugar，too little ice，or not enough skim milk."及"I kept at it."可知，尽管工作中备受挑战，作者还是坚持了下来，前后为转折关系。故选B。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.excited激动的；B.rigid死板的；C.dynamic精力充沛的；D.depressed沮丧的。句意：一天，我的一位顾客进来了，很沮丧。根据下文 "Thanks for being so sweet and （11）_____ yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who is warm."可以推测，作者的这位顾客当天心情沮丧压抑。故选D。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.questioningly怀疑地；B.curiously好奇地；C.gratefully感激地；D.angrily生气地。句意：他疑惑地看着我，因为他只点了咖啡。根据下文"because he had ordered nothing but the coffee"可知，顾客十分疑惑因为作者多给了食物。故选A。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.assigned分派；B.awarded颁发；C.given给；D.served服务。句意：他打开袋子，看到了我给他的他最喜欢的甜甜圈。根据上文"Before he left，I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee."和"He opened the bag and saw his favorite doughnut （甜甜圈）"可知，作者给了顾客一个甜甜圈。故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.coming来；B.heading前往；C.storming突袭、攻占；D.sliding滑动。句意：他微笑着向我道谢，然后走到雨中去了。根据下文"into the rain"可知，顾客致谢后又再次前往雨中。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.ordering点（餐）；B.whispering低语；C.reporting报道；D.obtaining获得。句意：他没有点什么东西，而是递给我一朵粉红色的玫瑰和一张纸条。根据下文"he handed me a single pink rose and a note"可知，第二天，这位顾客并没有点什么饮料或者食物。故选A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.outgoing外向的；B.straightforward直接的；C.thoughtful考虑周到的；D.tolerant容忍的。句意：谢谢你昨天这么体贴周到。根据上文"sweet"及上文内容可知，作者的行为是体贴周到的。故选C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.continue继续；B.keep保持；C.improve改善；D.change改变。句意：请不要改变你的方式，因为我真的相信你会做得更好。根据下文"because I truly believe that you will do better"可知，这位顾客让作者不要改变自己对别人友好的方式。故选D。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.inquire about询问；B.come across遇见；C.knock into撞上；D.hear of听说。句意：随着时间的推移，我确实遇到了一些非常挑剔的顾客。根据下文"some customers really particular"可知，作者确实遇到了一些非常挑剔的顾客。故选B。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.smile微笑；B.pray祈祷；C.weep哭泣；D.sigh叹气。句意：然后我会微笑着抬起头，清了清嗓子，礼貌地问："我能帮你什么忙吗？"根据下文"hold my head up high，clear my throat"可知，作者是服务员，需要微笑。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.treat对待；B.thank感谢；C.contact联系；D.help帮助。句意：然后我会微笑着抬起头，清了清嗓子，礼貌地问："我能帮你什么忙吗？"根据上文"ask politely"并结合常识可知，这里为日常交际用语，询问对方有什么需要。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在高中时在咖啡店里做兼职的经历和感悟。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】sympathy
【解析】根据句意和汉语提示"同情"可知，此处应用名词sympathy作have的宾语，sympathy为不可数名词。
故填：sympathy。
我不太同情她，我认为她是自找麻烦。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
37.【答案】influential
【解析】根据句意和汉语提示可知此空使用形容词influential意为"有影响力的"，修饰newspaper。
故选：influential。
她想为一家更大、更有影响力的报纸工作。
单词填空要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要求学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
38.【答案】recognition
【解析】根据句意及汉语提示"认可"可知，此处应使用名词recognition作there be句型的主语，结合空前冠词a可知，此处应用其单数形式。
故填：recognition。
人们越来越认识到我们的城市正变得越来越漂亮。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
39.【答案】consultants
【解析】根据句意及汉语提示"顾问"可知，此处应用名词consultant作hire的宾语，结合修饰词several可知，此处应用其复数形式。
故填：consultants。
我们应该聘请几位公关顾问来帮助改善我们的形象。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
40.【答案】tolerable
【解析】根据句意及汉语提示"容忍"可知，此处应用形容词tolerable作表语。
故填：tolerable。
考试作弊再也不能容忍了。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
41.【答案】olish
【解析】根据句意，当你写完文章后，你最好让你的老师把它润色一下，这样更容易读懂。结合单词首字母可知，动词polish"润色"符合句意，分析可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
故填：polish。
当你写完文章后，你最好让你的老师把它润色一下，这样更容易读懂。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
42.【答案】ubmitted
【解析】根据句意和首字母提示可知此空使用动词submit意为"提交"，the report和submit是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
故填：submitted。
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年约23%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
单词填空要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要求学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
43.【答案】itter
【解析】根据句意，周三，一股极地风给中西部带来了刺骨的寒冷。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用形容词bitter"寒冷刺骨的"作定语，修饰后文名词cold。
故填：bitter。
周三，一股极地风给中西部带来了刺骨的寒冷。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
44.【答案】eward
【解析】根据句意，公司将以盛大的告别晚会和几件礼物来奖励他多年的服务。结合单词首字母可知，此处应用动词reward"奖励"作谓语，情态动词will后应接动词原形。
故填：reward。
公司将以盛大的告别晚会和几件礼物来奖励他多年的服务。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
45.【答案】isturb
【解析】根据句意，很抱歉这么晚打搅你，我的车坏了，手机也没带。结合单词首字母可知，动词disturb"打搅"符合句意，根据be sorry to do sth. "对做某事感到抱歉"可知，此处应用动词原形。
故填：disturb。
很抱歉这么晚打搅你，我的车坏了，手机也没带。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
46.【答案】abandoned
【解析】abandon"遗弃"，与dog之间是动宾关系，句中已有谓语动词found，为非谓语动词，用过去分词作宾语补足语。
故填：abandoned。
我在树林里散步时，发现一只可怜的狗被遗弃在那里。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
47.【答案】Fortunately
【解析】fortune"命运"，名词，分析可知，应用副词作状语，修饰后文整句话，结合句意可知，副词fortunately"幸运的是"符合题意，句首单词首字母应大写。
故填：Fortunately。
幸运的是，许多关于这些问题的文件、杰作和个人文件都及时保存了下来。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
48.【答案】have been trying
【解析】空处作谓语，根据时间状语Since the time humankind started gardening可知，本句应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能仍在进行中。主语是we，助动词用have，故填have been trying。
自从人类开始园艺以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。
做单词填空题，首先要明确所给词的词性并弄清所给句子的意思，分析句子结构确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，最后填写拼写正确的单词。
49.【答案】whom
【解析】根据句意和结构可知这句话使用定语从句，先行词是tourists，定语从句中many of后面缺少宾语，用whom引导定语从句。
故填：whom。
此前，由于游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到了很大影响，许多游客经常向河里扔垃圾。
单词填空要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要求学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
50.【答案】to develop
【解析】答案：to develop。不定式作表语常起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是wish,idea,plan, purpose等表示意向，打算，计划的词。故填to develop。
教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要注意时态，名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
51.【答案】Dear fellows，
As we all know，the earth is in a bad condition. 【高分句型一】In some places，the air and water pollution is so serious that it causes many deaths.At the same time，many animals and plants are in danger because of the destruction of their habitats.（发出倡议的缘由）
Luckily，we human beings can do a lot to improve the condition.First of all，not only should we choose public transport instead of private vehicles，but we also need to apply energy-efficient equipment.In addition，we can pick up rubbish whenever we find it.（如何保护地球）What's more，we are supposed to call on more people to take action and make every day Earth Day.With Earth Day approaching，I firmly advocate everyone to protect the planet we live on. 【高分句型二】（号召大家一起行动）
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：As we all know，the earth is in a bad condition.
译文：众所周知，地球的状况很糟糕。
分析：这句话使用了as引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：With Earth Day approaching，I firmly advocate everyone to protect the planet we live on.
译文：随着地球日的临近，我坚定地主张每个人都要保护我们生活的星球。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构，we live on是定语从句修饰the planet。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
52.【答案】The next morning.I took out my piggy bank and shook it."There should be a lot of money in it.This is years of my savings，" I said to myself.I was about to break it and withdraw money when my mina came back to the bike I wanted to buy，and I hesitated.【高分句型一】However，thinking of the look in the eyes of the children hoping for help in the earthquake，I grabbed the piggy bank and threw it to the ground.Suddenly，the piggy bank broke into pieces and the coins rolled all over the floor.（作者的最终决定，打破存钱罐，把钱捐给地震灾区的孩子们）
Hearing the noise.my grandfather came over.I explained to him what had happened.Knowing my thoughts，he fondly touched my head and said， "Good boy，you did the right thing.Grandpa is proud of you." He continued： "My dear grandson，you deserve that bike.As a bonus，let's buy that bike together now." "Thank you，Grandpa，" I said，overwhelmed with happiness.From that day on，you would always see me riding my bike on the street，leaving my hearty laughter behind.【高分句型二】（了解了事情的经过后，爷爷的反应）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了爷爷送作者一个存钱罐，作者努力存钱，想要买自己心仪的自行车。当看到临近省份发生了地震的电视新闻后，作者决定把钱捐给地震灾区的孩子们的故事。
高分句型一
I was about to break it and withdraw money when my mina came back to the bike I wanted to buy，and I hesitated.
翻译：当我的米娜回来买我想买的自行车时，我正准备打破它取钱，我犹豫了。
分析：运用了be about to do when句型以及省略关系代词that的定语从句。
高分句型二
From that day on，you would always see me riding my bike on the street，leaving my hearty laughter behind.
翻译：从那天起，你总会看到我骑着自行车走在大街上，留下我那爽朗的笑声。
分析：运用了现在分词短语leaving my hearty laughter behind作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
相关试卷
2022-2023学年山东省济宁市高二下学期4月期中英语试题含答案： 这是一份2022-2023学年山东省济宁市高二下学期4月期中英语试题含答案，共9页。试卷主要包含了答题前，考生务必用0，第Ⅱ卷答题卷必修用0等内容，欢迎下载使用。
山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期4月期中试题（Word版附解析）： 这是一份山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期4月期中试题（Word版附解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了答题前，考生务必用0，第Ⅱ卷答题卷必修用0等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年上海市名校高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）： 这是一份2022-2023学年上海市名校高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析），共27页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
