北京市东城区2023届高三二模英语试题 Word版无答案

北京市东城区2022—2023学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二)

英语

本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a___1___area up in the hills. Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深沟) on one side. While I was starting the car slowly, a flash of sunlight___2___me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we___3___upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.

We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d___4___, my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.

Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up and___5___put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of the ravine.

I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.

Slam! Was that a car door? “Help!” I shouted with all my___6___.

“Mike! Where are you?” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.

Half an hour later, the rescue crew___7___and rushed me to the hospital.

The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎) close. With her there, it was like my pain___8___. “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin said. “She got___9___and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honey back to my____10____, and that’s when he heard me shout.

Honey, my life-saving hero!

1. A. crowded B. new C. popular D. remote

2. A. covered B. blinded C. burnt D. warned

3. A. landed B. circled C. drove D. pulled

4. A. hesitated B. feared C. agreed D. doubted

5. A. actively B. constantly C. gently D. secretly

6. A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. strength

7. A. called B. arrived C. formed D. searched

8. A. returned B. spread C. froze D. disappeared

9. A. confused B. disappointed C. anxious D. bored

10. A. house B. car C. hospital D. office

第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____11_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____12_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____13_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist.

_____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____15_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____16_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____17_____(mental) travel across time and space.

But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____18____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____19_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity. PacSci’s educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!

AVAILABLE PROGRAMS

Piece of Mind

Cost: $ 300

Maximum Number of Participants: 40

Best for Grades: 6-10

Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!

Stick the Landing

Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)

Maximum Number of Participants: 30

Best for Grades: 9-12

Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.

Night Sky Tonight

Cost Varies by Group Size

·1-99 participants: $ 250

·100-199 participants: $ 350

·200+participants: $550

Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited

Best for Grades: 3-12

Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!

Ecosystem Investigators

Cost: $ 200

Maximum Number of Participants: 50

Best for Grades: 3-8

Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.

21. What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips?

A. Each program is for one certain grade.

B. The expense for each program varies.

C. The length for each program is unchangeable.

D. Every program has a max number of participants.

22. Cooperation is needed in the program             .

A. Piece of Mind B. Stick the Landing

C. Nigh tSky Tonight D. Ecosystem Investigators

23. The passage is intended for            .

A. tour guides B. research scientists

C. school teachers D. program designers

B

Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong, who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.

Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane’s nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there’s a catch. Those wings must twist(弯曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.

Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.

“Essentially what I did was just trial and error” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It’s super easy to make,” Ethan says.

In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”

Lighter more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It’s been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”

To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”

24. What is one advantage of the tailless airplane?

A. It makes aircraft design easier.

B. It is environmentally friendly.

C. It reduces production costs.

D. It promotes flight stability.

25. What drew Ethan’s attention to the tailless airplane design?

A. The breakthrough in aircraft materials.

B The flight of an aircraft in a video.

C. The prize for original design.

D. The desire for innovation.

26. In Ethan’s opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams?

A. Ambition and efficiency.

B. Enthusiasm and responsibility.

C. Passion and determination.

D. Confidence and independence.

C

Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.

This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.

Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers’ goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion? The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.

The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.

If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work? Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren’t. People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.

The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.

27. Based on the study, successful traders would         .

A. reveal their hidden emotions

B. owe their success to emotions

C. review decisions depending on emotions

D. examine their actions influenced by emotions

28. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

A. Control and use. B. Analyse and release.

C. Face and adapt to. D. Understand and accept.

29. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs’ words?

A. Confidence may expose one to more chances.

B. Depression will consume one’s energy.

C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.

D. Optimism will affect one’s health.

30. What is mainly discussed in the passage?

A. The contributing factors to emotions.

B The workable strategies of emotions.

C. The working principle of emotions.

D. The constructive role of emotions.

D

September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”

As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isn’t there. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizations that don’t exist. At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.

There has been a fair amount written about the supposed impressiveness of AI-generated text. There are even several high-profile AI-written articles, essays or even scientific papers or screenplays that showcase this impressiveness. In many of these cases, the “authors” have access to higher-quality language models than most students are currently able to use. But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.

My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.

It has been just over five years since computer scientists declared, “We should stop training radiologists(放射科医生) now. Deep learning is going to do better than radiologists.” Well, we’re still training radiologists, and there’s no indication that deep learning is going to replace human doctors anytime soon. In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”.

31. What can we learn about the students in the experiment?

A. Their writing efficiency was affected.

B. Their essays were better structured.

C. They preferred AI-written essays.

D. They overcame AI’s weaknesses.

32. What does the author imply in Paragraph 3?

A. Online text generators are far from reliable.

B. Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.

C. Students need to have better mastery of technology.

D. Revising applications decide the quality of AI essays.

33. In the author’s opinion, what may discourage the use of AI text generators?

A Standard criteria B. Strict regulations..

C. Clear instructions. D. Unique writing tasks.

34. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To assess AI’s influence on students’ writing.

B. To discuss the threat of AI to the teaching of writing.

C. To appeal for the appropriate application of AI text generators.

D. To analyse the differences between genuine and Al-written essays.

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

We have all been guilty of being over optimistic when predicting how long a task will take because of the planning fallacy. First identified in 1977, the planning fallacy was defined as: “the tendency to underestimate the amount of time needed to complete a future task, due in part to the reliance on overly optimistic performance scenarios (预测).”

It is extremely common._____35_____For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.

What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem._____36_____While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.

The planning fallacy is such a deep-rooted behavior. However, there are a few systematic strategies you can use to start building the habit of double-checking your time estimates. For instance, you can take the outside view._____37_____Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.

_____38_____You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.

Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan._____39_____Breakdown big tasks into smaller, manageable chunks. Don’t wait until the last minute to let people know you may need their help in the near future.

A. Defining your priorities also helps.

B. We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.

C. Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.

D. Focusing on fine details is the recommended practice.

E. We can see many failed or late projects, which lead to timewasting.

F. There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.

G. Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.

第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.

I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.

For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us?

The truth is, it can.

Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.

Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.

40. How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking?

_______________________________________________________________

41. Why is it hard for people to display their true selves?

_______________________________________________________________

42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.

Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.

_______________________________________________________________

43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words)

_______________________________________________________________

第二节(20分)

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信提及他参加了学校举办的“从地标建筑读懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活动。请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件，谈谈你的想法。内容包括：

1.你推荐的城市及其地标建筑；

2.推荐理由。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：地标landmark

Dear Jim,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua