初中英语人教版八年级下册重点语法详解（ Unit 1-6）

八年级英语下册
重点语法详解
Unit 1
Irene Irene中英文天地 2023-03-16 12:19 发表于广东
1.have / get / catch a(n)+疾病名称，表示患某种疾病。
e.g.I have / get / catch a cold.
我感冒了。
【拓展】have a bad cold 重感冒
have a fever 发烧
have a headache 头痛
have a stomachache 肚子痛, 胃痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a backache 背痛
2.lie down 躺下
e.g.You had better lie down and have a rest.
你最好躺下休息。
3.have a rest = take a rest = rest 休息
have a break=have breaks=take a break=take breaks (课间）休息
4.away from 离开……；与……有一定的距离(与不同动词搭配，意思会受上下文影响)
e.g.They live away from us.
他们住的地方离我们远。
5.see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
e.g.When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture.
当我经过窗户时，看到他正在画画。
see sb.do sth.看见某人做过某事
e.g.I often see him draw pictures.
我经常看到他在画画。
6.think twice 认真思考，权衡利弊
e.g.We must think twice before we make this decision.
我们在做决定之前应该权衡利弊。
7.to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的是，出乎……意料
e.g.To their surprise, all the students pass the exam.
令他们惊讶的是，所有学生都通过考试了。
8.in surprise 吃惊地
e.g.Rose looked at me in surprise.
Rose惊讶地看着我。
9.thanks to someone/something 多亏，因为，由于
e.g.Today, thanks to the Internet, you can do all your shopping from home.
现在多亏了因特网，你可以在家购物。
10.thanks for (doing) sth.为(做)某事感谢
e.g.Thanks for helping me / your help.
感谢你的帮助。
thank sb.for doing sth.
e.g.You should thank her for helping you.
你应该谢谢她帮了你。
11.get sb.into trouble 使某人陷入困境
be in trouble 有烦事、有困难
have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难
e.g.If you do, you might get me into trouble.
如果你这样做，你可能会让我陷入困境。
He never came except when he was in trouble.
他只有遇到麻烦才会来.
Do you have much trouble in finding the house?
你在找那房子过程遇到困难吗？
12.hit sb.+介词+the+身体部位: 打某人某部位
e.g.hit sb.in the face/eye ...
hit sb.on the head/ back ...
拓展:
hit sb./sth.with sth.用某物击/打某人/某物
e.g.The boy hit him with a baseball.
那个男孩用棒球打他。
13.right away 立刻；马上 =in a minute=at once
e.g.I’ll be there right away/in a minute/at once.
我马上到那儿。
14.be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于……
e.g.He is used to falling asleep (入睡) with such noises around him.
他习惯在周围有噪音时入睡。
【拓展】
used to be 过去是......
used to do sth.过去常做某事
be used to do sth./for doing sth.被用来做......
e.g.He used to be a driver.(现在不是）
他过去是个司机。
He used to get up at 10:00 a.m.
他过去经常在早上10点起床。
Knives can be used to cut fruit./for cutting fruit.
刀子可以用来切水果。
15.have problems doing sth.做某事困难
e.g. The boy had problems breathing.
那个男孩呼吸困难。
16.take a risk/risks 冒险
take the risk of 冒着……的风险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事（risk 在这里作为动词）
take a risk doing sth.冒险做某事（risk 在这里作为名词）
16.run out 被用完，被耗尽
run out of 用完，用光
e.g.Last week, my money ran out.
我的钱上周用完了。
They ran out of fresh water yesterday.
昨天他们淡水用完了。
17.cut off 切除；停掉；中断
e.g.He decided to cut off his beard.
他决定要剃去他的胡须。
The earthquake cut off our water supply.
地震断了我们的水资源供应。
【拓展】cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒
18.between a rock and a hard place在艰难或危险的处境下从两难中进行选择，左右为难；进退两难
e.g.If I take the bus to the cinema, I’ll be late for the film, but if I drive, I’ll have no place to park, I’m really caught between a rock and a hard place.
如果我搭公车去电影院，我就会迟到，但如果我开车，我就找不到地方停车，真是进退两难。
19.mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算/意欲去做某事
e.g.I didn’t mean to upset you.
我并不是要让你不高兴。
My new job will mean travelling all over the world.
我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。
20.make a decision / make one’s decision 做决定
decide to do sth./make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事
e.g.Tina decided to go to Rome for her holidays.
=Tina made a decision to go to Rome for her holidays.
Tina决定去罗马度假。
21.get on 上车 get off 下车
22.get into 陷入
e.g.The business went worse and worse and soon he got into debt.
生意越来越糟，很快他负债累累。
23.get out of 离开，从......出来
e.g.I need to get out of the traffic jam.
我需要从这拥堵的交通解脱出来。
24.be in control of 掌管，管理
e.g.He is in control of the big company.
他掌管着这家大公司。
25.give up sth./ doing sth.
e.g.He gave up his chance to America.
他放弃去美国的机会。
He gave up smoking.
他放弃抽烟。
26.expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事/预料某人做某事
e.g.He expected most of the passengers to get off.
他以为大多数乘客会下车。
27.wait for sb./sth./doing sth.等待某人/某物/做某事
28.in time 及时 on time 准时
29.think about sth./ doing sth.考虑某事/做某事
e.g.He is thinking about doing something else.
他考虑做点别的。
30.because of +名词/名词短语 由于
because of+句子
e.g.Because of the rain, he didin’t go to the cinema.
由于这场雨，他没去电影院。
Because it rained, he didn’t go to the cinema.
因为下雨了，他没去电影院。
31.be ready to do sth.准备好做某事
be ready for sth./doing sth. 为某事/做某事做好准备
e.g.He is ready to do some research.
他准备做些研究。
He is ready for the exam/taking the exam.
他在为考试做准备。
32.so+形容词/副词+that 从句 （结果状语从句）
e.g.He was so tired that he wanted to have a rest at once.
他如此累，很想马上休息会。
Unit 2
1.hope to do sth.希望做某事
hope + that 从句 (that 可省略)
e.g.I hope that I can pass the exam.
= I hope to pass the exam.
我希望可以通过考试。
【拓展】
常见的“动词+to do sth.”结构有：
agree to do sth.同意做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
remember to do sth.记得做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
want to do sth.想要做某事
2.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
当宾语是名词时，可位于clean和up之间，也可位于clean up之后；当宾语是代词时，只能位于clean和up之间。
e.g.They began to clean up the classroom /clean the classroom up after the class.
他们下课后开始打扫教室。
The classroom is dirty.You need to clean it up.
教室很脏，你需要打扫打扫。
类似短语(用法同clean up 一样)：
cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来
give out 分发；散发
hand out分发
give away 捐赠；赠给
give up 放弃
give back 归还
put off 推迟
call up打电话给（某人）；征召
fix up修理；安装
set up建起；设立
3.come up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)
e.g.I hope you can come up with a better plan than this．
我希望你能想出比这个更好的计划。
4.notice sth./sb. 注意到某事/某人
notice sb.do sth.注意到某人做了某事
notice sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事
e.g.Sorry, I didn't notice you.
抱歉，没有注意到你。
Did you notice him leaving the party early?
你有注意到他要提前离开聚会了吗？
5.care for 照顾 =look after / take care of
care about 关心；在意
e.g.The children are old enough to care for themselves.
孩子们大了，可以照顾他们自己了。
She thinks only of herself and doesn't care about others.
她只考虑自己，从不在意他人。
6.疑问词+ to不定式，构成复合不定式结构
e.g.They don’t know where tobuild the new house.
他们不知道在哪里可以建新房。
I can't decide what to do next.
我决定不下来下一步该做什么。
7.such/so的区别：
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数，so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，当名词前有many, much, few, little修饰时，要用so，不用such。
e.g.She issuch a pretty girl.
= She is so pretty a girl.
她是如此美丽的女孩。
I didn’t realize I had so many friends.
我没意识我有这么多朋友。
8.to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
be satisfied with= be pleased with
对……满意
e.g.To his satisfaction,his first book sold well.
让他满意的是，他的第一本书卖得很好。
Mrs.Yang wasn’t satisfied with our homework yesterday.
昨天杨老师对我们的作业不满意。
8.at the age of+基数词, 在某人几岁时，相当于when引导的时间状语从句, 即when … was/ were … years old。
e.g.My brother went to study in Beijing when he was 19 years old.
=My brother went to study in Beijing at the age of 19.
我哥哥19岁时就去北京学习了。
9.try out 参加……选拔；试用
e.g.Why did you decide to try out for the Olympics?
你为什么决定去参加奥林匹克运动会的筛选？
10.take after (外貌或行为)像
e.g.Helen takes after her mother.Both of them have big eyes.
Helen长得像她妈妈，两人都有大眼睛。
11.make a / no / some difference to sb./ sth.
对某人或某事物有 / 没有 / 有些作用或影响
e.g.That rain didn’t make a difference to the sporting meeting.
那场雨对运动会没什么影响。
I think what parents say will make some difference to their children.
我认为父母说的话会对他们孩子有些影响。
12.imagine v.想象；设想
后面可以接名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或从句等作宾语。
e.g.Can you imagine life without the Internet?
你能想象没有网络的生活吗？
I can’t imagine living in such a dirty small house.
我无法想象住在这么脏的小房子。
Imagine that you are rich and famous.
设想一下你又富有又出名。
13.have difficulty (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
e.g.He had difficulty (in) solving this problem.
他在解决这个问题遇到困难了。
It's difficult (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事很难
e.g.It’s difficult for Jack to speak Chinese well.
对于Jack来说，学讲中文很难。
14.be excited about 因……而兴奋不已
e.g.The children were excited about winning the football game.
孩子们因赢得足球赛而兴奋不已。
excited “激动的；兴奋的”。作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人。
exciting “激动人心的”。作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物。
e.g.The excited students sang and danced.
激动的学生们又唱又跳。
The basketball game yesterday was very exciting.
昨天的篮球赛令人很激动。
Unit 3
1.help out 在某人繁忙或遇到困难时“给予帮助”。
e.g.I sometimes help out in the kitchen.
我有时间在厨房帮忙。
help和out之间还可以加入具体的“人”。
常见搭配有：help sb.out with sth.帮助某人某事
e.g.Can you help me out?
你能帮我一把吗？
He helped me out with my task.
他帮我完成了任务。
2.at least 至少
e.g.We should brush our teeth at least twice a day.
我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。
3.be back 回来
e.g.I won’t be back till 11:00.
我11点以前回不来。
4.any minute now 随时；马上；在任何时刻
e.g.The guests are arriving any time now but we’re still not ready.
客人即刻就到，但我们还没有准备好。
5.throw sth.to sb./throw sb.sth.
把某物扔给某人
e.g. He threw his shirt to his brother.
他把他的衬衫扔给他哥哥。
Could you throw me that towel?
你能把那条毛巾扔给我吗？
【拓展】
throw away 扔掉；丢弃
e.g.Don't throw away the waste paper.We can collect and recycle it.
不要扔掉那废纸。我们可以收集回收。
6.the minute = as soon as 一……就……
e.g.The minute / As soon as I came home, I turned on the TV.
我一回家就打开电视。
7.all the time（在该段时间内）一直；向来，一向；时时刻刻；每时每刻
e.g.I’ve kept on thinking about that all the time.
我一直惦记着这件事。
8.borrow sth from sb.从某人那借入某物
lend sth to sb./lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人/借给某人某物
keep sth.for +时间段 保留某物一段时间
e.g.He borrowed a pen from me yesterday.
他昨天从我这借了一支笔。
She decided to lend her bike to me.
她决定把她的自行车借给我。
You can keep the book for one week.
你可以借这本书一周。
9.as ...as “和……一样”（注意：是同级比较，不能用比较级，也不能最高级）
第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词，基本结构为：as +adj./ adv.+ as
e.g.Thisfilm is as funny as that one.
这部电影和那部电影一样搞笑。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.
你的钢笔写起来和我的一样流畅。
否定形式为 “not as/so + adj./adv.+ as”。
e.g.He didn’t act as well as you.
他表现得不如你好。
10.neither几点常见用法：
(1)adv.也不 常用于固定结构“neither+系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词+主语”中。
e.g.My sister doesn’t like green and neither do I.
我姐姐不喜欢绿色，我也不喜欢
(2)pron.两者都不，常与介词of 连用，也可以单独使用。
neither of ...作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。
e.g.Neither of them like / likes tigers.
他们都不喜欢老虎。
(3)adj.两者都不，置于单数可数名词之前，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.Neither pen is Bob’s.
两支笔都不是Bob的。
(4)conj.常用于 neither ...nor ...结构中，表示“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列成分；
当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词通常要与nor后面的代词或名词在人称和数上保持一致。
e.g.Neither Linda's mother nor his father speaks English.
琳达的妈妈跟爸爸都不会讲英语。
11.could与can的区别
could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同。
can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合；
e.g.Can you tell us your story, Tony?
你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，Tony？
He could finish the homework yesterday.（can的过去式）
他昨天可以完成作业。
could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。
e.g.—Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia?
—请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？
—Sure.
—当然可以。
12.in order to “目的是、为了”, 可放句首或句中，相当于作目的状语的不定式to do。其否定结构为：in order not to
e.g.People come here (in order) to give their children a better life.
人们来到这儿是为了给孩子们更好的生活。
in order that “目的是、为了”，后接目的状语从句，从句中常用can, could, may, might, should, would等情态动词, 与表目的的so that用法基本相同。
e.g.People come here in order that / so that they can give their children a better life.
人们来到这儿是为了给孩子们更好的生活。
13.做某事是某人的工作(职责等)
e.g.It’s every teacher’s job to explain things clearly to the students.
把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师的职责。
14.provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.
给某人提供某物
e.g.The movie theater provides us with good service.
这家电影院为我们提供优质服务。
His school provided a house for him.
学校为他提供了一所房子。
15.offer sb.sth./ offer sth.to sb.
e.g.Can you offer me something to drink?
你能给我拿些喝的吗？
We should offer seats to the old on the bus.
在公交车上，我们应该给老人让座。
16.anyway adv. 尽管如此；不管怎样
可位于句首或句尾，修饰整个句子，常用于转换话题。
e.g.Anyway, let’s forget about that for the moment.
不管怎样，此刻我们先把它放一边。
17.depend on 依靠；信赖；视……而定；取决于
e.g.You shouldn’t listen to his words.You can depend on me.
你不该听信他的话。你可以信赖我。
It depends on where you want to go.
这取决于你想去哪里。
18.ill & sick
相同点:生病的，都可作表语。
e.g.Alice was ill / sick yesterday.
爱丽丝昨天生病了。
不同点:表“生病”时，sick可作定语，但ill不作定语。
e.g.Could you help the sick girl? （这里不能用ill代替）
你能帮帮那个生病的女孩吗？
18.“the+比较级, the+比较级” 越……, 就越……
e.g.The higher you climb up the mountain, the colder you’ll feel.
越往山上爬，你就会感到越冷。
接下来给大家欣赏一首欧美经典歌曲Yesterday Once More,英语爱好者可以磨磨耳朵哦。
Unit 4
1.allow sb.to do sth.
允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.
允许做某事
e.g.Mr.Smith allowed Mike to drive there.
史密斯先生允许迈克开车去那里。
His parents don’t allow him to play computer games.
他的父母不允许他玩电脑游戏。
They don’t allow smoking in the kitchen.
他们不允许在厨房抽烟。
2.big deal 重要的事情或状况，多用于非正式交流。
It’s not a big deal 或 It’s no big deal.
表示说话人并不认为某事有什么了不起
There’s a soccer game on TV this evening but I don’t have to watch it.It’s no big deal.
e.g.今晚电视上有一场足球赛，但我不一定要看。没什么大不了的。
3.work out 解决(问题); 改善(状况)
e.g.Don’t worry.Things will work out.
别担心，事情会慢慢解决的。
work out 算出
e.g.Mike worked out the difficult problem by himself.
Mike自己算出了那道难题。
4.get on with =get along with 和睦相处；关系良好
e.g.The child doesn't get on well with others.
那个孩子和其他人相处的不好。
5.instead代替；反而；却
可位于句子的结尾，此时不用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。也可位于句子的开头，这时多用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。
e.g.Last weekend they didn’t go fishing.Instead, they went for a picnic./ They went for a picnic instead.上周末他们没有去钓鱼，而是去野餐了。
instead of 代替，而不是
在句中的位置比较灵活，但不可单独使用，其后接的宾语多由名词、代词、v.-ing形式等充当。
e.g.We want to play chess instead of watching TV.
我们想下国际象棋而不是看电视。
注意：instead和instead of有时可以相互转换。
e.g.Cindy didn’t listen to music.Instead, she read.
= Cindy read instead of listening to music.
6.offer sb.sth.= offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
e.g.She offered me a cup of tea.
= She offered a cup of tea to me.
她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
7.communicate with sb.与某人交流
e.g.Li Mei can easily communicate with foreigners in English.
李梅可以用英语和外国人轻松交流。
8.explain + that / what / why等从句
explain sth.(to sb.)（向某人）解释某事
e.g.Can you explain what this means?
你能解释一下这是什么意思吗？
Please explain it to me.
请你向我解释一下吧。
9.return 归还 = give… back
e.g.You must return these books and magazines in a week.
你必须在一周之内归还这些书籍和杂志。
return 回来=come/go back
e.g.He returned to school at 11:00 yesterday evening.
他昨天晚上11点才回去学校。
10.anymore adv.再也(不)；(不)再
(常用于否定句和疑问句末)
e.g.Nick doesn't live here anymore.
=Nick no more lives here.
Nick不再住在这里了。
11.so that 以便，为了，使能够。引导目的状语从句=in order that从句中常用情态动词may/might, can/could, should, would 连用。
e.g.They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.
为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。
so…that…如此……以至于……。引导结果状语从句。so后面加形容词或副词。
e.g.He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.
他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。
12.在英语中although / though不能和but同时出现在一个句子中, 但它们之间可进行句型转换。
e.g.Although / Though the weather is sunny, I feel cold.
I feel cold although / though the weather is sunny.
虽然天气晴朗，我却感到冷。
Although / Though it is raining, they are still playing outside.
= It is raining, but they are still playing outside.
虽然下着雨，他们还是在外面玩。
13.until 常用于否定句中，构成 “not……until”短语， “直到……才”, “不到……不”。until 也可用在肯定句中，表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止，即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词)。
e.g.He didn’t go home until 12:00 last night.(go是瞬间动词）
　　他昨晚直到12点才回家。
We must wait until 7 p.m.（wait是持续动词）
我们必须等到晚上7点。
14.compete with 与……进行竞争
e.g.We hope to compete with that team.
我们希望与那个队竞争。
compete for 为……竞争
e.g.Scientists now have to compete forfunding, and do not share information among themselves.
科学家们现在为了资金不得不相互竞争，互相之间也不会共享信息。
15.cut out 删除；删去
e.g.I cut out one paragraph in this article.
我删除了这篇文章的一个段落。
【拓展】
cut down 削减; 砍倒
cut off 切断, 使电话中断; 隔绝
cut up 切碎
16.continue to do sth.继续做某事（表示继续做不同的事情，继续做其他的事）
e.g.She continued to work after she had her baby.
她生孩子后继续工作。
continue doing sth, 继续做某事（表示继续做同一件事，继续做刚才的事）
He picked up his book and continued reading.
他拿起书，继续读。
17.compare...with…
把……和……比较(常同类相比，比较)
compare...to...
把……比作…… (常异类相比，比喻)
e.g.And they are always comparing them with other children.
他们总是拿自己的孩子去和别人家的孩子相比。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。
18.too much 太多 修饰不可数名词
too many 太多修饰可数名词复数
much too 太，非常 修饰形容词
e.g.There is too much meat in the fridge.
冰箱里有太多肉了。
We have too manyways to relax in our free time.
我们空闲时间有很多方式可以放松。
Though he has many friends, he always feels much too lonely.
虽然他有很多朋友，他却总是感到太孤单。
Unit 5
1.begin to do sth./begin doing sth.一般情况下，两者可以替换使用。
e.g.He began playing/to play the basketball when he was six.
他六岁开始打篮球。
但有以下几种情况不能替换使用：
1)在begin的进行时后，只能跟to do, 不能用doing;
e.g.She is beginningto do her homework.
她在开始做她的家庭作业了。
2)主语不是指人，而是指物，如天气等，只能用 to do;
e.g.It began to rain.天开始下雨了。
3)后跟表示心理活动或感情的动词，像“know,understand,believe,wonder,think”等，只能用to do;
e.g.She began to understand what he said.
她开始理解他所说的。
4)语境不同，begin doing一般有正在做的意思，begin to do一般有正准备做的意思。
e.g.He stops talking and begins to eat.
他停止了讲话并开始吃东西。
【拓展】
begin with 以……开始
e.g.The word “cat” begins with the letter “c”.
单词 cat 以字母 c 开头。
2.pick up
1) 捡起; 拾起
e.g.Please pick up all these pieces of paper.
请把纸都捡起来。
2) (开车)接人；搭载
e.g.Who will pick the children up after school?
谁去接放学的孩子？
3.while表示“当……的时候”, 强调在某事发生或进行期间，指某一时间段，所引导的从句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
e.g.They arrived whilewe were having dinner.
他们来时我们正在吃饭。
when“当……的时候”，其引导的从句谓语动词既可为短暂性动词也可是延续性动词。
e.g.When he saw me, he said “hello” to me.
当他看到我时，他跟我说“你好”。
while引导的从句还可表示从句的动作正在进行的同时，主句的动作也在进行之中。
e.g.While we were watching TV, Mary was playing with the dog.
当我们在看电视时，玛丽正在跟狗玩。
4.make sb./sth.+ adj. 使(让)某人 / 某物……
make sb.do sth.使某人做某事
e.g.Loud music makes me nervous.
吵闹的音乐使我紧张。
Loud music makes me feel nervous.
吵闹的音乐使我感到紧张。
5.make sure (that) 确保; 保证
make sure of (doing) sth.确保；肯定
e.g.I wanted to make sure (that) you were all right.
我想确认一下你是否没事。
We arrived early to make sure of getting a good seat.
我们很早就到了，以确保有个好座位。
6.beat “战胜；赢得”，宾语常常是比赛、战斗的对手。win“战胜；赢得”，宾语常常是表物的比赛、战斗、战争、奖金、奖品、金钱、名次等。
e.g.Simon always beats me at tennis.
Simon在网球方面总是打败我。
Who do you think will win the next game?
你认为谁会赢得下一场比赛？
7.against prep.
① 倚；碰；撞
e.g.The old woman is standing against the door.
这个老妇人正倚门站着。
② 反对；与……相反；违反
e.g.Are you for or against his decision?
对他的决定，你是支持还是反对？
8.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
e.g.When the excitement died down, Mary fell asleep soon.
当兴奋过后，Mary很快睡着了。
【拓展】与down相关的短语:
cut down 砍倒
fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌
lie down 躺下
turn down 调低/关小音量；拒绝
write down 写下；记录下
9.in silence 沉默; 无声
e.g.They hugged each other in silence for a long time.
他们默默地拥抱了彼此很长时间。
keep/stay silent 保持沉默
e.g.Ask her to continue and you stay silent.
让她继续，你保持沉默。
10.take down 摧毁，毁掉；记下，写下；拿下，取下
e.g.They’re talking about how to take that wall down.
他们在讨论如何拆除那堵墙。
All the pupils took down the speech.
所有的学生都把那篇演讲记下来了 。
Did he take down the blue flag?
他把蓝旗子取下来了吗？
11.remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事(已做）
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事（还未做）
类似用法：
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘记做某事(还未做)
e.g.I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room.
当我离开房间的时候, 我记得我关灯了。
Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
在你离开房间之前, 记得把灯关了。
12.“the rest of+名词 剩余部分”作主语时，谓语动词的数应与of后的名称的数保持一 致。
e.g.The rest of the meat in the fridge is bad.
冰箱里剩下的肉坏掉了。
The rest of the students in the classroom are doing their homework.
教室里剩下的学生都在写作业。
Unit 6
1.be weak at / on / in sth.在某方面弱
e.g.Jack is weak at/on/in math.
Jack数学不好。
2.remind sb.of sb./ sth.使某人想起某人 / 某事
e.g.The building reminded me of my old school.
这幢建筑物让我想起我的旧学校。
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
e.g.Remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.
明天提醒我吃药。
remind sb.(that) ...提醒某人……; 使某人想起……
e.g.That reminds me that I must write to him.
那让我想起我得给他写信。
3.a little bit 有点儿；稍微，可用来修饰形容词、副词或动词, 相当于a little和a bit。但当修饰不可数名词时，a little bit和a bit需要加上介词of，即“a little bit of / a bit of+不可数名词”，而 a little则可以直接修饰，即“a little+不可数名词”。
e.g.He is a little bit/a little/a bit taller than me.
他比我高点。
Add a little/a little bit of sugar to the cup of coffee.
给那杯咖啡加点糖。
4.instead of 代替, 反而 （其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等）
e.g.You can go instead of me, if you want.
如果你想要的话，你可以代替我去。
Tom is doing his homework instead of watching TV.
汤姆不是在看电视，而是在看电视。
My father goes to work by car instead of by bus.
我爸爸开车去工作，而不是搭公车。
instead adv.代替；反而 （在句中作状语。它可位于句尾，也可位于句首）
含有instead的句子有时可以与含有instead of的句子相互转换。
e.g.We didn’t go for a picnic yesterday.Instead, we went rowing.
昨天我们没有去野餐，相反地，我们去划船。
=We went rowing yesterday instead of going for a picnic.
5.turn … into … 变成
e.g.Can you change one letter in each word to turn it into a new word?
你能把每个单词中的一个字母变成新的单词吗？
【拓展】
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn down 关小; 调低(音量)
turn up 开大; 调高(音量)
turn over 翻转
6.excited“激动的；兴奋的”。作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人。
exciting “激动人心的”。作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物。
e.g.The excited students sang and danced.
激动的学生们又唱又跳。
My sister told me some exciting news just now.
刚刚我姐姐告诉我一些激动人心的消息。
7.unless conj. 如果不; 除非（引导条件状语从句, 相当于if … not …）
如果主句用一般将来时或主句的谓语部分含有情态动词，那么unless引导的从句常用一般现在时。unless引导的从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，从句位于主句之前时，常用逗号将其与主句隔开。
e.g.Unless you go with me, I won’t go there.
=I won’t go there unless you go with me.
= If you don’t go with me, I won’t go there.
如果你不跟我去，我就不去那里。
8.as soon as 一……就…… 用来引导时间状语从句
如果主句用一般将来时或主句的谓语部分含有情态动词，那么as soon as引导的从句常用一般现在时。as soon as引导的从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，从句位于主句之前时，常用逗号将其与主句隔开。
e.g.I will go to your home as soon as the school finishes.
=As soon as the school finishes, I will go to your home.
一放学我就回家。
9.what引导的感叹句结构
What + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数（+主语+谓语）！
What + 形容词 + 可数名词的复数（+主语+谓语）！
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！
e.g.What a cute dog (it is)!
What strange clothes (he was wearing).
What bad weather (we’re having)!
how引导的感叹句结构
How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) + 其他！
e.g.How dirty that child is!
How well he plays the violin!
【提示】一般情况下，以what和how引导的感叹句可以相互转换。
e.g.What a lovely girl Amy is! = How lovely Amy is!
10.so… that… 如此……以至于……,引导结果状语从句
so + adj./adv.+ that
so + adj.+ a/an + 可数名词单数形式 + that从句
e.g.I’m so interested in the job that I will try to get it.
我对那份工作如果感兴趣，我会尽力拿到它。
He is so kind a boy that we all like him.
他是如此好心的一个男孩，我们都喜欢他。
11.such ...that ...如此……以至于……
such + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that ...
such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that …
such ...that...结构和so ...that ...结构通常可以互相转换。
e.g.They are such difficult problems that nobody can work them out.
他们是如此难的题，以致于没人解得出。
The problems are so difficult that nobody can work them out.
题是如此的难，以致于没人解得出。
12.whole adj.全部的；整体的
通常修饰可数名词单数，一般放在冠词(a, the)、物主代词、指示代词等限定词之后。
e.g.the whole book, my whole life, that whole day
all adj.所有的；全部的
通常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般放在冠词 (the)、物主代词、指示代词等限定词之前。
e.g.all the bread, all my books, all that afternoon
13.英语中，大部分形容词作定语修饰名词时应前置，短语或句子作定语修饰名词时则后置。
e.g.the young people in the room 屋子里的年轻人
14.enough adj.足够的；充分的，修饰不可数名词，也修饰可数名词的复数形式。enough可位于名词前或后。修饰形容词或副词时，enough位于所修饰词后。
e.g.We have enough money / money enough to buy a car.
我们有足够的钱买一辆汽车。
Do you have enough books / books enough for the kids?
你有足够的书给孩子们吗？
The house is big enough for us.
这座房子对我们来说足够大。