Unit 2 Natural Disasters单元过关测试-2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习（牛津译林版2020必修第三册）

这是一份Unit 2 Natural Disasters单元过关测试-2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习（牛津译林版2020必修第三册），共18页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 2 Natural Disasters单元过关测试
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Apps to Help in a Disaster
Disasters almost always arrive unexpectedly. But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters. Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place.
Siren GPS Mobile
The free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency (紧急事件) services at the tap of the screen. The app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is.
The app works over cellphone networks. But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency.
Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services. This will provide information about medicines that users take, allergies (过敏反应) they might have and other medical information important to treatment decisions.
Life360
The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. Users can set up a network of people to share their location, chat and get informed when they are near someone in their network. People in the same network can use the app on iPhone and Android devices.
The app helps users communicate when they are in danger. The location sharing function can be suspended (暂停) when desired.
The Life360 app is free, with some services available for a fee.
Red Panic Button
When a person is in danger, the Red Panic Button app might help. This app can send a text message to chosen contacts providing the user’s location. You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email.
This app can also be used to contact emergency services.
Red Panic Button is free, but extra features are available for a fee*
First Aid by American Red Cross
The free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people. The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more.
Watch videos and take tests within the app. Users can switch the app from English to Spanish.
1．Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app?
A．It connects users to emergency services.
B．It is useless if your cellphone network is down.
C．Rescuers can get your health information through it.
D．Rescue workers can know where the injured person is.
2．What can you do if you have the Life360 app?
A．Watch over your loved ones’ movements.
B．Keep connected with those in your network.
C．Share your health information with doctors directly.
D．Get hospital information immediately when in danger.
3．What may be the best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance?
A．Siren GPS Mobile. B．Life360.
C．Red Panic Button. D．First Aid by American Red Cross.
B
Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up. “There’s a cyclone coming, Em,” he called to his wife. “I’ll go to look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.
Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand. “Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar(地窖)!” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room, there came a great roar from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.
Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark, and the wind blew horribly around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle. Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.
At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.
4．What does the underlined word “cyclone” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Hurricane. B．Flood. C．Monster. D．Earthquake.
5．Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?
A．To find the puppy Toto. B．To find shelter from the cyclone.
C．To protect their fortune. D．To get tools to help Henry.
6．Which of the following is True about Dorothy?
A．She managed to control the house. B．She found herself flying in a balloon.
C．She turned baby crying loudly. D．She remained undisturbed with Toto.
7．Which words can best describe Dorothy in the emergency?
A．Frightened. B．Curious. C．Calm. D．Excited.
C
A great earthquake happened in southwestern China on May 12,2008, killing thousands of people. The quake struck Wenchuan and other parts of Sichuan Province in the middle of the afternoon and a number of school buildings, shops and homes were destroyed. The number of the dead and missing rose as rescue workers dug through flattened (夷为平地的) schools and homes to find survivors. It was reported that many people were still buried under the ruins in and around Mianyang, a city about 60 miles east of the epicenter (震中). People there spent a second night sleeping outside in the rain. The government ordered people not to return to their homes for safety concerns. Few lights were on in the city, and people ate and chatted by candlelight.
Rescue teams brought people to Mianyang's stadium for food and shelter. Outside the railway station, the police shouted in megaphones (扩音器) telling people where they could get free food. Buses carrying survivors left Beichuan, which is in the northeast of the epicenter and was also flattened by the quake. 1,000 students and teachers were killed or missing at a fallen high school in Beichuan County. At another school in the town of Juyuan, 900 students were buried under the ruins. There was little hope that many survivors would be found under the rubble. But officials asked the people not to give up hope. 20,000 soldiers arrived in the disaster area on the way by plane, train and truck and even on foot.
Thirty-one British tourists who were panda-watching in Wolong National Nature Reserve were safe. And the pandas were reported safe, too.
8．What was the weather like after the great earthquake in Mianyang?
A．Rainy. B．Windy. C．Sunny. D．Cloudy.
9．From the text, we can know that ______.
A．many people went back home to get some clothes and food
B．Beichuan County is in the southeast of the epicenter
C．some people were brought to a stadium in Mianyang
D．the government said people could return home
10．All these places are mentioned EXCEPT ______.
A．Beichuan B．Juyuan C．Mianyang D．Pingwu
11．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How many people died in the earthquake. B．The earthquake that happened in China.
C．The places which were damaged. D．How the earthquake happened.
D
A sandstorm also known as a dust storm is exactly what it sounds like. A very strong windstorm especially in the desert carries clouds of sand or dust that greatly reduces visibility. This wind is usually caused by convection currents (对流气流) which are created by intense heating of the ground and is usually strong enough to move entire sand dunes. Air is unstable when heated and this instability (不稳定性) in the air will cause higher winds to mix with winds in the lower atmosphere producing strong surface winds.
Sandstorms can disturb people's travel and can sometimes destroy whole roads, and dry flat areas. Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal. Today the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms. Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms.
In the United States of America, sandstorms are rare because of the lack of large deserts and more importantly the development of proper agricultural techniques. The last recorded destructive sandstorm in American history was the Dust Bowl, which occurred on July 16,1971 and was widely recorded by meteorologists (气象学家).
To protect themselves from sandstorms, some people wear protective suits. Special equipment can be fixed in some cars to prevent sand from getting into the engine. Sandstorms can cause coughs, and the sand and dust has also been known to carry "infectious diseases". Sand particles, unlike dust ones, will block air passages, and cause a person who breathes them in to choke. Dust particles may cause an allergic (过敏的) reaction.
12．Which of the following plays the first part in forming sandstorms?
A．The instability of the sand. B．The instability of the wind.
C．The speed of the wind. D．The intense heating of the ground.
13．From the second paragraph, we can learn that at present _________.
A．sandstorms are more often seen on Mars than on Earth
B．human activities are a major cause of sandstorms
C．farming brings more harm than benefits to humans
D．sandstorms have led to the lack of clean water resources
14．Why are sandstorms not-common in the USA?
A．Because there are few deserts.
B．Because there is not much agriculttre.
C．Because of the use of proper agricultural techniques.
D．Because of research on sandstorms by meteorologists.
15．The author will most probably agree that _________.
A．humans should make more efforts to stop soil turning into desert
B．humans haven't thought of any way to deal with sandstorms
C．death caused by sandstorms is increasing all the time
D．there will soon be no sandstorms in the USA
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Debris flow (泥石流) is a kind of destructive geological disaster. July to August is the most frequent period of debris flow in China. ___16___, it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency.
Don’t overlook your surroundings while hiking. Pay attention to the surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance. If you hear it, you should raise the alarm. ___17___.
Don’t panic and escape in the direction of debris flow. When meeting with debris flow, stay calm. ___18___. If the path is perpendicular (垂直的) to the direction of debris flow and climbs to the hillside on both sides, the higher the better and the faster the better. It is absolutely not allowed to go to the downstream of debris flow.
___19___. When traveling by car meeting debris flow, you should abandon the car and run away. If you hide in the car, it is easy to be buried in the car. In that case, you are at great risk.
Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened. Sometimes the debris flow will happen intermittently (间歇地). ___20___, you must be careful of another one on the road. You’d better take another way to find a safe route.
A．Don’t try to stay in your car
B．It is likely to be a sign of debris flow
C．Try to determine the safe path to escape
D．Don’t drive a car for a trip in the mountain
E．Stay calm and look at the map on your phone
F．If you know some emergency knowledge about debris flow
G．If you are walking through the area where the debris flow just happened
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was driving on the highway, a big storm came. The rain began to beat ____21____ against my car windows. I had to stop and ____22____ my car along the roadside. Sitting in the car with boxes of clothes in the back seat, I was ____23____ of Hurricane Katrina.
Hurricane Katrina hit Houston when I was fourteen years old. I was ____24____ that it would destroy my neighbourhood. ____25____ it missed ours, while leaving many parts of the city in ruins. From the TV, I saw a reporter ____26____ the homeless people inside the Houston Astrodome. Many of them were in dirty and ____27____ clothes, and some had no shoes on their feet. I noticed a little boy behind the reporter hugging an old teddy bear. Suddenly, I knew I had to do ____28____.
The next day, my friends ____29____ me at our volunteer club and we came up with a plan to ____30____ some used toys and give them to the kids at the Astrodome. I hoped they would bring some ____31____ to those homeless kids. We spread the word to our schools and other organizations. Three days later, our club was flooded with new toys! When we ____32____ the Astrodome with our gifts, children ____33____ towards us from all directions.
Bzzzz... My cellphone brought me back to the present. To my joy, the storm had ____34____. “Hector, we have had more victims because of the tornado.” “Well, I’ve brought a lot of clothes for them. The storm kept me late, but I’ll be there soon!” I turned my car into the suddenly heavy traffic. I knew that any small act of kindness would make a big ____35____.
21．A．gently B．lazily C．heavily D．merrily
22．A．wash B．repair C．check D．park
23．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．cleared
24．A．curious B．frightened C．sure D．confident
25．A．And B．So C．Or D．But
26．A．contacting B．observing C．interviewing D．challenging
27．A．wet B．unique C．beautiful D．funny
28．A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something
29．A．greeted B．joined C．called D．annoyed
30．A．invent B．select C．collect D．produce
31．A．comfort B．freedom C．treatment D．belief
32．A．left B．entered C．decorated. D．filled
33．A．rushed B．paced C．cycled D．looked
34．A．struck B．passed C．come D．approached
35．A．argument B．impression C．difference D．balance
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over the past few days, a number of forest fires____36____ (break) out in Chongqing and its surrounding areas due to the extremely dry and hot weather. Many rescue personnel and volunteers participated in the rescue overnight, ____37____ moved people across the country. The mountain fires in several____38____ (region) in Chongqing have been____39____ (entire) put out. No deaths have been reported.
Chongqing motorcyclists are admired____40____ heroes for volunteering during the disaster to transport much-needed supplies to the fire and save workers____41____(fight) the wildfires caused by prolonged heat and drought across multiple districts in the municipality (自治市).
The heroic action inspired more volunteers with related skills and experience____42____ (join) the firefighting and the motorcyclists who have played____43____important role in the fighting won widespread praise. The team members, with an average age of 29, took turns to transport materials , equipment and a____44____ (various) of necessities to firefighters .
As images (影像) can be reflected in the mirror, good qualities will_____45_____(show)in a tough situation. Brave, courageous and devoted, the firefighters and volunteers are the real heroes.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．在过去几年中，我们目睹了人类活动引起的各种灾害。请写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关注这些灾害并保护环境。内容包括如下要点:
1.举出人类活动引发的灾害实例；
2.给出一些必要的防范措施；
3.号召大家行动起来拯救地球，保护环境。
注意
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear friends,
I am writing to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all! Thank you!
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the first and second grades, I was extremely shy. I had friends, but it just wasn’t in my personality to be very outgoing, even if I knew someone well. I was even quieter with strangers, and so I wasn’t very good at meeting new people. I was afraid that I would do or say something wrong.
So in our school’s annual grand play, I usually sat in a secluded (僻静的) corner to watch the performance alone. I hoped to sit in the background and watch the actors sweat in front of all those pairs of eyes.
One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, “Oh, Mary, you re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet personality. Perfect for Jenny! ‘ But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, “Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don’t want to, I won’t force you. It’s your choice.”
My mind was spinning (快速旋转) faster than the windmill (风车) on the school playground. Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, wanted me to play this role. She believed in me. My eyes moved across the room to a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, “If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon.” I looked into Mrs. Sally’s shining blue eyes and said, “Okay, I’ll try.” I realized it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was.
In the following five months, the teacher taught me how to set, put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on. Gradually, I mastered (掌握) my lines and songs.
注意：1、续写词数应为150左右；
2、请按如下格式作答。
The big day came at last.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed my nervousness.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案：
1．B    2．B    3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在灾难时有帮助的几款应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Siren GPS Mobile下列第二段中“But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency. (但如果紧急情况下手机网络中断，它也可以在Wi-Fi上运行。)”可知，选项B“如果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了。”不是Siren GPS Mobile应用程序的特点。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Life360下列第一段中“The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. (Life360应用程序提供了一种让亲人保持联系的服务。)”可知，如果你有Life360应用程序，你能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据First Aid by American Red Cross下列段落中“The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more. (该应用程序还可以提供信息，有助于对干旱、洪水、风暴等做出计划。)”可知，如果你想提前获得灾难的信息，最好的选择是First Aid by American Red Cross。故选D项。
4．A    5．B    6．D    7．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了龙卷风来临时的场景，展现了小女孩多萝西面对危险时的镇静坦然。
4．词义猜测题。根据第三段“The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark, and the wind blew horribly around her”(房子绕了两三圈，慢慢地在空中上升。多萝茜觉得自己好像在一只气球里上升。天很黑，风在她周围可怕地吹着)可知，房子被吹起来了，周围有可怕的风，可推断这是一场飓风来临时的景象，可猜测第一段“There’s a cyclone coming, Em”(cyclone要来了，艾米)中的cyclone就是下文描写的龙卷风；hurricane意为“龙卷风”，与cyclone同义。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“One glance told her of the danger close at hand. “Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar(地窖)!””(她一眼就知道危险即将来临。“快，多萝西！”她尖叫。“快跑到地窖去！”)可知，当时龙卷风已经临近，危险马上到来，结合常识可知，地窖可以作为躲避龙卷风的一个场所，所以可推断艾米婶婶进地窖是为了躲避龙卷风。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.”(最后，她从晃动的地板上爬到她的床上，躺了下来；托托跟着她，躺在她的身旁。尽管房子在摇晃，风在呼啸，多萝茜很快地闭上眼睛，很快地睡着了。)可知，龙卷风对多萝西和托托并没有什么影响，她甚至很快入睡了。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.”(她觉得自己好像被轻轻摇着，就像摇篮里的婴儿。)及“ut Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen”(多萝茜静静地坐在地板上，等着看会发生什么事)可知，多萝西面对龙卷风很平静；再结合最后一段“At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.”(最后，她从晃动的地板上爬到她的床上，躺了下来；托托跟着她，躺在她的身旁。尽管房子在摇晃，风在呼啸，多萝茜很快地闭上眼睛，很快地睡着了。)可知，多萝西不受龙卷风影响，依然平静地睡着了，可推断多萝西面对龙卷风非常镇静。故选C项。
8．A    9．C    10．D    11．B

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了四川发生汶川大地震的情况。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“People there spent a second night sleeping outside in the rain. ”（那里的人们在雨中度过了第二个晚上。）可知，地震后的绵阳是在下雨。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rescue teams brought people to Mianyang's stadium for food and shelter. ”（救援队将人们带到绵阳体育馆，寻找食物和住所。）可知，一些灾民被送到了体育馆。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Beichuan (北川)”，“Juyuan (聚源)”以及“Mianyang (绵阳)”可知，在所有地点中，只有D项“Pingwu (平武)”未提及。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A great earthquake happened in southwestern China on May 12,2008, killing thousands of people.The quake struck Wenchuan and other parts of Sichuan Province in the middle of the afternoon and a number of school buildings, shops and homes were destroyed. ”（2008年5月12日，中国西南部发生大地震，数千人死亡。地震于下午三点左右袭击了汶川和四川省其他地区，一些校舍、商店和房屋被毁。）可知，这篇文章主要介绍了四川汶川大地震的情况。故选B。
12．D    13．B    14．C    15．A

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要解释了沙尘暴是什么，产生沙尘暴的原因以及其对人类健康造成的危害等。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A very strong windstorm especially in the desert carries clouds of sand or dust that greatly reduces visibility. This wind is usually caused by convection currents (对流气流) which are created by intense heating of the ground and is usually strong enough to move entire sand dunes.”(一场非常强烈的风暴，尤其是在沙漠中，会携带大量的沙尘，大大降低能见度。这种风通常是由对流引起的，对流是由地面的强烈加热产生的，通常，它强大到足以移动整个沙丘。)可知，带有大量风沙的风，由于地面强烈的加热，拥有巨大威力甚至能够移动整个沙丘，因此在形成沙尘暴中起到首要作用的是地面的高温。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal.”(类似的沙尘暴在火星上也能发现，而且被认为是季节性的。)可知，火星上的沙尘暴呈现季节性特点，并未与地球的频次进行比较，所以A不正确。根据“Today the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms.”(今天，对森林的破坏和过度耕作会导致沙尘暴。)可知，对森林的破坏和过度农耕会导致沙尘暴，而不是说农耕本身危害大于益处，所以C不正确。根据“Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms.”(过度使用水资源也会导致沙尘暴。)可知过度使用水资源会导致沙尘暴，而不是沙尘暴导致水资源短缺，所以D不正确。根据第二段段中destruction of forests(森林破坏)、too much farming of farmland(过度农耕)以及Too much use of water resources(过度使用水资源)可知都属于人类的行为，因此人类行为是导致了沙尘暴的产生的原因。与B选项符合。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据题干中的the USA可以将答案定位到第三段。根据段中“In the United States of America, sandstorms are rare because of the lack of large deserts and more importantly the development of proper agricultural techniques.”(在美国，沙尘暴很少见，因为没有大的沙漠，更重要的是农业技术的发展。)可知，更主要的是因为农业技术的发展才导致沙尘暴在美国是比较少见的，与C选项the use of proper agricultural techniques相符，故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Today the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms.”(今天，对森林的破坏和过度耕作会导致沙尘暴。)可知，对森林的破坏和过度农耕会导致沙尘暴，所以在减少沙尘暴过程中，人类应该努力阻止把土壤变成沙子。A选项与此符合，故选A。
16．F    17．B    18．C    19．A    20．G

【导语】这是一篇说明文。有时候，我们在野外可能会遇到泥石流，这时候我们该怎么做呢？文章给出了一些建议。
16．根据空后“it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency.(它可以增加在紧急情况下的生存概率)”及下文的叙述可知，F项“如果知道一些紧急应对泥石流的知识”符合语境。故选F项。
17．根据空前两句“Pay attention to the surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance. If you hear it, you should raise the alarm.(注意周围环境，特别注意是否听到远处山谷传来雷鸣般的声音。如果你听到了，你应该提高警惕。)”可知，上文讲述如果听见雷鸣般的声音要提高警惕，B项“那很可能预示泥石流即将到来”解释要提高警惕的原因，符合语境。B项中的It指代上文的“thunder-like sound”。故选B项。
18．根据空后“If the path is perpendicular (垂直的) to the direction of debris flow and climbs to the hillside on both sides, the higher the better and the faster the better. It is absolutely not allowed to go to the downstream of debris flow.(如果路与泥石流的方向垂直，且两边都要爬上山坡，则越高越好，越快越好。绝对不允许去泥石流的下游。)”可知，此处是讲述泥石流的逃跑路径，C项“尽量确定安全的逃跑路径”引起下文。故选C项。
19．根据空后的内容，尤其是“... you should abandon the car and run away. If you hide in the car, it is easy to be buried in the car.(……你应该弃车逃跑。如果你躲在车里，很容易被埋在车里。)”可知，A项“不要待在车里”适合作本段的中心句。故选A项。
20．根据空前“Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.(不要认为刚刚发生泥石流的地区更安全。)”及空后“you must be careful of another one on the road.(你在路上一定要小心其他泥石流。)”可知，G项“如果你正沿着刚刚发生泥石流的地方行走”符合语境。故选G项。

21．C    22．D    23．A    24．B    25．D    26．C    27．A    28．D    29．B    30．C    31．A    32．B    33．A    34．B    35．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了飓风过后，作者及其朋友给无家可归的孩子们送去温暖的故事。文章告诉我们，任何小小的善举都会对社会产生巨大的影响。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：雨开始猛烈地打在我的车窗上。A. gently温柔地；B. lazily懒惰地；C. heavily严重地；D. merrily怜悯地。根据上文“a big storm came（一场大风暴来了）”可知一场暴风雨来了，说明雨下的非常大，故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不停下来把车停在路边。A. wash清洗；B. repair修理；C. check检查；D. park停车。根据本句“had to stop（不得不停止）”以及“along the roadside（沿着公路）”，可知飓风让开车变得不可能，不得不把车停在在路边。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐在车里，后座上放着成箱的衣服，让我想起了Katrina飓风。A. reminded使想起，提醒；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. cleared清除。结合后文“of Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风的）”可知风暴让作者想起了Katrina飓风。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心这会毁掉我的社区。A.curious好奇的；B.frightened害怕的；C.sure确定的；D.confident自信的。根据后文“it would destroy my neighbourhood（这会毁掉我的社区）”可知，飓风袭击了休斯顿，我担心台风会袭击到我的社区。故选B。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但它错过了我们的，却把城市的许多地方变成了废墟。A. And并且；B. So因此；C. Or或者；D. But但是。结合后文“it missed ours（它错过了我们的社区）”但是飓风错过了作者他们的社区，上下文为转折关系。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视上，我看到一名记者采访了休斯顿体育馆内的无家可归者。A. contacting接触；B. observing 观察；C. interviewing面试，采访；D. challenging挑战。根据空前 “saw a reporter（看到一个记者）” 以及空后“the homeless people inside the Houston Astrodome（休斯顿天体城里无家可归的人）可知，一个记者站在体育馆里，肯定是采访那些无家可归的人。故选C。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们中的许多人穿着又脏又湿的衣服，有些人脚上没有鞋子。A. wet湿的；B. unique独一无二的；C. beautiful漂亮的；D. funny有趣的。根据上文“Hurricane Katrina hit Houston when I was fourteen years old（卡特里娜飓风袭击休斯顿时，作者才14岁）”可知，很多人穿脏的湿的旧衣服，一些人连鞋都没有穿。故选A。
28．考查代词词义辨析。句意：突然，我知道我要去做一些事情。A. nothing没有；B. everything所有；C. anything任何；D. something某些事，一些东西。根据上句“I noticed a little boy behind the reporter hugging an old teddy bear.（我注意到记者身后有个小男孩抱着一只旧泰迪熊）“可知，看着这些无家可归的人，我知道我必须做些事情。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我的朋友们加入了我们的志愿者俱乐部，我们想出了一个计划，收集一些用过的玩具，把它们送给体育馆的孩子们。A. greeted打招呼；B. joined加入；C. called呼叫；D. annoyed烦恼的。结合后文“me at our volunteer club（我在我们的志愿者俱乐部）”可知作者的朋友也加入到志愿者俱乐部中来了。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我的朋友们加入了我们的志愿者俱乐部，我们想出了一个计划，收集一些用过的玩具，并把它们送给体育馆内的孩子们。A. invent发明；B. select选择；C. collect收集；D. produce生产。根据上文“The next day, my friends joined me at our volunteer club（第二天，我的朋友们加入了我们的志愿者俱乐部）”以及下文“give them to the kids at the Astrodome（送给阿斯特洛多体育馆的孩子们）”可知，我们想收集玩具，把它们给予那些小孩，给他们的生活带来快乐。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们能给那些无家可归的孩子带来一些安慰。A. comfort舒适，安慰；B. freedom自由；C. treatment治疗；D. belief信仰。根据上文“some used toys and give them to the kids at the Astrodome（用过的玩具送给阿斯特罗多圆顶体育馆的孩子们）”可知，我们想收集玩具，把它们给予那些小孩，给他们的生活带来安慰。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们带着礼物进入体育馆时，孩子们从四面八方飞奔向我们。A. left离开；B. entered进入；C. decorated装饰；D. filled填充。根据下文“children 　　13　　 toward us from all directions（孩子们从四面八方飞奔向我们）”可知，当我们带着礼物进入体育馆，孩子们从各个方向飞奔到我们身边。故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们带着礼物进入体育馆时，孩子们从四面八方飞奔向我们。A. rushed迅速移动；匆忙行事；B. paced踱步；C. cycled骑；D. looked看。根据下文“toward us from all directions（孩子们从四面八方）”可知，我们带着玩具来给孩子们，所以孩子很兴奋，从四面八方飞奔到我们身边。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我高兴的是，Katrina飓风已经过去了。A. struck罢工；B. passed过去，通过；C. come来；D. approached接近。结合上文“To my joy（令我高兴的是）”可知飓风已经过去了，这让作者高兴。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把车开进突然拥挤的车流中。我知道，任何一个小小的善举都会产生巨大的影响。A. argument争吵；B. impression印象； C. difference不同；D. balance平衡。根据上句“that any small act of kindness（任何小小的善举）”可知任何一个小小的善举都会产生巨大的影响，make a difference产生影响。故选C。

36．have broken    37．which    38．regions    39．entirely    40．as    41．fighting    42．to join    43．an    44．variety    45．be shown

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了重庆发生多起森林大火时，救援人员和志愿者的英勇事迹，歌颂了他们的勇敢和奉献精神。
36．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几天里，重庆及其周边地区发生了多起森林火灾，是由于极端干燥炎热的天气引起的。根据时间状语Over the past few days可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为forest fires是名词的复数形式。故填have broken。
37．考查定语从句。句意：许多救援人员和志愿者连夜参与救援，这感动了全国人民。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Many rescue personnel and volunteers participated in the rescue overnight，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用which引导。故填which。
38．考查名词的数。句意：重庆多个地区的山火已被完全扑灭。根据介词in可知，空处需用名词作宾语，且several需要修饰名词的复数。故填regions。
39．考查副词。句意：重庆多个地区的山火已被完全扑灭。空处修饰动词短语put out，需用副词形式。故填entirely。
40．考查介词。句意：重庆摩托车手们在灾难期间自愿为救灾运送急需的物资，并拯救因高温和干旱导致的火灾中的工作人员，因此他们被誉为英雄。be admired as为固定短语，意为“被人们所钦佩”。故填as。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：重庆摩托车手们在灾难期间自愿为救灾运送急需的物资，并拯救因高温和干旱导致的火灾中的工作人员，因此他们被誉为英雄。分析句子结构，save为并列结构中的谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，workers和fight之间为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填fighting。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一英勇的行动激励了更多具有相关技能和经验的志愿者加入灭火，在战斗中发挥重要作用的摩托车手们赢得了广泛赞誉。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to join。
43．考查冠词。句意：这一英勇的行动激励了更多具有相关技能和经验的志愿者加入灭火，在战斗中发挥重要作用的摩托车手们赢得了广泛赞誉。play an important role in为固定搭配，意为“起到重要作用”，且important发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。
44．考查名词。句意：队员们平均年龄29岁，他们轮流为消防员搬运物资和设备和各种必需品。根据不定冠词a可知空处填名词，a variety of为固定搭配，意为“各式各样”。故填variety。
45．考查被动语态。句意：正如影像可以在镜中反射一样，在困难的情况之下良好的品质将得到展现。主语 good qualities和谓语动词show构成被动关系，结合空格前的will可知，空处需要填be shown和will构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填be shown。
46．Dear friends，
I am writing to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities. As we know, over the past years, floods, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings. So it is high time that we should join efforts to save our planet.
Above all, the top priority for us is to plant as many trees as possible, especially in the arid areas. Meanwhile, we should protect wild plants and animals to maintain the ecological balance. And we can save our planet through many other ways, such as saving water and using recyclable paper. Since it’s our duty to protect our planet, don’t hesitate to join us in the action and take thesemeasures.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关注灾害并保护环境。
【详解】1.词汇积累
付出努力：join efforts→work hard
同时：meanwhile→at the same time
责任：duty→responsibility
保护：protect→guard
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：As we know, over the past years, floods, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet.
拓展句：It is well known that over the past years, floods, landslides, and dust storms have frequented our planet.
【点睛】[高分句型1] So it is high time that we should join efforts to save our planet.(运用了虚拟语气)
[高分句型2] Since it’s our duty to protect our planet, don’t hesitate to join us in the action and take thesemeasures.(运用了since引导原因状语从句)
47．       The big day came at last. I jogged all the way to the backstage of the school hall. Cameras were lighting up in all directions. Looking back on five months practise, I seemed to have confidence in myself. I found a new person inside me, a much more daring and outgoing person who had been hidden all along. However, when I was about to go on stage, my heart was pounding so hard that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed that my nervousness. “It doesn’t matter how you do tonight,” she said. “You’ve already shown how wonderful you are.” Looking into Mrs Sally’s shining blue eyes, I calmed down and then walked onto the stage with his warm words like a ray of sunshine. When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. The scene made me feel myself floating in an ocean of happiness. I knew that all this was due to the encouragement from my teacher, who helped me find the confidence to succeed.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，在一年级和二年级的时候，作者非常害羞，所以在学校一年一度的盛大演出时，作者总是坐在一个僻静的角落独自观看。上三年级的时候，Sally老师认为作者很适合演一部剧中的Jenny，便鼓励作者演这一角色。经过五个月的练习，作者登台演出前感觉非常紧张，但在Sally老师的鼓励下作者成功完成了演出。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“大日子终于来了。”可知，第一段可描写作者在登台演出前的紧张情绪和心理活动等。
②由第二段首句内容“这时，Sally老师来到后台做最后的检查，注意到我的紧张。”可知，第二段可描写Sally老师对作者的鼓励以及作者在Sally老师的鼓励下成功完成演出。
2.续写线索：演出来临——感到紧张——老师鼓励——演出成功
3.词汇激活
行为类
①慢跑：jog/canter/run slowly
②完成：finish/accomplish
③帮助某人做某事：help sb. do sth./aid sb. to do sth.
情绪类
①（心脏）狂跳：pound/beat quickly and loudly
②镇定下来：calm down/collect oneself
【点睛】[高分句型1] I found a new person inside me, a much more daring and outgoing person who had been hidden all along. (a much more daring and outgoing person和前面的a new person是同位语；who引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]However, when I was about to go on stage, my heart was pounding so hard that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak. (运用了由when引导的时间状语从句和so...that...引导的结果状语从句)
[高分句型3]I knew that all this was due to the encouragement from my teacher, who helped me find the confidence to succeed. (由连词that引导的宾语从句和关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句)