北京市西城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-06阅读单选

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北京市西城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-06阅读单选

一、阅读单选
（2020·北京西城·北京四中校考模拟预测）Grand Opening
Bentwood Truck Museum Saturday,
November 8, at 10:00 A．M.
After eighteen months of hard work by more than 100 volunteers, the Bentwood Truck Museum is ready to open. The old factory on the corner of Palmer Street and Norman Drive had been scheduled to be destroyed. When Roger Haygood heard about the plans to tear down the building, he bought it so that he could store his collection of old trucks there. Then he had the idea of turning the building into a truck museum.  
During the past year and a half, the old building has been transformed into a treasure chest of memories. Instead of a dark and dull house, the building has become a cheery, bright home for all kinds of trucks from the past.
The museum now houses 68 trucks, and we hope to have even more soon. There is a 1959 school bus, a 1942 bakery truck, and a 1937 fire engine. Our oldest vehicle is a 1919 milk truck. Our newest vehicle is a 1966 tow truck.  
You can take a ride on a fire truck, a mail truck, or an ice-cream truck. Rides are $2.00, but you can get a ticket for a free ride at any grocery store in Bentwood.
Help us celebrate our grand opening by bringing your family and friends! There is something to interest everyone who attends. The Bentwood Truck Museum is a special piece of our history.  
    l To get to Bentwood Truck Museum, take Route 29 (Kingston Highway) to Palmer
Street.
l Go south on Palmer Street for one block and take a left onto Norman Drive.
l You will see the museum building and the amusement park on your left.
l Parking is available across the street, on your right.

1．In which of the following can visitors take a ride?
A．A school bus. B．A bakery truck.
C．A milk truck. D．A mail truck.
2．Where is Bentwood Truck Museum?
A．On Kingston Highway.
B．On Robert Street.
C．On Norman Drive.
D．On Elliott Street.
3．What is special about this museum?
A．It exhibits trucks dating back to 200 years ago.
B．It is not possible for you to drive to the museum.
C．It’s transformed from an old factory by volunteers.
D．It is built because an old factory has been destroyed.

（2020·北京西城·北京四中校考模拟预测）

Picky, Picky
Scientists have no idea exactly why birds choose certain objects to build their nests. But scientists know that the main reason birds build nests is to keep their babies safe, warm and healthy.  
Baby birds grow faster and are healthier when they are warm. They also learn to fly and leave the nests sooner than birds without warm homes.
What A Yarn (纱)Is        
Yarn is big on an oriole’s shopping list during nest building. Scientists are still trying to work out why so many birds choose white yarn over other colors for nest building.
Scientists think that the white objects remind birds of cotton fluff (绒毛) they find in the wild.  
Do It Naturally   
Even though birds can help us recycle some of our junk by using it to build nests, they also need to use lots of natural things. Long grass, dried sticks, spider’s silk and mud are some of the natural ingredients that are good for nests, too.  
You can make a collection box of things to leave for birds so they can help themselves. Hang a small plastic box with holes on a tree branch. Fill the box freely with nest building goodies. Hang the box on a tree and watch birds climb on board to pick through the junk to find their treasures.  
Warning: Don’t let the birds turn into a tasty treat. Keep your bird station away from places where cats hang out.  
For The Birds!
Stop! Don’t throw all that garbage out! Give some to the birds. Look and see how your old junk can help beautify and warm a bird’s new home.
4．The baby birds with warm homes are able to ___________.
A．learn to fly earlier B．grow slower
C．build better nests D．leave the nests safer
5．What can people make for birds to build nests?
A．A warning board. B．Holes on a tree branch.
C．Food in the garbage. D．A collection box of things.
6．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To tell us how birds build nests.
B．To show the importance of nests to birds.
C．To tell humans what they can do to help birds.
D．To show the bad relationship between birds and cats.

（2020·北京西城·北京四中校考模拟预测）

Do you want to become better at making small talk with new people? Do you want to become better at networking with others? Nothing will improve your networking ability and your ability to make a successful conversation with other people rather than your curiosity about them.
When you are curious about other people, you will want to discover some of the interesting ways that they are similar to you. When you are curious about them, you’ll also be interested to discover the ways in which they think differently and live differently from you.
When you have curiosity about others, you will be much less self-conscious and your conversations will work a lot better. Instead of worrying yourself, “What can I say next that won’t sound stupid?” you will be focused on learning more about the other person.  
Making small talk with strangers can be tricky. We’ve all heard the advice that we should pick something out of our immediate environment and use that as a main point to start our small talk with the other person.
It’s true that this can be a great starting point for a conversation. However, when you focus too much on discussing things like the weather in your city, you can bring the conversation to a painful end very quickly. The other person will sense that you are trying to make a conversation, but that you have no interest in really getting to know him or her.
How can you keep small talk from becoming boring?
One way is to watch the other person for clues they will give you about what is really interesting to them. When you get these clues, use them to start making the conversation a bit more about their life, their opinions, and their experiences.
After you have had a couple of minutes to break the ice, try looking for ways to make the conversation a little bit more personal. Ask the other person for his or her opinion about something that is a bit more personal but not extremely so. The first few minutes of talking to someone new will not be the best time to ask the other person his or her opinion on religious （宗教的） or political（政治的） matters. However, he or she might be happy to discuss his or her favorite team or musical band.
7．In Paragraph 1, the writer mainly wants to tell us that___________.
A．it’s hard to make a talk with new people
B．curiosity can help us start a good small talk
C．curiosity helps us know new people quickly
D．it’s hard to make a successful talk with others
8．The underlined word “self-conscious” in Paragraph 3 probably means___________.
A．nervous B．serious C．self-centered D．self-controlled
9．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The way of starting small talk.
B．The importance of small talk in our life.
C．Improving our small talk with curiosity.
D．Improving our relationship through small talk.

（2020·北京西城·北京四中校考模拟预测）The secret of the aroma
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed（展示）at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is provided as an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
10．According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of somebrand stores?
A．Unique scents. B．Friendly assistant.
C．Soft background music D．Attractive window display.
11．E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______.
A．show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores
B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C．push stores to use sights and sounds
D．introduce the rise of e-commerce
12．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The sport goods company once found an 80 percent increase in purchase.
B．For stores in Paris, the smell is more important than the window displays.
C．Both the E-commerce and the real stores focus on the attractiveness of goods.
D．Many famous stores nowadays are trying hard to find the ideal scent.
13．The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．compare and evaluate B．examine and assess
C．argue and discuss D．inform and explain

（2020·北京西城·统考一模）Every year, many inventions are introduced to the world. Some help us solve problems. Others make life easier, or more fun. Here are four of last year's best inventions.

LUMI was designed for music lovers. “We hope that LUMI can help people who have just started learning how to play music,” says the inventor Will MacNamara. The small Eumi keyboard lights up, allowing users to know which keys to press. And with the LUMI app, users can learn their favorite songs.

Millions of people around the world have to face the problem of unsafe food. Marc Oshima says his indoor farming technology can help. Instead of growing in dirt, crops grow in reusable cloth. The plants are watered with mist. This requires 95% less water than field farming.

For people who are blind, the ORCAM MYEYE 2 could be a game changer. It might also prove useful for people with reading difficulties. Described as “talking glasses”, it can read text aloud. Amnon Shashua invented the technology.

Christine Schindler is an engineer. She wanted to help stop the spread of foodborne illnesses, so she created PATHSPOT. It uses light to scan（扫描）a person's hands for harmful germs. Restaurant workers hold their hands under the scanner. Then the scanner decides whether they should be rewashed.
14．LUMI was designed for________.
A．indoor farmers B．music lovers
C．blind people D．restaurant workers
15．Who is the inventor of the ORCAM MYEYE 2?
A．Will MacNamara. B．Marc Oshima.
C．Amnon Shashua. D．Christine Schindler.
16．Where can we probably read this passage?
A．A medical website. B．A travel guide.
C．A school notice. D．A science magazine.

（2020·北京西城·统考一模）

This Family Keeps Their Community Warm by Cutting Firewood for Those in Need
Washington is home to lots of trees—it is the Evergreen State, after all—— and it has lots of fireplaces and wood-burning heaters too. But what if you lived there and couldn’t cut wood or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it? Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, are happy to help. The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those m need.
The idea actually started as a father-son relationship project, Shane told msn.com. “I cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it, " said Shane. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer cutting. The result was a great wall of wood piled up （堆积）around their house. To buy that much it would cost about $10,000.
It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted online: "IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME! ... If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD, The response（反应）was immediate. One man offered to donate （捐赠）a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shane's house with more wood. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniels, started to feel warm in other ways: "I don't need the wood. But I am truly happy for what you have done! ”
Single mom Katelyn Ticer, 29, and her four-year-old daughter depended on a wood-burning stove as their only way of heat, so it was so good to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. "To get that much wood brought me to tears/' she told msn.com. “ So much stress and worry is off my shoulders. I couldn't be more thankful.
Shane is ready to help more people. “Giving is the reward”, he said. "It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it's about how much it’s needed.”
17．What did Shane and his sons do to help their neighbors?
A．They gave firewood to those in need. B．They bought wood-burning stoves.
C．They raised about 10,000 dollars. D．They paid someone to cut wood.
18．What happened after Shane posted messages online?
A．His family received lots of presents. B．Some people quickly offered to help.
C．Lots of wood piled up around their house, D．The weather suddenly turned freezing cold.
19．What did Shane think of what he had done to help others?
A．Being needed drives us to give. B．Love is not giving but receiving.
C．Helping others is just helping ourselves. D．It’s better to help people fish than to give them fish.

（2020·北京西城·统考一模）It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist
Who is a scientist and what is his job? A chemist doing experiments? A geologist out studying rocks? When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures （治疗方法）for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work.
Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery.
Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done? How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible?
Researchers publish their work in scientific journals（期刊）.These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process.
Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal written for—and reviewed by young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an experts young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understands make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done and check whether the figures （数据）clearly explain the point of the article.
Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings.
20．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．What is required to be a good scientist.
B．Who should understand a scientist’s job.
C．Why sharing the results of scientific work is important.
D．How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct.
21．From the passage we can know that________.
A．scientists are good at working together with others
B．young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals
C．in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers
D．young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable
22．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To introduce how scientists do their jobs.
B．To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions.
C．To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals.
D．To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists.

（2020·北京西城·统考一模）Why Wisdom （智慧）Doesn't Work as Well as We Think It Does
We relate wisdom to age. Most of us believe that gaining wisdom is like picking up stones on a path: the longer you're on the path, the more stones you'll collect.
It seems a reasonable inference, then, the older you are, the more wisdom you have. Older people usually make fewer careless mistakes, and they often know the best course of action in a given situation. But I think there's another explanation at play here, which we might consider in the light of what we know about human decision-making.
There are two different ways of decision-making: plans and habits. Here's an example of how these ways differ. If you’re driving somewhere for the first time, you'll need a plan. You will need to know whether to turn left or right, because you don’t already have that information stored away in your head. On the other hand, you don't need a plan when you're going somewhere familiar （熟悉的） because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. But if you find that the road is blocked by fallen trees, you’ll have to think about another way. Such a plan allows you to more easily deal with new situations, but they require a lot more attention.
The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. A baby can't use habits to make decisions, because any situation she’s in will be a new one. As we build up a store of familiar situations, the more we can depend on habits. The older you are, the more likely your behavior is based on tried- and-true habits rather than fresh planning.
But what does this tell us about wisdom? Well, it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings （环境），The reason that wisdom seems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation.
But it also makes a worrying prediction: if older people were put in a new situation, with which they had no familiarity, they wouldn't make better decisions than someone who is young. It is the same with mistakes. Older, seemingly wiser people make fewer mistakes because they're familiar with surroundings they often deal with. If you controlled for the familiarity of the situation, then people in different age groups would probably make the same number of mistakes. Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans.
While wisdom gives you expertise within a particular environment, it doesn't mean that you'll be able to generalize that to new experiences. It's not that we necessarily get wiser as we get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes.
23．What do we know about the two ways of decision-making according to the passage?
A．Using plans or habits to make decisions is an ever-changing process.
B．The use of plans and habits requires lots of attention and effort.
C．When going somewhere familiar, we need to work out a plan.
D．Younger people depend more on habits to make decisions,
24．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Younger people have a great advantage in becoming wiser.
B．Older people are better at making careful plans before action.
C．Older people seem wiser because they’ve stored more habitual information.
D．Younger people make more mistakes when they're in unfamiliar surroundings.
25．What does the underlined word “static” probably mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Uncontrolled. B．Unchanged. C．Increasing. D．Surprising.
26．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To stress the importance of gaining wisdom.
B．To compare the two different ways of decision-making.
C．To call on younger people to learn more from older people.
D．To remind us to view the wisdom of older people reasonably.

（2020·北京西城·统考二模）Cool Places to Visit In the World

Beipanjiang Bridge in China is 565 meters above Beipanjiang Canyon and it is the highest bridge in the world. It links Guizhou and Yunnan, and it reduces travel time from five hours to one. On the bridge, visitors can have a wonderful view of the canyon.

CopenHill is a power plant in Denmark（丹麦）and it creates energy by burning waste. A 1,300-foot man-made ski slope（斜坡） on the roof makes it special. The slope doesn’t depend on machine- made snow or cold temperature. That means visitors can enjoy Earth- friendly fun throughout the whole year.

a roller coaste
Canada’s Wonderland is home to 17 roller coasters including the world’s fastest and longest dive（潜水）coaster. Riders hang over a 90-an underwater passage.

Icehotel in Sweden（瑞典）is the world’s first hotel made of ice. Every winter, this magical place is completely rebuilt by artists using more than 3,000 tons of ice and snow. They are made into works of art that make up every part of the hotel.

27．The world’s highest bridge is in________.
A．China B．Sweden C．Canada D．Denmark
28．Which of the four places is a power plant?
A．Icehotel. B．Beipanjiang Bridge.
C．CopenHill. D．Canada’s Wonderland.
29．What makes Canada’s Wonderland a cool place to visit?
A．A 1,300-foot man-made ski slope. B．Works of art made of ice and snow.
C．A wonderful view of Beipanjiang Canyon. D．The world’s fastest and longest dive coaster.

（2020·北京西城·统考二模）

Luisa’s Letter
Luisa checked the mailbox. An eggshell-white envelope lay on top of all the letters. It was still there, thank goodness. She picked it and put it into her bag.
Upstairs, she handed the remaining letters to her mother. “How was school, Luisa?” Mom asked.
“It was fine,” said Luisa, giving her mother a quick hug.
In her room Luisa tried to focus on her English homework, but the letter called to her. It had traveled more places than she had. All her life, Luisa had lived in Seville, an ancient city in the southwest of Spain. Luisa loved her hometown, but she wanted to see the world.
A year abroad! What an attractive possibility! But Luisa couldn’t bring herself to raise the subject with her parents because her parents just wanted her to stay in Seville, get married, give them grandchildren. Last spring, on her own, she applied for(申请) a year of high school in England. Now, this envelope held her answer.
Luisa went to the kitchen to help with dinner. She asked, “Mom, do you ever think about traveling?
I mean, I want to. And maybe someday…live somewhere else.”
Luisa’s heart beat harder as she waited for her mother’s reaction. But Mom nodded. “Luisa, of course you’d like to travel. I want that for you and…”
Just then Dad arrived. When they sat down at the table to eat, Dad said, “Seville is the best, yes, my Luisa?” Luisa’s heart sank(为之一沉). Dad continued, “Why would people want to leave Seville?” Mom smiled, “When Luisa is old enough, we can discuss with her what’s best for her future.”
Dad raised an eyebrow but didn’t argue.
Luisa couldn’t wait any longer, but her parents’ easy chatter(聊天)was the sound of her childhood. She sank deeper into her chair and listened. Home would always be here. But when the time was right, she’d leave. And she wanted it to be with her parents’ support.
“Something came in the letter,” she said at last. “I want you to see.” She took out the letter. “I’m sorry I didn’t tell you,” her voice was shaking. “I wanted this more than anything.” Luisa waved at the unopened envelope. “But only if you say it’s okay.”
30．Last spring, Luisa________.
A．traveled abroad with her parents B．got married and started a family
C．discussed her future plan with her mother D．applied for a year of high school in England
31．How did Luisa feel as she waited for her mother’s reaction in the kitchen?
A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Proud. D．Regretful.
32．Luisa decided to tell her parents about the letter because________.
A．she wanted her parents’ support B．she had already known the answer
C．her parents asked her for the letter D．her parents were unwilling to wait

（2020·北京西城·统考二模）Bacterial Quorum Sensing
Bacteria(细菌)play an important role in our lives. They can keep us alive as well as make us sick. It wasn’t until fairly recently that we learned bacteria can communicate with one another.
In the 1960s, researchers found that a kind of bacteria called Vibrio fischeri（费氏弧菌） produced no light when they were alone, but that they exhibited great amount of light as the bacterial population grew to a certain number. How did this happen? How can Vibrio fischeri tell the difference between times when they’re alone and times when they’re in a community, and then all do something together?
Researchers found they talk to each other with a chemical language—signal molecules(信号分子). Vibrio fischeri makes signal molecules, and it also has a receptor on its surface that fits like a lock and key with a signal molecule. As the bacteria increase, more and more signal molecules are sent into the environment. When signal molecules increase to a certain amount, they lock down into those receptors and information comes into the bacteria, which tells them how many neighbors there are. As soon as they realize the population has hit the certain number, all of the bacteria behave as a group, making light together. In the past ten years, researchers have found all bacteria have systems like this: they make and recognize chemical words, determine(判断)the size of the community, and carry out tasks that would be unsuccessful if a single one were to act alone. This process is called quorum sensing.
Most of the time, bacteria live with thousands of other species (种类)of bacteria. There has to be a language of interspecies communication. In fact, bacteria have another kind of signal molecule, which is the common language used by all species. Moreover, this kind of molecule has its own receptor. In this way, bacteria are able to count different populations, and then they decide what task to carry out depending on which species has the greatest population.
Knowing how bacteria communicate could influence how we fight disease. What if bacteria can’t talk or hear? They won’t recognize when there are enough bacteria and when to exhibit the group behavior to make us sick. Researchers are developing a method—to make molecules that look like the real ones and then they lock into the receptors to jam recognition of the real situation.
On the other hand, researchers also improve the conversation of the beneficial bacteria, so they can do things that we want them to do better than they would do on their own.
33．According to the passage, what can we learn about quorum sensing?
A．Quorum sensing may happen when there is only one Vibrio fischeri.
B．Signal molecules are kept away from receptors during quorum sensing.
C．Most bacteria have similar systems to make light during quorum sensing.
D．Bacteria carry out a group task when their population hit a certain number.
34．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The more species there are, the more group actions bacteria will take.
B．In different environments, bacteria have different interspecies languages.
C．Beneficial bacteria communicate better by themselves than harmful ones.
D．To fight disease, researchers try to turn off the communication between harmful bacteria.
35．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．why bacterial population grows B．how bacteria communicate with each other
C．which bacteria help fight disease D．what scientists do to find quorum sensing

（2020·北京西城·统考二模）Everybody hates that feeling when you spend three weeks reading a book, and a month later somebody asks you about it and you can’t remember a thing you read. It makes you wonder why you wasted a couple of hours on the words that didn’t stick.
There are some effective ways to learn. And when I say “to learn effectively”, what I mean is to not just build up knowledge, but to be able to apply(应用)that knowledge effectively at some point in the future. By this definition, most of the courses people spend money on is not learning. Something is not truly learned until it changes you in some way.
1. Memory is based on relevance (相关性)
One of my favorite online book clubs is Mentor Box. What’s cool about the club is not only do they send you books to read, but they send you study materials related to them. The study materials, instead of being like school, where it asks you to repeat information in the book to help memorize it, are designed to help you apply the lessons to various areas of your life.
That’s because memory works based on relevance. We only remember what our brain has considered important to our own lives. If you don’t find a way to make it relevant to you and your well-being in some way, your brain will conveniently forget it.
You can do this on your own. When you come across something interesting in a book, write down its application or relevance to something in your life—how you can use the idea, how it explains something in your past, how it can help with your problems, etc.
2. Reading does not have to be linear
People believe they have to read everything, line by line, one after another. This is not only not true, but it’s often a waste of time and energy.
When you buy a book, you’re not buying the words, you’re buying the useful ideas. The point of a book is to gather the information that is relevant and important to you, not to finish it or to understand every word. What matters is the principle or key idea. Once you’ve received that principle or idea, there’s no reason to feel obligated to sit there and read the rest.
3.Think critically and ask the right questions
Everything you read should be questioned. You should question the writer’s biases(偏见 ), whether they’re explaining information correctly, whether they’re overlooking something. When reading something I agree with, I’ll ask myself, “Is it possible that this could be wrong?” Everything should be taken with a grain of salt, for the simple reason that almost everything is largely uncertain. And it’s the ability to manage those uncertainties effectively that will determine the depth of your knowledge and understanding, not the ability to memorize a lot of facts and numbers.
36．According to the writer, effective learning________.
A．is a practical method to have good feelings
B．helps you explain and remember difficult words
C．happens when knowledge changes you in some way
D．is the main goal of the courses people spend money on
37．What does the writer suggest when we learn something new?
A．Read line by line to receive useful ideas.
B．Repeat and rethink information to deepen our memory.
C．Build connections between books and our personal life.
D．Keep asking questions to understand the writer’s opinions.
38．The underlined word “obligated” probably means “________”.
A．worried B．forced C．relaxed D．interested
39．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Become A Better Learner
B．How to Memorize Things Effectively
C．Ways of Building Relevance in Your Life
D．The importance of Asking the Right Questions

（2021·北京西城·统考一模）Best Gifts for Your Teen Friends
Shopping for your teen friends’ birthday gifts can be difficult. Each year, we pay close attention to the newest gifts hitting the market. Below, we’ve created such a list, choosing some of the hottest items on store shelves right now.

Color-changing Lamp Speaker
$36.00With a simple touch, this speaker lamp changes color, plays music and helps them sleep. They can even bring it with them on camping trips since it runs for up to 120 hours.

Harry Potter Paperback Box Set
$80.00If they’re getting sick of borrowing the local library’s copies, then they need a complete collection of Harry Potter books to call their own. This set comes with all seven books in the series (系列).
The Mind Card Game
$20.00This is a board game that encourages true  teamwork, because the number one rule is “No talking!”
If successful, they’ll be amazed at how well they work with their teammates without using any words.
Bluetooth Wireless (无线) Smart Beanie
$15.00Trying to wear headphones and a hat at the same time is usually uncomfortable. This smart beanie can keep their ears warm in winter, while allowing them to listen to their favorite playlists for up to five hours. Also, it’s washable as long as you take out the battery (电池) .

40．Which gift encourages teamwork?A．The Mind Card Game. B．Harry Potter Paperback Box Set.
C．Color-changing Lamp Speaker. D．Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie.
41．How much should you pay for a color-changing lamp speaker?
A．$80.00. B．$36.00. C．$20.00. D．$15.00.
42．The Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie ________.
A．comes with all seven books B．can run for five hours in winter
C．can change color and help one sleep D．follows the number one rule “No talking!”

（2021·北京西城·统考一模）

Field Day
“It’s time for Field Day again,” thought Carly as she started the last week of school.
Carly was not looking forward to it. “Why does everybody make a big deal out of it?” Carly asked her mom. “Well, it’s supposed to be a fun day and a day to let yourself go,” said Carly’s mom. “I’m not good at any of those games that are played, and I’m afraid the kids are going to laugh at me. Maybe I can stay home and miss Field Day,” said Carly.
Mary was Carly’s closest friend, and they walked to school every day. “Aren’t you excited about Field Day?” Mary asked Carly. “No, I don’t care about such a silly day. No one ever picks me for their team because I’m not good at those games,” answered Carly.
Mary felt bad and she told her mom how unexcited Carly was and wondered what she could do to cheer her friend up. “See if you can get in a game that you know Carly is good at,” suggested Mary’s mom. Mary thought for a moment and said that she knew Carly loved to play horseshoes, and was really good at that game. She was also good at the water balloon toss (投掷) too.
Field Day finally arrived. Mary came by Carly’s house for their daily walk to school. Carly was very quiet on the way to school. “I hear they are going to have horseshoes this year and also a water balloon game,” Mary said. “Really? I love horseshoes, and I am pretty good at catching those water balloons,” said Carly. Suddenly, Carly felt more excited about going to school and starting Field Day than she had ever been.
The games began, and Carly had the best Field Day ever! Her team won first place in the water balloon toss thanks to her, and she got a ribbon (绶带) for second place in horseshoes. “What a great day!” Carly said to Mary. Carly is now looking forward to Field Day next year!
43．Carly wasn’t looking forward to Field Day at first because ________.
A．she didn’t have friends to go with her
B．her friend Mary wasn’t excited about it
C．her mom told her that it wasn’t fun at all
D．she wasn’t good at those games that were played
44．In the story, Mary ________.
A．tried hard to cheer Carly up B．won first place this Field Day
C．taught Carly how to play horseshoes D．stayed at home and missed this Field Day
45．Carly will probably ________ next Field Day.
A．invite her family to join her B．make a completely new rule
C．take an active part in the games D．plan the whole event for her school

（2021·北京西城·统考一模）Imagine that your friend is cutting the cake to share with all the guests at the birthday party. The first three guests are handed large pieces of cake, while you are handed a teeny-tiny one. How would you feel? Is this fair? Most of us have a clear sense of what is fair and what is not, but where does this come from? Scientists try to study fairness in primate species (灵长类物种) to understand how fairness came about.
Fairness often involves equal outcomes (平等的结果)
Do monkeys behave in ways that lead to equal outcomes? To find out, scientists give monkeys choices about how to share food. Scientists ask a monkey to choose between two options—to provide a piece of food just for themselves, or to provide food for another monkey nearby, as well as for themselves (Figure 1). If monkeys are trying to achieve equal outcomes, they would give food to both themselves and another. Do they? Sometimes.


The left monkey has just chosen the board to give food to himself and the neighboring monkey.
The left monkey has just chosen the board that provides food for himself only.
（Figure 1）Whether monkeys favor equal outcomes seems to depend on the species. The species which live in groups will prefer equal outcomes, but not all the time.
What else might be influencing whether monkeys create equal outcomes? If the two monkeys are friends, one is more likely to share food with the other. It also seems that monkeys would make the equal choice when they cannot see the actual food—some scientists use pictures of food.
But wait, does effort matter?
Scientists have developed a way to test whether monkeys prefer everyone to be paid equally for doing the same work. In this study, monkeys are trained to work for food by exchanging small coins with a scientist. To determine if and how monkeys respond to unfairness, scientists have two monkeys take turns exchanging coins and give them different food—their favorite food or a less-preferred food (Figure2). If the monkey getting the less-preferred food refuses to keep exchanging coins, scientists conclude the monkeys respond to unfairness.

The monkey on the left exchanges the coin for a piece of banana. Next, the neighbor monkey will also exchange a coin, but receive a less-preferred piece of food.
（Figure 2）The results of the study have suggested differences across monkey species. Generally, monkeys living in groups do not respond to unfairness, while other monkeys do respond to it. However, monkeys do not appear to mind if they get a better food than others.
All in all, monkeys’ sense of fairness does not seem to be as well-developed as our own. By studying their preferences for fairness and responses to unfair situations, we can learn more about how these values developed in humans. And this also helps us to better understand the natural world and how to care for animals as well.
46．In the first monkey study, ________.
A．scientists use more pictures of food than actual food
B．scientists let monkeys choose from a variety of foods
C．the left monkey will get no food if it provides food for another
D．the left monkey can choose between two ways of providing food
47．What can we learn from these monkey studies?
A．Monkeys living in groups value effort more.
B．Monkeys of different species enjoy different work.
C．Not all monkeys stop working when treated unfairly.
D．Monkeys seem to mind if the neighbor gets less food.
48．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Do Monkeys Care What Is Fair?
B．Can Equal Outcomes Bring Fairness?
C．Why Do Monkeys Value Fairness and Effort?
D．How Do Monkeys Develop a Sense of Fairness?

（2021·北京西城·统考一模）We’ve all experienced failure. Whether we like it or not, failure is part of life. How people respond to it is of great importance both to their decisions and achievements. Some are likely to have such expectations: “If I should reach that goal, how happy would I feel?” In a recent study, we wanted to understand how such expectations may change in the face of failure. Are people able to predict their own happiness?
The old saying “the grass is always greener on the other side” suggests that people spend much of their time searching for things they can’t have. In other words, the harder it is to achieve, the higher the valuation. But is this a good model for how ordinary people process failure? According to the story The Fox and the Grapes, failure often leads us to drop our initial (最初的) plan. In the story, the fox jumps with all his strength, yet he fails to reach the grapes. Finally, he walks away, concluding that the grapes were sour (酸的) anyway.
So, which is it: greener grass or sour grapes? We did an experiment to determine how people react to failure.
In the study, about 1,200  participants  (参加者) received either good or poor feedback (反馈) on the practice trial of a test. Half of them were told that they had performed in the bottom 20 percent, while the other half, in the top 20 percent. They were then asked to predict how they would feel if they earned a high score on the actual test.
The research results showed that those who received poor feedback on the practice trial predicted that they would feel less happiness and less pride, compared to those who received strong feedback. However, when they received a top score on the actual test later, they were just as happy as the other half, and much happier than they had predicted before. This suggests that the initial failure made people undervalue how good it would feel to succeed in the future.
The question though, is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness. According to Professor Jon Elster, people don’t always know what they want, and often change their wishes to match what appears within reach. When the outcome doesn’t fit the one they have of themselves, they protect themselves by devaluing the goal—rather than devaluing themselves. In other words, when personal failure happens, one way of protecting our positive  (积极的) sense of self is to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future achievements.
Detachment (超脱) from personal goals can be useful, if it helps people redirect their attention from the impossible to better and more achievable goals. However, if the sour-grape effect kicks in too early and people become fearful of failure, they could miss out on the chance to try again and realize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach.
49．What does the story The Fox and the Grapes suggest?
A．The outcome valuation depends on what goal is set.
B．Difficulties result in a higher achievement expectation.
C．Past performance doesn’t help predict future happiness.
D．Initial failure makes future success appear less attractive.
50．The word “downplay” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”.
A．undervalue B．better understand C．destroy D．discover
51．What do we know from the passage?
A．The participants cared more about strong feedback.
B．The happier people are those who predict less happiness.
C．The participants’ performance failed to match their abilities.
D．People devalue the goal to keep a positive view of themselves.
52．What is the writer trying to tell us?
A．Failure is the mother of success.
B．Detachment stops people from changing wishes.
C．The seemingly impossible is worth trying sometimes.
D．The sour-grape effect pushes us to keep moving forward.

（2021·北京西城·统考二模）Homes Around the World

Floating(漂浮) HomesLots of people in the world live on houseboats. People sleep, cook, eat, and sometimes work on them.
The Uros people in Peru make floating houses from the plants that grow in the lake. First, they make a floating island for the house to stand on and then they make a house, all from plants!

Rock HomesSome people still live in caves(洞穴)! Cave homes can be very comfortable today, and they usually have windows and electricity.
In Guadix, Spain, almost half of the people live underground in caves. Many of the homes have chimneys(烟囱), but these aren't to let smoke out—they are to let air in!

Family HomesIn many places in the world, lots of generations(一代人) of a family often live together. This can be helpful because the grandparents can look after the children while the parents work.
The people who live in this house in Mexico use ladders(梯子) to get between floors. On summer nights they often sleep on the cool roof(屋顶) .

Community HomesThis house is in China. It's called a tulou. It's a big round house, three or four floors high, and it's made of mud(泥土) . There is only one door and all the main windows are inside, so it is well protected. Lots of families live here, sometimes up to 800 people! Each family has two or three rooms.

53．The Uros people live________.A．in floating houses B．in caves
C．on roofs D．in a tulou
54．Why do many of the rock homes in Guadix have chimneys?
A．To let smoke out. B．To let air in.
C．To help cook food. D．To protect the house.
55．What is true about a tulou?
A．It is made from plants. B．It is built underground.
C．All the main windows are inside. D．People get between floors with ladders.

（2021·北京西城·统考二模）
A Day at the Amusement Park
Robert and his friend, Mike, were headed to the amusement park for the day. It had been Mike’s birthday, and his mom promised him a day at the amusement park with a friend. The boys were so excited to try the roller coaster.
The boys were hungry, so Mike’s mom gave them tickets to get cotton candy, hotdogs, and some popcorn. While getting the food, Mike saw a boy about his age staring at the roller coaster. “That boy was standing there when we were on it.” said Mike. “I wonder why he doesn’t go on the ride?” asked Robert. “Maybe he’s frightened.”
The boy was by himself and looked poor. His shirt and jeans were torn and dirty. Even his hair was messy.
After the boys finished their food, they walked over to Mike’s mom and told her about the boy. “Can we do something to help him?” asked Mike. “What do you want to do?” his mom asked. “Let’s give him the spare tickets we have.” Mike and Robert went over to the boy and handed him a ticket for the roller coaster.
The boy gave them the biggest smile and said, “Thanks. That would be great!” “We have some spare food tickets, too.” “Wow, I would really like a hotdog,” said the boy. He said his name was Chris and that he came to the amusement park often, but he didn’t have the money to go on the rides. “I just watch everyone else and wish I could go on all the rides.”
Mike’s mom came over and told the boys it was getting late, “This is Chris,” said Mike to his mom. “It’s nice to meet you, Chris.” “Well boys, we need to head home.” They said goodbye to Chris and left. Mike’s mom told the boys what they did for Chris was very special. “You both brightened a boy’s day that is less lucky than you. I’m proud of you both.”
56．At the amusement park, Mike and Robert ________.
A．shared a birthday cake B．rode the roller coaster
C．bought a shirt for Chris D．lost the spare tickets
57．Chris didn’t go on the ride because ________.
A．he was hungry B．he was frightened
C．he was poor D．he was late
58．What does the story tell us?
A．A small act means a lot to others. B．Friends are easier lost than found.
C．Think twice before you act. D．Knowledge starts with practice.

（2021·北京西城·统考二模）
Talking to yourself isn’t just for humans—it’s for robots too.
Italian researchers have designed a robot that can speak to itself, which enables users to hear its thought process and gain deeper insight into the technology’s decision—making processes.
“If you were able to hear what the robots are thinking, the robots might be more trustworthy,” study co—author Antonio Chella says. “The robots will be easier to understand for people who aren’t technicians or engineers. In a sense,we can communicate and work with the robots better.”
Humans depend on inner speech when looking for clarity and moral(道德的) guidance, and it helps in the decision—making process. The researchers set out to see how this could affect robots,so they developed one called Pepper, and they trained it to set a table. They then gave it the ability to say,in plain English,what it was “thinking” when completing a task.
After studying the robot,the researchers found that Pepper is better at solving dilemmas(进退两难的困境) when using inner speech. One experiment saw a user ask Pepper to break table setting rules by putting a fork in the wrong place, which led to the robot asking itself a series of self—directed questions. It then concluded that the user might be confused,so it confirmed(确认) the request before continuing to use inner speech:
“Ehm,this situation upsets me. I would never break the rules,but I can’t upset him,so I’m doing what he wants,”Pepper said while putting the fork in the wrong place.
The user can understand Pepper’s thoughts as it uses its inner voice to solve a dilemma,which the researchers say could lead to human—robot trust.
Comparing Pepper’s performance with and without inner speech,Chella discovered that the robot had a higher task—completion rate when using self—dialogue. “People were very surprised by the robot’s ability,” Chella says. “The approach makes the robot different from typical machines because it has the ability to reason,to think. Inner speech could be useful in all the cases where we trust the computer or a robot for evaluation of a situation.”
Although hearing the inner voice of robots enriches the human—robot interaction some people might find it inefficient because the robot spends more time completion tasks when it talks to itself. The robot’s inner speech is also limited to the knowledge that researchers gave it. Still Chella says their research lays the groundwork for more research into how self—dialogue can help robots focus,plan and learn.
59．According to the passage,Pepper can________.
A．design a training task B．talk to itself
C．teach table setting rules D．read users’ minds
60．What can we learn from the research?
A．The research aimed to help people understand robots’ actions.
B．Inner speech helps the robot finish tasks more quickly.
C．The Italian researchers created a new language for robots.
D．The robot helped study people’s decision—making process.
61．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Robots:Learn to Learn B．Robots:Think Out Loud
C．Robots:Make Better Speeches D．Robots:Always Trust Humans

（2021·北京西城·统考二模）Like most people, you usually start work with the hope of being as productive as possible. Yet, as the day rolls on, you find your task list grows. What you set out to achieve in the beginning seems to get pushed to the side.
You’re not alone. Many of us don’t have a process to prioritize tasks and always feel like we’re playing catch-up. We fail to decide what’s the most important task even when everything on the to-do list feels important. But we can get ahead of the game and stay on top of deadlines with some simple methods to set priorities and manage our workload.
Here’s a simple way to prioritize our daily tasks and focus (专注) on the work that matters most: Of all the things we now have the energy for, do the thing we’re normally least likely to do. If we have two live frogs (青蛙) to eat for breakfast, the idea is to eat the ugliest one as early as possible.
There are several ways this trick (技巧) can benefit us.
Doing something we rarely (很少) do is energizing. You do a behavior like washing your windows that you never do. Having clean windows won’t change your life but it challenges your conception of yourself. It influences how we see ourselves. Getting our body moving gives us energy and can improve our focus.
Unfamiliar behaviors often provide more chances to help us grow than familiar ones. When I write for a new publication, it’s with a new editor. I get different feedback. I need to change my style to match the style of that publication, so I develop my skills. In this way we’ll expand (发展) ourselves, our skills, and our future opportunities.
Some people react to anxiety by working hard on very comfortable behaviors but pay no attention to uncomfortable tasks that are a higher priority. The way of prioritizing helps prevent us from doing that. It makes it harder to fool ourselves that we’re being productive by doing busywork that’s super comfortable for us but has little chance of changing our life.
Should we use this trick all the time? No. This is a good tip for when we’ve got energy, but we’re swimming in thoughts about all the things we could do, and we’re having trouble deciding and focusing.
Priorities are great. Knowing our priorities reduces stress, helps us focus and can also improve productivity and time management. But remember to be realistic about how much work we can actually do each day. When we prioritize our work properly, we’re sure to have a good day.
62．What does the word “prioritize” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．To explain what’s the most beneficial. B．To decide what should be done first.
C．To tell what’s the most meaningful. D．To discuss what can be achieved.
63．The ugliest frog refers to ________.
A．the animal we fear most B．the to-do list we’ve messed up
C．what we are least likely to do D．what makes our day terrible
64．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Doing unfamiliar behaviors possibly improves our skills.
B．Doing energizing behaviors shows how we see others.
C．Doing things we rarely do leads to poor focusing.
D．Doing comfortable things changes our life.
65．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A solution to reduce our stress. B．Ways to help us focus and decide.
C．A trick to increase our productivity. D．Advantages of developing our skills.

（2022·北京西城·统考一模）After-school clubs are a great way to help kids develop themselves in different areas. They will serve kids well throughout their lives.

Chess
It helps build confidence. You have to learn to think ahead and know when your opponent (对手) makes a mistake.
Beginning age: 6
Time: Thursdays

Fencing
It helps improve problem-solving skills. You can never predict what your opponent will do, so you have to be able to react quickly. Concentration and focus (注意) are also key to keeping calm under pressure.
Beginning age: 9 to 11
Time: Wednesdays

First Lego League
It teaches the basics of robotics technology and encourages teamwork. Kids are grouped into teams with one coach. The teams work together to build walking, talking robots.
Beginning age: 9
Time: Tuesdays

Archery
It helps develop attention. It requires focus and concentration, which can help kids do better in school. Safety is very important, so kids are expected to be responsible.
Beginning age: 7
Time: Fridays

66．Which club can a 6-year-old join?A．Chess. B．Fencing. C．First Lego League. D．Archery.
67．When can kids attend First Lego League?
A．On Fridays. B．On Thursdays.
C．On Tuesdays. D．On Wednesdays.
68．Archery helps kids ________.
A．build teamwork B．develop attention
C．learn to think ahead D．improve problem-solving skills

（2022·北京西城·统考一模）It was Saturday and Juan was going to his friend’s house for the day. He was so excited. He thought it would be fun to bring some video games to play with his friend, Tom.
Tom lived on the other side of the town and did not own any video games. He didn’t really ever play them, but he didn’t want to tell Juan. He was afraid Juan would tell the other kids at school. When Juan arrived and suggested playing video games, Tom looked a bit uncomfortable.
“I thought we could go outside and play tag or hide-and-seek,” said Tom.
“I don’t usually play such kind of games,” said Juan.
“Well, we don’t have a television or a computer because my parents don’t have much money, and we can’t afford those extra things, so I usually play old-fashioned games, like tag or hide-and-seek, or dodgeball. Would you please not tell anyone at school that we are poor?” asked Tom.
“You shouldn’t worry about what other people think,” Juan told Tom. “I’m sure the games you play are just as fun as video games.”
The two boys went outside and began playing hide-and-seek. Tom’s parents had a big backyard with many cool places to hide. Juan and Tom played for over an hour! After lunch, they played tag. Juan had so much fun. “I should play these games more often,” he said to Tom.
Three o’clock came and Juan’s mom was there to pick him up. On their way back home, Juan told his mom about not having a television or a computer at Tom’s home. He also told her that he learned to play some great games.
“Sweetie, there are plenty of ways to have fun without video games. When I was growing up, we played hopscotch,” Juan’s mom said.
“What’s hopscotch?” asked Juan.
“I’ll show you when we get home. You will like it.” When they got home, Juan’s mom showed him how she played hopscotch.
“That looks like fun!” said Juan. “Now I have another game to add to my list.”
Juan never told anyone at school that Tom was poor, but thought to himself that Tom was rich in kindness and honesty.
69．How did Tom feel when Juan suggested playing video games?
A．Excited. B．Unhappy. C．Interested. D．Uncomfortable.
70．What did Tom play with Juan?
A．Video games. B．Hide-and-seek. C．Hopscotch. D．Dodgeball.
71．From this experience, Juan has learned that ________.
A．life can be fun without video games
B．playing games can help one make new friends
C．it is important to spend time doing things with parents
D．people should take action to protect old-fashioned games

（2022·北京西城·统考一模）
Some people are worried that wearing masks will have a bad effect on children’s ability to learn language and socialize. Even parents often worry about how a school year without smiles might negatively(消极地) influence their children.
These worries are understandable, but according to Dr. Danovitch, a research psychologist, who studies the cognitive(认知的) and social development of children, wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention. Take language learning as an example. It’s true that masks cover our mouths and that seeing mouth shape and movement helps babies learn language. But learning how to communicate involves a lot more than mouths. Looking at eyes is at least as important as looking at mouths to understand the people you are looking at and what they are trying to express. Children also make use of other signs to figure out what new words mean and what other people are thinking. A classroom full of people wearing masks is a great chance for children to practice paying attention to those signs, such as a classmate’s tone of voice or a teacher’s body language.
Wearing a mask can also help teach children to pay more attention to their own bodies and physical behaviors. Keeping a mask on over the course of a school day involves the kind of self-control that many children find challenging. Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals.
Perhaps most importantly, wearing masks during a pandemic(流行病) is a chance for children to practice caring for their community. A recent study shows that children understand the spread of illness better than ever. Wearing a mask gives young children the ability to do something to help protect other people. For older children, mask-wearing is a way to teach them about duty and sacrifice(牺牲). They believe that it feels good to make sacrifices for people in need. Stressing that the discomfort and inconvenience of mask-wearing are forms of caring and public service might encourage children to address other social problems in their lives.
In fact, how children feel about wearing masks at school, and how much they benefit from wearing them, are going to depend on how the parents, teachers and caregivers around them present the topic. Masks are hopefully not here to stay, but while they are still necessary, we should make the most of them.
72．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．A teacher uses body language to teach what new words mean.
B．Wearing masks gives children a chance to practice paying attention.
C．Dr. Danovitch helps children with their cognitive and social development.
D．Looking at the mouth matters more than looking at the eyes when people talk.
73．What can we learn from the passage?
A．It is unknown if mask-wearing helps children improve social skills.
B．Children believe that the discomfort of mask-wearing is acceptable.
C．People’s thoughts and emotions are hidden when they are wearing masks.
D．Children who know when to keep their masks on will probably be successful.
74．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Help Children Develop Skills
B．How to Be Perfect at Keeping Masks On
C．Wearing Masks Can Help Children Learn
D．Wearing Masks Can Solve Social Problems

（2022·北京西城·统考一模）
This high school term was supposed to be easier. That is the thought in my mind—after all, this is the first term that I’m taking less than 20 credits(学分), and I’m enjoying all of my classes. However, this term has felt the most difficult and my grades are much worse than they were when I was taking two more classes.
I could blame(怪罪) it on the fact that I’ve been busy working in several school clubs and practicing for a school musical several times a week. Actually, it is important that I don’t overlook(忽视) that because it wouldn’t be fair to myself to say it doesn’t play a part in my low grades. However, it’s clearly not the only reason. In fact, study has never been easy for me.
I thought that putting in more effort would change things, but it hasn’t. The exam I studied for hours on comes back a failure. I fall asleep while working on homework and forget to hand it in. I sit in class taking lots of notes, and when I look back at them to do my homework, it all reads as gibberish. I start to realize that maybe some of the work I do is just hard.
I’m learning that it’s okay not to be the best at the work that you do. When you’re used to being naturally good, it’s hard to realize that throwing the same amount(数量) of effort at something that is more difficult won’t just automatically(自动地) work. However, we shouldn’t feel bad about that. Even though we’re here for learning, there are so many things to spend our time on. I think of the things I want as all having a price, and the amount that I would like to pay at any given time changes, as does the price. It’s not to say that you should stop working hard, but it’s good to keep in mind that sometimes the price just might be too high for you at a given time.
You don’t have to do everything perfectly, even if it looks easy, and you’re allowed to deal with knowledge that just doesn’t make sense to you. This is the time to learn how to keep on keeping on. We will be the best of ourselves once we learn that being our best isn’t a precondition to learning.
75．What was probably the writer’s expectation for her term?
A．To take more classes and be able to enjoy them.
B．To live an easy school life and get good grades.
C．To give up some clubs to have more time to study.
D．To experience a challenging term and get perfect marks.
76．What does the underlined word “gibberish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Something difficult to remember. B．Something funny.
C．Something impossible to understand. D．Something boring.
77．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．People will pay a higher price if they stop working.
B．People have to ask for help if they want to learn well.
C．People shouldn’t give up their goals even though they feel bad.
D．People can’t always make something possible by working hard.
78．The writer would probably agree ________.
A．we should know how to keep going in the face of challenges
B．we shouldn’t study things that don’t make sense to us
C．we should perform perfectly when our work is easy
D．we shouldn’t take part in school activities

（2022·北京西城·统考二模）Humans are hurting the planet and destroying the environment. Change needs to happen at every level of society. We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.
What is Call to Earth Day?
Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection. Across TV and our website, there are stories about our amazing planet and the people who are protecting it.
How can I be involved?
Everyone is invited. We can all play a role in creating a movement for good. You have to do something to protect the environment. We are asking you to think big, get creative, and make your event influential.
What kind of event can I hold?
The event you choose to hold is up to you, but it should focus on creating a healthier planet. Here are some suggestions for where you can get started:

Screenings
Call to Earth has lots of beautiful and inspiring videos for you to watch and share.

Local clean ups
Whether it’s a beach, a river, a park or a street, get out there and help remove litter from your hometown.

Art projects
Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.

“How To…” sessions
Hold workshops or lessons on everyday skills like recycling and reducing food waste.
Visit our website for more information: www. calltoearthday. com
79．What is Call to Earth Day?
A．A movement. B．A festival. C．A TV program. D．An organization.
80．Why is Call to Earth Day held?
A．To teach children to become creative. B．To ask people to protect the environment.
C．To encourage others to work for the community. D．To tell the public the importance of social events.
81．In the event “Art projects”, you can ________.
A．watch and share beautiful videos B．teach everyday skills like recycling
C．encourage kids to create works of art D．help remove litter from your hometown

（2022·北京西城·统考二模）

The perfect birthday present
Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man. It was half man, half machine and could transform into an airplane, a boat, and a racecar.
“Dad! Look!” Toby pointed to the television screen. “That’s what I want for my birthday. Can I get one? Please!”
“We’ll see.” Dad said. “Your birthday is only two weeks away. New toys like this can be hard to find sometimes.”
“Hard to find? But it’s on TV.”
Dad laughed, “That’s what will make it difficult to find. Everyone will be looking to buy it.”
“Everyone?” Toby thought. Well then, he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man. Someone would be able to find it then, right?
Before bed, Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.
For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do. His friends and family nodded and smiled as Toby went on and on about how it was the perfect birthday present.
The big day finally came. Toby got a lot of presents. He opened the first present. “A Super Robot man!” Toby was excited, but everyone else looked worried. “What’s wrong?” he asked.
Dad handed him a box. “I think you should open another present.”
Toby opened it. “Another Super Robot man?”
His father handed him more boxes. Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed. “I guess I got what I asked for.” He handed an action figure to each of his friends. “Now we all have one. Let’s go try them out.”
“You’re not upset?” Mom asked.
“Why would I be? I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”
82．What present did Toby want for his birthday?
A．Aracecar. B．An airplane. C．A boat. D．A Super Robot man.
83．What did Toby do to get his dream birthday present?
A．He called his friends to tell them what he wanted.
B．He kept talking about it with his family and friends.
C．He told his grandparents what he wanted in the invitation.
D．He wrote a note to tell his mother what he wanted for his birthday.
84．How did Toby feel after he opened all the presents?
A．Worried. B．Upset. C．Peaceful. D．Happy.

（2022·北京西城·统考二模）

The world’s leading researchers are studying our senses. From the connection between taste and smell, to the idea of “scent（气味）training”, there’s so much more than we think to our sense of smell.
Your sense of smell is largely responsible for your ability to taste food. “Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell,” says a professor at the University of York, UK. “When you put something in your mouth, the molecules（分子）go into your nose. Maybe your tongue can tell there’s fat in that chocolate, and that’s something the brain finds very satisfying, but the formal chocolate experience comes from all the molecules going into your nose.”
Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents
That holds true across all age groups. This is because women are better at noticing a smell and better at describing it with language. Research shows that when people were asked to memorize eight scents and were then given a scent test, the women were better able to tell whether or not a scent was one of the ones that had been memorized. Women were also better at recognizing the scents by name.
Your eating habits may change because of the loss of smell
“You think, ‘I remember how this tasted in the past. I guess they don’t have the same tasty tomatoes or meat any more, ’”says a researcher. “But in fact, it’s your sense of smell that may be working less.” Losing the sense of smell is likely age-related or caused by a cold.
The loss of smell may even change people’s eating habits. Some people will lose interest in eating or don’t want to eat with their friends. Others will start eating lots of junk food, spices, salt, to try to make eating more enjoyable.
Scent training might protect our sense of smell
The loss of smell is not the end of the world. Some research suggests that scent training might protect our sense of smell. By breathing in strong smells on purpose for several weeks, people become more sensitive（敏感的）to all scents and improve their ability to smell. Researchers found the MRI brain images of people undergoing scent training got thicker in the parts of the brain responsible for dealing with the role of scent, which means it’s not just a nose that is trained, it’s the whole brain.
85．What is responsible for flavor when you eat something?
A．The teeth and brain. B．The nose and tongue.
C．The brain and nose. D．The tongue and teeth.
86．What can we know about the sense of smell from the passage?
A．Scent training can help men smell more things.
B．Women are more creative about naming scents.
C．Women are better than men at recognizing scents.
D．Brain training can improve men’s ability to smell.
87．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．What you smell may not be real B．Unlock facts about the sense of smell
C．How to develop a good sense of taste D．More than you think to the sense of taste

（2022·北京西城·统考二模）It’s certainly good to be nice. Whether it’s helping a friend with homework, watching their favorite shows even if they’re not your thing or giving up a little time and energy to do something for a friend is a praiseworthy decision. Or, one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument, all to satisfy others and avoid further problems. Still, we need to control our niceness: niceness is valuable, but it’s definitely not without downsides.
To be clear. I’m not advocating（倡导）for selfishness. In fact, I’d encourage everyone to do small favors for the people they care about. Helping others makes us happy. It also gives us a greater sense of purpose and belonging, as we feel more connected to those we do favors for. The same goes for sacrificing （牺牲）a little on our part to end a disagreement, which might feel uncomfortable in the short term, but is in the end for the greater good.
Yet, we need to be careful about where our niceness comes from. When our desire（渴望）to help others comes from a need to be seen as a good or friendly person, our motivations （动机）become increasingly dangerous. For example, we might want others to relate to us, so we say that we like their favorite songs when we don’t. Being agreeable all the time makes us become a product of the people around us instead of having our own special personality.
Additionally, avoiding unreasonable agreeability is even more important. We can’t help offering to do too many favors because our desire to be seen as selfless and kind outweighs our worries for our own well-being. If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.
Agreeability crosses the experiences of all kinds of people, and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College, students are known for caring for others-offering to help their classmates with their studies. This common view of people’s willingness to help can put stress on Mudders to sacrifice their energy, even if they don’t have the skills to do so. Instead, they should remind themselves of their responsibilities, and then decide if they have the ability to lend a hand.
Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.
88．What does the underlined part “take the short end of the stick” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Say sorry first. B．Hit the other person. C．Suffer bad results. D．Make up for mistakes.
89．Unreasonable agreeability may stop us from ________.
A．viewing ourselves properly B．having a sense of belonging
C．developing social relationships D．caring about our own happiness
90．Why is “Harvey Mudd College” mentioned in the passage?
A．To spread the spirit of selflessness within communities.
B．To show an effect of widespread niceness in communities.
C．To criticize the students who sacrifice too much for others.
D．To explain responsibilities people should take within communities.
91．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．being nice can make people easily understood by others
B．being selfless helps people improve their social skills
C．people should think twice before saying “yes”
D．people who help others are more popular


参考答案：
1．D    2．C    3．C

【分析】本文讲述了本特伍德卡车博物馆隆重开幕。它是志愿者把一个旧工厂改造成的博物馆。文中介绍了博物馆里展览的卡车以及到达博物馆的路线。
1．细节理解题。根据“You can take a ride on a fire truck, a mail truck, or an ice-cream truck.”可知，游客可以在这里乘坐消防车，邮车或者冰淇淋车，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Go south on Palmer Street for one block and take a left onto Norman Drive.”和“You will see the museum building and the amusement park on your left.”可知，本特伍德卡车博物馆在Norman Drive，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“After eighteen months of hard work by more than 100 volunteers, the Bentwood Truck Museum is ready to open. The old factory ……he bought it so that he could store his collection of old trucks there.”可知，这家博物馆的特别之处在于，它是志愿者把一个旧工厂改造成的博物馆。故选C。
4．A    5．D    6．C

【分析】本文讲述了鸟巢对于鸟的重要性，以及人们如何帮助小鸟搭建鸟巢。
4．细节理解题。根据“Baby birds grow faster and are healthier when they are warm. They also learn to fly and leave the nests sooner than birds without warm homes.”可知，有温暖的鸟巢的幼鸟能够更早地学会飞翔。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据“You can make a collection box of things to leave for birds so they can help themselves.”可知，人们为了帮助鸟筑巢，可以制作一些箱子之类的东西给它们，故选D。
6．推理判断题。本文讲述了人类可以帮助小鸟搭建鸟巢，这是想告诉我们人类为了帮助鸟可以做的事。故选C。
7．B    8．A    9．C

【分析】本文介绍了如何改善我们与他人之间的闲聊，以及怎样才能不让闲谈变得无聊。
7．主旨大意题。根据“Nothing will improve your networking ability and your ability to make a successful conversation with other people rather than your curiosity about them.”“没有什么比你的好奇心更能提高你的人际交往能力和与他人成功交谈的能力了。”可知，第一段主要告诉我们，好奇心可以帮助我们开始一个好的闲聊，故选B。
8．词义猜测题。A. nervous紧张的，B. serious严肃的，认真的，C. self-centered以自我为中心的，D. self-controlled有自制力的。根据“Instead of worrying yourself,”此处表示不担心自己，因此表示不太紧张。故选A。
9．标题归纳题。根据第一段的“Do you want to become better at making small talk with new people?......Nothing will improve your networking ability and your ability to make a successful conversation with other people rather than your curiosity about them. ”可知，本文主要讲述了好奇心能改善我们的闲聊。故选C。
10．A    11．A    12．D    13．D

【分析】本文介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文中讲述了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调节香味。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds，And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase”可知，虽然与视觉和声音相比，商店的气味可能并不突出，但它是鼓励人们购买的一个日益强大的工具。所以此句中的it指的是前面的scent，指独特的香味，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段的“while e-shops …only bricks-and-mortar stores （实体店） can offer a full experience”可知，虽然网店可以使用图片和声音，但只有实体店才能提供完整的购物体验，即强调传统实体店的优势。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据“One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.”可知，一家体育用品公司曾经报告说，当它第一次将香水引入商店时，顾客购买的意愿增加了80%，不是购买量增加了80%，因此A项不正确。根据“When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales.”可知，提到巴黎的商店，气味对于一个品牌的成功来说，和橱窗展示的质量以及销售的商品一样重要，因此B项不正确。根据“But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. And scent is just one way to achieve this. ”可知，网店和实体店都是想办法在顾客进店的那一刻就留住他们，网店采用的是声音和图像，实体店采用的是香味。因此C项不正确。根据“A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.”可知，一家百货商店甚至开设了一个新的实验室，邀请顾客到商店的橱窗里闻一闻书籍、罐子和抽屉，寻找它们的完美气味。因此推断现在许多著名的商店都在努力寻找理想的香味。因此D项正确。故选D。
13．主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是谈论香味对购物者心理的影响，是一篇说明文，所以重在介绍和解释香味对于实体店的影响。A项意为对比和评估，文中把网店和实体商店进行了对比，对比谈到了，而评价涉及较少；B意为检测和评估，科学检测意味太浓，跟本文大意不符。C项意为争辩和讨论，没有批评靶子的情况下，这种说法不成立。本文只是介绍和解释了“香味”，故选D。
14．B    15．C    16．D

【分析】本文主要讲了发明帮助我们解决问题，让人们的生活容易而有趣。并介绍了去年最好的四项发明。
14．细节理解题。根据上文LUMI was designed for music lovers. 可知LUMI是为音乐爱好者设计的。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据对ORCAM MYEYE 2的描述中，Amnon Shashua invented the technology. 可知Amnon Shashua发明了这项技术。故选C。
16．推理判断题。A.医疗网站；B.旅行指南；C.学校的通知；D.一本科学杂志。本文主要讲了去年最好的四项发明。由此推断本文出自于一本科学杂志。故选D。
17．A    18．B    19．A

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公带领家人给有需要的人无偿提供木柴的故事，表达了“付出就是回报”的奉献精神。
17．细节理解题。根据上文The three men cut truckloads of wood——then give it to those m need. 这三个人把一卡车的木头，然后捐给那些需要的人。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据上文The response （反应）was immediate. One man offered to donate （捐赠）a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shane's house with more wood.反应很快。有一个人捐赠了一个烧木头的炉子。另一些人带更多的木头跑到了谢恩家。可知有些人很快主动提出帮忙。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据上文Giving is the reward, he said. It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it's about how much it’s needed.” 给予是回报，他说。这与它的受欢迎程度无关，而是它被需要多少。可知Shane认为“被需要驱使我们付出”。故选A。
20．C    21．D    22．D

【分析】本文讲了交流的重要性，并鼓励年轻人像科学家一样交流和思考。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段末尾However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work. 然而，这些都忽略了科学过程中一个极其重要的部分：交流——分享这项工作的结果。由此引出下一段的话题，由第二段Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease…Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery. “想象一下，如果有人发现了一种重要的疾病,其他科学家需要充分了解这项工作，以利用这些新的信息，在未来做出更多的发现。公众也需要了解这些发现是如何影响他们生活的。但如果这些工作不能交流共享，那上述的这些就成为不可能。作为一名科学家远远超出了发现的时刻。”可知本段用反例来证明交流的重要性，故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review.”可知“peer review”是其他科学家给文章作者提意见，而非读者。D选项的出处为第五段中“However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves.”中文意为：“然而，尽管科学家能保证他们写的文章能被同行们读懂，但在让年轻人看懂科学类文章这件事儿上，没有什么专家能比得上年轻人自己了。（也即：年轻人更懂年轻人。）”，从而得出“年轻审稿人会让该杂志的文章更具可读性”这一结论，即选项D。
22．推理判断题。根据第一段It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist“像科学家一样思考和交流永远不会太早”。和最后一段Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings. 最根本的是，这些年轻人要学会像科学家一样思考。从现在开始永远不会太早！ 提出问题，学习新事物，不要忘记交流发现的重要性。可知作者写作的目的是鼓励年轻人像科学家一样思考和交流。故选D。
23．A    24．C    25．B    26．D

【分析】本文阐述了智慧与年龄的关系，看似越老越有智慧，实则是因为他们有经验积累，熟悉经常处理的环境。年轻人甚至可能犯更少的错误，因为他们更善于想出新的计划。因此作者提醒我们合理看待老年人的智慧。
23．推理判断题。A.利用计划或习惯做出决定是一个不断变化的过程。根据上文“The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. ”在我们的生活过程中，计划和习惯的使用发生了变化。由此可知“利用计划或习惯做出决定是一个不断变化的过程。”所以此选项说法正确。B. 计划和习惯的使用需要大量的关注和努力。根据上文“On the other hand, you don't need a plan when you're going somewhere familiar （熟悉的） because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. ”另一方面，当你去熟悉的地方时，你不需要一个计划，因为你去那里的步骤的顺序被存储为一个习惯。可知在熟悉的环境不需要大量的关注和努力，除非有新状况的发生，所以此项说法错误。C.当我们去熟悉的地方时，我们需要制定一个计划。根据上文“On the other hand, you don't need a plan when you're going somewhere familiar （熟悉的） because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. ”另一方面，当你去熟悉的地方时，你不需要一个计划，所以此项说法错误。D.年轻人更依赖习惯来做决定，根据上文“Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans. ”年轻人甚至可能犯更少的错误，因为他们更善于想出新的计划。可知因为年轻人经验少，他们更善于想出新的计划，而不是依赖习惯，所以此项说法错误。故选A。
24．推理判断题。A. 年轻人在变得更聪明方面有很大的优势。根据上文“the older you are, the more wisdom you have. Older people usually make fewer careless mistakes, and they often know the best course of action in a given situation. ”你越老，你就越有智慧。老年人通常会犯较少的粗心错误，他们总是知道在给定的情况下用最好的行动方法。所以此项说法错误。B.老年人在行动前更善于制定周密的计划。根据上文“Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans.”可知年轻人甚至可能犯更少的错误，因为他们更善于想出新的计划。所以此项说法错误。C.老年人似乎更聪明，因为他们储存了更多的习惯性信息。根据上文the older you are, the more wisdom you have. The reason that wisdom seems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation. 你越老，你就越有智慧。智慧似乎是从经验丰富的头脑中毫不费力地冒出来的，原因是他们有一堆关于在特定情况下如何行动的习惯性信息。由此可知此项说法正确。D.年轻人在不熟悉的环境中会犯更多的错误。据上文Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans. 可知年轻人甚至可能犯更少的错误，因为他们更善于想出新的计划。故选C。
25．词句猜测题。A.失控的；B. 不变的；C.增加；D.令人惊讶的。根据上文wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings （环境），智慧是互动的，而不是 的 ：它是人们与他们周围环境之间的关系，可知智慧随着周围环境变化而互动，不是一成不变的，所以not static的意思为“不是不变的”，故选B。
26．推理判断题。本文阐述了智慧与年龄的关系，看似越老越有智慧，实则是因为他们有经验积累，熟悉经常处理的环境。年轻人甚至可能犯更少的错误，因为他们更善于想出新的计划。因此作者提醒我们合理看待老年人的智慧。故选D。
【点睛】在做阅读理解题时，注意段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解，看不懂的词跳过，根据上下文猜其意思，掌握一些常识，根据问题找到关键语句，不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，选择正确答案。一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择；在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
27．A    28．C    29．D

【分析】本文介绍了世界上四个很酷的地方：中国的北盘江大桥；丹麦的歌本山发电厂；加拿大的仙境和瑞典的冰雪酒店。
27．细节理解题。根据“Beipanjiang Bridge in China is 565 meters above Beipanjiang Canyon and it is the highest bridge in the world.”可知，世界上最高的大桥在中国。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据“CopenHill is a power plant in Denmark（丹麦）and it creates energy by burning waste.”可知，歌本山是一个发电厂，故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据“Canada’s Wonderland is home to 17 roller coasters including the world’s fastest and longest dive（潜水）coaster.”可知，世界上最快最长的潜水过山车使加拿大的仙境成为一个很酷的地方。故选D。
30．D    31．B    32．A

【分析】本文主要向我们描述主人公Luisa想离开家乡出国留学生甚至定居国外，但是担心父母不同意，她希望可以有父母的支持。本文主要描述Luisa拿到信后与父母的交谈的故事。
30．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Last spring, on her own, she applied for(申请) a year of high school in England.”可知，去年春天，她为自己申请了一所英国的高中。故选D。
31．推理判断题。A：兴奋的；B：紧张的；C：骄傲的；D：后悔的。根据第八段中“Luisa’s heart beat harder as she waited for her mother’s reaction.”可知，当路易莎等待母亲的反应时，她的心跳得更厉害了。所以推测路易莎是紧张的。故选B。
32．推理判断题。A：她想要她父母的支持；B：她已经知道答案了；C：她父母向她要那封信；D：她的父母不愿意等。分析上下文语境及倒数第二段中“But when the time was right, she’d leave. And she wanted it to be with her parents’ support.”可知，她最后决定告诉父母是因为她想得到父母的支持。故选A。
33．D    34．D    35．B

【分析】本文向我们介绍了细菌群体感应机制，告诉我们细菌是如何相互交流的。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As soon as they realize the population has hit the certain number, all of the bacteria behave as a group…if a single one were to act alone. This process is called quorum sensing.”可知，一旦发现细菌数量达到一定数量，所有的细菌就会一起发光。研究人员发现所有的细菌都有这样的系统，判断群体的大小，并且如果单独行动的话执行的任务将会失败。这个过程称为群体感应。结合选项，故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Researchers are developing a method—to make molecules that look like the real ones and then they lock into the receptors to jam recognition of the real situation.”可知，研究人员正在开发一种方法——使分子看起来像真实的分子，然后它们锁定在受体上，阻碍对真实情况的识别。所以为了对抗疾病，研究人员试图关闭有害细菌之间的交流。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。A：细菌种群为什么会增长；B：细菌是如何相互交流的；C：哪些细菌有助于对抗疾病；D：科学家如何发现群体感应。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍了细菌群体感应机制，告诉我们细菌是如何相互交流的。故选B。
36．C    37．C    38．B    39．A

【分析】本文介绍了如何成为一个高效的学习者：把学习的东西和个人生活联系起来；注意获得书中的原则或关键思想；学会批判性地思考，提出正确的问题。
36．推理判断题。根据“By this definition, most of the courses people spend money on is not learning. Something is not truly learned until it changes you in some way.”可知，当知识以某种方式改变你时，这才是有效的学习，故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据“That’s because memory works based on relevance. We only remember what our brain has considered important to our own lives. If you don’t find a way to make it relevant to you and your well-being in some way, your brain will conveniently forget it.”可知，当我们学习新东西时，我们应在书和个人生活之间建立联系，故选C。
38．词义猜测题。worried担心的，forced被迫的，relaxed放松的，interested感兴趣的。根据“What matters is the principle or key idea.”可知，重要的是原则或关键思想。因此一旦接受了这个原则或想法，他就愿意去读，而不是被迫去读。故选B。
39．标题归纳题。根据“There are some effective ways to learn.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何成为一个更好的学习者。故选A。
40．A    41．B    42．B

【分析】文章介绍了给青少年朋友买生日礼物可能很困难，文中具体介绍了几款商店货架上目前最新最热门的一些商品。
40．细节理解题。根据“The Mind Card Game”中的信息“This is a board game that encourages true  teamwork, because the number one rule is “No talking!” ”可知，The Mind Card Game鼓励团队合作，故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据“Color-changing Lamp Speaker，$36.00”可知，Color-changing Lamp Speaker是36美元，故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据“Bluetooth Wireless (无线) Smart Beanie”中的信息“This smart beanie can keep their ears warm in winter, while allowing them to listen to their favorite playlists for up to five hours.”可知，Bluetooth Wireless (无线) Smart Beanie可以在冬天播放长达5个小时，故选B。
43．D    44．A    45．C

【分析】文章讲Carly因为不擅长运动而讨厌体育比赛日，朋友Mary告诉她有她擅长的项目，她变得兴奋起来并参加比赛获了奖，她开始期待下一年的体育比赛日。
43．细节理解题。根据“I’m not good at any of those games that are played, and I’m afraid the kids are going to laugh at me.”可知Carly一开始并不期待比赛日，因为她不擅长那些比赛。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据“Mary felt bad and she told her mom how unexcited Carly was and wondered what she could do to cheer her friend up. ... Mary thought for a moment and said that she knew Carly loved to play horseshoes, and was really good at that game. She was also good at the water balloon toss too.”及后文在上学路上告诉Carly今年的比赛日有她擅长的项目，可知Mary努力让Carly振作起来。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据“Carly is now looking forward to Field Day next year!”可知Carly很期待下一年的体育比赛日，由此推断她下一年会积极参加比赛。故选C。
46．D    47．C    48．A

【分析】文章通过科学家们研究猴子对公平的偏好和对不公平情况的反应，使我们可以更多地了解这些价值观是如何在人类身上形成的。这也有助于我们更好地了解自然界以及如何照顾动物。
46．细节理解题。根据“Scientists ask a monkey to choose between two options—to provide a piece of food just for themselves, or to provide food for another monkey nearby, as well as for themselves (Figure 1).”可知，科学家让一只猴子在两种选择中做出选择，一种是只给自己提供一块食物，另一种是给附近的另一只猴子和自己提供食物，也就是猴子可以在两种提供食物的方式中进行选择，故选D。
47．推理判断题。根据“The results of the study have suggested differences across monkey species. Generally, monkeys living in groups do not respond to unfairness, while other monkeys do respond to it. However, monkeys do not appear to mind if they get a better food than others.”可知，猴子并不介意自己是否得到了比其他动物更好的食物。也就是说不是所有的猴子在受到不公平待遇时都会停止工作。故选C。
48．最佳标题题。根据“All in all, monkeys’ sense of fairness does not seem to be as well-developed as our own. By studying their preferences for fairness and responses to unfair situations, we can learn more about how these values developed in humans…”以及整个文章的理解可知，文中主要通过研究他们猴子对公平的偏好和对不公平情况的反应，有助于我们更多地了解这些价值观是如何在人类身上形成的，也有助于我们更好地了解自然界以及如何照顾动物。故选A。
49．D    50．A    51．D    52．C

【解析】文章大意：失败是生活的一部分。人们对它的反应对他们的决定和成就都是非常重要的。通过实验证明，当个人失败发生时，保护我们积极的自我意识的一种方式就是拒绝接受未来成就的情感重要性，作者建议读者有时候，看似不可能的事情值得一试。
49．细节理解题。根据“According to the story The Fox and the Grapes, failure often leads us to drop our initial (最初的) plan”可推断，这个故事讲的就是狐狸在达不到自己最开始的计划时，它选择了放弃，失败让未来可能的成功显得并不那么吸引人，故选D。
50．词义猜测题。根据“The question though, is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness”及“When the outcome doesn’t fit the one they have of themselves, they protect themselves by devaluing the goal—rather than devaluing themselves”可知，当结果不适合他们自己时，他们通过贬低目标来保护自己，而不是贬低自己，以至于人们会轻视未来的幸福，所以“downplay“与“undervalue”同义，故选A。
51．推理判断题。根据“In other words, when personal failure happens, one way of protecting our positive (积极的) sense of self is to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future achievements”可知，当人们失败时，人们通过贬低目标以保持对自己的积极看法，故选D。
52．推理判断题。根据“However, if the sour-grape effect kicks in too early and people become fearful of failure, they could miss out on the chance to try again and realize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach”可知，作者想告诉我们有时候，看似不可能的事情值得一试，故选C。
53．A    54．B    55．C

【分析】本文介绍了世界上不同的房子，包括漂浮着的房子、岩石房子、家庭群居的房子和社区型的房子。
53．细节理解题。根据“The Uros people in Peru make floating houses from the plants that grow in the lake”，可知他们住在漂浮的房子，故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“Many of the homes have chimneys(烟囱) ， but these aren't to let smoke out—they are to let air in”，可知是为了让空气进来，故选B。
55．细节理解题。根据“It's called a tulou...only one door and all the main windows are inside”，可知土楼的主窗都是在内部的，故选C。
56．B    57．C    58．A

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个暖心的小故事，作者通过这个故事告诉人们，一个小小的善举可能对别人来说意义重大。
56．推理判断题。根据原文“Let’s give him the spare tickets we have.” Mike and Robert went over to the boy and handed him a ticket for the roller coaster”可知，两个男孩买了过山车的票。故选B。
57．细节理解题。根据原文“He said his name was Chris and that he came to the amusement park often, but he didn’t have the money to go on the rides”可知，克里斯因为没钱，所以没去坐过过山车。故选C。
58．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个暖心的小故事，作者通过这个故事告诉人们，一个小小的善举可能对别人来说意义重大。故选A。
59．B    60．A    61．B

【分析】本文主要介绍了一种机器人，它在遇到进退两难的困境时，能把自己的想法说出来，对比和没有内心语言的表现时，使用自我对话的机器人有更高的完成率，通过这些证明内心语言可能会很有用，这个研究为进一步研究自我对话如何帮助机器人集中注意力、制定计划和学习打下了基础。
59．细节理解题。根据“so they developed one called Pepper, and they trained it to set a table. They then gave it the ability to say,in plain English,what it was “thinking” when completing a task”可知，Pepper可以跟自己对话，故选B。
60．推理判断题。根据“Humans depend on inner speech when looking for clarity and moral(道德的) guidance, and it helps in the decision—making process. The researchers set out to see how this could affect robots, so they developed one called Pepper”可知，这个研究的目的是为了帮助人们了解机器人的行动和内心想法，故选A。
61．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以跟自己对话的机器人，它在遇到进退两难的困境时，能把自己的想法说出来，让人类更加了解机器人行动和内心想法，B选项符合本文标题，故选B。
62．B    63．C    64．A    65．C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一些可以提高工作效率的方法。
62．词义猜测题。分析“Many of us don’t have a process to prioritize tasks and always feel like we’re playing catch-up.”可知，我们很多人都没有一个对任务进行优先排序的过程，总是觉得我们在追赶进度。此处prioritize的意思是“优先顺序，优先处理”，故选B。
63．推理判断题。根据“Of all the things we now have the energy for, do the thing we’re normally least likely to do. If we have two live frogs (青蛙) to eat for breakfast, the idea is to eat the ugliest one as early as possible.”可知，在所有我们现在有精力做的事情中，做我们通常最不可能做的事情。如果有两只活青蛙当早餐吃，想法是尽早吃掉最丑的那只。所以最丑的青蛙指的是最不可能做的事情。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据“Unfamiliar behaviors often provide more chances to help us grow than familiar ones.”可知，不熟悉的行为往往比熟悉的行为更能帮助我们成长。故选A。
65．主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一些可以提高工作效率的方法。选项C“一个提高我们效率的技巧”符合主题，故选C。
66．A    67．C    68．B

【导语】本文主要介绍了四个课外俱乐部。
66．细节理解题。根据“Beginning age: 6”可知国际象棋俱乐部的开始年龄是6岁。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“Time: Tuesdays”可知第一乐高联盟是每周二举行。故选C。
68．细节理解题。根据第四个表格中的“It helps develop attention”可知射箭帮助培养专注力。故选B。
69．D    70．B    71．A

【导语】本文主要讲述Juan去汤姆家玩，但是汤姆家没有电视和电脑，所以他们没玩电子游戏，而是玩了捉迷藏，玩得很开心，从中我们可知，没有电子游戏也可以玩得开心。
69．细节理解题。根据“When Juan arrived and suggested playing video games, Tom looked a bit uncomfortable.”可知当他建议玩电子游戏时，汤姆有点不舒服。故选D。
70．细节理解题。根据“The two boys went outside and began playing hide-and-seek.”可知他们玩了捉迷藏游戏。故选B。
71．推理判断题。根据“there are plenty of ways to have fun without video games”以及上文可知，他们没有玩电子游戏，而是玩了捉迷藏，玩得也很开心，从中可推知没有电子游戏，生活也会有趣。故选A。
72．B    73．D    74．C

【导语】本文主要介绍一些人担心学生们戴着口罩上学会影响孩子们学习语言和社交的能力，本文就此疑惑进行了解释，其实戴着口罩反而会驱使孩子们改善认知能力，还可以帮助孩子们更多地关注自己的身体行为等等。
72．推理判断题。根据“wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention”可知，通过第二段我们可以得知，戴口罩给孩子们一个练习集中注意力的机会，故选B。
73．推理判断题。根据“Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals”可知，能注意到什么时候要戴上口罩，口罩什么时候会滑掉的孩子是有自我控制力的，这样的孩子通常长大后会更好地实现他们的长期目标，也就是可能更容易成功，故选D。
74．最佳标题题。本文主要通过一些人担心学生们戴着口罩上学会影响孩子们学习语言和社交的能力来告诉我们，其实戴口罩对培养孩子们的一些能力有帮助，所以C选项“戴口罩可以帮助孩子学习”符合本文标题，故选C。
75．B    76．C    77．D    78．A

【导语】本文是作者对于自己这学期的总结和反思。
75．推理判断题。根据“This high school term was supposed to be easier. That is the thought in my mind—after all, this is the first term that I’m taking less than 20 credits(学分), and I’m enjoying all of my classes.”可知，作者认为高中这学期应该会容易些，课程也都是自己喜欢的，故选B。
76．词句猜测题。分析“ I sit in class taking lots of notes, and when I look back at them to do my homework, it all reads as gibberish. I start to realize that maybe some of the work I do is just hard.”可知，我坐在教室里记了很多笔记，当我回过头来做作业时，它们读起来就像胡言乱语， 我开始意识到，也许我所做的一些工作是困难的。此处“gibberish”的意思是“胡言乱语”，与C“一些无法理解的事情”意思相近，故选C。
77．推理判断题。根据“I’m learning that it’s okay not to be the best at the work that you do.”和“It’s not to say that you should stop working hard, but it’s good to keep in mind that sometimes the price just might be too high for you at a given time.”可知，有时候努力并不一定得到好的结果，但并不意味着你应该停止努力，故选D。
78．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You don’t have to do everything perfectly, even if it looks easy, and you’re allowed to deal with knowledge that just doesn’t make sense to you. This is the time to learn how to keep on keeping on. We will be the best of ourselves once we learn that being our best isn’t a precondition to learning.”可知，作者认为不必把每件事做到完美，也可以处理那些对你来说毫无意义的知识，现在要做的是学习如何坚持，一旦我们知道做到最好并不是学习的先决条件，我们就会成为最好的自己。由此推断出作者是建议我们无论遇到什么困难与挑战，都要坚持。故选A。
79．A    80．B    81．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍“呼吁地球日”的相关信息，呼吁人们保护环境。
79．细节理解题。根据“Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection.”可知，“呼吁地球日”是一个强调环境保护的运动。故选A。
80．细节理解题。根据“We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.”可知，举办“呼吁地球日”是为了呼吁大家为保护环境做点好事。故选B。
81．细节理解题。根据“Art projects Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.”可知，“Art projects”鼓励孩子根据当地的环境创作艺术作品，故选C。
82．D    83．B    84．D

【导语】本文讲述了Toby即将过生日，他想要一个超级机器人作为礼物，他在所有的邀请卡上都写了他想要的东西，最后他得到了很多超级机器人，他和他的朋友们都拿着机器人开心地去玩了。
82．细节理解题。根据“Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man...That’s what I want for my birthday.”可知，Toby想要一个超级机器人，故选D。
83．细节理解题。根据“he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man”以及“Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.”及“For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do...”可知，他一直跟他的家人和朋友谈论他想要的生日礼物，故选B。
84．推理判断题。根据“Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed.”以及“I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”可知，Toby打开所有的礼物后非常开心，故选D。
85．B    86．C    87．B

【导语】本文主要介绍了一些与嗅觉有关的事实，介绍了嗅觉的作用以及功能。
85．细节理解题。根据“Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell”可知，味道是一种将你舌头上的味道和气味结合起来的体验，故选B。
86．细节理解题。根据“Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents”可知，女人比男人更善于辨别气味 ，故选C。
87．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些与嗅觉有关的事实，所以B选项“解开关于嗅觉的真相”符合本文标题，故选B。
88．A    89．A    90．B    91．C

【导语】本文阐述了让善良成为一种习惯是一个光荣的目标，但是要学会量力而行，适度是关键，有时，牺牲太多可能弊大于利。
88．词义猜测题。根据“one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument”可知，成为一个大度的人，同意在争吵中接受批评，也就是先认错，所以短语“take the short end of the stick”指的是“先说对不起”，故选A。
89．细节理解题。根据“...If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.”可知，不合理的宜人性可能会阻止我们正确地看待自己，故选A。
90．推理判断题。根据“and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College...even if they don’t have the skills to do so.”可知，文章提到“Harvey Mudd College”是为了展示社区中普遍存在的善的影响，故选B。
91．观点态度题。根据“Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.”可知，作者认为要学会量力而行，适度是关键，有时，牺牲太多可能弊大于利，故选C。