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2023届黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区大庆第一中学高三二模英语试题（含答案）
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这是一份2023届黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区大庆第一中学高三二模英语试题（含答案），共24页。试卷主要包含了5分），1415926到3等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届大庆市第一中学高三年级第二次模拟检测
英语模拟试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答客观题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答主观题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4. 本试题满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
一、 阅读理解（共50分，每题2.5分）
（A）
Competition Judges Needed
Anyone with relevant knowledge or skills is encouraged to sign up to judge Sigma Xi’s Student Research Showcase (SRS), an online science communication competition in which students compete for awards and recognition of outstanding virtual research presentations. The competition is open to high school, undergraduate, and graduate students and most worldwide research disciplines (学科) are represented across the following categories.
• agriculture, soil, and natural resources
• cell biology and biochemistry
• human behavioral and social sciences
• math and computer science
• physics and astronomy
Information for Judges
Professional researchers and science communicators from the above-listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites. Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation. Sigma Xi membership is preferred, but not required, to judge. Judging takes place from April 26 to May 10, 2022, allowing flexibility with each judge’s personal schedule as no travel is required.
Click here to download the SRS Judges Manual for more information and judging criteria.
Information for General visitors
General visitors to the presentation websites can also watch the personal videos of the presenters and vote for the People’s Choice Award winner, who will receive a prize money of up to $ 250. Visitors of general science background can also read the abstracts and comment in the discussion forums. Locate the link on the site that most likely appears as comments & reactions.
Visit http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site.
1．Who is the most likely candidate for the judge of the competition?
A．An undergraduate of cell biology. B．A graduate student of physics.
C．A specialist in human social sciences. D．A professor of western literature.
2．What is the judge expected to do?
A．Vote for the People’s Choice Award winner. B．Evaluate personal videos given by presenters.
C．Interview the contestants at a given time. D．Assess science presentation websites.
3．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A magazine. B．A website.
C．An academic article. D．An advertisement.
（B）
Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.
4．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．A stranger. B．An note. C．An order. D．The tip.
5．What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant?
A．The delicious food. B．The positive working attitude.
C．The generous customers. D．The familiar faces.
6．What did the staff do to show their appreciation?
A．They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
B．They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
C．They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
D．They told the story to the newspaper.
7．Which saying can describe the text best?
A．Everyone’s love will make the world a better place. B．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C．A hero is known in the time of misfortune. D．Experience must be bought.
（C）
Young dolphins, within the first few months of life, display their creativity by creating a unique sound. These bleats, chirps and squeaks amount to a novel possession in the animal kingdom — a label that conveys an identity, comparable to a human name.
These labels are called signature whistles(标志哨声), and they play an essential role in creating and keeping relationships among dolphins. While the development of a signature whistle is influenced by learning from other dolphins, each whistle still varies in volume, frequency, pitch(音高) and length.
The scientists found dolphins who live in regions with more seagrass have signature whistles that are higher in pitch and shorter in length when compared to those who live in areas where the seafloor is muddier. Meanwhile, dolphins in smaller groups have whistles that change pitch more often than dolphins in larger groups.
In 2013, researchers discovered that dolphins imitate another’s signature whistle to re-establish contact, at times adding parts of their signature whistle to the call. Moreover, in 2018 a study on male bottlenose dolphins(宽吻海豚) found that they keep their “names” into adulthood just like females—it was previously thought males abandoned their signature whistle to adopt the same whistle as their alliance(同盟) groups.
Dolphins can remember other dolphins after 20 or more years without contact by remembering their whistles, said Jason Bruck, an assistant professor at Stephen F. Austin State University.
Scientists analyzed 188 hours of recorded acoustic data collected by different research groups from 2006 to 2020. These sounds were recorded at six sites across the Mediterranean Sea, which is divided into west and east basins. There is genetic variation(差异) between eastern and western dolphin populations. Accordingly, the eastern and western basins were used as proxies(替代指标) for genetic variation.
The team extracted 168 individual whistles from the recordings and analyzed their acoustic features in relation to a few factors: precise location where the whistle was recorded, whether or not this was in the eastern or western basin, the local ocean environment and population demographics.
Ultimately, the scientists found that location only partially affected whistle variability.
Meanwhile, the environmental conditions and demographic characteristics did appear to strongly influence signature whistles—findings that align with the “acoustic adaptation hypothesis(声学适应假说),” the idea that animals acoustically adapt their vocalizations to their local conditions to optimize the purpose of their sounds. The study claims these are the foundational influences on signature whistle variability.
8．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What determines the dolphin group size.
B．What influences the differences among signature whistles.
C．How dolphins produce the signature whistles at high rates.
D．How signature whistles convey information about identity.
9．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Dolphins influence one another.
B．Dolphins struggle to rejoin social groups.
C．Male dolphins repeat whistles to attract female ones.
D．Signature whistles are unique to bottlenose dolphins.
10．What’s special about dolphins according to Jason Bruck?
A．They innovate their specific sounds to hunt.
B．They behave in the same way as humans.
C．They are stimulated to learn from other dolphins.
D．They are capable of long-term social recognition.
11．Why do scientists analyze the recorded acoustic data of dolphins?
A．To explore if signature whistles can be identified.
B．To investigate the living environment of dolphins.
C．To study what factors influenced signature whistles.
D．To identify the relationship between regions and genes.
（D）
“Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle? A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial?
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
12．The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”
A．manly qualities B．potential abilities
C．self-centredness D．steady strength
13．What is the argument against the demand of China’s Ministry of Education?
A．It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths.
B．Physical education should be paid more attention to.
C．We should teach students according to their individual qualities.
D．Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility.
14．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Masculinity is out of date.
B．Masculinity is overstated.
C．Masculinity shows physical strength.
D．Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness.
15．What does the author want to say in the article?
A．We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health.
B．Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them.
C．It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values.
D．It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity.
（E）
Psychology says that many are unwilling to take risks. It’s human nature to be nervous about putting ourselves on the line, whether physically or emotionally. But it’s good for us to do that once in a while, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. _____16_____
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some just sit and wish they would not have the fear to move on because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. _____17_____.
In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances. _____18_____. This risk-taking attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Roller Coasters and bungee jumping are two common risk-taking activities that even the average person seems to enjoy despite the logical understanding that danger is not fun. This psychological connection creates an interesting connection between what is safe and what human enjoys.
Without taking risks, nothing good can happen. Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk.______19______. We need to take risks so that we can accomplish things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside of a rocket; however, the things they achieve are literally astronomical. Investors take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they couldn’t receive money on their investment.
____20____. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. That is all part of the game. It’s not one of the most important parts of life.
A．Move forward and move on
B．There is no such thing as a perfect safety.
C．In that way, we become stronger and braver.
D．Thus, we will achieve more success in daily life.
E．We need to take risks so that we can gain something.
F．You must spend more time thinking about the strategies of risk.
G．Risk-taking is a benefit that allowed ancient people to discover new places.
二、完形填空（共15分，每题1分）
Last year, I attended a class and discussed the topic of “paper books or e-books” with my classmates. The discussion was lively, but was left ___21___ because of several pros and cons (利弊) of both types of books and the personal ___22___ of different students.
According to an article from LA Times, a study discovered that 92% of 300 college students in America and other three countries ___23___ paper books. Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and are easily ___24___ when siding colorful pages.
I ___25___ that the 92 percentage is true, not just because it is the result of a study. Paper books can ___26___ another perspective (感受) to you reading experience through the ___27___ smell of the book, the feel of the ___28___ between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.
However, pleasure comes at a ___29___. Physical books aren’t cheap ____30____ much room. As a person who moves often and loves written words, it can be a big ____31____ to move my mini library from one place to another, not to mention the money to buy those books. ____32____, besides taking up less space, e-books are more ____33____ than traditional books. Yet those ____34____ didn’t keep my interest for long. Nothing ____35____ the comforting feeling of curling up (蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.
21．A．unheard B．untouched C．unexplained D．unsolved
22．A．decisions B．preferences C．worries D．suggestions
23．A．refused B．favoured C．disliked D．trusted
24．A．carried away B．taken in C．worn out D．fed up
25．A．doubt B．decide C．believe D．confirm
26．A．destroy B．compare C．affect D．bring
27．A．bad B．unique C．common D．strange
28．A．pages B．stories C．characters D．bookmarks
29．A．price B．loss C．speed D．time
30．A．waste B．create C．occupy D．make
31．A．relief B．reward C．headache D．mistake
32．A．In other words B．As a result C．In addition D．On the other hand
33．A．affordable B．costly C．available D．dependable
34．A．disadvantages B．benefits C．challenges D．thoughts
35．A．involves B．deserves C．expresses D．beats
三、语法填空（共15分，每题1.5分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zu Chongzhi was a famous mathematician and scientist in ancient China. He lived in Southern and Northern Dynasties. When he was young, he had a broad range of interests, such as ____36____(nature) science and philosophy. And he was interested in mathematics, astronomy and machinery. The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation (计算) of the value of pi has been____37____(international) acknowledged.
Liu Hui, a mathematic in Three Kingdoms period, proposed a way ____38____(work) out the value of pi-cyclotomic method (割圆术). Based on____39____earlier research, Zu Chongzhi concluded that the value of pi falls among 3.1415926 to 3.1415927 after more than 1,000____40____ (time) of calculation. He also put forward the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi was 55/113, which was called “Milü”. It____41____(boost) the calculation of pi to a new phase. The value of pi Zu Chongzhi calculated is more than 1,000 years ahead of the western mathematics. Thus the value of pi is also called “Zulü”____42____ memory of him.
Besides the achievement in mathematics, he wrote the book Zhui Shu____43____gathered his accomplishment in mathematics and____44____(take) as a teaching material during Tang Dynasty. Besides the achievements in mathematics, he also made a great____45____(contribute) to the astronomy and machinery.
四、作文（共40分）
第一部分：应用文写作（15分）
46．假定你是李华，你目前在给你的英国朋友Jordan上中文诗词课。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划，内容包括：
1．上课时间和地点；
2．上课内容；
3．课前准备。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二部分：读后续写（25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Foothold in Life
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in my friend’s yard, while we parents sat chatting and sipping cool summer drinks. The barbecue had been cleared away when our host announced a surprise. A huge movable rock wall was loaded in, which was about twelve feet wide, made of gray molded plastic with indented footholds that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet. The enthusiastic kids swiftly lined up to give it a try, and with the complete fearlessness most children possess, scrambled to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point. There wasn’t really anything to be afraid of since they were belted into place. Three people could climb side by side and talk to each other, so gradually the adults tried it, too.
“Come on; let’s go get in line,” my husband Neil urged. “No, you go ahead without me.” I had all sorts of good excuses: I don’t have the right shoes; I forgot my sunglasses; I have to help the hostess. I have a unique talent for seeing unthinkable danger in almost every situation, and this scene seemed dangerous to me. I watched everyone else having fun, though, and finally convinced myself to try it.
With all the nerve I could gather, I started the climb. The belt wrapped around me like a diaper so there was no way to fall. Yes, I thought, this is fun and safe! Concentrating on each foothold, I slowly made my way up. I avoided looking down to prevent any sudden panic, and within a few minutes I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
“Woo hoo!” my daughters called up to me. “Way to go, Col!” Neil yelled.
I enjoyed my success and the enjoyable view of fields and farmland until I realized there was a line below me waiting for a turn. It was time to go down.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
①It was one thing to look out at the world in the distance, but it was a whole other thing to look straight down.
②Finally, the two of us reached the ground.
英语模拟试题答案解析
1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。在线科学传播比赛Sigma Xi学生研究展示需要招募专业评委，文章提供了招募要求等信息。
1．推理判断题。根据列举部分中的“human behavioral and social sciences(人类行为和社会科学)”和Information for Judges部分第一句“Professional researchers and science communicators from the above-listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites. (需要来自上述学科的专业研究人员和科学传播者通过在演示网站上发布评论和问题来评估以及与参赛者互动)”可知，一位人文社会科学专家最有可能成为比赛评委。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Information for Judges部分第二句“Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation. (每位评委会评估多达10个网站，学生在这些网站上提交的演示文稿主要包括研究摘要和幻灯片)”可知，评委需要评估科学演示网站。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visit http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site. (访问http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/查看学生展示演示网站示例)”可推知，这篇文章有可能来自一个网站。故选B。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个感人的故事，位于新加坡的Thai Dynasty餐厅在疫情期间收到了来自一名送餐员的巨额小费，以表示对该餐厅食物以及服务的赞许。
4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. (然而，更令人惊讶的是给他们留下巨额小费的人)”以及划线单词的“wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. (不是来自一位当天特别慷慨的顾客。)”可知，划线单词it指的是小费。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up.(由于经常收到餐厅的订单，这名送餐员为员工们所熟悉，他想对员工的辛勤工作表示感谢，每次他来取东西时，他们都能确保订单按时准备好。)”可知，Jesse对餐厅员工印象最深的是他们的辛勤工作，这是一种工作态度。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.( Pay说：“员工因服务出色而可以保留小费，但他们选择退还小费，这让我很感动。”)”以及文章最后一段“Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order.(是的，当Jesse几小时后来取另一份订单时，他们设法退还了超级慷慨的小费。)”可知，员工们为了表示对Jesse对自己工作认可的感激，选择退还了小费。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note. (由于经常收到餐厅的订单，这名送餐员为员工们所熟悉，他想对员工的辛勤工作表示感谢，每次他来取东西时，他们都能确保订单按时准备好。除了小费，他还留下了一张衷心的字条。)”以及最后一段“Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.(是的，当Jesse几小时后来取另一份订单时，他们设法退还了超级慷慨的小费。但看到快递员强调的员工的辛勤工作，Pay决定第二天中午奖励他们披萨和其他菜肴。)”可知，因为Jesse的爱，他选择通过给巨额小费来感激餐厅员工；而因为员工的爱，他们选择了退还小费；因为老板对员工的爱，他选择款待自己的员工。所以，文章主要表达了“爱让这个世界更美好”。故选A。
8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了海豚通过创造独特的声音来展示它们的创造力，它们都有着独特的标志性哨声，科学家通过研究来判定到底是什么影响着它们的标志性哨声。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The scientists found dolphins who live in regions with more seagrass have signature whistles that are higher in pitch and shorter in length when compared to those who live in areas where the seafloor is muddier. Meanwhile, dolphins in smaller groups have whistles that change pitch more often than dolphins in larger groups.（科学家们发现，生活在海草多的地区的海豚，与生活在海底泥泞地区的海豚相比，其标志性的哨声音调更高，长度更短。与此同时，小群体的海豚的哨声比大群体的海豚更频繁地改变音调）”可知，本段主要讲述了海豚标志性哨声因为生活环境不同而存在差异，故讲述了是什么引起了海豚标志性哨声的差异，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In 2013, researchers discovered that dolphins imitate another’s signature whistle to re-establish contact, at times adding parts of their signature whistle to the call. Moreover, in 2018 a study on male bottlenose dolphins(宽吻海豚) found that they keep their “names” into adulthood just like females—it was previously thought males abandoned their signature whistle to adopt the same whistle as their alliance(同盟) groups.（2013年，研究人员发现海豚会模仿其他海豚的标志性哨声来重新建立联系，有时还会在呼叫中加入它们的标志性哨声。此外，2018年一项关于雄性宽吻海豚的研究发现，它们像雌性宽吻海豚一样，在成年后也会保留自己的“名字”——此前人们认为雄性宽吻海豚会放弃自己的标志性哨声，采用与联盟群体相同的哨声）可知，海豚会相互之间模仿对方的哨声，也会为了与团体一致而放弃自己原有的哨声，因此海豚是相互影响的，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Dolphins can remember other dolphins after 20 or more years without contact by remembering their whistles, said Jason Bruck, an assistant professor at Stephen F. Austin State University.（奥斯汀州立大学的助理教授Jason Bruck说道，即使在20年或者更长时间没有接触后，海豚仍然可以通过记住其他海豚的哨声来记住它们。）”可知，在Jason Bruck看来，海豚有着长期的识别能力，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Scientists analyzed 188 hours of recorded acoustic data collected by different research groups from 2006 to 2020. These sounds were recorded at six sites across the Mediterranean Sea, which is divided into west and east basins. There is genetic variation(差异) between eastern and western dolphin populations. Accordingly, the eastern and western basins were used as proxies(替代指标) for genetic variation.（科学家们分析了2006年至2020年不同研究小组收集的188小时录音声学数据。这些声音是在横跨地中海的六个地点记录的，地中海分为西部和东部盆地。东部和西部海豚种群之间存在遗传变异。因此，东部和西部盆地被用作遗传变异的代表）”和文章最后一段“The study claims these are the foundational influences on signature whistle variability.（这项研究表明，这些是对标志性哨声变异的基本的影响。）”可知，科学家分析海豚的记录的声学数据是为了研究什么会影响海豚的标志性哨声，故选C。
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。一位中国政协常委在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的男子气概。文章论述了人们对此回应的各种看法。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.(在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的masculinity)”可推知，学校聘请更多的体育老师是为了预防男性青年女性化，培养学生的男子汉气概，故划线词masculinity指的是 “男子气概；阳刚之气”。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.”(这一回应在网上引起了广泛的讨论，许多人说这强化了性别刻板印象。中央电视台在其微博上写道：“教育不仅仅是培养男性和女性。更重要的是培养承担责任的意愿。”)”可知，反对中国教育部要求的理由是应该重视培养学生的责任感。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up. (但男孩也是人。盲目地要求他们“像男人一样”控制自己的感情只会增加他们长大后的压力)”和最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.(学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象。)”可推断，目前男子气概被夸大了。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.(学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象)”以及上文内容可推知，作者在文章中想要讲述的是让学生具备必要的技能和正确的价值观是很重要的。故选C。
16．C 17．A 18．G 19．B 20．E
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，心理学家发现很多人都不愿意冒险，但冒险对我们来说很有作用。世界上没有绝对的安全，只有冒险，我们才可以得到自己想要的。
16．横线前一句“But it’s good for us to do that once in a while, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result”告诉我们当冒险可以得到我们想要的结果的时候，偶尔冒险还是值得的。通过冒险，我们会变得越来越强大。C项“.In that way, we become stronger and braver.”说明的正是冒险带来的好处。故选择C项。
17．横线前句“Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest.”建议我们从过去的事情里走出来，不要被过去的事情所阻碍，勇敢向前。A项“Move forward and move on”符合上下文语境，故A项正确。
18．横线后句“This risk-taking attitude has become a part of our modern culture.”告诉我们冒险态度已经成为现代文化的一部分了。横线句应该讲述古代文化中冒险的有关内容，G项“Risk-taking is a benefit that allowed ancient people to discover new places”讲述； 冒险能够让古代人们发现新的地方。符合上下文语境，故G项正确。
19．横线前两句“Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk”告诉我们生活中最小的事情也有危险，诸如上车下车等。也就是说世界上没有绝地安全的事情，B项“There is no such thing as a perfect safety”符合语境，故选择B项。
20．横线后一句“It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk.”告诉我们如果不冒险，什么也得不到。与E项“We need to take risks so that we can gain something”语境一致，故选择E项。
21．D 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者结合自己参加的一场关于纸质书和电子书的课堂讨论，分析了纸质书和电子书的优缺点，并表明自己还是喜欢纸质书。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：讨论很热烈，但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好，讨论没有得到解决。A. unheard前所未闻的；B. untouched未接触的；C. unexplained未得到解释的；D. unsolved未解决的。根据“because of several pros and cons (利弊) of both types of books and the personal 2 of different students.”可知，讨论的问题没有得到解决。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：讨论很热烈，但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好，讨论没有得到解决。A. decisions决定；B. preferences偏爱；C. worries担心；D. suggestions建议。根据句中“several pros and cons (利弊) of both types of books”和“different students”可知，不同的同学有不同的个人喜好。personal preference个人喜好。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据《洛杉矶时报》的一篇文章，一项研究发现，在美国和其他三个国家的 300 名大学生中，92%的人更喜欢纸质书。A. refused拒绝；B. favoured支持，喜爱；C. disliked不喜欢；D. trusted信任。根据下文“Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and arc easily 4 when sliding colorful pages.”可知，大多数人都喜欢纸质书。故选B。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多参与者声称，他们长时间看屏幕会感到头疼，滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。A. carried away带走；B. taken in吸收；C. worn out疲惫不堪；D. fed up感到厌烦。根据“when sliding colorful pages.”可知，许多参与者认为滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信 92%是正确的，不仅仅因为这是一项研究的结果。A. doubt怀疑；B. decide决定；C. believe相信 ，认为；D. confirm证实。根据句中“that the 92 percentage is true”可知，作者是陈述自己的判断，他相信92%是正确的。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角，通过独特的书的味道，指尖间书页的感觉，以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. destroy毁坏；B. compare比较；C. affect影响；D. bring带来。根据“another perspective (感受) to your reading experience through the 7 smell of the book, the feel of the 8 between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.”可知，这里指阅读纸质书所带来的好处。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角，通过独特的书的味道，指尖间书页的感觉，以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. bad坏的；B. unique独特的；C. common常见的；D. strange奇怪的。根据语境，这里指纸质书独特的味道。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角，通过独特的书的味道，指尖间书页的感觉，以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。 A. pages书页；B. stories故事；C. characters角色；D. bookmarks书签。根据“between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading”可知，这里指手指翻纸质书时书页的感觉。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，快乐是有代价的。A. price代价；B. loss损失；C. speed速度；D. time时间。根据转折词“However”和“Physical books aren’t cheap and 10 much room.”可知，享受纸质书的快乐是有代价的。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纸质书并不便宜，而且占用空间很大。A. waste浪费；B. create创造；C. occupy占据；D. make制造。根据“besides taking up less space,”及常识可知，纸质书会占很大的空间。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经常搬家并且喜欢书面文字的人， 把我的迷你图书馆从一个地方搬到另一个地方是件很头疼的事，更不用说买那些书的钱了。A. relief欣慰；B. reward报答；C. headache头疼；D. mistake错误。根据“move my mini library from one place to another”可知，搬书是一件头疼的事情。故选C。
32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，除了占用更少的空间，电子书比传统书籍更便宜。 A. In other words换句话说；B. As a result结果；C. In addition此外；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据语境可知，作者说到电子书的另一个优势，on the other hand表示“另一方面”。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，除了占用更少的空间，电子书比传统书籍更便宜。A. affordable支付得起；B. costly昂贵的；C. available利用的；D. dependable 可靠的。根据上文“Physical books aren’t cheap”可知，电子书比传统书籍更便宜。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些好处并没有让我长久地保持兴趣。A. disadvantages不利；B. benefits好处；C. challenges挑战；D. thoughts想法。根据上文提到的电子书的诸多优点和转折词 “Yet”可知，电子书的好处并没有让作者长久地保持兴趣。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比蜷缩着喝杯热茶、读本书更舒服的感觉了。A. involves涉及；B. deserves值得；C. expresses表达；D. beats打败。根据“the comforting feeling of curling up (蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.”可知，没有什么能够比得上喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。beat这里为“比……更好”之意。故选D。
36．natural 37．internationally 38．to work 39．the 40．times 41．boosted 42．in 43．which##that 44．was taken 45．contribution
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了中国古代数学家祖冲之在数学方面的成就。
36．考查形容词。句意：他年轻时兴趣广泛，喜欢自然科学和哲学。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词science，natural自然的，形容词，natural science自然科学。故填natural。
37．考查副词。句意：祖冲之在计算圆周率方面的成就已得到国际公认。此处应填副词形式修饰动词acknowledged，internationally国际性地，副词。故填internationally。
38．考查动词不定式。句意：三国时期的数学家刘徽提出了一种计算圆周率的方法——割圆术。此处用动词不定式 to work作后置定语，修饰名词way。故填to work。
39．考查定冠词。句意：祖冲之在前人研究的基础上，经过1000多次计算，得出圆周率在3.1415926到3.1415927之间。此处的“earlier research ”表示特指，指代上文的“cyclotomic method”，故用定冠词。故填the。
40．考查名词复数。句意同上。此处的time意为“次”，是可数名词，由“more than 1,000”可知应用复数形式。故填times。
41．考查一般过去时。句意：它将圆周率的计算提升到了一个新阶段。这里描述的是过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时。故填boosted。
42．考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，圆周率的值也被称为“祖率”。in memory of为纪念……，是固定短语。故填in。
43．考查定语从句。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他还写了《缀术》，汇集了他在数学方面的成就，并在唐朝被作为教材。空处引导定语从句，先行词是book，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或 that引导。故填which/that。
44．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，定语从句的关系词指代先行词book，在句中作主语，和动词take是被动关系，而且句子描述的是过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was taken。
45．考查名词。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他在天文学和机械方面也做出了巨大的贡献。make a great contribution to对……做出巨大贡献，是固定短语，名词contribution在句中作宾语。故填contribution。
46．Dear Jordan,
How is everything going? I’m writing to inform you about our arrangement of the next class. The related matters are as follows.
We’ll start at 10 a m. this Saturday in our school library lounge. The class is concerning the poetry of Tang Dynasty, so you are expected to go through the materials that I have already emailed to you. Also, please remember to read about the history of Tang Dynasty, which would be of great benefit to understanding the background of the poems.
I am looking forward to our next class.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你目前在给你的英国朋友Jordan上中文诗词课。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。
【详解】1.词汇积累
告知：inform →notify
浏览：go through →read through
并且：also →besides
有益的：be of great benefit →be very beneficial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to inform you about our arrangement of the next class.
拓展句：I’m writing to inform you something about how we arrange the next class.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 The class is concerning the poetry of Tang Dynasty, so you are expected to go through the materials that I have already emailed to you.（运用了so连接并列句，that引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】Also, please remember to read about the history of Tang Dynasty, which would be of great benefit to understanding the background of the poems.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
47．[参考范文]
It was one thing to look out at the world in the distance, but it was a whole other thing to look straight down. My legs were shaking uncontrollably and my grip on the handholds was slipping. I could hear my family calling up recommendations to me. Closing my eyes and taking a deep breath, I tried to calm myself down. And then, I felt a gentle hand on my back. “It’s okay,” a kind voice said. “I’m here to help you down.” I turned to see a friendly face, someone I had only met briefly before, but who had clearly seen my distress and come to my aid. With her support, I was able to climb down, slowly but surely.
Finally, the two of us reached the ground. I was overwhelmed with gratitude, and as I hugged my rescuer, I realized that sometimes it’s okay to admit when we need help. It’s okay to be afraid, and it’s okay to lean on others when we’re feeling unsure. On my drive home, I couldn’t stop thinking about the rock wall. It had been a symbol of my own self-doubt and fear, but I had conquered it. I felt like I had a new foothold in life, a new sense of confidence that I could take on whatever challenges came my way.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和家人去朋友家聚会，主人准备了可移动的岩石墙，大家都热情地排着队攀爬，但是作者找各种借口不去爬，最后在家人的鼓励下，终于鼓足勇气爬上去了，看到了远处的另一个世界，非常开心。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“从远处看世界是一回事，但向下看完全是另一回事。”可知，第一段可描写作者想下去的时候往下看非常害怕，最后在其他人的帮助下往下爬。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，我们两个到了地面。”可知，第二段可描写作者最后爬下来，感激救命恩人并对此事进行感悟。
2.续写线索：害怕下去——其他人帮助——稳稳下来——感激恩人——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.吸气：take a breath/breathe in
②.考虑：think about/think over/consider
情绪类
①.友好的：friendly / amicable/ kind
②.感激地：with gratitude / gratefully
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Closing my eyes and taking a deep breath, I tried to calm myself down. （运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]. I turned to see a friendly face, someone I had only met briefly before, but who had clearly seen my distress and come to my aid. （省略关系代词的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. I felt like I had a new foothold in life, a new sense of confidence that I could take on whatever challenges came my way.（that连接的同位语从句）
2023届大庆市第一中学高三年级第二次模拟检测
英语模拟试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答客观题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答主观题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4. 本试题满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
一、 阅读理解（共50分，每题2.5分）
（A）
Competition Judges Needed
Anyone with relevant knowledge or skills is encouraged to sign up to judge Sigma Xi’s Student Research Showcase (SRS), an online science communication competition in which students compete for awards and recognition of outstanding virtual research presentations. The competition is open to high school, undergraduate, and graduate students and most worldwide research disciplines (学科) are represented across the following categories.
• agriculture, soil, and natural resources
• cell biology and biochemistry
• human behavioral and social sciences
• math and computer science
• physics and astronomy
Information for Judges
Professional researchers and science communicators from the above-listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites. Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation. Sigma Xi membership is preferred, but not required, to judge. Judging takes place from April 26 to May 10, 2022, allowing flexibility with each judge’s personal schedule as no travel is required.
Click here to download the SRS Judges Manual for more information and judging criteria.
Information for General visitors
General visitors to the presentation websites can also watch the personal videos of the presenters and vote for the People’s Choice Award winner, who will receive a prize money of up to $ 250. Visitors of general science background can also read the abstracts and comment in the discussion forums. Locate the link on the site that most likely appears as comments & reactions.
Visit http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site.
1．Who is the most likely candidate for the judge of the competition?
A．An undergraduate of cell biology. B．A graduate student of physics.
C．A specialist in human social sciences. D．A professor of western literature.
2．What is the judge expected to do?
A．Vote for the People’s Choice Award winner. B．Evaluate personal videos given by presenters.
C．Interview the contestants at a given time. D．Assess science presentation websites.
3．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A magazine. B．A website.
C．An academic article. D．An advertisement.
（B）
Staff at the Thai Dynasty restaurant in Singapore never thought they’d receive such a huge tip during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), when economic condition seemed hard, let alone one as big as $600. But believe it or not, they did.
What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. It wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. No, it was Jesse, a food delivery rider who came by to pick up an online order.
Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note.
“Hello! I am writing to you all because I am very happy with your food and friendly customer service,” the note starts. “I want to say that your food is really delicious. You know, every day when I’m working, I see you all working so hard, which makes me feel proud of you all. Working is not easy, and I understand that because I am also working. Therefore, I want to thank you all for the good food and I want to help you all. Here inside is $600, for all of you. Share it among yourselves. Thank you once again!”
Speaking to Shin Min Daily, Thai Dynasty director Jason Pay said he never expected such a thing from a delivery rider, despite Jesse being a familiar face. “Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.
Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.
4．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．A stranger. B．An note. C．An order. D．The tip.
5．What impressed Jesse most about the restaurant?
A．The delicious food. B．The positive working attitude.
C．The generous customers. D．The familiar faces.
6．What did the staff do to show their appreciation?
A．They treated the rider with delicious pizza and other dishes.
B．They helped the delivery rider get more orders.
C．They gave back the tip to the delivery rider.
D．They told the story to the newspaper.
7．Which saying can describe the text best?
A．Everyone’s love will make the world a better place. B．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C．A hero is known in the time of misfortune. D．Experience must be bought.
（C）
Young dolphins, within the first few months of life, display their creativity by creating a unique sound. These bleats, chirps and squeaks amount to a novel possession in the animal kingdom — a label that conveys an identity, comparable to a human name.
These labels are called signature whistles(标志哨声), and they play an essential role in creating and keeping relationships among dolphins. While the development of a signature whistle is influenced by learning from other dolphins, each whistle still varies in volume, frequency, pitch(音高) and length.
The scientists found dolphins who live in regions with more seagrass have signature whistles that are higher in pitch and shorter in length when compared to those who live in areas where the seafloor is muddier. Meanwhile, dolphins in smaller groups have whistles that change pitch more often than dolphins in larger groups.
In 2013, researchers discovered that dolphins imitate another’s signature whistle to re-establish contact, at times adding parts of their signature whistle to the call. Moreover, in 2018 a study on male bottlenose dolphins(宽吻海豚) found that they keep their “names” into adulthood just like females—it was previously thought males abandoned their signature whistle to adopt the same whistle as their alliance(同盟) groups.
Dolphins can remember other dolphins after 20 or more years without contact by remembering their whistles, said Jason Bruck, an assistant professor at Stephen F. Austin State University.
Scientists analyzed 188 hours of recorded acoustic data collected by different research groups from 2006 to 2020. These sounds were recorded at six sites across the Mediterranean Sea, which is divided into west and east basins. There is genetic variation(差异) between eastern and western dolphin populations. Accordingly, the eastern and western basins were used as proxies(替代指标) for genetic variation.
The team extracted 168 individual whistles from the recordings and analyzed their acoustic features in relation to a few factors: precise location where the whistle was recorded, whether or not this was in the eastern or western basin, the local ocean environment and population demographics.
Ultimately, the scientists found that location only partially affected whistle variability.
Meanwhile, the environmental conditions and demographic characteristics did appear to strongly influence signature whistles—findings that align with the “acoustic adaptation hypothesis(声学适应假说),” the idea that animals acoustically adapt their vocalizations to their local conditions to optimize the purpose of their sounds. The study claims these are the foundational influences on signature whistle variability.
8．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What determines the dolphin group size.
B．What influences the differences among signature whistles.
C．How dolphins produce the signature whistles at high rates.
D．How signature whistles convey information about identity.
9．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Dolphins influence one another.
B．Dolphins struggle to rejoin social groups.
C．Male dolphins repeat whistles to attract female ones.
D．Signature whistles are unique to bottlenose dolphins.
10．What’s special about dolphins according to Jason Bruck?
A．They innovate their specific sounds to hunt.
B．They behave in the same way as humans.
C．They are stimulated to learn from other dolphins.
D．They are capable of long-term social recognition.
11．Why do scientists analyze the recorded acoustic data of dolphins?
A．To explore if signature whistles can be identified.
B．To investigate the living environment of dolphins.
C．To study what factors influenced signature whistles.
D．To identify the relationship between regions and genes.
（D）
“Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle? A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial?
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
12．The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”
A．manly qualities B．potential abilities
C．self-centredness D．steady strength
13．What is the argument against the demand of China’s Ministry of Education?
A．It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths.
B．Physical education should be paid more attention to.
C．We should teach students according to their individual qualities.
D．Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility.
14．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Masculinity is out of date.
B．Masculinity is overstated.
C．Masculinity shows physical strength.
D．Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness.
15．What does the author want to say in the article?
A．We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health.
B．Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them.
C．It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values.
D．It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity.
（E）
Psychology says that many are unwilling to take risks. It’s human nature to be nervous about putting ourselves on the line, whether physically or emotionally. But it’s good for us to do that once in a while, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. _____16_____
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some just sit and wish they would not have the fear to move on because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. _____17_____.
In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances. _____18_____. This risk-taking attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Roller Coasters and bungee jumping are two common risk-taking activities that even the average person seems to enjoy despite the logical understanding that danger is not fun. This psychological connection creates an interesting connection between what is safe and what human enjoys.
Without taking risks, nothing good can happen. Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk.______19______. We need to take risks so that we can accomplish things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside of a rocket; however, the things they achieve are literally astronomical. Investors take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they couldn’t receive money on their investment.
____20____. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. That is all part of the game. It’s not one of the most important parts of life.
A．Move forward and move on
B．There is no such thing as a perfect safety.
C．In that way, we become stronger and braver.
D．Thus, we will achieve more success in daily life.
E．We need to take risks so that we can gain something.
F．You must spend more time thinking about the strategies of risk.
G．Risk-taking is a benefit that allowed ancient people to discover new places.
二、完形填空（共15分，每题1分）
Last year, I attended a class and discussed the topic of “paper books or e-books” with my classmates. The discussion was lively, but was left ___21___ because of several pros and cons (利弊) of both types of books and the personal ___22___ of different students.
According to an article from LA Times, a study discovered that 92% of 300 college students in America and other three countries ___23___ paper books. Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and are easily ___24___ when siding colorful pages.
I ___25___ that the 92 percentage is true, not just because it is the result of a study. Paper books can ___26___ another perspective (感受) to you reading experience through the ___27___ smell of the book, the feel of the ___28___ between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.
However, pleasure comes at a ___29___. Physical books aren’t cheap ____30____ much room. As a person who moves often and loves written words, it can be a big ____31____ to move my mini library from one place to another, not to mention the money to buy those books. ____32____, besides taking up less space, e-books are more ____33____ than traditional books. Yet those ____34____ didn’t keep my interest for long. Nothing ____35____ the comforting feeling of curling up (蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.
21．A．unheard B．untouched C．unexplained D．unsolved
22．A．decisions B．preferences C．worries D．suggestions
23．A．refused B．favoured C．disliked D．trusted
24．A．carried away B．taken in C．worn out D．fed up
25．A．doubt B．decide C．believe D．confirm
26．A．destroy B．compare C．affect D．bring
27．A．bad B．unique C．common D．strange
28．A．pages B．stories C．characters D．bookmarks
29．A．price B．loss C．speed D．time
30．A．waste B．create C．occupy D．make
31．A．relief B．reward C．headache D．mistake
32．A．In other words B．As a result C．In addition D．On the other hand
33．A．affordable B．costly C．available D．dependable
34．A．disadvantages B．benefits C．challenges D．thoughts
35．A．involves B．deserves C．expresses D．beats
三、语法填空（共15分，每题1.5分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zu Chongzhi was a famous mathematician and scientist in ancient China. He lived in Southern and Northern Dynasties. When he was young, he had a broad range of interests, such as ____36____(nature) science and philosophy. And he was interested in mathematics, astronomy and machinery. The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation (计算) of the value of pi has been____37____(international) acknowledged.
Liu Hui, a mathematic in Three Kingdoms period, proposed a way ____38____(work) out the value of pi-cyclotomic method (割圆术). Based on____39____earlier research, Zu Chongzhi concluded that the value of pi falls among 3.1415926 to 3.1415927 after more than 1,000____40____ (time) of calculation. He also put forward the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi was 55/113, which was called “Milü”. It____41____(boost) the calculation of pi to a new phase. The value of pi Zu Chongzhi calculated is more than 1,000 years ahead of the western mathematics. Thus the value of pi is also called “Zulü”____42____ memory of him.
Besides the achievement in mathematics, he wrote the book Zhui Shu____43____gathered his accomplishment in mathematics and____44____(take) as a teaching material during Tang Dynasty. Besides the achievements in mathematics, he also made a great____45____(contribute) to the astronomy and machinery.
四、作文（共40分）
第一部分：应用文写作（15分）
46．假定你是李华，你目前在给你的英国朋友Jordan上中文诗词课。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划，内容包括：
1．上课时间和地点；
2．上课内容；
3．课前准备。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二部分：读后续写（25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Foothold in Life
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in my friend’s yard, while we parents sat chatting and sipping cool summer drinks. The barbecue had been cleared away when our host announced a surprise. A huge movable rock wall was loaded in, which was about twelve feet wide, made of gray molded plastic with indented footholds that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet. The enthusiastic kids swiftly lined up to give it a try, and with the complete fearlessness most children possess, scrambled to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point. There wasn’t really anything to be afraid of since they were belted into place. Three people could climb side by side and talk to each other, so gradually the adults tried it, too.
“Come on; let’s go get in line,” my husband Neil urged. “No, you go ahead without me.” I had all sorts of good excuses: I don’t have the right shoes; I forgot my sunglasses; I have to help the hostess. I have a unique talent for seeing unthinkable danger in almost every situation, and this scene seemed dangerous to me. I watched everyone else having fun, though, and finally convinced myself to try it.
With all the nerve I could gather, I started the climb. The belt wrapped around me like a diaper so there was no way to fall. Yes, I thought, this is fun and safe! Concentrating on each foothold, I slowly made my way up. I avoided looking down to prevent any sudden panic, and within a few minutes I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
“Woo hoo!” my daughters called up to me. “Way to go, Col!” Neil yelled.
I enjoyed my success and the enjoyable view of fields and farmland until I realized there was a line below me waiting for a turn. It was time to go down.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
①It was one thing to look out at the world in the distance, but it was a whole other thing to look straight down.
②Finally, the two of us reached the ground.
英语模拟试题答案解析
1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。在线科学传播比赛Sigma Xi学生研究展示需要招募专业评委，文章提供了招募要求等信息。
1．推理判断题。根据列举部分中的“human behavioral and social sciences(人类行为和社会科学)”和Information for Judges部分第一句“Professional researchers and science communicators from the above-listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites. (需要来自上述学科的专业研究人员和科学传播者通过在演示网站上发布评论和问题来评估以及与参赛者互动)”可知，一位人文社会科学专家最有可能成为比赛评委。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Information for Judges部分第二句“Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation. (每位评委会评估多达10个网站，学生在这些网站上提交的演示文稿主要包括研究摘要和幻灯片)”可知，评委需要评估科学演示网站。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visit http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site. (访问http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/查看学生展示演示网站示例)”可推知，这篇文章有可能来自一个网站。故选B。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个感人的故事，位于新加坡的Thai Dynasty餐厅在疫情期间收到了来自一名送餐员的巨额小费，以表示对该餐厅食物以及服务的赞许。
4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“What was more surprising, however, was the person who left that massive tip for them. (然而，更令人惊讶的是给他们留下巨额小费的人)”以及划线单词的“wasn’t from a customer who was feeling extra generous that day. (不是来自一位当天特别慷慨的顾客。)”可知，划线单词it指的是小费。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up.(由于经常收到餐厅的订单，这名送餐员为员工们所熟悉，他想对员工的辛勤工作表示感谢，每次他来取东西时，他们都能确保订单按时准备好。)”可知，Jesse对餐厅员工印象最深的是他们的辛勤工作，这是一种工作态度。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Employees are allowed to keep the tips for their good service, but they chose to return it, which I’m touched by,” Pay said.( Pay说：“员工因服务出色而可以保留小费，但他们选择退还小费，这让我很感动。”)”以及文章最后一段“Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order.(是的，当Jesse几小时后来取另一份订单时，他们设法退还了超级慷慨的小费。)”可知，员工们为了表示对Jesse对自己工作认可的感激，选择退还了小费。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Being a familiar face among the staff due to frequent orders from the restaurant, the delivery rider wanted to show his best appreciation for their hard work in ensuring orders are prepared on time every time he comes by to pick something up. Along with the tip, he also left a heartfelt written note. (由于经常收到餐厅的订单，这名送餐员为员工们所熟悉，他想对员工的辛勤工作表示感谢，每次他来取东西时，他们都能确保订单按时准备好。除了小费，他还留下了一张衷心的字条。)”以及最后一段“Yes, they managed to return the super generous tip when Jesse swung by a few hours later to pick up another order. But seeing the hard work that the delivery rider highlighted in his staff, Pay decided to reward them the next day with pizza and other dishes for lunch.(是的，当Jesse几小时后来取另一份订单时，他们设法退还了超级慷慨的小费。但看到快递员强调的员工的辛勤工作，Pay决定第二天中午奖励他们披萨和其他菜肴。)”可知，因为Jesse的爱，他选择通过给巨额小费来感激餐厅员工；而因为员工的爱，他们选择了退还小费；因为老板对员工的爱，他选择款待自己的员工。所以，文章主要表达了“爱让这个世界更美好”。故选A。
8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了海豚通过创造独特的声音来展示它们的创造力，它们都有着独特的标志性哨声，科学家通过研究来判定到底是什么影响着它们的标志性哨声。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The scientists found dolphins who live in regions with more seagrass have signature whistles that are higher in pitch and shorter in length when compared to those who live in areas where the seafloor is muddier. Meanwhile, dolphins in smaller groups have whistles that change pitch more often than dolphins in larger groups.（科学家们发现，生活在海草多的地区的海豚，与生活在海底泥泞地区的海豚相比，其标志性的哨声音调更高，长度更短。与此同时，小群体的海豚的哨声比大群体的海豚更频繁地改变音调）”可知，本段主要讲述了海豚标志性哨声因为生活环境不同而存在差异，故讲述了是什么引起了海豚标志性哨声的差异，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In 2013, researchers discovered that dolphins imitate another’s signature whistle to re-establish contact, at times adding parts of their signature whistle to the call. Moreover, in 2018 a study on male bottlenose dolphins(宽吻海豚) found that they keep their “names” into adulthood just like females—it was previously thought males abandoned their signature whistle to adopt the same whistle as their alliance(同盟) groups.（2013年，研究人员发现海豚会模仿其他海豚的标志性哨声来重新建立联系，有时还会在呼叫中加入它们的标志性哨声。此外，2018年一项关于雄性宽吻海豚的研究发现，它们像雌性宽吻海豚一样，在成年后也会保留自己的“名字”——此前人们认为雄性宽吻海豚会放弃自己的标志性哨声，采用与联盟群体相同的哨声）可知，海豚会相互之间模仿对方的哨声，也会为了与团体一致而放弃自己原有的哨声，因此海豚是相互影响的，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Dolphins can remember other dolphins after 20 or more years without contact by remembering their whistles, said Jason Bruck, an assistant professor at Stephen F. Austin State University.（奥斯汀州立大学的助理教授Jason Bruck说道，即使在20年或者更长时间没有接触后，海豚仍然可以通过记住其他海豚的哨声来记住它们。）”可知，在Jason Bruck看来，海豚有着长期的识别能力，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Scientists analyzed 188 hours of recorded acoustic data collected by different research groups from 2006 to 2020. These sounds were recorded at six sites across the Mediterranean Sea, which is divided into west and east basins. There is genetic variation(差异) between eastern and western dolphin populations. Accordingly, the eastern and western basins were used as proxies(替代指标) for genetic variation.（科学家们分析了2006年至2020年不同研究小组收集的188小时录音声学数据。这些声音是在横跨地中海的六个地点记录的，地中海分为西部和东部盆地。东部和西部海豚种群之间存在遗传变异。因此，东部和西部盆地被用作遗传变异的代表）”和文章最后一段“The study claims these are the foundational influences on signature whistle variability.（这项研究表明，这些是对标志性哨声变异的基本的影响。）”可知，科学家分析海豚的记录的声学数据是为了研究什么会影响海豚的标志性哨声，故选C。
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。一位中国政协常委在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的男子气概。文章论述了人们对此回应的各种看法。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.(在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的masculinity)”可推知，学校聘请更多的体育老师是为了预防男性青年女性化，培养学生的男子汉气概，故划线词masculinity指的是 “男子气概；阳刚之气”。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.”(这一回应在网上引起了广泛的讨论，许多人说这强化了性别刻板印象。中央电视台在其微博上写道：“教育不仅仅是培养男性和女性。更重要的是培养承担责任的意愿。”)”可知，反对中国教育部要求的理由是应该重视培养学生的责任感。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up. (但男孩也是人。盲目地要求他们“像男人一样”控制自己的感情只会增加他们长大后的压力)”和最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.(学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象。)”可推断，目前男子气概被夸大了。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.(学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象)”以及上文内容可推知，作者在文章中想要讲述的是让学生具备必要的技能和正确的价值观是很重要的。故选C。
16．C 17．A 18．G 19．B 20．E
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，心理学家发现很多人都不愿意冒险，但冒险对我们来说很有作用。世界上没有绝对的安全，只有冒险，我们才可以得到自己想要的。
16．横线前一句“But it’s good for us to do that once in a while, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result”告诉我们当冒险可以得到我们想要的结果的时候，偶尔冒险还是值得的。通过冒险，我们会变得越来越强大。C项“.In that way, we become stronger and braver.”说明的正是冒险带来的好处。故选择C项。
17．横线前句“Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest.”建议我们从过去的事情里走出来，不要被过去的事情所阻碍，勇敢向前。A项“Move forward and move on”符合上下文语境，故A项正确。
18．横线后句“This risk-taking attitude has become a part of our modern culture.”告诉我们冒险态度已经成为现代文化的一部分了。横线句应该讲述古代文化中冒险的有关内容，G项“Risk-taking is a benefit that allowed ancient people to discover new places”讲述； 冒险能够让古代人们发现新的地方。符合上下文语境，故G项正确。
19．横线前两句“Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk”告诉我们生活中最小的事情也有危险，诸如上车下车等。也就是说世界上没有绝地安全的事情，B项“There is no such thing as a perfect safety”符合语境，故选择B项。
20．横线后一句“It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk.”告诉我们如果不冒险，什么也得不到。与E项“We need to take risks so that we can gain something”语境一致，故选择E项。
21．D 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者结合自己参加的一场关于纸质书和电子书的课堂讨论，分析了纸质书和电子书的优缺点，并表明自己还是喜欢纸质书。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：讨论很热烈，但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好，讨论没有得到解决。A. unheard前所未闻的；B. untouched未接触的；C. unexplained未得到解释的；D. unsolved未解决的。根据“because of several pros and cons (利弊) of both types of books and the personal 2 of different students.”可知，讨论的问题没有得到解决。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：讨论很热烈，但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好，讨论没有得到解决。A. decisions决定；B. preferences偏爱；C. worries担心；D. suggestions建议。根据句中“several pros and cons (利弊) of both types of books”和“different students”可知，不同的同学有不同的个人喜好。personal preference个人喜好。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据《洛杉矶时报》的一篇文章，一项研究发现，在美国和其他三个国家的 300 名大学生中，92%的人更喜欢纸质书。A. refused拒绝；B. favoured支持，喜爱；C. disliked不喜欢；D. trusted信任。根据下文“Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and arc easily 4 when sliding colorful pages.”可知，大多数人都喜欢纸质书。故选B。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多参与者声称，他们长时间看屏幕会感到头疼，滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。A. carried away带走；B. taken in吸收；C. worn out疲惫不堪；D. fed up感到厌烦。根据“when sliding colorful pages.”可知，许多参与者认为滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信 92%是正确的，不仅仅因为这是一项研究的结果。A. doubt怀疑；B. decide决定；C. believe相信 ，认为；D. confirm证实。根据句中“that the 92 percentage is true”可知，作者是陈述自己的判断，他相信92%是正确的。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角，通过独特的书的味道，指尖间书页的感觉，以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. destroy毁坏；B. compare比较；C. affect影响；D. bring带来。根据“another perspective (感受) to your reading experience through the 7 smell of the book, the feel of the 8 between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.”可知，这里指阅读纸质书所带来的好处。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角，通过独特的书的味道，指尖间书页的感觉，以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. bad坏的；B. unique独特的；C. common常见的；D. strange奇怪的。根据语境，这里指纸质书独特的味道。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角，通过独特的书的味道，指尖间书页的感觉，以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。 A. pages书页；B. stories故事；C. characters角色；D. bookmarks书签。根据“between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading”可知，这里指手指翻纸质书时书页的感觉。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，快乐是有代价的。A. price代价；B. loss损失；C. speed速度；D. time时间。根据转折词“However”和“Physical books aren’t cheap and 10 much room.”可知，享受纸质书的快乐是有代价的。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纸质书并不便宜，而且占用空间很大。A. waste浪费；B. create创造；C. occupy占据；D. make制造。根据“besides taking up less space,”及常识可知，纸质书会占很大的空间。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经常搬家并且喜欢书面文字的人， 把我的迷你图书馆从一个地方搬到另一个地方是件很头疼的事，更不用说买那些书的钱了。A. relief欣慰；B. reward报答；C. headache头疼；D. mistake错误。根据“move my mini library from one place to another”可知，搬书是一件头疼的事情。故选C。
32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，除了占用更少的空间，电子书比传统书籍更便宜。 A. In other words换句话说；B. As a result结果；C. In addition此外；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据语境可知，作者说到电子书的另一个优势，on the other hand表示“另一方面”。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，除了占用更少的空间，电子书比传统书籍更便宜。A. affordable支付得起；B. costly昂贵的；C. available利用的；D. dependable 可靠的。根据上文“Physical books aren’t cheap”可知，电子书比传统书籍更便宜。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些好处并没有让我长久地保持兴趣。A. disadvantages不利；B. benefits好处；C. challenges挑战；D. thoughts想法。根据上文提到的电子书的诸多优点和转折词 “Yet”可知，电子书的好处并没有让作者长久地保持兴趣。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比蜷缩着喝杯热茶、读本书更舒服的感觉了。A. involves涉及；B. deserves值得；C. expresses表达；D. beats打败。根据“the comforting feeling of curling up (蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.”可知，没有什么能够比得上喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。beat这里为“比……更好”之意。故选D。
36．natural 37．internationally 38．to work 39．the 40．times 41．boosted 42．in 43．which##that 44．was taken 45．contribution
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了中国古代数学家祖冲之在数学方面的成就。
36．考查形容词。句意：他年轻时兴趣广泛，喜欢自然科学和哲学。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词science，natural自然的，形容词，natural science自然科学。故填natural。
37．考查副词。句意：祖冲之在计算圆周率方面的成就已得到国际公认。此处应填副词形式修饰动词acknowledged，internationally国际性地，副词。故填internationally。
38．考查动词不定式。句意：三国时期的数学家刘徽提出了一种计算圆周率的方法——割圆术。此处用动词不定式 to work作后置定语，修饰名词way。故填to work。
39．考查定冠词。句意：祖冲之在前人研究的基础上，经过1000多次计算，得出圆周率在3.1415926到3.1415927之间。此处的“earlier research ”表示特指，指代上文的“cyclotomic method”，故用定冠词。故填the。
40．考查名词复数。句意同上。此处的time意为“次”，是可数名词，由“more than 1,000”可知应用复数形式。故填times。
41．考查一般过去时。句意：它将圆周率的计算提升到了一个新阶段。这里描述的是过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时。故填boosted。
42．考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，圆周率的值也被称为“祖率”。in memory of为纪念……，是固定短语。故填in。
43．考查定语从句。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他还写了《缀术》，汇集了他在数学方面的成就，并在唐朝被作为教材。空处引导定语从句，先行词是book，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或 that引导。故填which/that。
44．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，定语从句的关系词指代先行词book，在句中作主语，和动词take是被动关系，而且句子描述的是过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was taken。
45．考查名词。句意：除了在数学方面的成就外，他在天文学和机械方面也做出了巨大的贡献。make a great contribution to对……做出巨大贡献，是固定短语，名词contribution在句中作宾语。故填contribution。
46．Dear Jordan,
How is everything going? I’m writing to inform you about our arrangement of the next class. The related matters are as follows.
We’ll start at 10 a m. this Saturday in our school library lounge. The class is concerning the poetry of Tang Dynasty, so you are expected to go through the materials that I have already emailed to you. Also, please remember to read about the history of Tang Dynasty, which would be of great benefit to understanding the background of the poems.
I am looking forward to our next class.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你目前在给你的英国朋友Jordan上中文诗词课。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。
【详解】1.词汇积累
告知：inform →notify
浏览：go through →read through
并且：also →besides
有益的：be of great benefit →be very beneficial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to inform you about our arrangement of the next class.
拓展句：I’m writing to inform you something about how we arrange the next class.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 The class is concerning the poetry of Tang Dynasty, so you are expected to go through the materials that I have already emailed to you.（运用了so连接并列句，that引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】Also, please remember to read about the history of Tang Dynasty, which would be of great benefit to understanding the background of the poems.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
47．[参考范文]
It was one thing to look out at the world in the distance, but it was a whole other thing to look straight down. My legs were shaking uncontrollably and my grip on the handholds was slipping. I could hear my family calling up recommendations to me. Closing my eyes and taking a deep breath, I tried to calm myself down. And then, I felt a gentle hand on my back. “It’s okay,” a kind voice said. “I’m here to help you down.” I turned to see a friendly face, someone I had only met briefly before, but who had clearly seen my distress and come to my aid. With her support, I was able to climb down, slowly but surely.
Finally, the two of us reached the ground. I was overwhelmed with gratitude, and as I hugged my rescuer, I realized that sometimes it’s okay to admit when we need help. It’s okay to be afraid, and it’s okay to lean on others when we’re feeling unsure. On my drive home, I couldn’t stop thinking about the rock wall. It had been a symbol of my own self-doubt and fear, but I had conquered it. I felt like I had a new foothold in life, a new sense of confidence that I could take on whatever challenges came my way.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和家人去朋友家聚会，主人准备了可移动的岩石墙，大家都热情地排着队攀爬，但是作者找各种借口不去爬，最后在家人的鼓励下，终于鼓足勇气爬上去了，看到了远处的另一个世界，非常开心。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“从远处看世界是一回事，但向下看完全是另一回事。”可知，第一段可描写作者想下去的时候往下看非常害怕，最后在其他人的帮助下往下爬。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，我们两个到了地面。”可知，第二段可描写作者最后爬下来，感激救命恩人并对此事进行感悟。
2.续写线索：害怕下去——其他人帮助——稳稳下来——感激恩人——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.吸气：take a breath/breathe in
②.考虑：think about/think over/consider
情绪类
①.友好的：friendly / amicable/ kind
②.感激地：with gratitude / gratefully
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Closing my eyes and taking a deep breath, I tried to calm myself down. （运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]. I turned to see a friendly face, someone I had only met briefly before, but who had clearly seen my distress and come to my aid. （省略关系代词的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. I felt like I had a new foothold in life, a new sense of confidence that I could take on whatever challenges came my way.（that连接的同位语从句）
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