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2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷（含答案）
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这是一份2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷（含答案），共25页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are exclamation marks necessary?!
Punctuation is so important in writing that it is one of the first things you learn in school. It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of ____1____ is being written. As is known to us, it ____2____ indicate the end of a sentence, a question or — in the exclamation mark’s case — a strong emotion. Without an exclamation mark in the correct place, a warning road sign might read, “Children please drive slowly” ____3____ ____4____ “Children! Please drive slowly”.
An exclamation mark is a valid form of punctuation ____5____ origin can be traced back to a 14th century Italian scholar. The exclamation mark informs the reader that there are strong feelings in the words. Although it is up to the reader ____6____ (grasp) exactly what that emotion is, it’s a useful signal. Also, exclamation marks on road signs help to keep people safe. As punctuation expert Philip Cowell writes, “There’s a meaningful difference between ‘duck’ and ‘duck!’” Of course, using them too much ____7____ (make) exclamation marks lose their purpose but that doesn’t mean they are useless.
However, ____8____ matters how punctuation is used. Some writers argue that exclamation marks are never truly necessary. Famous author Terry Pratchett writes that someone who uses multiple exclamation marks is likely to wear “underpants on his head”. Perhaps this is because they seem shouty and forced, ____9____ (give) away a writer’s need to tell the reader how to read a sentence. It’s _____10_____ (good) to leave them out and let the reader react to the words on their own terms. A good writer can create emotions with just words and sentences, _____11_____ that’s fear, wonder or joy. Exclamation marks make the writer seem desperate and can be tiring to read. One writer described them as “the cockroach of the punctuation world”, meaning they are everywhere, and they are pests.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．manually B．alternative C．approaches D．trained E. promise F. sorting
G. categories H. advanced I. potentially J. equivalent K. anticipating
Will AI be the first to discover ET or alien life?From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien civilizations. The search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) intelligence, known as SETI, is an effort to find signals that might have come from a(n) _____12_____ civilization in a far-away solar system. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), is used to help astronomers quickly filter the vast amounts of data. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what _____13_____ does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth?
“It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine-learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. When it comes to analyzing data, going through millions of observations _____14_____ isn’t practical. A common _____15_____ method is to use algorithms(算法) that look for signals matching astronomers’ expectation. But those algorithms can overlook _____16_____ interesting signals that are slightly different from what astronomers are expecting.
When it comes to AI, machine-learning algorithms are _____17_____ on large amounts of data and can learn to recognize the Earthly interference. Thus, it makes them very good at _____18_____ out the noise. Machine learning is also good at picking up the extraterrestrial signals that don’t fall into conventional _____19_____ and so might have been missed by earlier methods, says Dan Werthimer, a SETI scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. Peter Ma, a mathematician and physicist at the University of Toronto, Canada, agrees. “We can’t always be _____20_____ what ET might send to us,” he says.
Still, SETI will probably continue to use a mixture of classical and machine-learning _____21_____ to screen through data, says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA．Classical algorithms remain excellent at picking up candidate signals, and machine learning is “not a cure-all”, he says. “The machines can’t do it all, yet,” agrees Werthimer.
三、完形填空
One summer midnight several years ago, standing outside a wooden cabin in Michigan River, I looked up. The sky was filled with thousands of stars, the sight of which was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of _____22_____ up into the star-filled sky. But to whom? Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
As a bat scientist, Eklof’s work on bats requires a specific kind of darkness—the _____23_____kind, unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is _____24_____. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches in Sweden’s southwest housed bat colonies. Not any longer. “Today, forty years later, research I’ve done with my colleagues shows that this number has been reduced by a third, _____25_____ light pollution and other factors. Because the churches are all _____26_____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night,” he writes. “We are surrounding ourselves with light.”
Excess light is incredibly _____27_____ to the complex eco-systems nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals inhabit. It _____28_____ away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths, leaving them easily _____29_____ to predation(捕食) or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love. Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate _____30_____ and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet.
It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can ______31______ for a darker world — for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots. But darkness is not safe for everyone. We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so ______32______ in the first place.
The bottom line: We can change if we want to. Some of the solutions to light pollution— motion-detecting lights, shielded lights that do not ______33______ light upward, artificial light with wavelengths that is similar to natural light—are already within our grasp, if we just ______34______ them. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to,” said Eklof in a recent interview. “______35______, it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now it is hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be equipped with an array of programmed and ______36______ low-impact LED lights. Or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.
22．A．honour B．gratitude C．optimism D．determination
23．A．artificial B．brilliant C．faint D．absolute
24．A．achieved B．distracted C．enhanced D．threatened
25．A．resulting from B．bringing about C．judging by D．contributing to
26．A．decorated B．restored C．lit D．faded
27．A．effective B．sensitive C．positive D．destructive
28．A．scares B．blows C．pulls D．turns
29．A．accustomed B．subject C．available D．restricted
30．A．on duty B．in turn C．on time D．in public
31．A．stimulate B．advocate C．negotiate D．account
32．A．challenging B．appealing C．demanding D．outstanding
33．A．absorb B．stretch C．transform D．reflect
34．A．reach for B．apply to C．long for D．adapt to
35．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．However D．Instead
36．A．fundamentally B．scientifically C．environmentally D．economically
四、阅读理解
When I was so small that my head barely touched the windowsill, we lived in the evergreen forests of Vermont. Our home was far, far away from any town or city, but that was the way we liked it.
Some winters, it got so cold that the river would freeze, which was unusual for water like that, water which ran so fast and deep. It felt as though time had stopped near the river, and so it had decided to become solid, settling in to wait for spring. We liked to skate on that river, my grandfather and I, even though the ice was uneven and his brown leather skates was so old.
One night, in the most frigid winter my young mind could recall, long after I should have been asleep, I caught my grandfather sneaking out of the front door, his ancient leather skates in his hands. He looked sheepish when he saw me, like I had caught him doing something silly, but I was so young that I thought no adult could ever do wrong. Especially not my grandfather, because he was the model of wisdom in my eyes.
“Grandpa, where are you going?” I asked.
“Skating on the river.”
“Why would you go out now? We did that yesterday morning.”
He looked a little thoughtful, and then he said: “It’s just that when you go out there, on the coldest, stillest night of the year, and you lie on your back on the thick, bubbled river ice, you can hear them.”
“Hear who?”
“The fish. Trapped there under the ice. You can hear them singing their watery winter song. And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.”
37．The underlined word “sheepish” is closest in meaning to “____________”.
A．quiet B．calm C．frightened D．embarrassed
38．Why did my grandfather sneak out that cold midnight?
A．To enjoy the charm of a peaceful night.
B．To perfect his skating skills by practice.
C．To catch the fish trapped under the ice.
D．To breathe the fresh air in the forest.
39．What can we infer from the passage?
A．It was unusual for a fast-flowing river to freeze in midwinter.
B．My grandfather and I enjoyed skating because of the uneven ice.
C．I admired my grandfather for his wisdom and outlook on life.
D．I was glad to hear the stars singing together with my grandfather.
40．The author writes the passage mainly to ____________.
A．describe the joy of living in a mountainous area
B．highlight how embracing nature can purify us
C．keep record of the carefree childhood memories
D．explain why skating is such an appealing sport
New big pack from Sierra Designs
The latest pack from Sierra Designs is the Gigawatt 60L. The pack has an adjustable back system that fits back lengths from 40cm to 53cm. It’s made from durable 300D polyester. Features include a zipped top and side access, oversized side and front pockets. The Gigawatt 60L weighs 1.84kg and costs £130.
sierradesigns.com
Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots
Maestrale Re-Made ski boots are made from Polymer taken from around three tons of leftover materials. Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a “classic” boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. The design and manufacturing process behind the Re-Made boot were developed by Scarpa’s Green Lab, the production department dedicated to sustainable solutions. A pair costs £500.
scarpa.co.uk / ellis-brigham.com
Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update
The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. The Breeze is also comfortable to wear with its soft footbed. The Breeze weighs 1120 grams and comes in two widths. It costs £140.
vasque.com
The North Face launches new ski touring clothing
The Dawn Turn clothing provides a layering system for ski touring designed to keep you warm, dry and freely moving. It includes a shell jacket, midlayers, trousers and accessories. The Dawn Turn 2.0 jacket won the innovation award at ISPO for its breathable layer. The cost is £350. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket is made from waterproof DryVent. It features a windproof hood and oversized front pockets, and costs £325.
thenorthface.co.uk
41．The target readers of the passage are probably ______________.A．The ski athletes B．The outdoor lovers
C．The environmentalists D．The sports retailers
42．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Both kinds of boots mentioned in the passage have two different widths.
B．The latest big pack from Sierra Designs has a fixed back system.
C．The Vasque Breeze hiking boot is both eco-friendly and waterproof.
D．The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket won the innovation award at ISPO.
43．In the boots production, which order is correct based on the carbon emissions of the materials?
A．Polymer > Pebax Renew >Fossil-based Plastics
B．Fossil-based Plastics > Pebax Renew > Polymer
C．Fossil-based Plastics > Polymer >Pebax Renew
D．Polymer >Fossil-based Plastics >Pebax Renew
My 21-year-old niece, a second-year undergraduate, mentioned that she watches video lectures offline at twice the normal speed. Struck by this, I asked some other students I know. Many now routinely speed up their lectures when learning offline — often by 1.5 times, sometimes by even more. Speed learning is not for everyone, but there are websites where students discuss how odd it will be once they return to the lecture theatre. One contributor wrote: “Normal speed now sounds like drunk speed.”
Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet. “This is a time for schools and systems to reimagine education without schooling or classrooms,” says Professor Yong Zhao. Dr Jim Watterston in Australia thinks that, while the traditional classroom is still alive and well, education needs to be more adventurous and flexible. Earlier this year, Zhao and Watterston co-authored a paper in which they identified some major changes that should happen in education post-lockdown.
The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information. “For humans to progress in the age of smart machines, it is essential that they do not compete with machines.”, they wrote, “Instead, they need to be more human.”
The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. It’s also where the concept of “productive failure” applies. Professor Manu Kapurin argues that students learn better from their own or others’ failed attempts to solve a problem before or even instead of being told how to solve it.
If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”
44．By giving examples of “speed learning” in the first paragraph, the author wants to show that _________.
A．digital world is dramatically reforming the way of learning.
B．speed learning completely replaces normal speed learning.
C．returning to the lecture theatre is strange after speed learning.
D．education begins to adapt to digital world after Covid-19.
45．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．It is essential for smart machines to be more human.
B．Students should possess more information about creativity.
C．Students value others’ failure over their own failure.
D．“Active learning” calls for diverse ways of involvement.
46．According to Zhao and Watterston, the major changes in education should include _________.
①learning mode ②learning motive ③learning attitude ④learning focus
A．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④
47．According to the passage, what does the author most probably agree with?
A．Speed learning harms students’ learning efficiency.
B．The coming revolution in education is irreversible.
C．Teachers will play a less important role in the future.
D．The traditional classrooms will eventually disappear.
五、六选四
Flamingos (火烈鸟) make long friendships
When it comes to making friends, humans often seek people with similar interests and personalities. _____48_____. The long-legged birds can form friendships that last for years, and they depend on their friends for support when they fall out with rivals.
Scientist Dr Paul Rose had already spotted that flamingos seemed to form narrow exclusive circles. _____49_____. To find out why flamingos befriend some but not others, they studied both Chilean and Caribbean flamingos living in a nature reserve in Gloucestershire, England.
Each bird wore a ring around one leg with a unique code to tell them apart. McCully spent months studying their behaviour and built a personality profile for each flamingo. She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals. _____50_____.
McCully and Rose found that for the Caribbean birds, personality seemed to matter more in friendships than it did for Chilean flamingos. Caribbean birds were more likely to defend their friends and the confident ones had much larger social groups than the quieter birds. The researchers found this surprising because in many ways, including body shape and how they search for food in the wild, the two species are very similar.
_____51_____. In that case, all personality types are represented and each flamingo has the chance to find a like-minded friend. McCully and Rose said, “If humans require friendships to be happy, is it really such a great leap to think that flamingos might need the same?”
A．Their long-lasting relationships are important for survival in the wild.
B．He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour.
C．The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock.
D．According to a recent study, so do flamingos.
E．This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights.
F．New research shows that flamingos with brighter colors tend to be more aggressive.
六、概要写作
52．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How your unique story can get you hired?
You’re sitting at your computer to apply for your dream job, but suddenly you’re not confident enough to get it. So you don’t even submit the application. It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment, especially if you’re people of color, first generation college student, or you don’t have a traditional background. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
Ask yourself two questions. The first one: why do you want to do this work? Maybe you already know the kind of job or work environment that makes you happy, or maybe you haven’t quite figured that out yet. Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues. For example, your brother had to overcome his dyslexia (诵读困难症), and you helped him with his reading. Gradually, you became interested in education. That motivated you to work as a teacher.
The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have? For example, you undertook multiple jobs unrelated to your major while you were in college. When you’re in an interview, go ahead and talk about them, because it will show the employer that you have time management skills and a strong passion for work. Employers are looking for well-rounded individuals that are capable of accomplishing various job tasks.
Go back and reflect on those tough questions that you need to answer. The answers are what makes you you. Reframing your story can remake your confidence over and over again, but it takes time. It’s like running a marathon. You have to train and practice. When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
53．大多数人习惯于通过GPS来定位目的地，并规划路线。(accustom)(汉译英)
54．这本书中提到的这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。(explain) (汉译英)
55．中国饮食享有色、香、味俱佳且花样繁多的盛誉，吸引了世界各地的食客。(reputation) (汉译英)
56．世上没有后悔药，你应该学会的是不念过往，不负当下，不畏将来。(use) (汉译英)
八、其他应用文
57．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个。给他写封邮件，内容需包含：
1.你的选择
2.你的理由及如何执行该计划
①参加山区支教志愿服务
②去祖国各地走走
③学习技能，如驾驶、乐器演奏、视频剪辑等
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．what 2．can 3．rather##instead 4．than##of 5．whose 6．to grasp 7．makes 8．it 9．giving 10．better 11．whether
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要围绕感叹号是否有必要展开了讨论，最终证实了感叹号是一种有效的标点符号。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：这是一个带有不同标记的通用代码，有助于理解所写内容的含义。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“写的内容”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
2．考查情态动词。句意：众所周知，感叹号可以表示一个句子的结尾，一个问题，或者——在感叹号的情况下——表示一种强烈的情感。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can表示“能够，可以”，满足句意要求。故填can。
3．考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语rather than或者instead of“而不是”，满足句意要求。故填rather/ instead。
4．考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语rather than或者instead of“而不是”，满足句意要求。故填than/of。
5．考查定语从句。句意：感叹号是一种有效的标点符号，它的起源可以追溯到14世纪的一位意大利学者。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词An exclamation mark在从句中作origin的定语成分，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
6．考查固定句型。句意：尽管这种情绪是什么取决于读者，但它是一个有用的信号。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型It’s up to sb to do sth“由某人决定去做某事”，满足句意要求。故填to grasp。
7．考查动词。句意：当然，过多使用感叹号会使感叹号失去作用，但这并不意味着它们毫无用处。分析句子可知，空处为but并列句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且主语为动名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填makes。
8．考查代词。句意：然而，标点符号的使用方式很重要。分析可知，“how punctuation is used”是句子主语，因此空处填入it作形式主语。故填it。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：也许这是因为它们看起来很吵，很勉强，暴露出作者需要告诉读者如何阅读一个句子。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，give away和逻辑主语this为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填giving。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：最好把它们去掉，让读者自己对这些词做出反应。根据句意可知，此处为固定句型it is better to do“最好做某事”，满足句意要求，所以此处为形容词的比较级形式。故填better。
11．考查连词。句意：一个优秀的作家可以用文字和句子创造情感，无论是恐惧、好奇还是快乐。分析句子可知，此处为连词whether...or...“无论……还是……”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填whether。
12．H 13．E 14．A 15．B 16．I 17．D 18．F 19．G 20．K 21．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就人工智能会不会第一个发现外星人或外星生命的话题展开，论述了人工智能在寻找外星生命上的研究。
12．考查形容词。句意：搜寻地外文明，即SETI，是一项寻找可能来自遥远太阳系的先进文明的信号的努力。结合句意表示“先进”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。故选H。
13．考查名词。句意：随着人工智能重塑许多科学领域，它对寻找地球以外的生命有什么希望？结合句意表示“希望”可知应填名词promise，作宾语，故填promise。故选E。
14．考查副词。句意：在分析数据时，手动查看数百万个观测数据是不现实的。结合句意表示“手动”可知应填副词manually，修饰动词短语going through。故填manually。故选A。
15．考查形容词。句意：一种常见的替代方法是使用算法来寻找符合天文学家预期的信号。结合句意表示“替代”可知应填形容词alternative，作定语修饰名词method。故填alternative。故选B。
16．考查副词。句意：但这些算法可能会忽略一些可能有趣的信号，这些信号与天文学家预期的略有不同。结合句意表示“可能”可知应填副词potentially，修饰动词overlook，作状语。故填potentially。故选I。
17．考查动词。句意：在人工智能方面，机器学习算法接受了大量数据的训练，可以学习识别地球干扰。结合句意表示“训练”可知应填动词train，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填trained。故选D。
18．考查动词。句意：因此，这使他们非常善于分类噪音。结合句意表示“分类”可知应填动词sort，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填sorting。故选F。
19．考查名词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的SETI科学家Dan Werthimer说，机器学习还擅长捕捉不属于传统类别的外星信号，这些信号可能被早期的方法忽略了。结合句意表示“类别”以及上文没有冠词，可知应填名词categories，故填categories。故选G。
20．考查动词。句意：他说：“我们不能总是期待ET可能会给我们发送什么。”结合句意表示“期待”可知应填动词anticipate，结合上文always be可知应用-ing形式，故填anticipating。故选K。
21．考查名词。句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-Luc Margot说，SETI可能会继续混合使用经典和机器学习的方法来筛选数据。结合句意表示“方法”可知应填名词approach，根据上文a mixture of classical and machine-learning可知为复数形式。故填approaches。故选C。
22．B 23．D 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．B 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响，以及作者提出了可能的解决方法。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩词。A. honour荣誉；B. gratitude感恩；C. optimism乐观主义；D. determination决心。根据后文“Birds do not migrate _____9_____ and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet”以及“It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can _____10_____ for a darker world — for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots.”可知作者的感恩是出于对Johan Eklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名蝙蝠科学家，埃克洛夫对蝙蝠的研究需要一种特殊的黑暗—纯粹的那种不受光污染的黑暗。A. artificial人工的；B. brilliant灿烂的；C. faint微弱的；D. absolute完全的。根据后文“unpolluted by light”可知埃克洛夫的研究需要的是完全没有光污染的黑暗。故选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这类黑暗受到了威胁。A. achieved获得；B. distracted分心；C. enhanced增强；D. threatened威胁。根据后文“Because the churches are all _____5_____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night,”可知这种类型的光减少了很多， 收到了威胁。故选D项。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事们所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素导致了这个数字已经减少了三分之一。A. resulting from由……引起；B. bringing about导致；C. judging by从……判断；D. contributing to为……作出贡献。根据后文的“Because the churches are all _____5_____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night”可知光污染和其他因素导致他的研究减少了。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为在晚上教堂都装饰地像嘉年华一样。A. decorated装饰；B. restored恢复；C. lit点亮；D. faded褪色。根据后文的“We are surrounding ourselves with light.”可知教堂用灯光装饰了。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过量的光线对夜间活动的动物所居住的复杂生态系统具有难以置信的破坏性。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. positive积极的；D. destructive破坏性的。根据后文的“It _____7_____ away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths”可知过量的光线是有破坏性的。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把埃克洛夫研究的蝙蝠吓跑了。A. scares吓到，使……害怕；B. blows打击；C. pulls拉；D. turns转动。根据前文的“Excess light is____6_____ destructive to the complex eco-systems nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals inhabit.”可知蝙蝠吓跑了。故选A项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了对光敏感的蛾类，使它们很容易被捕食或者无休止地飞向永远不会回报他们爱的光芒。A. accustomed习惯的；B. subject可能受……影响的；C. available可用的；D. restricted受限制的。根据后文“or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love”可知灯光影响了蛾类。故选B项。
30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：鸟类不准时迁徙，甚至它们也忘了唱歌。A. on duty值班；B. in turn依次；C. on time准时；D. in public当众。根据常识可知鸟儿迁徙每年几乎是同一个时间。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像埃克洛夫这样的中年作家支持一个更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校园和没有灯光的停车场。A. stimulate刺激；B. advocate辩护，支持；C. negotiate协商；D. account认为是，视为。根据后文“We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so _____11_____ in the first place.”可知克洛夫支持“黑暗世界”。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要首先解决那些使照明场所如此吸引人的社会问题。A. challenging挑战性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. demanding要求高的；D. outstanding优秀的。根据前文“Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate _____9_____ and even they forget to sing.”可知这些灯光对动物和昆虫们太有吸引力。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光都已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. absorb吸收；B. stretch拉伸；C. transform变换；D. reflect反映，反射。根据后文“light upward”可知此处指的是灯光向上反射。故选D项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反射光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光—如果我们能找到的话，它们已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. reach for伸手去够；B. apply to适用于；C. long for渴望；D. adapt to适应。根据前文“are already within our grasp”可知此处表示在我们可掌控范围内。故选A项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此找到一条中间道路至关重要。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据前文“We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to”可知此处表示一种结果。故选A项。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：50年后，每个城市都可以配备一系列程序化、环保的低冲击LED灯。A. fundamentally基本上地；B. scientifically科学地；C. environmentally环境地，环保地；D. economically经济地，实惠地。根据后文“low-impact LED lights”可知是环保的LED灯。故选C项。
37．D 38．A 39．C 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家住在佛蒙特州的常绿森林里，离任何城镇都很远很远，但这正是作者一家人喜欢的地方，以及作者祖父在寒冷的午夜做的事情，让作者感受到了拥抱自然可以净化人们心灵。
37．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…like I had caught him doing something silly, but I was so young that I thought no adult could ever do wrong.”（就像我发现他在做什么傻事一样，但我太年轻了，我认为没有成年人会做错事。）可知，提到我发现他在做什么傻事一样，故可猜测划线单词sheepish为“窘迫的”意思，结合选项D项embarrassed“尴尬的”意思一致。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He looked a little thoughtful, and then he said: “It’s just that when you go out there, on the coldest, stillest night of the year, and you lie on your back on the thick, bubbled river ice, you can hear them.””（他看起来有点若有所思，然后他说：“只是当你在一年中最寒冷、最寂静的夜晚，躺在厚厚的、冒泡的河冰上时，你能听到他们的声音。”）以及最后一段中“And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可推知，爷爷在那个寒冷的午夜偷偷溜出去是为了享受宁静夜晚的魅力。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Especially not my grandfather, because he was the model of wisdom in my eyes.”（尤其是我的祖父，因为他是我眼中智慧的典范。）以及最后一段中“And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可知，我们能从文章中推断出作者钦佩祖父的智慧和人生观。故选C项。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was so small that my head barely touched the windowsill, we lived in the evergreen forests of Vermont. Our home was far, far away from any town or city, but that was the way we liked it.”（当我很小的时候，我的头几乎碰不到窗台，我们住在佛蒙特州的常绿森林里。我们的家离任何城镇都很远很远，但这正是我们喜欢的地方。）以及最后一段中“And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了强调拥抱自然可以净化我们。故选B项。
41．B 42．C 43．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几款户外活动装备背包，鞋子和衣服。
41．推理判断题。主要介绍了几款户外活动装备背包，鞋子和衣服。文章Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update部分“The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. (Vasque Breeze登山靴采用环保材料进行了现代化改造。)”可知这篇文章的目标读者可能是户外爱好者，故选B。
42．细节理解题。文章Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update部分“It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. (它现在由回收聚酯纤维制成，是第一款采用VasqueDry防水膜的靴子，该防水膜由25%的回收材料制成。)”可知根据短文，陈述是正确的的是Vasque Breeze登山靴既环保又防水，故选C。
43．细节理解题。文章Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots部分“Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a “classic” boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. (用聚合物制造一只重新制造的靴子比用植物基Pebax Rnew制造一只“经典”靴子少排放27%的二氧化碳，后者比化石基塑料少排放32%的二氧化碳。)”可知在靴子生产中，根据材料的碳排放量，顺序是正确的化石塑料>Pebax Renew>聚合物，故选B。
44．A 45．D 46．A 47．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。疫情之后，教育也发生了一些变化。文章认为教育的内容应该有所转变，而学习的主动权则应该交给学生。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet.(早在2019冠状病毒病之前，教育在适应数字世界，但与许多其他人类活动一样，疫情也极大地推动了学习向虚拟发展。一夜之间，学校和大学都关闭了，老师和学生不得不想办法通过互联网来做他们只能做的事情)”可知，第一段的例子主要是为了引出主题，也就是数字世界正在改变学习方式。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. (二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，“主动学习”需要多种参与方式，故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information.(首先是内容，内容应该强调创造力、批判性思维和领导力，而不是信息的收集和存储)”以及文章第四段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example.(二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，他们认为教育的改变主要应该是在内容和模式上。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”(如果时代的进步无法阻挡即将到来的教育改革，那么传统课堂似乎不太可能在试图让时光倒流的尝试中有任何运气。正如劳里拉德所言，“我们20年来一直在说的话，只有一场全球大流行才能让人明白。”)”可知，作者认为教育改革是不可逆转的。故选B。
48．D 49．B 50．E 51．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是火烈鸟拥有长久的友谊。
48．根据空前“When it comes to making friends, humans often seek people with similar interests and personalities.(说到交朋友，人们通常会找兴趣和性格相似的人。)”可知，人类寻找兴趣和性格相似的人交友，空后的“The long-legged birds can form friendships that last for years, and they depend on their friends for support when they fall out with rivals.(这种长腿鸟可以建立持续多年的友谊，当它们与竞争对手闹翻时，它们依靠朋友的支持。)”讲述的是这种长腿的鸟可以建立持续多年的友谊，所以此空处要引出“这种长腿鸟”，即火烈鸟，D选项“According to a recent study, so do flamingos.(根据最近的一项研究，火烈鸟也是如此)”中的内容起到承上启下的作用，从人类交友到火烈鸟的完美过渡。故选D项。
49．根据空前“Scientist Dr Paul Rose had already spotted that flamingos seemed to form narrow exclusive circles.(科学家保罗·罗斯博士已经发现火烈鸟似乎形成了狭窄的专属圈子。)”介绍的是科学家Dr Paul Rose的发现，而空后“To find out why flamingos befriend some but not others, they studied both Chilean and Caribbean flamingos living in a nature reserve in Gloucestershire, England.(为了找出为什么火烈鸟和一些人交朋友，而不是另一些人，他们研究了生活在英格兰格洛斯特郡自然保护区的智利和加勒比火烈鸟。)”中使用的代词是they，所以they为解题关键，因空前只有一名科学家，而空后的句子主语是they，所以此空处需引出另外的科学家，B选项“He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour.(他与研究动物行为的科学家菲奥娜·麦卡利(Fiona McCully)合作。)”中提到的Dr Paul Rose与另一位科学家Fiona McCully一起研究火烈鸟，符合上下文逻辑。故选B项。
50．根据空前的“She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals.(她发现自信、好斗的火烈鸟在友谊群中骄傲地走来走去，而安静的鸟儿则小心翼翼地避开那些个体。)”可知，有些安静的火烈鸟会避开这些在群体中骄傲地走来走去的火烈鸟，E选项“This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights.(这种回避可能有助于防止打架。)”中的this avoidance指代的内容与空前内容吻合，且符合逻辑。故选E项。
51．根据空后“In that case, all personality types are represented and each flamingo has the chance to find a like-minded friend.(在这种情况下，所有性格类型都有代表，每只火烈鸟都有机会找到志同道合的朋友。)”中的In that case为解题的关键，在那种情况下，每只火烈鸟都有机会找到一个志同道合的朋友，由此可知，火烈鸟需要生活在群体中，C选项“The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock.(科学家们得出结论，将火烈鸟放在一大群中很重要。)”讲述的内容与in that case指代的内容一致，符合逻辑。故选C项。
52．(version1)
When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful. First, look for some possible motives from your previous experiences. Second, dig your strengths and demonstrate them to the employers. If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job. (55 words)
(version2)
Your unique story can help you get your dream job successfully. The key is to make good use of the story. First, ask yourself why you want to do this work by referring to your personal experiences. Second, figure out how you can demonstrate your unique strengths to the employers. With these skills, you are more likely to get hired. (60 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在申请自己梦想中的工作时，要改变对自己故事的看法，首先弄清楚自己为什么要做这项工作，其次，在面试时，展现自己的独特品质，以此在所有候选人中脱颖而出。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
②The first one: why do you want to do this work? Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues.
③The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have?
④When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When you experience self-doubt in job-hunting, perceiving your own story from a different perspective is helpful.
First, look for some possible reasons from your personal experiences.
Second, dig your unique qualities and exhibit them to the employers.
If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely to stand out among all the candidates.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful.（运用了主从复合句对第一段进行概括，其中when引导的时间状语从句、动名词短语作句子主语表达高级）
【高分句型2】If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job.（运用了主从复合句对第四段进行概括，其中if引导的条件状语从句表达高级）
53．The majority of people/ Most people are accustomed to locating destinations and planning routes via/by/through GPS.
【详解】考查时态和短语以及介词。本句在陈述事实，用一般现在时。“大多数人”为the majority of people/ most people ，“习惯于做某事”为be accustomed to doing sth，“定位目的地”为locate destinations，“规划路线”为 plan routes，“通过GPS”为via/by/through GPS。故翻译为：The majority of people/ Most people are accustomed to locating destinations and planning routes via/by/through GPS.
54．These problems mentioned in this book are so complicated/complex that they cannot be explained in a few words.
These problems mentioned in the book are too complicated/complex to explain in a few words.
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和状语从句。“这些问题”翻译为These problems，在句中作主语，与mention之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，所以“这本书里提到的”翻译为mentioned in this book；so...that...如此……，以至于……，引导结果状语从句；too...to...太……以至于……，用不定式作结果状。“盘根错节”翻译为complicated/complex；“三言两语说不清楚”翻译为 they cannot be explained in a few words。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为These problems mentioned in this book are so complicated/complex that they cannot be explained in a few words.或 These problems mentioned in the book are too complicated/complex to explain in a few words.
55．Chinese cuisine/diet/food enjoys the reputation for its color, scent/aroma, taste and wide variety/diversity, which attracts people around the world.
【详解】考查句子翻译。“中国饮食”翻译为Chinese cuisine/diet/food；“享有盛誉”翻译为enjoys the reputation for；“色香味俱佳”翻译为its color, scent/aroma, taste；“花样繁多”翻译为wide variety/diversity；“吸引了世界各地的食客”翻译为attracts people around the world。分析句子结构可知，此句可用非限制性定语从句引导。故答案为Chinese cuisine/diet/food enjoys the reputation for its color, scent/aroma, taste and wide variety/diversity, which attracts people around the world.。
56．It’s no use crying over spilt milk, and what you should learn is to forget the past, live in the moment and embrace the future.
【详解】考查动词、动词短语和固定句式以及主语从句。表示“世上没有后悔药”可以使用固定句式结构It’s no use doing，此句可以翻译成It’s no use crying over spilt milk；表示“不念过往”短语为forget the past；“不负当下”的动词短语是live in the moment；“不畏将来”的动词短语是embrace the future；这三个短语并列作表语；“你应该学会的是”可以使用what引导的主语从句what you should learn；根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为It’s no use crying over spilt milk, and what you should learn is to forget the past, live in the moment and embrace the future。
57．Dear jack,
I’m more than glad to hear from you. Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.
This three - month vacation will undoubtedly be my longest holiday ever. Therefore, I’d like to make it as meaningful as possible. Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition. In the meanwhile, I can meet many interesting people and learn about society. Besides, I’m planning to enroll in a driving course and try to get my driver’s license as driving will be an important and necessary skill in modern society. If time permits, I’m going to learn some Musical Instruments, which is something I’ve always wanted to do. I have a strong interest in guitar, so I want to learn how to play guitar, which can enrich my hobby. I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划这一情况，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个，写封邮件给他。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→ happy
与此同时：In the meanwhile → At the same time
此外：Besides→ What’s more
重要的：important→ vital
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition.
拓展句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money, which can cover part of my college tuition.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.（运用了介词during +which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody.（运用了so that引导的的目的状语从句）
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are exclamation marks necessary?!
Punctuation is so important in writing that it is one of the first things you learn in school. It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of ____1____ is being written. As is known to us, it ____2____ indicate the end of a sentence, a question or — in the exclamation mark’s case — a strong emotion. Without an exclamation mark in the correct place, a warning road sign might read, “Children please drive slowly” ____3____ ____4____ “Children! Please drive slowly”.
An exclamation mark is a valid form of punctuation ____5____ origin can be traced back to a 14th century Italian scholar. The exclamation mark informs the reader that there are strong feelings in the words. Although it is up to the reader ____6____ (grasp) exactly what that emotion is, it’s a useful signal. Also, exclamation marks on road signs help to keep people safe. As punctuation expert Philip Cowell writes, “There’s a meaningful difference between ‘duck’ and ‘duck!’” Of course, using them too much ____7____ (make) exclamation marks lose their purpose but that doesn’t mean they are useless.
However, ____8____ matters how punctuation is used. Some writers argue that exclamation marks are never truly necessary. Famous author Terry Pratchett writes that someone who uses multiple exclamation marks is likely to wear “underpants on his head”. Perhaps this is because they seem shouty and forced, ____9____ (give) away a writer’s need to tell the reader how to read a sentence. It’s _____10_____ (good) to leave them out and let the reader react to the words on their own terms. A good writer can create emotions with just words and sentences, _____11_____ that’s fear, wonder or joy. Exclamation marks make the writer seem desperate and can be tiring to read. One writer described them as “the cockroach of the punctuation world”, meaning they are everywhere, and they are pests.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．manually B．alternative C．approaches D．trained E. promise F. sorting
G. categories H. advanced I. potentially J. equivalent K. anticipating
Will AI be the first to discover ET or alien life?From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien civilizations. The search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) intelligence, known as SETI, is an effort to find signals that might have come from a(n) _____12_____ civilization in a far-away solar system. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), is used to help astronomers quickly filter the vast amounts of data. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what _____13_____ does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth?
“It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine-learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. When it comes to analyzing data, going through millions of observations _____14_____ isn’t practical. A common _____15_____ method is to use algorithms(算法) that look for signals matching astronomers’ expectation. But those algorithms can overlook _____16_____ interesting signals that are slightly different from what astronomers are expecting.
When it comes to AI, machine-learning algorithms are _____17_____ on large amounts of data and can learn to recognize the Earthly interference. Thus, it makes them very good at _____18_____ out the noise. Machine learning is also good at picking up the extraterrestrial signals that don’t fall into conventional _____19_____ and so might have been missed by earlier methods, says Dan Werthimer, a SETI scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. Peter Ma, a mathematician and physicist at the University of Toronto, Canada, agrees. “We can’t always be _____20_____ what ET might send to us,” he says.
Still, SETI will probably continue to use a mixture of classical and machine-learning _____21_____ to screen through data, says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA．Classical algorithms remain excellent at picking up candidate signals, and machine learning is “not a cure-all”, he says. “The machines can’t do it all, yet,” agrees Werthimer.
三、完形填空
One summer midnight several years ago, standing outside a wooden cabin in Michigan River, I looked up. The sky was filled with thousands of stars, the sight of which was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of _____22_____ up into the star-filled sky. But to whom? Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
As a bat scientist, Eklof’s work on bats requires a specific kind of darkness—the _____23_____kind, unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is _____24_____. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches in Sweden’s southwest housed bat colonies. Not any longer. “Today, forty years later, research I’ve done with my colleagues shows that this number has been reduced by a third, _____25_____ light pollution and other factors. Because the churches are all _____26_____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night,” he writes. “We are surrounding ourselves with light.”
Excess light is incredibly _____27_____ to the complex eco-systems nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals inhabit. It _____28_____ away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths, leaving them easily _____29_____ to predation(捕食) or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love. Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate _____30_____ and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet.
It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can ______31______ for a darker world — for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots. But darkness is not safe for everyone. We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so ______32______ in the first place.
The bottom line: We can change if we want to. Some of the solutions to light pollution— motion-detecting lights, shielded lights that do not ______33______ light upward, artificial light with wavelengths that is similar to natural light—are already within our grasp, if we just ______34______ them. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to,” said Eklof in a recent interview. “______35______, it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now it is hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be equipped with an array of programmed and ______36______ low-impact LED lights. Or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.
22．A．honour B．gratitude C．optimism D．determination
23．A．artificial B．brilliant C．faint D．absolute
24．A．achieved B．distracted C．enhanced D．threatened
25．A．resulting from B．bringing about C．judging by D．contributing to
26．A．decorated B．restored C．lit D．faded
27．A．effective B．sensitive C．positive D．destructive
28．A．scares B．blows C．pulls D．turns
29．A．accustomed B．subject C．available D．restricted
30．A．on duty B．in turn C．on time D．in public
31．A．stimulate B．advocate C．negotiate D．account
32．A．challenging B．appealing C．demanding D．outstanding
33．A．absorb B．stretch C．transform D．reflect
34．A．reach for B．apply to C．long for D．adapt to
35．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．However D．Instead
36．A．fundamentally B．scientifically C．environmentally D．economically
四、阅读理解
When I was so small that my head barely touched the windowsill, we lived in the evergreen forests of Vermont. Our home was far, far away from any town or city, but that was the way we liked it.
Some winters, it got so cold that the river would freeze, which was unusual for water like that, water which ran so fast and deep. It felt as though time had stopped near the river, and so it had decided to become solid, settling in to wait for spring. We liked to skate on that river, my grandfather and I, even though the ice was uneven and his brown leather skates was so old.
One night, in the most frigid winter my young mind could recall, long after I should have been asleep, I caught my grandfather sneaking out of the front door, his ancient leather skates in his hands. He looked sheepish when he saw me, like I had caught him doing something silly, but I was so young that I thought no adult could ever do wrong. Especially not my grandfather, because he was the model of wisdom in my eyes.
“Grandpa, where are you going?” I asked.
“Skating on the river.”
“Why would you go out now? We did that yesterday morning.”
He looked a little thoughtful, and then he said: “It’s just that when you go out there, on the coldest, stillest night of the year, and you lie on your back on the thick, bubbled river ice, you can hear them.”
“Hear who?”
“The fish. Trapped there under the ice. You can hear them singing their watery winter song. And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.”
37．The underlined word “sheepish” is closest in meaning to “____________”.
A．quiet B．calm C．frightened D．embarrassed
38．Why did my grandfather sneak out that cold midnight?
A．To enjoy the charm of a peaceful night.
B．To perfect his skating skills by practice.
C．To catch the fish trapped under the ice.
D．To breathe the fresh air in the forest.
39．What can we infer from the passage?
A．It was unusual for a fast-flowing river to freeze in midwinter.
B．My grandfather and I enjoyed skating because of the uneven ice.
C．I admired my grandfather for his wisdom and outlook on life.
D．I was glad to hear the stars singing together with my grandfather.
40．The author writes the passage mainly to ____________.
A．describe the joy of living in a mountainous area
B．highlight how embracing nature can purify us
C．keep record of the carefree childhood memories
D．explain why skating is such an appealing sport
New big pack from Sierra Designs
The latest pack from Sierra Designs is the Gigawatt 60L. The pack has an adjustable back system that fits back lengths from 40cm to 53cm. It’s made from durable 300D polyester. Features include a zipped top and side access, oversized side and front pockets. The Gigawatt 60L weighs 1.84kg and costs £130.
sierradesigns.com
Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots
Maestrale Re-Made ski boots are made from Polymer taken from around three tons of leftover materials. Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a “classic” boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. The design and manufacturing process behind the Re-Made boot were developed by Scarpa’s Green Lab, the production department dedicated to sustainable solutions. A pair costs £500.
scarpa.co.uk / ellis-brigham.com
Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update
The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. The Breeze is also comfortable to wear with its soft footbed. The Breeze weighs 1120 grams and comes in two widths. It costs £140.
vasque.com
The North Face launches new ski touring clothing
The Dawn Turn clothing provides a layering system for ski touring designed to keep you warm, dry and freely moving. It includes a shell jacket, midlayers, trousers and accessories. The Dawn Turn 2.0 jacket won the innovation award at ISPO for its breathable layer. The cost is £350. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket is made from waterproof DryVent. It features a windproof hood and oversized front pockets, and costs £325.
thenorthface.co.uk
41．The target readers of the passage are probably ______________.A．The ski athletes B．The outdoor lovers
C．The environmentalists D．The sports retailers
42．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Both kinds of boots mentioned in the passage have two different widths.
B．The latest big pack from Sierra Designs has a fixed back system.
C．The Vasque Breeze hiking boot is both eco-friendly and waterproof.
D．The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket won the innovation award at ISPO.
43．In the boots production, which order is correct based on the carbon emissions of the materials?
A．Polymer > Pebax Renew >Fossil-based Plastics
B．Fossil-based Plastics > Pebax Renew > Polymer
C．Fossil-based Plastics > Polymer >Pebax Renew
D．Polymer >Fossil-based Plastics >Pebax Renew
My 21-year-old niece, a second-year undergraduate, mentioned that she watches video lectures offline at twice the normal speed. Struck by this, I asked some other students I know. Many now routinely speed up their lectures when learning offline — often by 1.5 times, sometimes by even more. Speed learning is not for everyone, but there are websites where students discuss how odd it will be once they return to the lecture theatre. One contributor wrote: “Normal speed now sounds like drunk speed.”
Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet. “This is a time for schools and systems to reimagine education without schooling or classrooms,” says Professor Yong Zhao. Dr Jim Watterston in Australia thinks that, while the traditional classroom is still alive and well, education needs to be more adventurous and flexible. Earlier this year, Zhao and Watterston co-authored a paper in which they identified some major changes that should happen in education post-lockdown.
The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information. “For humans to progress in the age of smart machines, it is essential that they do not compete with machines.”, they wrote, “Instead, they need to be more human.”
The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. It’s also where the concept of “productive failure” applies. Professor Manu Kapurin argues that students learn better from their own or others’ failed attempts to solve a problem before or even instead of being told how to solve it.
If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”
44．By giving examples of “speed learning” in the first paragraph, the author wants to show that _________.
A．digital world is dramatically reforming the way of learning.
B．speed learning completely replaces normal speed learning.
C．returning to the lecture theatre is strange after speed learning.
D．education begins to adapt to digital world after Covid-19.
45．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．It is essential for smart machines to be more human.
B．Students should possess more information about creativity.
C．Students value others’ failure over their own failure.
D．“Active learning” calls for diverse ways of involvement.
46．According to Zhao and Watterston, the major changes in education should include _________.
①learning mode ②learning motive ③learning attitude ④learning focus
A．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④
47．According to the passage, what does the author most probably agree with?
A．Speed learning harms students’ learning efficiency.
B．The coming revolution in education is irreversible.
C．Teachers will play a less important role in the future.
D．The traditional classrooms will eventually disappear.
五、六选四
Flamingos (火烈鸟) make long friendships
When it comes to making friends, humans often seek people with similar interests and personalities. _____48_____. The long-legged birds can form friendships that last for years, and they depend on their friends for support when they fall out with rivals.
Scientist Dr Paul Rose had already spotted that flamingos seemed to form narrow exclusive circles. _____49_____. To find out why flamingos befriend some but not others, they studied both Chilean and Caribbean flamingos living in a nature reserve in Gloucestershire, England.
Each bird wore a ring around one leg with a unique code to tell them apart. McCully spent months studying their behaviour and built a personality profile for each flamingo. She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals. _____50_____.
McCully and Rose found that for the Caribbean birds, personality seemed to matter more in friendships than it did for Chilean flamingos. Caribbean birds were more likely to defend their friends and the confident ones had much larger social groups than the quieter birds. The researchers found this surprising because in many ways, including body shape and how they search for food in the wild, the two species are very similar.
_____51_____. In that case, all personality types are represented and each flamingo has the chance to find a like-minded friend. McCully and Rose said, “If humans require friendships to be happy, is it really such a great leap to think that flamingos might need the same?”
A．Their long-lasting relationships are important for survival in the wild.
B．He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour.
C．The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock.
D．According to a recent study, so do flamingos.
E．This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights.
F．New research shows that flamingos with brighter colors tend to be more aggressive.
六、概要写作
52．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How your unique story can get you hired?
You’re sitting at your computer to apply for your dream job, but suddenly you’re not confident enough to get it. So you don’t even submit the application. It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment, especially if you’re people of color, first generation college student, or you don’t have a traditional background. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
Ask yourself two questions. The first one: why do you want to do this work? Maybe you already know the kind of job or work environment that makes you happy, or maybe you haven’t quite figured that out yet. Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues. For example, your brother had to overcome his dyslexia (诵读困难症), and you helped him with his reading. Gradually, you became interested in education. That motivated you to work as a teacher.
The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have? For example, you undertook multiple jobs unrelated to your major while you were in college. When you’re in an interview, go ahead and talk about them, because it will show the employer that you have time management skills and a strong passion for work. Employers are looking for well-rounded individuals that are capable of accomplishing various job tasks.
Go back and reflect on those tough questions that you need to answer. The answers are what makes you you. Reframing your story can remake your confidence over and over again, but it takes time. It’s like running a marathon. You have to train and practice. When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英（整句）
53．大多数人习惯于通过GPS来定位目的地，并规划路线。(accustom)(汉译英)
54．这本书中提到的这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。(explain) (汉译英)
55．中国饮食享有色、香、味俱佳且花样繁多的盛誉，吸引了世界各地的食客。(reputation) (汉译英)
56．世上没有后悔药，你应该学会的是不念过往，不负当下，不畏将来。(use) (汉译英)
八、其他应用文
57．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个。给他写封邮件，内容需包含：
1.你的选择
2.你的理由及如何执行该计划
①参加山区支教志愿服务
②去祖国各地走走
③学习技能，如驾驶、乐器演奏、视频剪辑等
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．what 2．can 3．rather##instead 4．than##of 5．whose 6．to grasp 7．makes 8．it 9．giving 10．better 11．whether
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要围绕感叹号是否有必要展开了讨论，最终证实了感叹号是一种有效的标点符号。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：这是一个带有不同标记的通用代码，有助于理解所写内容的含义。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“写的内容”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
2．考查情态动词。句意：众所周知，感叹号可以表示一个句子的结尾，一个问题，或者——在感叹号的情况下——表示一种强烈的情感。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can表示“能够，可以”，满足句意要求。故填can。
3．考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语rather than或者instead of“而不是”，满足句意要求。故填rather/ instead。
4．考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语rather than或者instead of“而不是”，满足句意要求。故填than/of。
5．考查定语从句。句意：感叹号是一种有效的标点符号，它的起源可以追溯到14世纪的一位意大利学者。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词An exclamation mark在从句中作origin的定语成分，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
6．考查固定句型。句意：尽管这种情绪是什么取决于读者，但它是一个有用的信号。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型It’s up to sb to do sth“由某人决定去做某事”，满足句意要求。故填to grasp。
7．考查动词。句意：当然，过多使用感叹号会使感叹号失去作用，但这并不意味着它们毫无用处。分析句子可知，空处为but并列句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且主语为动名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填makes。
8．考查代词。句意：然而，标点符号的使用方式很重要。分析可知，“how punctuation is used”是句子主语，因此空处填入it作形式主语。故填it。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：也许这是因为它们看起来很吵，很勉强，暴露出作者需要告诉读者如何阅读一个句子。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，give away和逻辑主语this为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填giving。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：最好把它们去掉，让读者自己对这些词做出反应。根据句意可知，此处为固定句型it is better to do“最好做某事”，满足句意要求，所以此处为形容词的比较级形式。故填better。
11．考查连词。句意：一个优秀的作家可以用文字和句子创造情感，无论是恐惧、好奇还是快乐。分析句子可知，此处为连词whether...or...“无论……还是……”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填whether。
12．H 13．E 14．A 15．B 16．I 17．D 18．F 19．G 20．K 21．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就人工智能会不会第一个发现外星人或外星生命的话题展开，论述了人工智能在寻找外星生命上的研究。
12．考查形容词。句意：搜寻地外文明，即SETI，是一项寻找可能来自遥远太阳系的先进文明的信号的努力。结合句意表示“先进”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。故选H。
13．考查名词。句意：随着人工智能重塑许多科学领域，它对寻找地球以外的生命有什么希望？结合句意表示“希望”可知应填名词promise，作宾语，故填promise。故选E。
14．考查副词。句意：在分析数据时，手动查看数百万个观测数据是不现实的。结合句意表示“手动”可知应填副词manually，修饰动词短语going through。故填manually。故选A。
15．考查形容词。句意：一种常见的替代方法是使用算法来寻找符合天文学家预期的信号。结合句意表示“替代”可知应填形容词alternative，作定语修饰名词method。故填alternative。故选B。
16．考查副词。句意：但这些算法可能会忽略一些可能有趣的信号，这些信号与天文学家预期的略有不同。结合句意表示“可能”可知应填副词potentially，修饰动词overlook，作状语。故填potentially。故选I。
17．考查动词。句意：在人工智能方面，机器学习算法接受了大量数据的训练，可以学习识别地球干扰。结合句意表示“训练”可知应填动词train，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填trained。故选D。
18．考查动词。句意：因此，这使他们非常善于分类噪音。结合句意表示“分类”可知应填动词sort，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填sorting。故选F。
19．考查名词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的SETI科学家Dan Werthimer说，机器学习还擅长捕捉不属于传统类别的外星信号，这些信号可能被早期的方法忽略了。结合句意表示“类别”以及上文没有冠词，可知应填名词categories，故填categories。故选G。
20．考查动词。句意：他说：“我们不能总是期待ET可能会给我们发送什么。”结合句意表示“期待”可知应填动词anticipate，结合上文always be可知应用-ing形式，故填anticipating。故选K。
21．考查名词。句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-Luc Margot说，SETI可能会继续混合使用经典和机器学习的方法来筛选数据。结合句意表示“方法”可知应填名词approach，根据上文a mixture of classical and machine-learning可知为复数形式。故填approaches。故选C。
22．B 23．D 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．B 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响，以及作者提出了可能的解决方法。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩词。A. honour荣誉；B. gratitude感恩；C. optimism乐观主义；D. determination决心。根据后文“Birds do not migrate _____9_____ and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet”以及“It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can _____10_____ for a darker world — for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots.”可知作者的感恩是出于对Johan Eklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名蝙蝠科学家，埃克洛夫对蝙蝠的研究需要一种特殊的黑暗—纯粹的那种不受光污染的黑暗。A. artificial人工的；B. brilliant灿烂的；C. faint微弱的；D. absolute完全的。根据后文“unpolluted by light”可知埃克洛夫的研究需要的是完全没有光污染的黑暗。故选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这类黑暗受到了威胁。A. achieved获得；B. distracted分心；C. enhanced增强；D. threatened威胁。根据后文“Because the churches are all _____5_____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night,”可知这种类型的光减少了很多， 收到了威胁。故选D项。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事们所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素导致了这个数字已经减少了三分之一。A. resulting from由……引起；B. bringing about导致；C. judging by从……判断；D. contributing to为……作出贡献。根据后文的“Because the churches are all _____5_____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night”可知光污染和其他因素导致他的研究减少了。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为在晚上教堂都装饰地像嘉年华一样。A. decorated装饰；B. restored恢复；C. lit点亮；D. faded褪色。根据后文的“We are surrounding ourselves with light.”可知教堂用灯光装饰了。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过量的光线对夜间活动的动物所居住的复杂生态系统具有难以置信的破坏性。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. positive积极的；D. destructive破坏性的。根据后文的“It _____7_____ away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths”可知过量的光线是有破坏性的。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把埃克洛夫研究的蝙蝠吓跑了。A. scares吓到，使……害怕；B. blows打击；C. pulls拉；D. turns转动。根据前文的“Excess light is____6_____ destructive to the complex eco-systems nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals inhabit.”可知蝙蝠吓跑了。故选A项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了对光敏感的蛾类，使它们很容易被捕食或者无休止地飞向永远不会回报他们爱的光芒。A. accustomed习惯的；B. subject可能受……影响的；C. available可用的；D. restricted受限制的。根据后文“or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love”可知灯光影响了蛾类。故选B项。
30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：鸟类不准时迁徙，甚至它们也忘了唱歌。A. on duty值班；B. in turn依次；C. on time准时；D. in public当众。根据常识可知鸟儿迁徙每年几乎是同一个时间。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像埃克洛夫这样的中年作家支持一个更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校园和没有灯光的停车场。A. stimulate刺激；B. advocate辩护，支持；C. negotiate协商；D. account认为是，视为。根据后文“We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so _____11_____ in the first place.”可知克洛夫支持“黑暗世界”。故选B项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要首先解决那些使照明场所如此吸引人的社会问题。A. challenging挑战性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. demanding要求高的；D. outstanding优秀的。根据前文“Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate _____9_____ and even they forget to sing.”可知这些灯光对动物和昆虫们太有吸引力。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光都已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. absorb吸收；B. stretch拉伸；C. transform变换；D. reflect反映，反射。根据后文“light upward”可知此处指的是灯光向上反射。故选D项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反射光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光—如果我们能找到的话，它们已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. reach for伸手去够；B. apply to适用于；C. long for渴望；D. adapt to适应。根据前文“are already within our grasp”可知此处表示在我们可掌控范围内。故选A项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此找到一条中间道路至关重要。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据前文“We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to”可知此处表示一种结果。故选A项。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：50年后，每个城市都可以配备一系列程序化、环保的低冲击LED灯。A. fundamentally基本上地；B. scientifically科学地；C. environmentally环境地，环保地；D. economically经济地，实惠地。根据后文“low-impact LED lights”可知是环保的LED灯。故选C项。
37．D 38．A 39．C 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家住在佛蒙特州的常绿森林里，离任何城镇都很远很远，但这正是作者一家人喜欢的地方，以及作者祖父在寒冷的午夜做的事情，让作者感受到了拥抱自然可以净化人们心灵。
37．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…like I had caught him doing something silly, but I was so young that I thought no adult could ever do wrong.”（就像我发现他在做什么傻事一样，但我太年轻了，我认为没有成年人会做错事。）可知，提到我发现他在做什么傻事一样，故可猜测划线单词sheepish为“窘迫的”意思，结合选项D项embarrassed“尴尬的”意思一致。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“He looked a little thoughtful, and then he said: “It’s just that when you go out there, on the coldest, stillest night of the year, and you lie on your back on the thick, bubbled river ice, you can hear them.””（他看起来有点若有所思，然后他说：“只是当你在一年中最寒冷、最寂静的夜晚，躺在厚厚的、冒泡的河冰上时，你能听到他们的声音。”）以及最后一段中“And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可推知，爷爷在那个寒冷的午夜偷偷溜出去是为了享受宁静夜晚的魅力。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Especially not my grandfather, because he was the model of wisdom in my eyes.”（尤其是我的祖父，因为他是我眼中智慧的典范。）以及最后一段中“And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可知，我们能从文章中推断出作者钦佩祖父的智慧和人生观。故选C项。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was so small that my head barely touched the windowsill, we lived in the evergreen forests of Vermont. Our home was far, far away from any town or city, but that was the way we liked it.”（当我很小的时候，我的头几乎碰不到窗台，我们住在佛蒙特州的常绿森林里。我们的家离任何城镇都很远很远，但这正是我们喜欢的地方。）以及最后一段中“And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.””（如果你屏住呼吸，你几乎可以听到星星唱歌，这一切在这里和谐共存。”）可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了强调拥抱自然可以净化我们。故选B项。
41．B 42．C 43．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几款户外活动装备背包，鞋子和衣服。
41．推理判断题。主要介绍了几款户外活动装备背包，鞋子和衣服。文章Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update部分“The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. (Vasque Breeze登山靴采用环保材料进行了现代化改造。)”可知这篇文章的目标读者可能是户外爱好者，故选B。
42．细节理解题。文章Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update部分“It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. (它现在由回收聚酯纤维制成，是第一款采用VasqueDry防水膜的靴子，该防水膜由25%的回收材料制成。)”可知根据短文，陈述是正确的的是Vasque Breeze登山靴既环保又防水，故选C。
43．细节理解题。文章Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots部分“Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a “classic” boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. (用聚合物制造一只重新制造的靴子比用植物基Pebax Rnew制造一只“经典”靴子少排放27%的二氧化碳，后者比化石基塑料少排放32%的二氧化碳。)”可知在靴子生产中，根据材料的碳排放量，顺序是正确的化石塑料>Pebax Renew>聚合物，故选B。
44．A 45．D 46．A 47．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。疫情之后，教育也发生了一些变化。文章认为教育的内容应该有所转变，而学习的主动权则应该交给学生。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet.(早在2019冠状病毒病之前，教育在适应数字世界，但与许多其他人类活动一样，疫情也极大地推动了学习向虚拟发展。一夜之间，学校和大学都关闭了，老师和学生不得不想办法通过互联网来做他们只能做的事情)”可知，第一段的例子主要是为了引出主题，也就是数字世界正在改变学习方式。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. (二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，“主动学习”需要多种参与方式，故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information.(首先是内容，内容应该强调创造力、批判性思维和领导力，而不是信息的收集和存储)”以及文章第四段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example.(二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，他们认为教育的改变主要应该是在内容和模式上。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”(如果时代的进步无法阻挡即将到来的教育改革，那么传统课堂似乎不太可能在试图让时光倒流的尝试中有任何运气。正如劳里拉德所言，“我们20年来一直在说的话，只有一场全球大流行才能让人明白。”)”可知，作者认为教育改革是不可逆转的。故选B。
48．D 49．B 50．E 51．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是火烈鸟拥有长久的友谊。
48．根据空前“When it comes to making friends, humans often seek people with similar interests and personalities.(说到交朋友，人们通常会找兴趣和性格相似的人。)”可知，人类寻找兴趣和性格相似的人交友，空后的“The long-legged birds can form friendships that last for years, and they depend on their friends for support when they fall out with rivals.(这种长腿鸟可以建立持续多年的友谊，当它们与竞争对手闹翻时，它们依靠朋友的支持。)”讲述的是这种长腿的鸟可以建立持续多年的友谊，所以此空处要引出“这种长腿鸟”，即火烈鸟，D选项“According to a recent study, so do flamingos.(根据最近的一项研究，火烈鸟也是如此)”中的内容起到承上启下的作用，从人类交友到火烈鸟的完美过渡。故选D项。
49．根据空前“Scientist Dr Paul Rose had already spotted that flamingos seemed to form narrow exclusive circles.(科学家保罗·罗斯博士已经发现火烈鸟似乎形成了狭窄的专属圈子。)”介绍的是科学家Dr Paul Rose的发现，而空后“To find out why flamingos befriend some but not others, they studied both Chilean and Caribbean flamingos living in a nature reserve in Gloucestershire, England.(为了找出为什么火烈鸟和一些人交朋友，而不是另一些人，他们研究了生活在英格兰格洛斯特郡自然保护区的智利和加勒比火烈鸟。)”中使用的代词是they，所以they为解题关键，因空前只有一名科学家，而空后的句子主语是they，所以此空处需引出另外的科学家，B选项“He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour.(他与研究动物行为的科学家菲奥娜·麦卡利(Fiona McCully)合作。)”中提到的Dr Paul Rose与另一位科学家Fiona McCully一起研究火烈鸟，符合上下文逻辑。故选B项。
50．根据空前的“She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals.(她发现自信、好斗的火烈鸟在友谊群中骄傲地走来走去，而安静的鸟儿则小心翼翼地避开那些个体。)”可知，有些安静的火烈鸟会避开这些在群体中骄傲地走来走去的火烈鸟，E选项“This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights.(这种回避可能有助于防止打架。)”中的this avoidance指代的内容与空前内容吻合，且符合逻辑。故选E项。
51．根据空后“In that case, all personality types are represented and each flamingo has the chance to find a like-minded friend.(在这种情况下，所有性格类型都有代表，每只火烈鸟都有机会找到志同道合的朋友。)”中的In that case为解题的关键，在那种情况下，每只火烈鸟都有机会找到一个志同道合的朋友，由此可知，火烈鸟需要生活在群体中，C选项“The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock.(科学家们得出结论，将火烈鸟放在一大群中很重要。)”讲述的内容与in that case指代的内容一致，符合逻辑。故选C项。
52．(version1)
When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful. First, look for some possible motives from your previous experiences. Second, dig your strengths and demonstrate them to the employers. If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job. (55 words)
(version2)
Your unique story can help you get your dream job successfully. The key is to make good use of the story. First, ask yourself why you want to do this work by referring to your personal experiences. Second, figure out how you can demonstrate your unique strengths to the employers. With these skills, you are more likely to get hired. (60 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在申请自己梦想中的工作时，要改变对自己故事的看法，首先弄清楚自己为什么要做这项工作，其次，在面试时，展现自己的独特品质，以此在所有候选人中脱颖而出。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
②The first one: why do you want to do this work? Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues.
③The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have?
④When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When you experience self-doubt in job-hunting, perceiving your own story from a different perspective is helpful.
First, look for some possible reasons from your personal experiences.
Second, dig your unique qualities and exhibit them to the employers.
If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely to stand out among all the candidates.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful.（运用了主从复合句对第一段进行概括，其中when引导的时间状语从句、动名词短语作句子主语表达高级）
【高分句型2】If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job.（运用了主从复合句对第四段进行概括，其中if引导的条件状语从句表达高级）
53．The majority of people/ Most people are accustomed to locating destinations and planning routes via/by/through GPS.
【详解】考查时态和短语以及介词。本句在陈述事实，用一般现在时。“大多数人”为the majority of people/ most people ，“习惯于做某事”为be accustomed to doing sth，“定位目的地”为locate destinations，“规划路线”为 plan routes，“通过GPS”为via/by/through GPS。故翻译为：The majority of people/ Most people are accustomed to locating destinations and planning routes via/by/through GPS.
54．These problems mentioned in this book are so complicated/complex that they cannot be explained in a few words.
These problems mentioned in the book are too complicated/complex to explain in a few words.
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和状语从句。“这些问题”翻译为These problems，在句中作主语，与mention之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，所以“这本书里提到的”翻译为mentioned in this book；so...that...如此……，以至于……，引导结果状语从句；too...to...太……以至于……，用不定式作结果状。“盘根错节”翻译为complicated/complex；“三言两语说不清楚”翻译为 they cannot be explained in a few words。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为These problems mentioned in this book are so complicated/complex that they cannot be explained in a few words.或 These problems mentioned in the book are too complicated/complex to explain in a few words.
55．Chinese cuisine/diet/food enjoys the reputation for its color, scent/aroma, taste and wide variety/diversity, which attracts people around the world.
【详解】考查句子翻译。“中国饮食”翻译为Chinese cuisine/diet/food；“享有盛誉”翻译为enjoys the reputation for；“色香味俱佳”翻译为its color, scent/aroma, taste；“花样繁多”翻译为wide variety/diversity；“吸引了世界各地的食客”翻译为attracts people around the world。分析句子结构可知，此句可用非限制性定语从句引导。故答案为Chinese cuisine/diet/food enjoys the reputation for its color, scent/aroma, taste and wide variety/diversity, which attracts people around the world.。
56．It’s no use crying over spilt milk, and what you should learn is to forget the past, live in the moment and embrace the future.
【详解】考查动词、动词短语和固定句式以及主语从句。表示“世上没有后悔药”可以使用固定句式结构It’s no use doing，此句可以翻译成It’s no use crying over spilt milk；表示“不念过往”短语为forget the past；“不负当下”的动词短语是live in the moment；“不畏将来”的动词短语是embrace the future；这三个短语并列作表语；“你应该学会的是”可以使用what引导的主语从句what you should learn；根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为It’s no use crying over spilt milk, and what you should learn is to forget the past, live in the moment and embrace the future。
57．Dear jack,
I’m more than glad to hear from you. Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.
This three - month vacation will undoubtedly be my longest holiday ever. Therefore, I’d like to make it as meaningful as possible. Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition. In the meanwhile, I can meet many interesting people and learn about society. Besides, I’m planning to enroll in a driving course and try to get my driver’s license as driving will be an important and necessary skill in modern society. If time permits, I’m going to learn some Musical Instruments, which is something I’ve always wanted to do. I have a strong interest in guitar, so I want to learn how to play guitar, which can enrich my hobby. I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划这一情况，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个，写封邮件给他。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→ happy
与此同时：In the meanwhile → At the same time
此外：Besides→ What’s more
重要的：important→ vital
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition.
拓展句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money, which can cover part of my college tuition.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.（运用了介词during +which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody.（运用了so that引导的的目的状语从句）
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