2023届上海虹口区高三二模英语试卷及答案

2023届上海虹口区高三二模

英 语 试 卷

考生注意:

1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1.A. Boring.

B. Special.

C. Delicious.

D. Traditional.

2. A.12.

B.24.

C.6.

D.8.4.

3. A. He didn't work last week.

B. He managed to avoid being lined.

C. He was fined.

D. He is always a careful bike rider.

4. A. lt took the man a long time to arrive.

B. The traffic was not busy that morning.

C.A traffic accident happened on the man's way here.

D. The man needn't go to work on Monday morning.

5. A. She makes efforts to organize the party.

B. She is going to be late for the party.

C. She designs the dress with care.

D. She is eager to attend the party.

6. A. The concert is very popular.

B. The woman has to finish her work first.

C. The woman shouldn't go to the concert.

D. He doesn't believe the woman has the concert ticket.

7. A. The battery needs charging.

B. It is nowhere to be found.

C. The battery is positioned incorrectly.

D. lt is the wrong remote control.

8. A. His project had to be suspended.

B. His project was successful.

C. He failed to get enough land for his project.

D. He was unable to get enough funding.

9. A. He has little passion for English lessons.

B. He has made great progress in English.

C. He is uninterested in English songs.

D. He is a major of music.

10. A. Mr. Long 's briefing was unnecessarily lengthy.

B. Mr. Long 's briefing was not relevant to the mission.

C. The woman should have been more attentive.

D. The woman needn't have attended the briefing.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. Most foods can't be freeze-dried.

B. They don't know how to do it.

C. They don't have proper equipment.

D. This process is time-consuming.

12. A. They are very light in weight.

B. They take up little space to store.

C. They don 't keep much nutrition.

D. They don't taste as good as before.

13. A. How to produce freeze-dried foods.

B. Why people like freeze-dried foods.

C. Advantages of freeze-dried foods.

D. Features of freeze-dried foods.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A.$ 31.

B. $71.

C. $1000.

D. $4000.

15. A. She learns how to entertain others.

B. She finds a person to chat with.

C. She needn't dine alone.

D. She feels relaxed.

16. A. A traditional Japanese man.

B. An unusual job.

C. The outlook of rental service.

D. The advantage of doing nothing.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. They have put up their house for sale.

B. They have paid several visits to Spain.

C. They have informed her of their decision.

D. They have hinted at the plans several times.

18. A. She hopes to return to her hometown.

B. She is tired of the fast pace of city life.

C. She has been longing to live in a bigger town.

D. She has always wanted to learn a new language.

20. A. Take over the family business.

B. Move to Spain with her parents.

C. Assist her parents with the move.

D. Pack the luggage for her parents.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Why we should record travel moments

Throughout my travels, I have come in search of a sound, not a sight.

Just as some travelers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started collecting sound recordings as an unusual and artistic way to help me remember some of the most stimulating details of my trips. I've found that (21) ______(listen) back to these recordings, I'm able to recall each place and moment in a different way than I can by scrolling through images. It turns out that this may be (22) ______ our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses.

According to Dr James Giordano，a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it (23) ______ our senses, encoding it and storing it - much like a computer. When we receive information and encode it, it is fairly short-term in nature; but when (24) ______(store), it becomes long-term memory. The information we receive and process with our ears (25) ______(call) echoic memory (回声记忆). "Think of the brain as a space and time machine. It allows us (26) ______(transport) ourselves back and forward in time, across spaces," Giordano said. "Echoic memory is exactly as the name would imply: it is, in fact, an echo of something that (27) ______(occur).”

According to a study at the University of low a named In one ear and out the other, a group of students participated in two experiments in (28) ______ they listened to sounds, looked at images and held objects. In the first experiment, students were asked to recall (29) ______ various stimuli (刺激物) were the same or different after a set period of time. In the second, they were asked to recall the sounds, images and objects alter an hour, a day and then a week. ln (30) ______ of the instances, students' recollection of sound was far worse than their visual memories, and the longer the time passed by, the greater the gap became.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Stonehenge

Stonehenge in southern England ranks the world's most symbolic archaeological (考古的) sites and one of its greatest mysteries. The huge stone circle on Salisbury Plain inspires 31______ and fascination—but also intense debate some 4,600 years after it was built by ancient Britons who left no written record.

The monument's mysterious past has 32______ countless tales and theories. According to folklore, Stonehenge was created by Merlin, who magically transported the 33______ stones from Ireland, where giants had put them up. Another legend says the armies from Denmark put the stones up, and another theory says they were the ruins of a Roman temple.

Modern debate over the monument 's meaning has two main camps: those who see it as a religious site, and others who believe it represents a scientific observatory and also a kind of 34______ computer used for working out dates. Both camps base their theories on the site's 35______ influence. The position of the stones 36______ to the sun and moon is taken as evidence of rituals linked to the changing seasons and the summer and winter solstices (冬至和夏至).

Competing to solve the 37______ prehistoric puzzle is Sheffield University 's Mike Parker Pearson, co-leader of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, which is partly funded by the National Geographic Society. Discoveries by the project team supported the claim that Stonehenge was a center for religious activities linked by the River Avon and two ceremonial avenues to a matching wooden circle at nearby Durrington Walls. The two circles with their temporary and permanent structures 38______, respectively, the living and the dead, according to Parker Pearson.

“Stonehenge isn't a monument in 39______," he says." It is actually one of a pair—one in stone, one in wood. The theory is that Stonehenge is a kind of 40______ home to the ancestors.”

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Food-delivery firms are coming of age. Among teens and millennials, ordering food online is as 41______ a habit as booking a room online. Just how 42______ consumers are is clear from financial documents by Door Dash, America's biggest food-delivery company. From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16 billion, up by 198%year on year.

The majority of America's 700,000 or so eateries now 43______ by means of a delivery app. Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is 44______ time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley's most criticized business models.

Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway.com in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus 45______. Restaurants delivered the food themselves and the middlemen were reliably profitable. 46______, the new “third-party logistics" firms like Door Dash and Uber Eats have to share the bills, which average around $310, three ways. Once drivers and restaurants take their 47______, not much is left.

Until recently none of these startup firms made 48______, even in emerging markets where labor costs are far lower. Lack of obvious economies of scale or barriers to entry meant several competitors were fighting over market share by offering diners 49______ discounts—and bleeding red ink in the process. They also faced the prospect of a sharp 50______ in labor costs, as California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees.

51______, the American firm 's numbers contained plenty to chew on. Door Dash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis. Its in-app ads business offers juicy margins. The company sees itself as the digital hub for the convenience economy, connecting merchants, customers and riders; the word "platform" arose 646 times in its filing. It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items and selling last-mile 52______ to other companies. Looking ahead, high unemployment amid a continuing economic downturn should mean lots of cheap labor.

Other facts are 53______ to swallow. Door Dash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined. The share prices of many listed digital firms that benefitted from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers 54______ on the news of an effective vaccine(疫苗).And despite their critics' defeat in California, gig firms(招临工的公司) will continue to face accusations of 55______ their workers. In this respect, Door Dash has already joined the club of listed tech platforms.

41. A. established   B. cautious   C. curious   D. annoying

42. A. aim-oriented  B. addicted   C. excited   D. well-informed

43. A. collect    B. relay    C. forecast   D. distribute

44. A. friendly to   B. experienced in  C. short of   D. responsible for

45. A. outside    B. right    C. online    D. free

46. A. By contrast   B. For instance  C. To sum up   D. In turn

47. A. edge    B. role    C. cut    D. price

48. A. money    B. calls    C. complaints   D. movement

49. A. trade    B. generous   C. mean    D. cash

50. A. break    B. division   C. blow    D. rise

51. A. Moreover   B. Therefore   C. However   D. Consequently

52. A. advertising   B. delivery   C. insurance   D. productivity

53. A. harder    B. quicker   C. easier    D. slower

54. A. doubled   B. last    C. mounted   D. fell

55. A. taking advantage of  B. going along with C. looking out for  D. putting up with

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Growing up, I understood one thing about my dad: He knew everything. This was our relationship, in sum: I asked him questions and he told me the answers. When I moved out on my own, I called him at least once a week, usually when something broke in my apartment and I needed to know how to lix it: the toilet, the air-conditioning...

But then, eventually, I needed him less. I got married, and my husband had most of the knowledge I lacked about water heaters and nondestructive insect removal. For everything else, we had the Internet. I don't know when it happened, but our conversations when I called declined to six words. Me: "Hi, Dad." Him: "Hi, sweets. Here's Mom." I loved my dad, of course, but I wondered at times if maybe he had already shared everything I needed to know.

Then, this past summer, my husband, our four kids, and I moved in with my parents for three weeks while our house was being repaired. They own a lake house, and Dad asked me to help him rebuild the bulkhead at their dock(码头的舱壁). It was hard labor. But as we put the new bulkhead together piece by piece, my dad knowing exactly what went where, l looked at him. "How do you know how to build a bulkhead?"

The heavy mallet(木槌) he was swinging paused in midair. "l spent a summer in college building them on the Jersey Shore. "You did?" I thought l knew everything about my dad—-all his random jobs. I knew about the apple farm, the summer at the hot sauce manufacturing plant, and even the diner line-cook position, where he learned how to make the best omelet in the world. But I never knew this.

“Yep. Now let me teach you how to use this saw."

As he explained the importance of not bending too low, I realized that maybe it's not that there's nothing left to say. Maybe it's just that I've spent my life asking him the wrong questions.

A few weeks later, after my family and I moved back into our renovated house, I called my parents. Dad answered. “Hi, sweets, " he said. "Here's Mom." "Wait, Dad," I said. "How are you?” "We ended up talking about the consulting job he was working on, a new battery he’d bought for his sailboat, a refinance my husband and I were looking into to relieve our home loan. Nothing life-changing. To anyone else, it would sound like a normal conversation between a dad and his daughter.

But to me, it was novel. A new beginning. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad. Now I talk to him because I want to.

56. Why did the author's conversations with her dad become shorter over time?

A. She got married and didn't have time to talk.

B. Her dad became less talkative as he got older.

C. She realized that her dad didn't know everything.

D. She felt that she needed less help from her father.

57. What did the author find while living with her parents this past summer?

A. Her father was quite talkative.

B. Her father was keen on making things by himself.

C. She didn't know as much about her father as she had thought.

D. She didn't notice her father was aged and needed her assistance.

58. Why did the author call her dad after she moved back into her renovated house?

A. To learn more about her father 's past experiences.

B. To catch up and try to have a normal conversation.

C. To ask for help with more household repairing tips.

D. To thank him for letting her and her family stay with him.

59. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A.DIY with my dad: Learning to be independent

B. From fixing toilets to building bulkheads: Changing my lifestyle

C. Reconnecting with my father: A lesson in asking the right questions

D. Lessons in self-sufficiency: How Google replaced my dad's knowledge

(B)

The term “seal” is often used to refer to both seals and sea lions, but there are several characteristics that set seals and sea lions apart.

Seals and sea lions are both in the order Carnivora and suborder Pinnipedian, thus they are called “pinnipeds." Pinnipeds are mammals that are well-adapted for swimming. They usually have a streamlined barrel shape(桶形) and four flippers at the end of each limb (四肢). They also give birth to live young and nurse their young. Pinnipeds are protected by a thick layer of fat under their skin and fur to keep them warm in water. There are three families of pinnipeds: the Phocidae, the earless or true seals; the Otariidae, the eared seals, and the Odobenidae, the walruses.

Characteristics of Phocidae (Earless or True Seals)

Earless seals have no visible ear flaps, although they still have ears, which may be visible as a dark spot or small hole on the side of their head.

“True" seals:

          Have no external ear flaps.

          Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always lace backward and are furred.

          Have front flippers that are short, furry and thick in appearance.

          Can be found in both marine and fresh water environments.

Characteristics of Otariidae (Eared Seals, Including Fur Seals and Sea Lions)

One of the most noticeable features of eared seals is their ears, but they also move around differently than true seals.

Eared seals:

          Have external ear flaps.

          Are only found in marine environments.

          Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind flippers can turn forward, and they are able to walk, and even run, on their flippers. The "seals" you may see performing at marine parks are often sea lions.

          May gather in larger groups than true seals. Sea lions are much more vocal than true seals, and make a variety of loud, barking noises.

Characteristics of Walruses

Wondering about walruses, and how they differ from seals and sea lions? Walruses are pinnipeds, but they are in the family, Odobenidae. One obvious difference between walruses, seals and sea lions is that walruses are the only pinnipeds with tusks—a pair of long pointed teeth. These tusks are present in both males and females.

Other than tusks, walruses have some similarities to both seals and sea lions. Like true seals, walruses don 't have visible car flaps. But, like eared seals, walruses can walk on their flippers by rotating their hind flippers under their body.

60. According to the passage, which of the following statements about pinnipeds is true?

A. Pinnipeds are good swimmers.

B. Pinnipeds are afraid of cold weather.

C. Pinnipeds are of the Phocidae family.

D. Seals and sea lions are pinnipeds, while walruses are not.

61. One way to distinguish a sea lion and a true seal is that

A. the sea lion cannot play ball

B. the true seal cannot hear well

C. the sea lion doesn't have car flaps

D. the true seal can't walk with hind flippers

62. Which of the following picture best illustrates a walrus?

(C)

The curb cut (下斜路缘).l 's a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.

But it was created with a different purpose in mind.

It's hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps(斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest". So, activists from Berkeley, California，who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at inter sections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.

l think about the “curb cut effect" a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平).The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity “as a zero-sum game." Basically, that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.” What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.”

There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example，investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle(围成一团以秘密商讨) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today，it's used by every team to shield the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies.

So，next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto aside walk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us. 

63. By "might as well have been Mount Everest" (paragraph 3), the disability rights leader implies that a six-inch curb may become ________.

A. as famous as the world's highest mountain

B. an almost impassable barrier

C. a connection between people

D. a most unforgettable matter

64. According to Angela Blackwell, many people believe that ________.

A. it's fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others

B. it's impossible to have everyone be treated equally

C. it's necessary to go all out to help the disabled

D. it's not worthwhile to promote health equity

65. Which of the following examples best illustrates the "curb cut effect” principle?

A. Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth.

B. Four great inventions of China spread to the west.

C. Christopher Columbus discovered the new world.

D. Classic literature got translated into many languages.

66. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A. Everyday items are originally invented for people with disabilities.

B. Everyone in a society should pursue what is in his or her interest.

C. A disability rights leader changed the life of his fellow men. 

D. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all. 

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Do animals have feelings?

People often assign feelings to animals. That zoo polar bear's vacant stare must mean he's sad. The uh-oh expression a dog flashes after knocking over the garbage indicates shame. But scientists haven 't determined whether these human-like expressions really mean anything. After all, it's very difficult to read a dog 's mind.

Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. 67________.

Even animals that don 't have spindle cells, such as dogs, have shown behaviors that can suggest a human-like social sense. 68________ Scientists report that this shows dogs are sensitive to human social cues and are able to correctly interpret them. Still, this only proves that dogs know how to find food, not that they have feelings.

Observations of apes have also revealed behavior that appears to represent various human-like desires. In some tests, chimpanzees demonstrate what looks like altruism(利他主义) helping their own kind and even other species without the expectation of a reward.

69________ In a recent study, a Barnard College researcher tested dogs to see if their guilty looks were linked to actual bad behavior. Dogs were tempted with a treat and told by their owners not to cat it. The dog 's owners weren’t allowed to see whether their pets had eaten the treat or not, but were told either that they did or that they didn't, and were then instructed to scold the dogs that disobeyed. The experimenters noted that scolded dogs showed a guilty look whether or not they had actually done wrong.

70________ A guilty look suggests a feeling of guilt in a human but not necessarily in a dog, according to the Barnard research. Similarly, even apparent empathy (共情) behavior might not actually mean these feelings are present in the brains of animals.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

71. Does Recycling Work For Plastic?

Dealing with plastic waste is always a tough problem. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), half of the world's plastic waste ends up in a landfill,19% burned, and another 22% escapes waste management systems and goes into uncontrolled dumpsites.

So environmentalists suggest plastic waste should be recycled properly, which proves an effective way to handle other waste like paper, cardboard, metal and glass. However, a new study by Greenpeace, and reporting in the Boston Globe, suggests that recycling plastic is a “myth” and raises a major question about the future: docs recycling work? Unfortunately, the short answer is "not really."

There's been a lot of debate over what really happens to recycled plastic. But scientists say that recycling plastic waste has mostly failed because it's very difficult to collect and nearly impossible to sort. Because plastic is often made from harmful materials, it can be harmful to the environment to reprocess.

Much of the solution falls on big companies to change the way they do business. The way forward seems to be mostly to cut down on companies’ reliance on plastic packaging，and to move toward reusable packaging and packaging-free alternatives. Above all, companies need to phase out all single-use plastics. For the consumer, living more plastic-free is the only real solution available. Avoiding drinks in plastic containers, using a travel mug or reusable water bottle, bringing your own reusable bag, buying in bulk and cutting back on pre-packaged foods are all a good start.

But in the end, corporate America needs a deeper commitment to the plastic waste problem. "Companies must take action now to get rid of single-use plastics and packaging and not rely on false solutions such as recycling,” says Greenpeace.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 万一汽车中途抛锚，你知道正确的做法是什么吗?(break)

73. 这个挂钟是我好些年前旅行时买的纪念品，可惜现在走时不准了。(tell)

74. 每逢小镇举办一年一度爵士音乐节，街头巷尾处处歌声乐声，公园里也同样如此。(so)

75．屋外狂风大作，雨点不停地敲打着窗户，教授把自己反锁在书房里，点燃壁炉，陷入沉思。(lose)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

76. 每年的4月23日为世界读书日。明启中学学生会为宣传该主题日，鼓励同学发掘阅读之乐，特向各个班级征集海报。现有两份海报脱颖而出，进入最后的角逐。假设你是王磊，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求:

1．简要描述你选择的海报;

2．说明选择的理由。

参考答案

听力部分: 1-10 CBCAD ACBAC 11-20 CAD BDB ABDC

语法部分:21. listening

22.because

23. through

24.stored

25. is called

26. to transport

27.occurred/has occurred

28.which

29.whether

30. both/either

词汇:31.B  32.E  33.F  34.H  35.A  36.G  37.C  38.I  39.K  40.J

完型填空: 41-55: ABDCC ACABD CBADA

阅读理解:56-59: DCBC  60-62: ADC 63-66: BBAD

选句填空:67-70: ACEF

概要写作:

While recycling plastic waste is recommended by environmentalists, the practice seems unworkable, as a new study suggests. Plastic waste is hard to gather and classify as its reprocessing may release something harmful. To address the problem, companies should be environmentally responsible by reducing their dependence on plastic packaging and consumers should adopt a plastic-free lifestyle.

翻译部分:

72. Do you know what is the correct thing to do in case / if the vehicle breaks down halfway?

73. l bought the wall clock as a souvenir while travelling years ago， but it is a pity that it doesn't tell the correct time any longer.

74. Every time the annual Jazz Festival is held in the town, the streets are filled with songs and music and so are the parks.

75. As the wind was blowing fiercely and the rain was beating against the window, the professor locked himself in the study and lit a fire in the fireplace/ turned on the fireplace, lost in thought.

写作

略