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2023届辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体高三下学期二模联考英语试题（含答案）
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这是一份2023届辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体高三下学期二模联考英语试题（含答案），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，告知信/通知，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体高三下学期二模联考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A New Campaign to Stress the Benefits of a Balanced Diet
Look out for a new TV campaign, entitled “Eat Balanced”, which will highlight the continued benefits of eating meat and dairy (奶制的) products as part of a balanced diet.
Introduction
The campaign spearheaded by the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) will appear on TV, social media and supermarket packaging and aims to highlight the nutritional benefits of enjoying red meat and dairy, while showing Britain’s world-class standards in food production and sustainability.
Basis
The campaign will be built on the following three key messages about meat and diary products:
●Meat and dairy products contain vitamin B12, an essential nutrient not naturally present in vegan diet;
●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are produced to world-class standards;
●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are among the most sustainable in the world.
The Aim
AHDB is conveying a message to consumers for a bright new year—enjoy the food you eat.
AHDB’s Chief Communications and Market Development Officer Christine Watts says, “In Britain, we have so much to be proud of when it comes to the food we eat, how it’s produced and the entire journey from farm to fork. Our farmers operate farms in the excellent way, so our food meets the international criterion. This campaign is aimed to balance the negative commentary around farming, as well as highlight the importance of eating meat and dairy products as part of a balanced and healthy diet.”
1．What is the new campaign based on?
A．British eating habits. B．Corporate advertising.
C．Some supermarket regulations. D．Some important food information.
2．What message does Christine Watts convey?
A．British food is up to standard. B．British food is short of supply.
C．British farmers are fond of meat. D．British farmers are hard-working.
3．What section of a magazine is the text most probably taken from?
A．Society and economy. B．Health and diet.
C．Industry and production. D．Agriculture and farming.
Wildlife photographer Sam Turley and his wife Vera found a two-week-old blesbok (南非白面大羚羊)—whom they named Meme—on her own. She was spotted wandering around on her own after her mother passed away.
The pair took Meme in and raised the animal themselves for seven months before releasing her back out into the wild. Neither of them had ever raised a blesbok before. So it required a huge amount of patience and compassion to keep her fit and healthy but it deserved the effort. Meme would follow Vera wherever she went and sometimes the couple would have a blesbok, a dog and a cat all walking together. In the right areas, the blesbok is a really common antelope to see and is therefore often overlooked and under-appreciated. It was a privilege to be let into the blesbok’s secret world and they learned more about the blesbok than they thought was ever possible.
After releasing Meme back out into the wild, the couple were convinced they would never see her again, until several months later when they were driving around a reserve and happened to come across a herd of blesboks.
Vera called out Meme’s name in the hope of finding Meme. Blesboks all look very similar to one another, which makes it very difficult to distinguish individuals. When Vera started to talk, the herd raised their heads and looked over. Vera continued to call Meme and as all the other blesboks lost interest, one individual held her gaze and ran straight up to her.
After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. But after having such a strong bond with an animal, it was really difficult to see her go. They had put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile.
4．What happened to Meme when she was spotted?
A．She became an orphan. B．She was lost in the forest.
C．She was hunted by a couple. D．She was abandoned by her mother.
5．What was Meme’s life with the couple like?
A．She was rare to be seen outside.
B．She was hard to be artificially fed.
C．She fitted in well with the whole family.
D．She was under-appreciated in the family.
6．Which word can best explain the underlined word “fend” in the last paragraph?
A．Look. B．Care.
C．Search. D．Hunt.
7．Which of the following can best describe the act of rescuing the blesbok?
A．Effortless. B．Unsatisfactory.
C．Rewarding. D．Heartbreaking.
Some 20 percent of adults are procrastinators (拖延症患者). Everyone might put off a task or two, but long-term procrastinators do it at home, at school, at work and in their relationships.
For years, researchers have focused on the personalities of people who procrastinate. The results suggest procrastinators may be impulsive (冲动), worriers and have trouble regulating their emotions. But procrastinators are not lazy. They’re actually very busy doing other things than what they’re supposed to be doing. Though procrastinators may think they perform better under pressure, studies have reported the opposite. And when deadlines are uncertain, procrastinators tend to delay their work.
When people put off a tough task, they feel good-in the moment. Procrastinating is a way to avoid the negative emotions linked to the task. But the relief it provides is only temporary, and many seek out ways to stop procrastinating.
In fact, most research today suggests procrastination is a behavioral pattern, which means it’s something you can change, regardless of whether you’re impulsive. What works best is still under research. Some scientists have reported success with time management. But the evidence for that is all over the map. That’s because poor time management is a symptom not a cause of procrastination.
For some procrastinators, seemingly obvious tips can work. Researchers advise students to simply put down their smartphones. Silencing notifications or studying in the library rather than at home can regulate distractions and keep people on task. But that won’t be enough for many people. Stubborn procrastinators may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法). This type of therapy, which involves managing thoughts and emotions and trying to change behavior, seemed to be the most helpful. Still, not many studies have examined treatments, and there’s room for improvement.
8．What does procrastination mean to longtime procrastinators?
A．A personal advantage. B．A habitual behavior.
C．A working motivation. D．An excuse for laziness.
9．What do experts think of procrastinators?
A．They are inactive. B．They are efficient.
C．They are anxious. D．They are careful.
10．What causes people to procrastinate?
A．Their temporary relief from the stress.
B．Their imperfection in personalities.
C．Their poor time management at work.
D．Their high ability to deal with hard work.
11．What may be the best procrastination treatment according to the text?
A．Avoiding smartphones. B．Proper studying places.
C．Good time management. D．Cognitive behavioral therapy.
From the moment we are born, we interact with the world through movement. We move our lips to smile or to talk. We extend our hand to touch. How does our brain remember this wide range of motions? How does it learn new ones? How does it make the calculations necessary for us to grab a glass of water, without dropping it, squashing it, or missing it?
Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron (单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery. They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons, but within each individual neuron. It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch, but a complicated calculating machine.
This discovery, published recently in the Science, promises changes not only to our understanding of how the brain works, but better understanding of conditions ranging from Parkinson’s disease to autism. And if that isn’t enough, these same findings are expected to advance machine learning, providing inspiration for new architectures.
“We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle, which either rings, or doesn’t,” Prof. Schiller explains. “Instead, we are looking at a piano. Its keys can be struck at the same time, or in order, producing an infinity (无限) of different tunes.” This complex music playing in our brains is what enables us to learn and perform an infinity of different, complex and precise movements.
These same findings can also serve as an inspiration for the machine learning community. Deep neural networks, as their name suggests, attempt to create software that learns and functions somewhat similarly to a human brain. Although their advances constantly make the news, these networks are primitive compared to a living brain. A better understanding of how our brain actually works can help in designing more complex neural networks, enabling them to perform more complex tasks.
12．Why does the author raise the questions in paragraph 1?
A．To pursue answers. B．To raise his puzzles.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To share his interest
13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The result of the research.
B．The function of a single neuron.
C．The way the research was conducted.
D．The aspects the discovery can be applied to.
14．What does Schiller stress in her explanation in paragraph 4?
A．The way that neurons work.
B．The music that neurons play.
C．The difficulties that researchers encounter.
D．The process where neurons produce memory.
15．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Individual Neuron Works like a Piano
B．Calculation Happens Between Neurons like a Machine
C．Complex Neural Networks in the Brain Enable People to Learn
D．The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered
二、七选五
Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do. Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged. Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done. ____16____ But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. It is because our life is complicated and tough. And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must ____17____. We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man’s success. Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do.
What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. ____18____ It is only for his undefeated perseverance that’ we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries.
____19____ He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever.
All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance. ____20____ If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful nation in the near future.
A．Every action has its reaction.
B．It is a unique precondition to success in life.
C．In human life, perseverance plays a very important role.
D．Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.
E．Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance.
F．The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.
G．He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.
三、完形填空
It was June a few years ago right around the Summer Solstice (夏至). The first fireflies (萤火虫) had appeared, ____21____ on and off in the woods around my house. What a(n) ____22____ it was to see them again! How amazing the natural life was! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____23____.
As the daylight ____24____, I saw some children trying to catch the fireflies in the dark. A girl went inside and came back with a clear glass bottle. After several ____25____ attempts, she went to run after another one ____26____. Anyway, she was very happy.
All the other children including me were very ____27____. We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. Soon the girl’s mom walked to us’ and told us it was time to set the fireflies ____28____. One of the children disagreed. But the girl’s mom explained that the fireflies would die if left in the ____29____. Then she said something that still stays in my mind now, “Let them go so they can share their _____30_____ with the rest of the world!” Finally, we knew the meaning of life.
I _____31_____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, “This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!” But as adults we find it _____32_____ to do so. We often forget to share.
Don’t _____33_____ your “light”. Don’t keep it in a “bottle”. Share your “light”, no matter how _____34_____ it may be. Let love light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. Learn from the lightening fireflies and let the “light” within you _____35_____ the darkness away.
21．A．burning B．flashing C．showing D．getting
22．A．scare B．idea C．joy D．honour
23．A．children B．adults C．warmth D．nature
24．A．broke out B．got around C．faded away D．came up
25．A．unsuccessful B．inactive C．smooth D．simple
26．A．instead B．often C．initially D．angrily
27．A．doubtful B．afraid C．calm D．curious
28．A．close B．loose C．alone D．still
29．A．bottle B．sky C．air D．house
30．A．power B．sound C．light D．energy
31．A．supported B．remembered C．regretted D．considered
32．A．necessary B．good C．useless D．hard
33．A．pass B．absorb C．hide D．share
34．A．colorful B．fast C．long D．weak
35．A．take B．drive C．give D．put
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ever wonder___36___it would feel like to hide away in a dark cave without being connected to the outside world for 40 days? Fifteen people in France just did that. The group___37___(live) in a cave as part of the Deep Time project. The project was conducted by scientists from the Human Adaptation Institute, who wanted to see how they would react to and cope with being___38___(total) disconnected from the modern world. Since the volunteers___39___(cut) off from the outside world, they had to rely___40___their body clock to know when___41___ (wake) up, go to sleep and eat. As expected, those in the cave lost their sense of time. “Time seemed to pass more slowly in the underground cave, where there were neither clocks___42___sunlight,” said Deep Time’s director Christian Clot.
The majority of the volunteers said they enjoyed the experience of total isolation. Two-thirds expressed a desire to remain underground a while___43___(long) in order to finish projects they had started. “The experience tested humans’ ability to adjust___44___(they) to the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments,” said Clot. “We hope to better understand how our brains are capable of____45____(find) new solutions, whatever the situation.”
五、告知信/通知
46．假定你是李华，你的外国朋友John对中医很感兴趣，打算暑假来你市学习针灸（acupuncture）。请你给他写一封邮件，向他介绍针灸并推荐一位针灸老师，内容包括：
1. 简介针灸；
2. 推荐老师；
3. 表达祝福。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Referred to as my hero, Jack, my brother, held significance in my life. Since he did everything before me, he always guided me and shared with his experiences I would have never had otherwise. As a master of learning and sports, he always accompanied me to study and take exercise. And he even got me through difficulties in life.
My first steps into high school were exciting but nervous, and I believed my extracurricular grades would be seen and valued by colleges. However, this sudden shift was difficult for me. Luckily, my brother noticed it all.
During that time, Jack was beginning his senior year and was finished with all the stressful subjects from junior year while I was studying for my very first math exam. Rather than just break into my room and sit down next to me, he let me decide by myself. He didn’t want to bother me because having someone sit next to me and micromanage my every move made me feel uncomfortable, leading to more stress and a feeling of distrust. Knowing this, he would leave me chips and snacks by my door, so I could pick them up whenever I felt like taking a break. He was there to help whenever I needed. With his encouragement and company, I became more confident while doing my homework.
The workload was just a major struggle for me during high school. Homework from advanced classes began piling up, and I was often stressed about different projects and deadlines. Moreover, there was also a math competition that my parents valued a lot, which needed plenty of practice every single day.
Even though I liked the time my brother gave me to figure out things on my own, it was reassuring to always have somebody who was willing to help me when I was stuck on an unsolvable problem. He would help me memorize formulas, explain different terms to me, and point out traps in different questions. And with his reputation as the best math student in our school, he could make those topics and questions simple to understand.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I began to spend hours at my desk focusing on getting a good score in the math competition.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later Jack and I went to the same college and joined the same sports club.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一个名为“均衡饮食”的新电视宣传活动，该活动将强调食用肉类和奶制品作为均衡饮食的一部分的持续好处。
1．细节理解题。根据Basis部分“The campaign will be built on the following three key messages about meat and diary products: ●Meat and dairy products contain vitamin B12, an essential nutrient not naturally present in vegan diet; ●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are produced to world-class standards; ●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are among the most sustainable in the world. (该活动将围绕以下三个关于肉类和乳制品的关键信息展开：●肉类和乳制品含有维生素B12，这是纯素饮食中天然不存在的一种必需营养素；●英国生产的红肉和奶制品达到世界一流标准；●英国的红肉和奶制品是世界上最可持续的（食品）)”可知，倡导均衡饮食的新运动是以三个有关肉类及奶制品的关键信息为依据的。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段Christine Watts说的话“AHDB’s Chief Communications and Market Development Officer Christine Watts says, ‘In Britain, we have so much to be proud of when it comes to the food we eat, how it’s produced and the entire journey from farm to fork. Our farmers operate farms in the excellent way, so our food meets the international criterion. (AHDB的首席沟通和市场发展官克里斯汀·沃茨说：‘在英国，我们吃的食物、食物的生产方式以及从农场到餐桌的整个过程都值得我们骄傲。我们的农民以卓越的方式经营农场，所以我们的食物符合国际标准。)”可知，Christine Watts认为，因为英国的农以优良的方式经营农场，所以英国的食物是符合国际标准的。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“A New Campaign to Stress the Benefits of a Balanced Diet (一项强调均衡饮食益处的新运动)”可知，本文最可能来自杂志的健康和饮食专栏。故选B项。
4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。野生动物摄影师Sam和妻子Vera救了一只两周龄的南非白面大羚羊并为其取名Meme，七个月后把她成功放归野外，几个月后再次与她意外相遇。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wildlife photographer Sam Turley and his wife Vera found a two-week-old blesbok (南非白面大羚羊)—whom they named Meme—on her own. She was spotted wandering around on her own after her mother passed away. (野生动物摄影师萨姆·特利和他的妻子维拉发现了一只两周大的南非白面大羚羊独自（呆着），他们给它取名为Meme。在她母亲去世后，有人看到她独自四处游荡。)”可知，野生动物摄影师Sam和他妻子Vera发现了一只南非白面大羚羊独自在周围游荡，她的母亲已经去世。所以Meme在被发现时成了孤儿。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Meme would follow Vera wherever she went and sometimes the couple would have a blesbok, a dog and a cat all walking together. (无论薇拉走到哪里，Meme都会跟着她，有时，这对夫妇会带着一只南非白面大羚羊、一只狗和一只猫一起散步。)”可知，Meme在这个家里很适应。故选C项。
6．词句推测题。根据划线词所在句“After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. (在拯救了这只孤独的动物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把她放回野外让她自己fend，这让他们非常激动——尽管他们知道这是一件正确的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面大羚羊救回并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意为“照看，照料”，与Care意思相近，故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“So it required a huge amount of patience and compassion to keep her fit and healthy but it deserved the effort. (所以这需要极大的耐心和同情心来保持她的健康，但这是值得的。)”，第二段最后一句“It was a privilege to be let into the blesbok’s secret world and they learned more about the blesbok than they thought was ever possible. (被允许进入南非白面大羚羊的秘密世界是一种特权，他们对南非白面大羚羊的了解比他们想象的要多。)”，以及最后一段最后一句“They had put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile. (他们花了那么多的时间、精力和精力来抚养她，但看到她在一群南非白面大羚羊中行走，这一切都值得了。)”可知，救下这只南非白面大羚羊以及之后的一切付出都是值得的，故选C项。
8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了拖延症的定义、原因以及疗法。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Some 20 percent of adults are procrastinators (拖延症患者). Everyone might put off a task or two, but long-term procrastinators do it at home, at school, at work and in their relationships. (大约20%的成年人是拖延症患者。每个人都可能会推迟一两个任务，但长期拖延者会在家里、学校、工作和人际关系中拖延。)”可知，长期拖延症患者不只是在任务上拖延，而是生活中的方方面面都是如此，这说明拖延已经成为他们的一种习惯。故选B项。
9． 推理判断题。根据第二段“The results suggest procrastinators may be impulsive (冲动), worriers and have trouble regulating their emotions. But procrastinators are not lazy. They’re actually very busy doing other things than what they’re supposed to be doing. (研究结果表明，拖延者可能很冲动，是个发愁的人，难以控制自己的情绪。但是拖延者并不懒惰。他们实际上忙着做其他事情，而不是他们应该做的事情。)”可知，专家们认为拖延症患者冲动而且焦虑（anxious.），管理不好自己的情绪，干活不偷懒，但是却是瞎忙。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“When people put off a tough task, they feel good-in the moment. Procrastinating is a way to avoid the negative emotions linked to the task. But the relief it provides is only temporary, and many seek out ways to stop procrastinating. (当人们推迟一项艰巨的任务时，他们在那一刻感觉很好。拖延是一种避免与任务相关的负面情绪的方法。但它提供的缓解只是暂时的，许多人都在寻找停止拖延的方法。)”可知，拖延会使人短暂地从压力中解脱出来，避免与任务相关的负面情绪，所以导致人们拖延。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For some procrastinators, seemingly obvious tips can work. Researchers advise students to simply put down their smartphones. Silencing notifications or studying in the library rather than at home can regulate distractions and keep people on task. But that won’t be enough for many people. Stubborn procrastinators may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法). This type of therapy, which involves managing thoughts and emotions and trying to change behavior, seemed to be the most helpful. (对于一些拖延症患者来说，看似显而易见的建议是有效的。研究人员建议学生们放下智能手机。将通知静音或在图书馆学习，而不是在家里学习，可以控制干扰，让人们专注于工作。但这对很多人来说还不够。顽固的拖延症患者可能会从认知行为疗法中受益。这种类型的治疗，包括管理思想和情绪，并试图改变行为，似乎是最有帮助的。)”可知，相比于放下手机，选择适合的学习环境，包括了思想和情绪管理以及试图改变行为的认知行为疗法似乎是最有帮助的。故选D项。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑是如何记住每一个动作的呢？它如何学习新的知识？Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了谜团。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“From the moment we are born, we interact with the world through movement. We move our lips to smile or to talk. We extend our hand to touch. How does our brain remember this wide range of motions? How does it learn new ones? How does it make the calculations necessary for us to grab a glass of water, without dropping it, squashing it, or missing it? (从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就通过运动与世界互动。我们动嘴唇是为了微笑或说话。我们伸出手去触摸。我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？它是如何进行必要的计算，让我们抓起一杯水，而不掉到地上，压扁它，或者错过它？)”，第二段第一句“Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron (单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery. (以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团)”可知，作者从我们日常生活中所做的动作开始，提出了几个问题，是为了引入话题——我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？故选C项。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This discovery, published recently in the Science, promises changes not only to our understanding of how the brain works, but better understanding of conditions ranging from Parkinson’s disease to autism. And if that isn’t enough, these same findings are expected to advance machine learning, providing inspiration for new architectures. (最近发表在《科学》杂志上的这一发现，不仅有望改变我们对大脑工作方式的理解，还有望更好地理解从帕金森病到自闭症等各种疾病。如果这还不够，这些相同的发现有望推动机器学习，为新架构提供灵感)”可知，这一发现有助于我们对大脑工作方式的新的理解，还可帮助我们更好地理解各种疾病、推动机器学习，因此本段主要介绍了该发现可以应用的方面。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle, which either rings, or doesn’t,’ Prof. Schiller explains. ‘Instead, we are looking at a piano. Its keys can be struck at the same time, or in order, producing an infinity (无限) of different tunes.’ (席勒教授解释说：‘我们过去把每个神经元看作一种哨子，要么响，要么不响。相反，我们看到的是一架钢琴。它的琴键可以同时敲击，也可以按顺序敲击，从而产生无限不同的曲调。’)”可知，Schiller推翻了以往的对神经元的工作原理的理解，而是把神经元比喻成一架钢琴，强调的是神经元的运作方式。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“How does our brain remember this wide range of motions? How does it learn new ones? (我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？)”，第二段“Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron (单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery. They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons, but within each individual neuron. It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch, but a complicated calculating machine.(以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团。他们发现，计算不仅发生在神经元之间的相互作用中，而且发生在每个单独的神经元内部。事实证明，这些细胞中的每一个都不是一个简单的开关，而是一个复杂的计算机器。)”可知，科学家揭开了人脑学习和记忆动作的奥秘，“The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered (学习和记忆运动的奥秘已被揭开)”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
16．F 17．B 18．G 19．E 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历，论述了在通向成功的路上坚持不懈的重要性。
16．根据下文“But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. (但现实是，人的成功取决于他是否能成功地完成最艰巨的任务)”可知，此处说明人的成功在于完成最难的任务，F项“The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy. (第一次尝试容易完成的任务无疑是非常容易的)”与下文为转折关系，话题与tasks的难易有关，故选F项。
17．根据上文“And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must. (要在这场艰苦的战斗中取得胜利，毅力和努力是必须的)”可知，此处说明了毅力和努力是人生成功的必要条件，B项“It is a unique precondition to success in life. (这是人生成功的唯一先决条件)”能够衔接上文，B项中的it指代上文中“毅力和努力”这一必要条件，上下文衔接连贯，故选B项。
18．根据上文“What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. (世界著名的科学家艾萨克·牛顿爵士经过12年的不懈努力所取得的成果被他的爱犬给毁了。但这丝毫不能使他气馁)”可知，尽管牛顿的12年努力的成果被他的爱犬给毁了，G项“He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.(通过多年的努力和坚持不懈，他能够再次做到这一点)”能够衔接上文，G项中的He指代上文的the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton，do it again与前文呼应，在又一次的多年努力和坚持下，他取得了成果，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。
19．根据下文“He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever. (经过几个月艰苦的海上航行，他千辛万苦才到达目的地。他发现了从西班牙到美洲的道路，为世界提供了一条与美洲交流的新路线。他坚持不懈的这一成果将永远被世人所铭记)”可知，此处提到的人物是个航海家，E项“Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance. (哥伦布给我们留下了一个坚持不懈的冒险故事)”符合本段语境，下文中的He指代F项中的Columbus，下文阐述了哥伦布的冒险经历以及意义，上下文连贯顺畅，故选E项。
20．根据上文“All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance. (历史上所有伟人的名字都是用坚韧不拔的毅力写成金字的)”可知，此处说明成就大事业的伟人都具备坚韧不拔的毅力，D项“Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us. (他们的成功将永远是我们的完美榜样)”能够衔接上文，D项中的Their指代上文中的All the great men，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述小女孩的妈妈要孩子们把瓶子里的萤火虫放归大自然，让萤火虫可以和世界分享他们的光明这个故事，呼吁人们要像萤火虫那样，无论自己的光芒是多么的微弱，也不忘分享，让爱照亮你的心灵，并奉献给全世界。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一批萤火虫出现了，在我家周围的树林里忽隐忽现。A. burning燃烧；B. flashing闪烁；C. showing显示；D. getting得到。根据下文“How amazing the natural life was! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (自然界的生命是多么奇妙啊！他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。)”可知，晚上的萤火虫会发光闪烁，flashing符合语境。故选B项
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次见到他们是多么高兴啊! A. scare吓唬；B. idea想法；C. joy喜悦；D. honour荣誉。根据下文“Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。)”可知，作者看见萤火虫，内心充满喜悦（joy）。故选C项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。A. children儿童；B. adults成人；C. warmth温暖；D. nature自然。根据上文“How amazing the natural life was! (自然界的生命是多么奇妙啊！)”，以及本句的前半句Their small light made me smile，作者对大自然（nature）心存感激。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：天色渐暗，我看见一些孩子在黑暗中捉萤火虫。A. broke out爆发；B. got around绕过；C. faded away消失；D. came up出现。根据句中catch the fireflies in the dark可知，夜幕降临，故日光逐渐消失（faded away），故选C项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在几次不成功的尝试之后，她转而去追另一个（萤火虫）。A. unsuccessful不成功的；B. inactive不活跃的；C. smooth平滑的；D. simple简单的。根据句中she went to run after another one instead，以及下一句“Anyway, she was very happy. (不管怎样，她很高兴)”可知，不管抓没抓到，小女孩很开心，可推知，小女孩的尝试没有成功（unsuccessful），改选A项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在几次不成功的尝试之后，她转而去追另一个（萤火虫）。A. instead代替；B. often经常；C. initially最初；D. angrily生气。根据前半句After several ____5____ attempts可知，几次尝试失败后，小女孩转而去追捕另一个萤火虫，instead符合语境。故选A项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：包括我在内的其他孩子都很好奇。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. afraid害怕的；C. calm冷静的；D. curious好奇的。根据下一句“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. (我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，作者和孩子一样，都好奇（curious）萤火虫怎么发光的。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，小女孩的妈妈走到我们面前，告诉我们是时候把萤火虫放出来了。A. close关闭的；B. loose不受束缚的；C. alone单独的；D. still静止的。根据下文“But the girl’s mom explained that the fireflies would die if left in the ____9____. (但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。)”以及“‘Let them go so they can share their ____10____ with the rest of the world!’ Finally, we knew the meaning of life. (让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明！)”可知，此处考查set sth loose，意为“释放某物”，与Let them go意思相近，故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。A. bottle瓶子；B. sky天空；C. air空气；D. house房子。根据上文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. (我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，萤火虫在瓶子（bottle）里。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明! A. power功率；B. sound声音；C. light光；D. energy能量。根据上文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle.( 我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，女孩的妈妈希望萤火虫被放归大自然，使萤火虫的光（light）能更多地被分享。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，“我的这一点光，我要让它发光！”A. supported支持；B. remembered记得；C. regretted后悔；D. considered考虑。根据空后的in our childhood，以及后一句“But as adults we find it ____12____ to do so. We often forget to share. (但作为成年人，我们发现很难做到这一点。我们常常忘记分享。)”可知，作者作为成年人，还记得（remembered）儿时的歌曲，故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但作为成年人，我们发现很难做到这一点。A. necessary必要的；B. good好的；C. useless无用的；D. hard困难的。根据上文“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，‘我的这一点光，我要让它发光！’)”,下文“We often forget to share.(我们常常忘记分享。)”可知，儿歌表达的意思是“把自己的光分享给别人”，而长大后却做不到分享，因为经常忘记分享，hard符合语境。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要隐藏你的“光芒”。A. pass通过；B. absorb吸收；C. hide隐藏；D. share分享。根据下一句“Don’t keep it in a ‘bottle’. Share your ‘light’, no matter how ____14____ it may be. Let love light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. (不要把它保存在‘瓶子’里。分享你的‘光芒’，不管它有多微弱。让爱照亮你的心灵，然后把它奉献给全世界。)”可知，作者想表达：哪怕只有一点点光，一点点的爱，都要记得奉献给世界，不私藏（hide）光芒。故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：分享你的“光芒”，不管它有多微弱。A. colorful富有色彩的；B. fast快的；C. long长的；D. weak微弱的。“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，‘我的这一点光，我要让它发光！’)”可知，每个人可能只有一点点光，即只有微弱的（weak）光。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：向发光的萤火虫学习，让你内心的“光”驱走黑暗。A. take取；B. drive驱动；C. give给；D. put放。此处考查动词短语drive away，意为“赶跑，使……离去”，我们应该像萤火虫的光照亮黑夜一样，奉献我们的内心的光，心中的爱，驱赶走世间的黑暗。故选B项。
36．what 37．lived 38．totally 39．were cut 40．on/upon 41．to wake 42．nor 43．longer 44．themselves 45．finding
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了法国的人类适应研究所的科学家进行一项与外界隔绝的实验，以了解人类会如何应对与现代世界的脱节。
36．考查名词性从句。句意：有没有想过在黑暗的洞穴里躲40天不与外界联系会是什么感觉？分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，因空白处在句子中作宾语指物，使用what连接宾语从句，故填what。
37．考查时态。句意：作为“深度时间”项目的一部分，这群人住在一个洞穴里。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，使用一般过去时，故填lived。
38．考查副词。句意：该项目由人类适应研究所的科学家进行，他们想看看自己将如何应对与现代世界完全脱节的情况。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰非谓语动词being disconnected，使用副词，故填totally。
39．考查时态和语态。句意：由于志愿者与外界隔绝，他们不得不依靠自己的生物钟来知道什么时候起床、睡觉和吃饭。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，又因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，使用一般过去时的被动语态，因主语为复数，故填were cut。
40．考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，rely on/upon为固定短语，含义为：依靠……，与句子表达的含义一致，故填on/upon。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子中结构，空白处与前面的疑问副词when构成了“疑问词+动词不定式”结构表示“什么时候做……”，在句子中作宾语，故填to wake。
42．考查连词。句意：在地下洞穴里，时间似乎过得更慢了，那里既没有时钟，也没有阳光。分词句子结构，neither...nor...为固定结构，含义为：既不……，也不……，与句子表达的含义一致，故填nor。
43．考查形容词比较级。句意：三分之二的人表示希望在地下再呆一段时间，以完成他们已经开始的项目。根据下文“in order to finish projects they had started(以完成他们已经开始的项目)”可知，句子表达的是比原计划更长的时间，使用形容词的比较级，故填longer。
44．考查代词。句意：这一经历考验了人类适应生活条件和环境突然发生的巨大变化的能力。分析句子结构，adjust oneself to为固定短语，含义为：使自己适应于……，因此空白处应填反身代词，应用themselves代指上文的humans，故填themselves。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望更好地了解我们的大脑是如何能够找到新的解决方案的，无论在什么情况下。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的介词of可知空白处应填动名词作宾语，故填finding。
46．Dear John,
I’m more than glad to hear you’ll come to China to study acupuncture this summer vacation. As is known to all, acupuncture is a cultural heritage unique to China, which dates back to more than 2,000 years ago. Besides, acupuncture is much greener and simpler compared to Western medicine as it uses no drugs. When it comes to acupuncture teachers, I recommend my uncle Mr Zhang, who is a college teacher and an expert in this field. By the way, you can stay at my home during your stay here if you like.
Wish you a wonderful experience!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给对中医很感兴趣并打算暑假来你市学习针灸的外国朋友John写一封邮件，向他介绍针灸并推荐一位针灸老师，并表达祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad → delighted
追溯到：date back to → date from
此外：besides → what’s more
超过：more than→ over
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：As is known to all, acupuncture is a cultural heritage unique to China, which dates back to more than 2,000 years ago.
拓展句：It is known to all that acupuncture, dating back to more than 2,000 years ago, is a cultural heritage unique to China.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As is known to all, acupuncture is a cultural heritage unique to China, which dates back to more than 2,000 years ago.（运用了as和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】When it comes to acupuncture teachers, I recommend my uncle Mr Zhang, who is a college teacher and an expert in this field.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
47．参考范文：
I began to spend hours at my desk focusing on getting a good score in the math competition. During those times of stress, I became almost like a workaholic, trying to finish assignments no matter how long it might take or how late into the night it might go. This was because I understood that all of this practice was also valuable to my future. My brother knew it took more energy, so he persuaded me to give my brain some rest. Kicking a football with him slowly helped my doubts and worries fade, so I knew it very helpful working with a healthy schedule.
Later Jack and I went to the same college and joined the same sports club. The first college football game was coming up. We were working hard to prepare for it. Jack taught me many football skills, such as shooting, passing, dribbling and defense. When I was skilled enough at playing football, it was time to compete. The game was intense as expected and everybody tried their best. At last, Jack passed me a ball, and I succeeded in shooting it into the goal. That was the key shot and finally our team won. Bearing my hero, Jack, always in heart, I was inspired to overcome any challenge.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者刚入高中，因为作业、数学比赛而每日压力很大，他的朋友杰克——一个学习和运动的大师——默默地帮助、陪伴作者，作者每日努力完成任务，杰克说服作者一起去踢球以释放压力，作者和杰克考了同一所大学后，俩人一样加入体育俱乐部，杰克教了作者很多足球技巧，并使作者在比赛中踢入制胜球。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我开始花几个小时坐在书桌前，专注于在数学竞赛中取得好成绩”可知，第一段可描写作者学习很努力，压力也很大，杰克说服作者去踢球释放压力。
②由第二段首句内容“后来杰克和我去了同一所大学，加入了同一个体育俱乐部”可知，第二段可描写作者和杰克在俱乐部踢足球，作者又得到了杰克的帮助学习球技，并在比赛中得到杰克传球，踢入制胜球。
2.续写线索：作者压力大拼命学习——杰克带作者踢球释压力——去同一个大学——一起加入足球俱乐部——杰克帮助练球技——作者踢入制胜球
3.词汇激活
行为类
①完成：finish / complete
②说服某人做某事：persuade sb to do sth / argue sb into doing sth
③走近：come up / approach
情绪类
①激烈的：intense / fierce
②激励，鼓舞：inspire / stimulate
【点睛】[高分句型1]During those times of stress, I became almost like a workaholic, trying to finish assignments no matter how long it might take or how late into the night it might go.（运用了现在分词作状语，动词不定式作宾语，由连接词no matter how引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]This was because I understood that all of this practice was also valuable to my future.（运用了由because 引导的表语从句，that引导的宾语从句）
2023届辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体高三下学期二模联考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A New Campaign to Stress the Benefits of a Balanced Diet
Look out for a new TV campaign, entitled “Eat Balanced”, which will highlight the continued benefits of eating meat and dairy (奶制的) products as part of a balanced diet.
Introduction
The campaign spearheaded by the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) will appear on TV, social media and supermarket packaging and aims to highlight the nutritional benefits of enjoying red meat and dairy, while showing Britain’s world-class standards in food production and sustainability.
Basis
The campaign will be built on the following three key messages about meat and diary products:
●Meat and dairy products contain vitamin B12, an essential nutrient not naturally present in vegan diet;
●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are produced to world-class standards;
●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are among the most sustainable in the world.
The Aim
AHDB is conveying a message to consumers for a bright new year—enjoy the food you eat.
AHDB’s Chief Communications and Market Development Officer Christine Watts says, “In Britain, we have so much to be proud of when it comes to the food we eat, how it’s produced and the entire journey from farm to fork. Our farmers operate farms in the excellent way, so our food meets the international criterion. This campaign is aimed to balance the negative commentary around farming, as well as highlight the importance of eating meat and dairy products as part of a balanced and healthy diet.”
1．What is the new campaign based on?
A．British eating habits. B．Corporate advertising.
C．Some supermarket regulations. D．Some important food information.
2．What message does Christine Watts convey?
A．British food is up to standard. B．British food is short of supply.
C．British farmers are fond of meat. D．British farmers are hard-working.
3．What section of a magazine is the text most probably taken from?
A．Society and economy. B．Health and diet.
C．Industry and production. D．Agriculture and farming.
Wildlife photographer Sam Turley and his wife Vera found a two-week-old blesbok (南非白面大羚羊)—whom they named Meme—on her own. She was spotted wandering around on her own after her mother passed away.
The pair took Meme in and raised the animal themselves for seven months before releasing her back out into the wild. Neither of them had ever raised a blesbok before. So it required a huge amount of patience and compassion to keep her fit and healthy but it deserved the effort. Meme would follow Vera wherever she went and sometimes the couple would have a blesbok, a dog and a cat all walking together. In the right areas, the blesbok is a really common antelope to see and is therefore often overlooked and under-appreciated. It was a privilege to be let into the blesbok’s secret world and they learned more about the blesbok than they thought was ever possible.
After releasing Meme back out into the wild, the couple were convinced they would never see her again, until several months later when they were driving around a reserve and happened to come across a herd of blesboks.
Vera called out Meme’s name in the hope of finding Meme. Blesboks all look very similar to one another, which makes it very difficult to distinguish individuals. When Vera started to talk, the herd raised their heads and looked over. Vera continued to call Meme and as all the other blesboks lost interest, one individual held her gaze and ran straight up to her.
After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. But after having such a strong bond with an animal, it was really difficult to see her go. They had put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile.
4．What happened to Meme when she was spotted?
A．She became an orphan. B．She was lost in the forest.
C．She was hunted by a couple. D．She was abandoned by her mother.
5．What was Meme’s life with the couple like?
A．She was rare to be seen outside.
B．She was hard to be artificially fed.
C．She fitted in well with the whole family.
D．She was under-appreciated in the family.
6．Which word can best explain the underlined word “fend” in the last paragraph?
A．Look. B．Care.
C．Search. D．Hunt.
7．Which of the following can best describe the act of rescuing the blesbok?
A．Effortless. B．Unsatisfactory.
C．Rewarding. D．Heartbreaking.
Some 20 percent of adults are procrastinators (拖延症患者). Everyone might put off a task or two, but long-term procrastinators do it at home, at school, at work and in their relationships.
For years, researchers have focused on the personalities of people who procrastinate. The results suggest procrastinators may be impulsive (冲动), worriers and have trouble regulating their emotions. But procrastinators are not lazy. They’re actually very busy doing other things than what they’re supposed to be doing. Though procrastinators may think they perform better under pressure, studies have reported the opposite. And when deadlines are uncertain, procrastinators tend to delay their work.
When people put off a tough task, they feel good-in the moment. Procrastinating is a way to avoid the negative emotions linked to the task. But the relief it provides is only temporary, and many seek out ways to stop procrastinating.
In fact, most research today suggests procrastination is a behavioral pattern, which means it’s something you can change, regardless of whether you’re impulsive. What works best is still under research. Some scientists have reported success with time management. But the evidence for that is all over the map. That’s because poor time management is a symptom not a cause of procrastination.
For some procrastinators, seemingly obvious tips can work. Researchers advise students to simply put down their smartphones. Silencing notifications or studying in the library rather than at home can regulate distractions and keep people on task. But that won’t be enough for many people. Stubborn procrastinators may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法). This type of therapy, which involves managing thoughts and emotions and trying to change behavior, seemed to be the most helpful. Still, not many studies have examined treatments, and there’s room for improvement.
8．What does procrastination mean to longtime procrastinators?
A．A personal advantage. B．A habitual behavior.
C．A working motivation. D．An excuse for laziness.
9．What do experts think of procrastinators?
A．They are inactive. B．They are efficient.
C．They are anxious. D．They are careful.
10．What causes people to procrastinate?
A．Their temporary relief from the stress.
B．Their imperfection in personalities.
C．Their poor time management at work.
D．Their high ability to deal with hard work.
11．What may be the best procrastination treatment according to the text?
A．Avoiding smartphones. B．Proper studying places.
C．Good time management. D．Cognitive behavioral therapy.
From the moment we are born, we interact with the world through movement. We move our lips to smile or to talk. We extend our hand to touch. How does our brain remember this wide range of motions? How does it learn new ones? How does it make the calculations necessary for us to grab a glass of water, without dropping it, squashing it, or missing it?
Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron (单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery. They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons, but within each individual neuron. It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch, but a complicated calculating machine.
This discovery, published recently in the Science, promises changes not only to our understanding of how the brain works, but better understanding of conditions ranging from Parkinson’s disease to autism. And if that isn’t enough, these same findings are expected to advance machine learning, providing inspiration for new architectures.
“We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle, which either rings, or doesn’t,” Prof. Schiller explains. “Instead, we are looking at a piano. Its keys can be struck at the same time, or in order, producing an infinity (无限) of different tunes.” This complex music playing in our brains is what enables us to learn and perform an infinity of different, complex and precise movements.
These same findings can also serve as an inspiration for the machine learning community. Deep neural networks, as their name suggests, attempt to create software that learns and functions somewhat similarly to a human brain. Although their advances constantly make the news, these networks are primitive compared to a living brain. A better understanding of how our brain actually works can help in designing more complex neural networks, enabling them to perform more complex tasks.
12．Why does the author raise the questions in paragraph 1?
A．To pursue answers. B．To raise his puzzles.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To share his interest
13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The result of the research.
B．The function of a single neuron.
C．The way the research was conducted.
D．The aspects the discovery can be applied to.
14．What does Schiller stress in her explanation in paragraph 4?
A．The way that neurons work.
B．The music that neurons play.
C．The difficulties that researchers encounter.
D．The process where neurons produce memory.
15．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Individual Neuron Works like a Piano
B．Calculation Happens Between Neurons like a Machine
C．Complex Neural Networks in the Brain Enable People to Learn
D．The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered
二、七选五
Virtually, there is nothing that man cannot do. Only what he has to do is keep doing and doing without being discouraged. Success will come someday or other, though it may apparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done. ____16____ But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. It is because our life is complicated and tough. And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must ____17____. We can prove this fact when we look at the reality of life and the history of man’s success. Perseverance helps us do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do.
What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. ____18____ It is only for his undefeated perseverance that’ we have been able to have many inventions and discoveries.
____19____ He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever.
All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance. ____20____ If we all are perseverant in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful nation in the near future.
A．Every action has its reaction.
B．It is a unique precondition to success in life.
C．In human life, perseverance plays a very important role.
D．Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.
E．Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance.
F．The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.
G．He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.
三、完形填空
It was June a few years ago right around the Summer Solstice (夏至). The first fireflies (萤火虫) had appeared, ____21____ on and off in the woods around my house. What a(n) ____22____ it was to see them again! How amazing the natural life was! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____23____.
As the daylight ____24____, I saw some children trying to catch the fireflies in the dark. A girl went inside and came back with a clear glass bottle. After several ____25____ attempts, she went to run after another one ____26____. Anyway, she was very happy.
All the other children including me were very ____27____. We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. Soon the girl’s mom walked to us’ and told us it was time to set the fireflies ____28____. One of the children disagreed. But the girl’s mom explained that the fireflies would die if left in the ____29____. Then she said something that still stays in my mind now, “Let them go so they can share their _____30_____ with the rest of the world!” Finally, we knew the meaning of life.
I _____31_____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, “This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!” But as adults we find it _____32_____ to do so. We often forget to share.
Don’t _____33_____ your “light”. Don’t keep it in a “bottle”. Share your “light”, no matter how _____34_____ it may be. Let love light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. Learn from the lightening fireflies and let the “light” within you _____35_____ the darkness away.
21．A．burning B．flashing C．showing D．getting
22．A．scare B．idea C．joy D．honour
23．A．children B．adults C．warmth D．nature
24．A．broke out B．got around C．faded away D．came up
25．A．unsuccessful B．inactive C．smooth D．simple
26．A．instead B．often C．initially D．angrily
27．A．doubtful B．afraid C．calm D．curious
28．A．close B．loose C．alone D．still
29．A．bottle B．sky C．air D．house
30．A．power B．sound C．light D．energy
31．A．supported B．remembered C．regretted D．considered
32．A．necessary B．good C．useless D．hard
33．A．pass B．absorb C．hide D．share
34．A．colorful B．fast C．long D．weak
35．A．take B．drive C．give D．put
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ever wonder___36___it would feel like to hide away in a dark cave without being connected to the outside world for 40 days? Fifteen people in France just did that. The group___37___(live) in a cave as part of the Deep Time project. The project was conducted by scientists from the Human Adaptation Institute, who wanted to see how they would react to and cope with being___38___(total) disconnected from the modern world. Since the volunteers___39___(cut) off from the outside world, they had to rely___40___their body clock to know when___41___ (wake) up, go to sleep and eat. As expected, those in the cave lost their sense of time. “Time seemed to pass more slowly in the underground cave, where there were neither clocks___42___sunlight,” said Deep Time’s director Christian Clot.
The majority of the volunteers said they enjoyed the experience of total isolation. Two-thirds expressed a desire to remain underground a while___43___(long) in order to finish projects they had started. “The experience tested humans’ ability to adjust___44___(they) to the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments,” said Clot. “We hope to better understand how our brains are capable of____45____(find) new solutions, whatever the situation.”
五、告知信/通知
46．假定你是李华，你的外国朋友John对中医很感兴趣，打算暑假来你市学习针灸（acupuncture）。请你给他写一封邮件，向他介绍针灸并推荐一位针灸老师，内容包括：
1. 简介针灸；
2. 推荐老师；
3. 表达祝福。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Referred to as my hero, Jack, my brother, held significance in my life. Since he did everything before me, he always guided me and shared with his experiences I would have never had otherwise. As a master of learning and sports, he always accompanied me to study and take exercise. And he even got me through difficulties in life.
My first steps into high school were exciting but nervous, and I believed my extracurricular grades would be seen and valued by colleges. However, this sudden shift was difficult for me. Luckily, my brother noticed it all.
During that time, Jack was beginning his senior year and was finished with all the stressful subjects from junior year while I was studying for my very first math exam. Rather than just break into my room and sit down next to me, he let me decide by myself. He didn’t want to bother me because having someone sit next to me and micromanage my every move made me feel uncomfortable, leading to more stress and a feeling of distrust. Knowing this, he would leave me chips and snacks by my door, so I could pick them up whenever I felt like taking a break. He was there to help whenever I needed. With his encouragement and company, I became more confident while doing my homework.
The workload was just a major struggle for me during high school. Homework from advanced classes began piling up, and I was often stressed about different projects and deadlines. Moreover, there was also a math competition that my parents valued a lot, which needed plenty of practice every single day.
Even though I liked the time my brother gave me to figure out things on my own, it was reassuring to always have somebody who was willing to help me when I was stuck on an unsolvable problem. He would help me memorize formulas, explain different terms to me, and point out traps in different questions. And with his reputation as the best math student in our school, he could make those topics and questions simple to understand.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I began to spend hours at my desk focusing on getting a good score in the math competition.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later Jack and I went to the same college and joined the same sports club.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一个名为“均衡饮食”的新电视宣传活动，该活动将强调食用肉类和奶制品作为均衡饮食的一部分的持续好处。
1．细节理解题。根据Basis部分“The campaign will be built on the following three key messages about meat and diary products: ●Meat and dairy products contain vitamin B12, an essential nutrient not naturally present in vegan diet; ●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are produced to world-class standards; ●Red meat and dairy products from Britain are among the most sustainable in the world. (该活动将围绕以下三个关于肉类和乳制品的关键信息展开：●肉类和乳制品含有维生素B12，这是纯素饮食中天然不存在的一种必需营养素；●英国生产的红肉和奶制品达到世界一流标准；●英国的红肉和奶制品是世界上最可持续的（食品）)”可知，倡导均衡饮食的新运动是以三个有关肉类及奶制品的关键信息为依据的。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段Christine Watts说的话“AHDB’s Chief Communications and Market Development Officer Christine Watts says, ‘In Britain, we have so much to be proud of when it comes to the food we eat, how it’s produced and the entire journey from farm to fork. Our farmers operate farms in the excellent way, so our food meets the international criterion. (AHDB的首席沟通和市场发展官克里斯汀·沃茨说：‘在英国，我们吃的食物、食物的生产方式以及从农场到餐桌的整个过程都值得我们骄傲。我们的农民以卓越的方式经营农场，所以我们的食物符合国际标准。)”可知，Christine Watts认为，因为英国的农以优良的方式经营农场，所以英国的食物是符合国际标准的。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“A New Campaign to Stress the Benefits of a Balanced Diet (一项强调均衡饮食益处的新运动)”可知，本文最可能来自杂志的健康和饮食专栏。故选B项。
4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。野生动物摄影师Sam和妻子Vera救了一只两周龄的南非白面大羚羊并为其取名Meme，七个月后把她成功放归野外，几个月后再次与她意外相遇。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wildlife photographer Sam Turley and his wife Vera found a two-week-old blesbok (南非白面大羚羊)—whom they named Meme—on her own. She was spotted wandering around on her own after her mother passed away. (野生动物摄影师萨姆·特利和他的妻子维拉发现了一只两周大的南非白面大羚羊独自（呆着），他们给它取名为Meme。在她母亲去世后，有人看到她独自四处游荡。)”可知，野生动物摄影师Sam和他妻子Vera发现了一只南非白面大羚羊独自在周围游荡，她的母亲已经去世。所以Meme在被发现时成了孤儿。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Meme would follow Vera wherever she went and sometimes the couple would have a blesbok, a dog and a cat all walking together. (无论薇拉走到哪里，Meme都会跟着她，有时，这对夫妇会带着一只南非白面大羚羊、一只狗和一只猫一起散步。)”可知，Meme在这个家里很适应。故选C项。
6．词句推测题。根据划线词所在句“After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. (在拯救了这只孤独的动物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把她放回野外让她自己fend，这让他们非常激动——尽管他们知道这是一件正确的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面大羚羊救回并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意为“照看，照料”，与Care意思相近，故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“So it required a huge amount of patience and compassion to keep her fit and healthy but it deserved the effort. (所以这需要极大的耐心和同情心来保持她的健康，但这是值得的。)”，第二段最后一句“It was a privilege to be let into the blesbok’s secret world and they learned more about the blesbok than they thought was ever possible. (被允许进入南非白面大羚羊的秘密世界是一种特权，他们对南非白面大羚羊的了解比他们想象的要多。)”，以及最后一段最后一句“They had put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile. (他们花了那么多的时间、精力和精力来抚养她，但看到她在一群南非白面大羚羊中行走，这一切都值得了。)”可知，救下这只南非白面大羚羊以及之后的一切付出都是值得的，故选C项。
8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了拖延症的定义、原因以及疗法。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Some 20 percent of adults are procrastinators (拖延症患者). Everyone might put off a task or two, but long-term procrastinators do it at home, at school, at work and in their relationships. (大约20%的成年人是拖延症患者。每个人都可能会推迟一两个任务，但长期拖延者会在家里、学校、工作和人际关系中拖延。)”可知，长期拖延症患者不只是在任务上拖延，而是生活中的方方面面都是如此，这说明拖延已经成为他们的一种习惯。故选B项。
9． 推理判断题。根据第二段“The results suggest procrastinators may be impulsive (冲动), worriers and have trouble regulating their emotions. But procrastinators are not lazy. They’re actually very busy doing other things than what they’re supposed to be doing. (研究结果表明，拖延者可能很冲动，是个发愁的人，难以控制自己的情绪。但是拖延者并不懒惰。他们实际上忙着做其他事情，而不是他们应该做的事情。)”可知，专家们认为拖延症患者冲动而且焦虑（anxious.），管理不好自己的情绪，干活不偷懒，但是却是瞎忙。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“When people put off a tough task, they feel good-in the moment. Procrastinating is a way to avoid the negative emotions linked to the task. But the relief it provides is only temporary, and many seek out ways to stop procrastinating. (当人们推迟一项艰巨的任务时，他们在那一刻感觉很好。拖延是一种避免与任务相关的负面情绪的方法。但它提供的缓解只是暂时的，许多人都在寻找停止拖延的方法。)”可知，拖延会使人短暂地从压力中解脱出来，避免与任务相关的负面情绪，所以导致人们拖延。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For some procrastinators, seemingly obvious tips can work. Researchers advise students to simply put down their smartphones. Silencing notifications or studying in the library rather than at home can regulate distractions and keep people on task. But that won’t be enough for many people. Stubborn procrastinators may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (认知行为疗法). This type of therapy, which involves managing thoughts and emotions and trying to change behavior, seemed to be the most helpful. (对于一些拖延症患者来说，看似显而易见的建议是有效的。研究人员建议学生们放下智能手机。将通知静音或在图书馆学习，而不是在家里学习，可以控制干扰，让人们专注于工作。但这对很多人来说还不够。顽固的拖延症患者可能会从认知行为疗法中受益。这种类型的治疗，包括管理思想和情绪，并试图改变行为，似乎是最有帮助的。)”可知，相比于放下手机，选择适合的学习环境，包括了思想和情绪管理以及试图改变行为的认知行为疗法似乎是最有帮助的。故选D项。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑是如何记住每一个动作的呢？它如何学习新的知识？Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了谜团。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“From the moment we are born, we interact with the world through movement. We move our lips to smile or to talk. We extend our hand to touch. How does our brain remember this wide range of motions? How does it learn new ones? How does it make the calculations necessary for us to grab a glass of water, without dropping it, squashing it, or missing it? (从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就通过运动与世界互动。我们动嘴唇是为了微笑或说话。我们伸出手去触摸。我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？它是如何进行必要的计算，让我们抓起一杯水，而不掉到地上，压扁它，或者错过它？)”，第二段第一句“Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron (单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery. (以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团)”可知，作者从我们日常生活中所做的动作开始，提出了几个问题，是为了引入话题——我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？故选C项。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This discovery, published recently in the Science, promises changes not only to our understanding of how the brain works, but better understanding of conditions ranging from Parkinson’s disease to autism. And if that isn’t enough, these same findings are expected to advance machine learning, providing inspiration for new architectures. (最近发表在《科学》杂志上的这一发现，不仅有望改变我们对大脑工作方式的理解，还有望更好地理解从帕金森病到自闭症等各种疾病。如果这还不够，这些相同的发现有望推动机器学习，为新架构提供灵感)”可知，这一发现有助于我们对大脑工作方式的新的理解，还可帮助我们更好地理解各种疾病、推动机器学习，因此本段主要介绍了该发现可以应用的方面。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle, which either rings, or doesn’t,’ Prof. Schiller explains. ‘Instead, we are looking at a piano. Its keys can be struck at the same time, or in order, producing an infinity (无限) of different tunes.’ (席勒教授解释说：‘我们过去把每个神经元看作一种哨子，要么响，要么不响。相反，我们看到的是一架钢琴。它的琴键可以同时敲击，也可以按顺序敲击，从而产生无限不同的曲调。’)”可知，Schiller推翻了以往的对神经元的工作原理的理解，而是把神经元比喻成一架钢琴，强调的是神经元的运作方式。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“How does our brain remember this wide range of motions? How does it learn new ones? (我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？)”，第二段“Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron (单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery. They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons, but within each individual neuron. It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch, but a complicated calculating machine.(以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团。他们发现，计算不仅发生在神经元之间的相互作用中，而且发生在每个单独的神经元内部。事实证明，这些细胞中的每一个都不是一个简单的开关，而是一个复杂的计算机器。)”可知，科学家揭开了人脑学习和记忆动作的奥秘，“The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered (学习和记忆运动的奥秘已被揭开)”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
16．F 17．B 18．G 19．E 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过列举牛顿、哥伦布的经历，论述了在通向成功的路上坚持不懈的重要性。
16．根据下文“But the reality is that man’s success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully. (但现实是，人的成功取决于他是否能成功地完成最艰巨的任务)”可知，此处说明人的成功在于完成最难的任务，F项“The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy. (第一次尝试容易完成的任务无疑是非常容易的)”与下文为转折关系，话题与tasks的难易有关，故选F项。
17．根据上文“And to succeed in this tough battle, perseverance and hard work are a must. (要在这场艰苦的战斗中取得胜利，毅力和努力是必须的)”可知，此处说明了毅力和努力是人生成功的必要条件，B项“It is a unique precondition to success in life. (这是人生成功的唯一先决条件)”能够衔接上文，B项中的it指代上文中“毅力和努力”这一必要条件，上下文衔接连贯，故选B项。
18．根据上文“What the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years’ constant hard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. (世界著名的科学家艾萨克·牛顿爵士经过12年的不懈努力所取得的成果被他的爱犬给毁了。但这丝毫不能使他气馁)”可知，尽管牛顿的12年努力的成果被他的爱犬给毁了，G项“He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.(通过多年的努力和坚持不懈，他能够再次做到这一点)”能够衔接上文，G项中的He指代上文的the world-famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton，do it again与前文呼应，在又一次的多年努力和坚持下，他取得了成果，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。
19．根据下文“He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of the strenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered the world a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance will be generated by the world forever. (经过几个月艰苦的海上航行，他千辛万苦才到达目的地。他发现了从西班牙到美洲的道路，为世界提供了一条与美洲交流的新路线。他坚持不懈的这一成果将永远被世人所铭记)”可知，此处提到的人物是个航海家，E项“Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance. (哥伦布给我们留下了一个坚持不懈的冒险故事)”符合本段语境，下文中的He指代F项中的Columbus，下文阐述了哥伦布的冒险经历以及意义，上下文连贯顺畅，故选E项。
20．根据上文“All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means of perseverance. (历史上所有伟人的名字都是用坚韧不拔的毅力写成金字的)”可知，此处说明成就大事业的伟人都具备坚韧不拔的毅力，D项“Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us. (他们的成功将永远是我们的完美榜样)”能够衔接上文，D项中的Their指代上文中的All the great men，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述小女孩的妈妈要孩子们把瓶子里的萤火虫放归大自然，让萤火虫可以和世界分享他们的光明这个故事，呼吁人们要像萤火虫那样，无论自己的光芒是多么的微弱，也不忘分享，让爱照亮你的心灵，并奉献给全世界。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一批萤火虫出现了，在我家周围的树林里忽隐忽现。A. burning燃烧；B. flashing闪烁；C. showing显示；D. getting得到。根据下文“How amazing the natural life was! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (自然界的生命是多么奇妙啊！他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。)”可知，晚上的萤火虫会发光闪烁，flashing符合语境。故选B项
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次见到他们是多么高兴啊! A. scare吓唬；B. idea想法；C. joy喜悦；D. honour荣誉。根据下文“Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。)”可知，作者看见萤火虫，内心充满喜悦（joy）。故选C项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。A. children儿童；B. adults成人；C. warmth温暖；D. nature自然。根据上文“How amazing the natural life was! (自然界的生命是多么奇妙啊！)”，以及本句的前半句Their small light made me smile，作者对大自然（nature）心存感激。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：天色渐暗，我看见一些孩子在黑暗中捉萤火虫。A. broke out爆发；B. got around绕过；C. faded away消失；D. came up出现。根据句中catch the fireflies in the dark可知，夜幕降临，故日光逐渐消失（faded away），故选C项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在几次不成功的尝试之后，她转而去追另一个（萤火虫）。A. unsuccessful不成功的；B. inactive不活跃的；C. smooth平滑的；D. simple简单的。根据句中she went to run after another one instead，以及下一句“Anyway, she was very happy. (不管怎样，她很高兴)”可知，不管抓没抓到，小女孩很开心，可推知，小女孩的尝试没有成功（unsuccessful），改选A项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在几次不成功的尝试之后，她转而去追另一个（萤火虫）。A. instead代替；B. often经常；C. initially最初；D. angrily生气。根据前半句After several ____5____ attempts可知，几次尝试失败后，小女孩转而去追捕另一个萤火虫，instead符合语境。故选A项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：包括我在内的其他孩子都很好奇。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. afraid害怕的；C. calm冷静的；D. curious好奇的。根据下一句“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. (我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，作者和孩子一样，都好奇（curious）萤火虫怎么发光的。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，小女孩的妈妈走到我们面前，告诉我们是时候把萤火虫放出来了。A. close关闭的；B. loose不受束缚的；C. alone单独的；D. still静止的。根据下文“But the girl’s mom explained that the fireflies would die if left in the ____9____. (但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。)”以及“‘Let them go so they can share their ____10____ with the rest of the world!’ Finally, we knew the meaning of life. (让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明！)”可知，此处考查set sth loose，意为“释放某物”，与Let them go意思相近，故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。A. bottle瓶子；B. sky天空；C. air空气；D. house房子。根据上文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. (我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，萤火虫在瓶子（bottle）里。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明! A. power功率；B. sound声音；C. light光；D. energy能量。根据上文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle.( 我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，女孩的妈妈希望萤火虫被放归大自然，使萤火虫的光（light）能更多地被分享。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，“我的这一点光，我要让它发光！”A. supported支持；B. remembered记得；C. regretted后悔；D. considered考虑。根据空后的in our childhood，以及后一句“But as adults we find it ____12____ to do so. We often forget to share. (但作为成年人，我们发现很难做到这一点。我们常常忘记分享。)”可知，作者作为成年人，还记得（remembered）儿时的歌曲，故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但作为成年人，我们发现很难做到这一点。A. necessary必要的；B. good好的；C. useless无用的；D. hard困难的。根据上文“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，‘我的这一点光，我要让它发光！’)”,下文“We often forget to share.(我们常常忘记分享。)”可知，儿歌表达的意思是“把自己的光分享给别人”，而长大后却做不到分享，因为经常忘记分享，hard符合语境。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要隐藏你的“光芒”。A. pass通过；B. absorb吸收；C. hide隐藏；D. share分享。根据下一句“Don’t keep it in a ‘bottle’. Share your ‘light’, no matter how ____14____ it may be. Let love light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. (不要把它保存在‘瓶子’里。分享你的‘光芒’，不管它有多微弱。让爱照亮你的心灵，然后把它奉献给全世界。)”可知，作者想表达：哪怕只有一点点光，一点点的爱，都要记得奉献给世界，不私藏（hide）光芒。故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：分享你的“光芒”，不管它有多微弱。A. colorful富有色彩的；B. fast快的；C. long长的；D. weak微弱的。“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，‘我的这一点光，我要让它发光！’)”可知，每个人可能只有一点点光，即只有微弱的（weak）光。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：向发光的萤火虫学习，让你内心的“光”驱走黑暗。A. take取；B. drive驱动；C. give给；D. put放。此处考查动词短语drive away，意为“赶跑，使……离去”，我们应该像萤火虫的光照亮黑夜一样，奉献我们的内心的光，心中的爱，驱赶走世间的黑暗。故选B项。
36．what 37．lived 38．totally 39．were cut 40．on/upon 41．to wake 42．nor 43．longer 44．themselves 45．finding
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了法国的人类适应研究所的科学家进行一项与外界隔绝的实验，以了解人类会如何应对与现代世界的脱节。
36．考查名词性从句。句意：有没有想过在黑暗的洞穴里躲40天不与外界联系会是什么感觉？分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，因空白处在句子中作宾语指物，使用what连接宾语从句，故填what。
37．考查时态。句意：作为“深度时间”项目的一部分，这群人住在一个洞穴里。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，使用一般过去时，故填lived。
38．考查副词。句意：该项目由人类适应研究所的科学家进行，他们想看看自己将如何应对与现代世界完全脱节的情况。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰非谓语动词being disconnected，使用副词，故填totally。
39．考查时态和语态。句意：由于志愿者与外界隔绝，他们不得不依靠自己的生物钟来知道什么时候起床、睡觉和吃饭。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，又因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，使用一般过去时的被动语态，因主语为复数，故填were cut。
40．考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，rely on/upon为固定短语，含义为：依靠……，与句子表达的含义一致，故填on/upon。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子中结构，空白处与前面的疑问副词when构成了“疑问词+动词不定式”结构表示“什么时候做……”，在句子中作宾语，故填to wake。
42．考查连词。句意：在地下洞穴里，时间似乎过得更慢了，那里既没有时钟，也没有阳光。分词句子结构，neither...nor...为固定结构，含义为：既不……，也不……，与句子表达的含义一致，故填nor。
43．考查形容词比较级。句意：三分之二的人表示希望在地下再呆一段时间，以完成他们已经开始的项目。根据下文“in order to finish projects they had started(以完成他们已经开始的项目)”可知，句子表达的是比原计划更长的时间，使用形容词的比较级，故填longer。
44．考查代词。句意：这一经历考验了人类适应生活条件和环境突然发生的巨大变化的能力。分析句子结构，adjust oneself to为固定短语，含义为：使自己适应于……，因此空白处应填反身代词，应用themselves代指上文的humans，故填themselves。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望更好地了解我们的大脑是如何能够找到新的解决方案的，无论在什么情况下。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的介词of可知空白处应填动名词作宾语，故填finding。
46．Dear John,
I’m more than glad to hear you’ll come to China to study acupuncture this summer vacation. As is known to all, acupuncture is a cultural heritage unique to China, which dates back to more than 2,000 years ago. Besides, acupuncture is much greener and simpler compared to Western medicine as it uses no drugs. When it comes to acupuncture teachers, I recommend my uncle Mr Zhang, who is a college teacher and an expert in this field. By the way, you can stay at my home during your stay here if you like.
Wish you a wonderful experience!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给对中医很感兴趣并打算暑假来你市学习针灸的外国朋友John写一封邮件，向他介绍针灸并推荐一位针灸老师，并表达祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad → delighted
追溯到：date back to → date from
此外：besides → what’s more
超过：more than→ over
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：As is known to all, acupuncture is a cultural heritage unique to China, which dates back to more than 2,000 years ago.
拓展句：It is known to all that acupuncture, dating back to more than 2,000 years ago, is a cultural heritage unique to China.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As is known to all, acupuncture is a cultural heritage unique to China, which dates back to more than 2,000 years ago.（运用了as和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】When it comes to acupuncture teachers, I recommend my uncle Mr Zhang, who is a college teacher and an expert in this field.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
47．参考范文：
I began to spend hours at my desk focusing on getting a good score in the math competition. During those times of stress, I became almost like a workaholic, trying to finish assignments no matter how long it might take or how late into the night it might go. This was because I understood that all of this practice was also valuable to my future. My brother knew it took more energy, so he persuaded me to give my brain some rest. Kicking a football with him slowly helped my doubts and worries fade, so I knew it very helpful working with a healthy schedule.
Later Jack and I went to the same college and joined the same sports club. The first college football game was coming up. We were working hard to prepare for it. Jack taught me many football skills, such as shooting, passing, dribbling and defense. When I was skilled enough at playing football, it was time to compete. The game was intense as expected and everybody tried their best. At last, Jack passed me a ball, and I succeeded in shooting it into the goal. That was the key shot and finally our team won. Bearing my hero, Jack, always in heart, I was inspired to overcome any challenge.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者刚入高中，因为作业、数学比赛而每日压力很大，他的朋友杰克——一个学习和运动的大师——默默地帮助、陪伴作者，作者每日努力完成任务，杰克说服作者一起去踢球以释放压力，作者和杰克考了同一所大学后，俩人一样加入体育俱乐部，杰克教了作者很多足球技巧，并使作者在比赛中踢入制胜球。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我开始花几个小时坐在书桌前，专注于在数学竞赛中取得好成绩”可知，第一段可描写作者学习很努力，压力也很大，杰克说服作者去踢球释放压力。
②由第二段首句内容“后来杰克和我去了同一所大学，加入了同一个体育俱乐部”可知，第二段可描写作者和杰克在俱乐部踢足球，作者又得到了杰克的帮助学习球技，并在比赛中得到杰克传球，踢入制胜球。
2.续写线索：作者压力大拼命学习——杰克带作者踢球释压力——去同一个大学——一起加入足球俱乐部——杰克帮助练球技——作者踢入制胜球
3.词汇激活
行为类
①完成：finish / complete
②说服某人做某事：persuade sb to do sth / argue sb into doing sth
③走近：come up / approach
情绪类
①激烈的：intense / fierce
②激励，鼓舞：inspire / stimulate
【点睛】[高分句型1]During those times of stress, I became almost like a workaholic, trying to finish assignments no matter how long it might take or how late into the night it might go.（运用了现在分词作状语，动词不定式作宾语，由连接词no matter how引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]This was because I understood that all of this practice was also valuable to my future.（运用了由because 引导的表语从句，that引导的宾语从句）
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