Unit 5 Poems【过语法写作】（教师版+学生版）

Unit 5　Poems【过语法写作】

定语从句

【观察例句】

1．Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.

2．Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.

3．Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.

4．By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.

【归纳用法】

一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述

1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。

She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.

她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。

2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。

He has two sisters，who are working in the city.

他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①The weather turned out to be very good，           was more than we could expect.

②Is this the museum            the exhibition was held?

二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

1．标点的运用有所不同

限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

站在树下的那个女孩是谁？

He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.

他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。

2．从句的作用不同

限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。

The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.

第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。

Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.

艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。

3．关系词的选用不同

限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。

Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which不可换用that)

昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。

He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)

＝He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.

他没有给出他上周没参加会议的理由。

4．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同

限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。

This is the best book that I have ever read.

这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。

He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.

他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。

5．关系词的省略不同

在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。

I still remember the days we spent together in college.(we前省略了that/which)

我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。

She is not the one (that) she used to be.(that在定语从句中作表语)

她已不再是昔日的她了。

6．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？

The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.

那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。

He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.

他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①Liquid water changes to vapor，           is called evaporation.

②Charles Smith，           was my former teacher，retired last year.

③This is the house            I lived two years ago.

三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.

正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。

After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.

大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。

[即学即练3]

①Metals have many good properties，           has been stated before.

②Light travels in straight lines，           explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The reason             he explained for his being late was that his alarm clock didn't work.

2．Life is like a long race            we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

3．I often have the case            I can't recognise my friend's voice on the phone.

4．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old            they swam in it.

5．Many countries are now setting up national parks            animals and plants can be protected.

6．Mexico City，           has a population of over 10 million，is probably the fastest growing city in the world.

7．We will be shown around the city: schools，museums，and some other places，           other visitors seldom go.

8．           is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.

9．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of            uses it differently.

10．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without            help I would never have got this far.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

I have a good friend 1.           name is Wang Fang. She is from a town 2.           rice is grown. She likes reading novels 3.           are written by Americans. She often goes to the park 4.           many beautiful flowers are grown. She often discusses the problems 5.           she can't solve by herself.

She went to the city 6.           her father 7.           (work) last year to experience life. This year she wants to visit the city of Beijing 8.           her aunt lives. She is so kind 9.           she is ready to help the people 10.           are in trouble.

单元写作

写一篇关于诗歌的议论文

本单元写作项目是写一篇关于诗歌评论的文章，属于议论文写作范畴。

[基本框架]

1．开头(beginning)——简单介绍

2．主体(body)——详细介绍对诗歌的理解

3．结尾(ending)——总体评论

[常用词块]

1．compare to比作

2．reflect on思考

3．go through 浏览

4．be worthy of being read/to be read值得阅读

5．sit around 闲坐

6．beyond description无法形容；难以描述

[常用语句]

★精彩开头

1．I like the poems composed by Li Bai，a famous Chinese poet in the Tang Dynasty.

我喜欢唐朝著名诗人李白的诗。

2．What do you think of the poems in the Tang Dynasty?你认为唐诗怎么样？

3．I want to share my feelings about the poem written by Shelley.

我想分享一下我对雪莱写的诗的感受。

★正文佳句

1．These poems are popular among Chinese people and also attract lots of foreigners.

这些诗深受中国人的喜爱，也吸引了许多外国人。

2．A Spring Morning is my favourite poem because its words are beautiful and I can feel the sense of spring in it.

《春天的早晨》是我最喜欢的诗，它的诗句很美，我能从中感受到春天的感觉。

3．Li Bai is best known for his rich imagination and striking imagery，as well as for his great love for liquor.李白以其丰富的想象力和鲜明的意象以及对酒的热爱而闻名。

★余味结尾

1．I strongly recommend you to read the poem and enjoy its beauty.

我强烈建议你读这首诗，欣赏它的美。

2．This is the most beautiful poem that I have ever read.这是我读过的最美的诗。

3．Do you want to understand the connotation of Tang poetry?你想领略一下唐诗的内涵吗？

假定你叫李华，是一名高中生。你和外国笔友Lucy 都是文学爱好者，你们尤其喜欢英文诗歌。最近Lucy发来电子邮件，询问你最喜欢哪一首英文诗歌，作者是谁，你为什么喜欢它。请根据自己的亲身体会，给Lucy写一封电子邮件。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Lucy，

I am glad to tell you about my favourite poem.                                                                        

Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours，

Li Hua

随堂练习

一.阅读理解

A

Robert Frost (1874－1963) is one of America's most beloved poets. He was a contemporary of many modernist poetic movements，but he wasn't associated with any particular group of poets. He stuck to his own literary beliefs，and as a result，he attracted a good deal of criticism from the literary world. But，it is just because he was such a person and his voice was so original that Frost became so beloved. If you are to choose one of his poems and read it aloud on a busy street，we are sure that many people will recognize the poem immediately as Frost's.

Mending Wall，which is the first poem in North of Boston，Frost's second book of poetry，is one of his most popular poems. It is a poem about two neighbors who fix a rock wall that lies between their homes. “I” want to destroy the wall，and the “neighbor” wants to leave it standing.

We just can't get enough of walls，can we? People love boundaries. We love them when we're little，protecting our precious toys from our troublesome brothers and sisters. As we get older，we begin to throw around the gentle term “personal space”， as in “GET OUT OF MY ROOM！” In college，we really learn how the idea of “My house is your house” doesn't always result in happy roommate relationships. After we become adults with good jobs and a lot of cool things，we often put up fences，gates，walls，or doors to protect our stuff and keep the peace.

Walls help us protect ourselves，but their downside is that they often keep people from communicating with each other. Mending Wall makes us take a look at how we use our walls and boundaries，and why we use them the way we do. This poem sends a wake­up call to the universe. There are walls between our hearts.

1．What can we learn about Robert Frost?

A．His writing style is special.

B．His first poem is about life.

C．He often criticized other poets.

D．He joined many poetic movements.

2．In Paragraph 3，what does the author want to show?

A．Sharing with others brings us happiness.

B．There seems to be lots of walls in our life.

C．Walls let people know about themselves.

D．Personal space is important to everyone.

3．The third paragraph is developed by ________．

A．space　　　　　　　 B．example

C．time D．comparison

4．The underlined word “downside” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”.

A．true use B．old way

C．negative part D．major difference

B

It's hard to find Alice Munro in the media.Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature，the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of sight.On Dec.29，she still didn't seek the spotlight(聚光灯)when she was named one of the five Women of the Year by the Financial Times.

In Munro's eyes，ordinary lives always hide larger dramas.So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people.She often focuses on life in her hometown，a small village in Ontario which she is most familiar with.She writes about the ordinary things in the village—fox forming，trees filled in the Ontario wilderness，poor country alcohol and long last illnesses.Above all，she talks about girls and women who have seemingly ordinary lives but struggle against daily misfortune.She has a special talent for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary.These are ordinary people，ordinary stories，but she has the magic.Her precise language，depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting.

Runaway，one of Munro's representative works，is a good example of her writing style.One of the stories centers on the life of an ordinary woman Carla，who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark.The story slowly forms a picture of Carla，trapped in a bad marriage，her unhappiness building into desperation until she decided to flee.The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals of love.It is about lost children and lots of chances that we can all find in life.There is pain beneath the surface，like a needle in the heart.

Since she published her first collection of short stories in 1968，Munro has won many awards，with the Nobel Prize being her biggest honor.On Oct.10，2013，the Nobel Prize Committee named Munro the“master of the contemporary short story”．

5．We learn from Paragraph 1 that Alice Munro________．

A．didn't get on well with the media

B．remained modest though very successful

C．didn't value the title of Women of the Year

D．was surprised at winning the Nobel Prize

6．What makes Alice Munro's stories fascinating according to the text?

A．Her rich imagination.

B．The complicated plots.

C．Her writing techniques.

D．The humorous language.

7．What is the text mainly about?

A．Alice Munro's literary life.

B．The awards Alice Munro won.

C．Alice Munro and her hometown.

D．Alice Munro and her writing style.

二.阅读七选五

How parents can help children with reading skills

Making sure that your children read well can help them perform better in school and increase their confidence in their ability to communicate well.The following ways can be very helpful.

Have your children read to you.

Have your children choose their favorite book and sit down to read with you each evening.  1  It doesn't matter whether that starts after dinner or around the time your children go to sleep.

Stock your house with reading materials.

  2  It is reported that children who have different kinds of books and magazines to choose from at home actually score higher on standardized tests.

  3 

Researchers suggest having your children read signs on the road，menus，game directions，movie listings and other daily things.This will help your children try to understand the importance and applicability(适用性)of being able to read well.

Pay attention to reading problems.

See how well your children can sound out words，understand what they have read and use reading context to understand the meaning of new words.  4  For example，you can take them to reading learning centers.

Use other reading tools.

  5  Take games as an example，try to use them as much as you can，since they can make children look forward to and enjoy the process of improving their reading ability.

A．Read wherever it is possible.

B．Take your children to a library.

C．Make reading an important part of each day.

D．Keep some reading materials available in your house.

E．Games，textbooks and books on tape are good choices.

F．If your children have difficulty reading，get them some help.

G．You should watch your children's progress with their reading skills.