高中英语高考2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题五 完形填空 练习 Word版含解析

这是一份高中英语高考2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题五 完形填空 练习 Word版含解析，共93页。

 [全国卷3年考情分析]

注：句内层次题：空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。句组层次题：空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。语篇层次题：空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。


[命题者说]
研究近3年的全国卷完形填空试题，可以发现完形填空的设题方式大致可分为句内层次、句组层次及语篇层次三种题型。在难易程度上，句内层次题和句组层次题较容易，考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案，对于考生来说相对比较容易得分。且句内层次、句组层次题考查最多，能保障考生取得基本分数，但高考是选拔性的考试，每篇完形填空总会有2～3个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎，对于此类填空，往往需要考生跨越段落，从全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理等角度进行推理、判断，才能做出正确的选择。本专题将设两课对这三种题型进行分别指导。


(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my __42__ at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
I never felt an urge to __43__ any sign language before.My entire family is hearing，and so are all my friends.The __44__ languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)．Little did I know that I would discover my __45__ for ASL.
The __46__ began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club __47__ their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very __48__ of communicating without speaking __49__ me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the __50__. This newness just left me __51__ more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club’s meetings. I only learned how to __53__ the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my __54__ progress，I was excited.I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
The following term, I __56__ an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. __58__， if there had been any talking, it would have __59__ us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the __60__ way of communication it opens.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己学习美式手语的经历及感受。
41．A.searching　　　　　　 B．planning
C．natural D．formal
A　解析：根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”。
42．A.progress B．experience
C．major D．opinion
B　解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西。progress“进步”；major“专业”；opinion“意见，想法，看法”。
43．A.choose B．read
C．learn D．create
C　解析：以前，作者从没感觉到(自己)有学习(learn)任何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择”；create“创造”。
44．A.official B．foreign
C．body D．spoken
D　解析：根据上文中的“My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends”及下文中的“languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)”可知，口语对作者所有的(社会)交往来说已经足够了。spoken language“口语”符合语境。official“正式的，官方的”。
45．A.love B．concern
C．goal D．request
A　解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者不知道自己会喜爱(love)美式手语。concern“关心，担心，忧虑”；goal“目标”；request“要求”。
46．A.meeting B．trip
C．story D．task
C　解析：这个故事(story)始于作者上大学的第一周。meeting“会议”；trip“旅行”；task“任务”。
47．A.recorded B．performed
C．recited D．discussed
B　解析：根据句中的关键词“watched”可知，此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(performed)。record“记录，录音”；recite“背诵”；discuss“讨论”。
48．A.idea B．amount
C．dream D．reason
A　解析：手部动作和无需用语言交流的想法(idea)吸引了作者。amount“数额，数量”；dream“梦想”；reason“原因，理由”。
49．A.disturbed B．supported
C．embarrassed D．attracted
D　解析：参见上题解析。attract“吸引，引起……的注意”，符合语境。disturb“打扰，打搅”；support“支持”；embarrass“使……尴尬，使……难堪”。
50．A.end B．past
C．course D．distance
B　解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者看到的完全不像自己过去(past)所经历过的任何事情。end“结尾”；course“过程，课程”；distance“距离”。
51．A.showing B．acting
C．saying D．wanting
D　解析：这种新事物使作者想要(接触)更多。show“展示”；act“表演，扮演”；want“想要”。
52．A.exercise B．explore
C．express D．explain
B　解析：根据上下文语境和第一段中的关键词“explore”可知，作者觉得自己有进一步探索(explore)美式手语的需要。exercise“锻炼，训练”；express“表达”；explain“解释”。
53．A.print B．write
C．sign D．count
C　解析：根据语境可知，作者那天只是学会了如何用手语来表示全部字母。print“打印，印刷”；write“写”；sign“打手语”；count“数数”。
54．A.slow B．steady
C．normal D．obvious
A　解析：根据上文的“I only learned how to ______ the alphabet that day.”可知，作者并没有对自己缓慢的(slow)进步感到沮丧。steady“稳步的”；normal“正常的”；obvious“明显的”。
55．A.chair B．sponsor
C．attend D．organize
C　解析：根据语境，尤其是上文的“made it a point to”和下文的“and learn all I could”可知，作者努力做到参加(attend)这些会议。chair“主持(会议、讨论等)”；sponsor“赞助，举办”；organize“组织”。
56．A.missed B．passed
C．gave up D．registered for
D　解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者注册参加了一个美式手语课程。miss“想念，错过”；pass“通过”；give up“放弃”；register for“注册，选课”。
57．A.prohibited B．welcomed
C．ignored D．repeated
A　解析：根据上文的“The professor was deaf and any talking”可知，作者所参加的课程的教授是个耳聋的人，故任何谈话都是被禁止(prohibited)的。welcome“欢迎，欣然接受”；ignore“忽视”；repeat“重复”。
58．A.Lastly B．Thus
C．Instead D．However
C　解析：根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非不愉快的，反而(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致(caused)作者他们学习得更少。Lastly“最后，终于”；Thus“因此”；However“然而”。
59．A.required B．caused
C．allowed D．expected
B　解析：参见上题解析。require“要求”；allow“允许”；expect“期望”。
60．A.easy B．popular
C．quick D．new
D　解析：根据语境可知，作者现在非常喜欢这种无声以及它打开的新的(new)沟通方式。easy“容易的”；popular“受欢迎的”；quick“快速的”。

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids __41__ “The Thinking Laboratory.”That was the __42__ students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too __43__．
Freddy was an average __44__， but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情)．He would __45__ the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s __46__．
Before the school year __47__， I gave the kids a special __48__， T­shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your __49__” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词) may seem dull, most of the __50__ things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide __51__ on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his __52__ from high school and remained the same __53__ person I met forty years before.Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man __54__ in his truck. Another time , he __55__ a friend money to buy a house.
Just last year, I was __56__ a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and __58__ it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a __59__ from Freddy’s mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”
I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn’t help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us，we all __60__ something from Freddy.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的学生Freddy的性格特征，以及多年后他的生活和工作状况，并说明了作者自己从他身上学到了一些东西。
41．A.built B．entered
C．decorated D．ran
B　解析：在1973年，作者正在教小学。每天27个小孩进入“思想实验室”。enter“进入”，符合语境。build“建造”；decorate“装饰”；run“管理，经营”。
42．A.name B．rule
C．brand D．plan
A　解析：根据下文的“Room 104”可知，“The Thinking Laboratory”是学生们选举出来的名字。name“名字”；rule“规则”；brand“品牌”；plan“计划”。故选A项。
43．A.small B．dark
C．strange D．dull
D　解析：Room 104这个名字被学生们选举换成The Thinking Laboratory，所以可判断出学生们认为Room 104这个名字太乏味了。dull“枯燥的，无趣的”，符合语境。故选D项。
44．A.scholar B．student
C．citizen D．worker
B　解析：根据上文中的“I was teaching elementary school”可知，作者正在教小学，故可推知Freddy是一个普通的学生。故选B项。
45．A.speak B．sing
C．question D．laugh
D　解析：根据下文中的“the loudest over fun”可知，Freddy对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故选D项。
46．A.misfortune B．disbelief
C．dishonesty D．mistake
A　解析：根据上文中的the saddest可知，Freddy对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune“不幸”；disbelief“不信，怀疑”；dishonesty“不诚实”；mistake“错误”。故选A项。
47．A.changed B．approached
C．returned D．ended
D　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示在学年结束前。end“结束”，符合语境。change“改变”；approach“靠近”；return“返回”。
48．A.lesson B．gift
C．report D．message
B　解析：在学年结束前，给孩子们的应是礼物。故选B项。
49．A.Friends B．Awards
C．Masters D．Tasks
A　解析：根据下文可知，作者认为尽管动词看起来是枯燥的，但是孩子们在一生中所做的大多数趣事就是动词。再结合选项可知，A项符合语境。
50．A.simple B．unique
C．fun D．clever
C　解析：由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。simple“简单的”；unique“独特的”；clever“聪明的”。
51．A.assessments B．comments
C．instructions D．updates
D　解析：根据语境可知，很多年来，作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最新消息，所以作者才了解到Freddy的一些情况。update“最新消息”，符合语境。assessment“评估，评价”；comment“评论”；instruction“指导，教导”。
52．A.graduation B．retirement
C．separation D．resignation
A　解析：根据空前的“did several jobs”可知，此处表示Freddy从高中毕业后。graduation“毕业”，符合语境，故选A项。retirement“退休”；separation“分离”；resignation“辞职”。
53．A.daring B．modest
C．caring D．smart
C　解析：根据下文中的“he let a homeless man... a friend money to buy a house”可知，他让一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里，还借给朋友钱去买房子，故可推知他仍然是作者四十年前遇到的那个乐于助人的人。caring“乐于助人的”，符合语境。故选C项。
54．A.wait B．sleep
C．study D．live
B　解析：根据上文中的“while working overnight”可知，Freddy上夜班时，让一位无家可归的人在他的卡车里睡觉。故选B项。
55．A.paid B．charged
C．lent D．owed
C　解析：因为Freddy是一位乐于助人的人，所以是借给朋友钱买房子。lend“借出”，符合语境。pay“支付”；charge“(向……)收费”；owe“欠(钱)，负(债)”。
56．A.observing B．preparing
C．designing D．conducting
D　解析：根据下文中的“I stopped teaching”可知，作者正在举办一个研习班，这时有人敲教室的门。conduct“实施，执行”，符合语境。故选D项。observe“观察”；prepare“准备”；design“设计”。
57．A.regretted B．avoided
C．excused D．ignored
C　解析：根据下文中的“I stopped teaching”可知，作者当时正在上课，所以这位女士为打断作者讲课而请求原谅并递给作者一个信封。excuse“原谅(某人的小错)”，符合语境。regret“遗憾，后悔”；avoid“避免”；ignore“忽视”。
58．A.opened B．packed
C．gave D．held
A　解析：根据上文中的“handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching”可知，一位女士递给作者一个信封，作者停止了教学并打开它。故选A项。pack“打包，装箱”；give“交给”；hold“握住，抓住”。
59．A.picture B．bill
C．note D．diary
C　解析：根据下文中的“Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving...”可知，这个信封里装着一张Freddy的妈妈写的便条。故选C项。picture“图片”；bill“账单”；diary“日记”。
60．A.chose B．took
C．expected D．borrowed
B　解析：根据上文中的“Although Freddy was taken from us”可知，尽管Freddy从我们中被带走了，但是我们所有人都从Freddy那儿拿走了一些东西，即从Freddy的身上学到了一些东西。故选B项。

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free round­the­world air ticket to the right woman. But __21__ apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian __22__．
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round­the­world air tickets in May, but their __23__ ended and he did not want her ticket to __24__. The ticket had a strict no­transfer(不可转让) __25__， but since passport information was not required when __26__， any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can __27__ it.
“I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to __28__ a lot of joy，” said Axani. He posted his __29__ on a social networking website, and received thousands of e­mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the __30__ passports. “More __31__， there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in __32__ their name to Elizabeth Gallagher，” Axani said.“It was absolutely out of __33__， thousands of e­mails, people around the world __34__ their stories of travel.”
Axani wrote in his post that he is not __35__ anything in return and that the woman who uses the __36__ ticket can choose to either travel with him or __37__ the ticket and travel on her own.
The __38__ is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8. He said the __40__ woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。一名来自多伦多的男士与女友分手后，为了不浪费已经订好的机票，在网上征集与前女友同名的加拿大女性并免费赠送其机票。
21．A.benefits B．deposits
C．restrictions D．examinations
C　解析：根据下文可知，他要找的这位女士必须叫Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必须持有加拿大护照，这些都是赠送机票的限制要求。benefit“益处”；deposit“订金，押金”；restriction“限制，约束”；examination“检查，考试”。
22．A.origin B.passport
C．accent D．friend
B　解析：参见上题解析。下文的“passport information”亦是提示。
23．A.holiday B．marriage
C．dream D．relationship
D　解析：根据上文的“his then girlfriend”可知，他们的男女朋友关系结束了。
24．A.go to waste B．come to mind
C．go no sale D．come into effect
A　解析：根据语境可知，这位男士免费赠送票是因为他不想把机票浪费了。
25．A.policy B．order
C．payment D．schedule
A　解析：机票不可转让，这是民航政策。policy“政策”；order“命令”；payment“付款，报偿”；schedule“时间表，计划表”。
26．A.applying B.booking
C．checking D．bargaining
B　解析：这张机票在预订的时候没有填护照信息。apply“申请”；book“预订”；check“检查”；bargain“讨价还价”。
27．A.use B．borrow
C．choose D．buy
A　解析：任何一个叫Elizabeth Gallagher的女士都能使用此机票。
28．A.sacrifice B．express
C．experience D．provide
C　解析：此处指有了此机票的人可以体验到旅行的快乐。sacrifice“牺牲”；express“表达”；experience“经历，体验”；provide“提供”。
29．A.answer B．advice
C．offer D．comment
C　解析：根据下文可知，他在社交网站上发布免费提供机票的消息。offer“提供，给予”。
30．A.same B．right
C．new D．real
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处指符合条件的对的(right)护照。
31．A.interesting B．annoying
C．satisfying D．convincing
A　解析：根据语境可知，更有趣的是，几百人有兴趣把他们的名字改成Elizabeth Gallagher。
32．A.writing B．giving
C．lending D．changing
D　解析：参见上题解析。change...to...表示“把……改成……”。
33．A.touch B．question
C．date D．control
D　解析：根据下文提到的有成千上万的邮件可知，此处指已经完全失控了。out of control“失控”。
34．A.admiring B．advertising
C．sharing D．doubting
C　解析：根据语境可知，世界各地的人发邮件来与他分享他们的旅游故事。
35．A.leaving B．looking for
C．losing D．dealing with
B　解析：根据语境可知，他赠送机票并不期望得到什么回报。look for“寻求，期待”。
36．A.single B．strange
C．regular D．extra
D　解析：此处强调这张机票是免费额外得到的。single“单程的”；strange“奇怪的”；regular“有规律的”；extra“额外的”。
37．A.return B．take
C．reserve D．hide
B　解析：免费使用此机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅游，也可以拿走机票自己旅行。
38．A.interview B．program
C．trip D．meeting
C　解析：此旅行是从纽约市到多伦多。trip“旅游，旅行”。
39．A.ending B．calling
C．repeating D．staying
A　解析：此处介绍机票行程，12月21日从纽约市出发，1月8日必须返回多伦多，因此是结束于多伦多。end“结束”。
40．A.honored B．lovely
C．intelligent D．lucky
D　解析：根据语境可知，能得到免费机票的女士是幸运的。honored“光荣的，尊敬的”；lovely“可爱的”；intelligent“有智慧的，聪明的”。

一、基础保分课——巧用9大方法力保句内、句组层次题不失分
(一)5大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
1．利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
A．chair　　　　　　　　 B．sponsor
C．attend D．organize
[解析]　C　本题可以利用固定结构解题。attend a meeting出席会议，是固定搭配。
2．利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope.
57．A.regretted B．avoided
C．excused D．ignored
[解析]　C　此题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。作者正在上课，因此根据生活常识，打断作者上课应该请求原谅。
3．利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[示例]　(2015·安徽卷)To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record
C．decrease D．measure
[解析]　C　本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。

从上述分析可以看出，第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为前面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案C项(decrease“减少”)。
4．利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[示例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We went 10­1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident．
28．A.and B．then
C．but D．thus
[解析]　C　本题考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的短语。

通过上述分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。
5．利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8.
39．A.ending B．calling
C．repeating D．staying
[解析]　A　本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。由前面的start可知旅行开始时间，因此我们可以快速地选出ending旅行的结束时间。
(二)4大方法智取句组层次题
比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
[解析]　A　本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explore new aspects of life可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，故选searching(寻找)。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。
2．利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[示例]　(2017·北京卷)Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba，Canada.One day, when she was five years old，she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man 36.eating out of a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very __37__. She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.
37．A.annoyed B．nervous
C．ashamed D．upset
[解析]　D　本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据后面的“She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.”可知，她不能理解为什么一些人没有庇护之所，没有足够的食物，这让她很难过(upset)。
3．利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[示例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And they’ve never actually 41.met you. Everything they know about you 42.came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. __43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
[解析]　B　本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。

通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为Yet。thus“因此”，then“随后”，indeed“的确，确实”。
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)43.As he got closer, he found 44.another vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed __45__ shooting out from under the 46.disabled vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47.got__hold__of the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
45．A.flames B．smoke
C．water D．steam
[解析]　A　本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。上文中提到Larry发现另一辆车翻倒在地，从而再仔细看，根据下文他“got hold of the fire extinguisher”，“Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.”等这些语境暗示可知，他仔细看后，注意到从车下面冒出的应该是火焰(flame)。
二、重难增分课——坚持“一原则”活用“三方法”，力争语篇层次题不丢分
题型解读
解题口诀
　　在上一课中，我们重点讲解了完形填空三大层次题型中的句内层次题和句组层次题。相信同学们对完形填空这一题型的解题方法有了一定的了解。在本课中，我们继续讲解另外一种层次题型，也是同学们在解答完形填空题中较易失分的一种层次题型，即语篇层次题。
　　语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。
语篇题目确实难，解题信息找不全。
此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇细思量。
句内句组不能解，暂时跳过放一放。
等到信息足够全，综合思维把它判。

不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定
语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。

(一)利用语义复现解题
在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。
[示例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids 41.entered “The Thinking Laboratory.”That was the 42.name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43.dull．
Freddy was an average __44__， but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情)．He would 45.laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 46.misfortune．
44．A.scholar　　　　 　 B．student
C．citizen D．worker
[解析]　B　本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。上文42空后有students，由此可选B项，表示“弗雷德是一名普通的学生”。
(二)利用总分结构对照分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[示例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Powerful, yes, but not always __46__. For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 47.in__person,__got me rock­bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 48.annoyed me. I sometimes wished to 49.find another agent.
One morning, I had to 50.book an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 51.for__the__first__time. The woman sitting at the desk, 52.seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 53.comforting smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.
Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way, what’s your name？” “I’m Rani，” she said. I turned around and saw a 56.pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 57.speechless! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 58.nice．
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 59.friendliness—her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 60.attitude—were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires.
46．A.direct B．useful
C．easy D．accurate
[解析]　D　本题可以利用总分结构对照分析法解题。此题在一个总述句“Powerful, yes, but not always __46__．(电话是强大的，但不总是准确的)”中。这是为什么呢？下文叙述的事件给了我们本空的答案。因此，仅仅看到本题所在句子包含的信息是不够的，还要看后文的相关信息，这个关键信息就在下文的分述部分。只要抓住分述部分作者态度的转变过程，本题就迎刃而解了。

总结一下分述部分，很容易判断出第46题答案就是D项accurate。因为下面分述部分讲的是作者在电话里觉得Rani是冷漠的，但见面后印象完全转变，由此可知，电话虽强大，但不准确。
(三)利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。
[示例]　(2015·北京卷)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night，the two of them 36.sat side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning，__38__，their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.
38．A.therefore B．however
C．otherwise D．instead
[解析]　B　本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。

通过上述对本填空前后文已知信息的分析，发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B。
([学生用书P65]　 　　))
A
(2017·青岛检测)Last year, I taught in a special school where students have severe learning and behavioral difficulties.
Another teacher and I had spent weeks teaching the children __1__ behavior for public outings. Unexpectedly, only a few students, __2__ Kyle, had not earned the privilege(特殊待遇) of going out. He was determined to make his disappointment __3__．
In the corridor(走廊) between classrooms, he began __4__， cursing, and swinging at anything __5__ striking distance. Once his outburst died down, he did what he’d done when he was __6__ at all his previous schools. He __7__．
I heard someone shout, “Call the police！”
But I ran __8__ him.
Kyle ran faster than me, but I would at least be able to keep him in my __9__ and know he was alive.
After several blocks of running, Kyle __10__ his pace. Then he stopped. He stood still and watched me __11__. I had no idea what I was going to say or do but I kept walking closer.
The school principal and an officer got out of a police car. They spoke __12__ to Kyle, who willingly climbed into the back of the vehicle. I couldn’t hear what was said, but I didn’t take my eyes off Kyle’s face, even as they __13__．
I couldn’t help but feel that I had __14__ him, and that I should have done or said more. I __15__ my feelings with a speech therapist who was __16__ with Kyle’s history. “No one ever ran after him before, Rachel，” she said. “No one. They just let him go.”
Things __17__ the day I ran after him, even though I wasn’t able to __18__ him from the mess he was in. It was the day I didn’t throw my hands in the air and decide he was too fast, a waste of time and __19__. It was the day my mere presence was enough to make a big __20__．
[解题导语]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己在特殊学校当老师期间所经历的一件事。问题学生Kyle因没被允许参加集体出游而发飙，当别人打电话叫警察时，作者出于担心跟随Kyle跑了出来，当作者终于追上Kyle时，警车却把似乎有所触动的Kyle带走了。本文表明了某些简单的行为也能产生大的影响。
1．A.wild　　　　　　　　 B．appropriate
C．gentle D．noble
B　解析：A项意为“野蛮的，疯狂的”；B项意为“恰当的，合适的”；C项意为“温柔的”；D项意为“高贵的，贵族的”。由上文可知，作者是在特殊学校当老师，故此处指为了给集体出游做准备，作者教孩子们恰当的举止行为。故选B。
2．A.except B．beside
C．including D．referring
C　解析：A项意为“除了”；B项意为“在……旁边”；C项意为“包括”；D项意为“提到”。此处提到只有几个学生没有获得出游的特殊待遇，结合下文Kyle的行为可知，这几个学生中包括Kyle。故选C。
3．A.gone B．known
C．disappear D．said
B　解析：根据下文Kyle的行为可知，他想让别人知道他的失望，使用make sth.known结构，表示“使某事让别人知道”。故选B。
4．A.screaming B．speaking
C．heating D．learning
A　解析：根据语境可知，此处描述Kyle感情爆发的情形，scream意为“尖叫”，符合语境。故选A。
5．A.beyond B．out of
C．within D．off
C　解析：A项意为“超越，在……较远的一边”；B项意为“在……外”；C项意为“在……里面，在……范围内”；D项意为“离开”。Kyle因失望而开始哭闹，将他能够得着的东西摇来晃去。故选C。
6．A.angry B．excited
C．terrified D．sad
A　解析：由上文可知，Kyle生气了，感情爆发了。angry意为“生气的”，符合语境。故选A。
7．A.jumped B．cried
C．fought D．ran
D　解析：由下文可知，Kyle跑走了，作者去追赶他。故选D。
8．A.before B．besides
C．with D．after
D　解析：由下文的“Kyle ran faster than me”可知，此处指作者追赶他。run after意为“追赶”，符合语境。故选D。
9．A.mind B．side
C．sight D．need
C　解析：根据空格后面的“know he was alive”可知，虽然Kyle比作者跑得快，但是作者至少可以让Kyle保持在自己视线之内，知道他还活着。sight意为“视线，视野”，符合语境。故选C。
10．A.sped B．kept
C．slowed D．stopped
C　解析：根据下一句“Then he stopped.”可知，跑过几个街区之后，Kyle放慢了脚步，然后停了下来。slow意为“减速，放慢”，符合语境。故选C。
11．A.approach B．leave
C．say D．move
A　解析：根据下一句中的“walking closer”可知，此处指Kyle看着作者走近。approach意为“走近”，符合语境。故选A。
12．A.happily B．excitedly
C．cheerfully D．calmly
D　解析：A项意为“高兴地”；B项意为“兴奋地”；C项意为“快乐地，高兴地”；D项意为“平静地”。此处校长和警官应是心平气和地与Kyle说话，以免刺激到Kyle激动的情绪。故选D。
13．A.walked away B．drove away
C．ran away D．put away
B　解析：A项意为“走开”；B项意为“赶走，(把车)开走”；C项意为“逃离”；D项意为“把……收起来，把……放好”。根据上文中的“got out of a police car”可知，此处应指他们把警车开走。故选B。
14．A.helped B．forgot
C．failed D．permitted
C　解析：由空格后面的“that I should have done or said more”可知，作者感到自己让Kyle失望了。fail sb.意为“使某人失望，有负于某人”。故选C。
15．A.experienced B．wrote
C．compared D．shared
D　解析：A项意为“经历，体验”；B项意为“写”；C项意为“比较”；D项意为“分享”。由下文提到的作者和言语治疗专家的谈话可知，作者和治疗专家分享了他的感觉。故选D。
16．A.together B．familiar
C．satisfied D．special
B　解析：由下文提到的作者和言语治疗专家的谈话可知，这位言语治疗专家对Kyle的情况非常熟悉。be familiar with意为“对……熟悉”。故选B。
17．A.stayed B．remained
C．happened D．changed
D　解析：由上文可知，以前Kyle跑出去时不曾有人追过他，他们只是任他跑走，但是这次作者追了出去。因此，此处指“在我追他的那天情况改变了”。change意为“改变”，符合语境。故选D。
18．A.save B．escape
C．take D．affect
A　解析：A项意为“挽救，拯救”；B项意为“逃跑”；C项意为“带，拿，乘坐”；D项意为“影响”。由语境可知，作者追赶Kyle的行为影响了Kyle，即使作者无法把他从其所处的困境中挽救出来。故选A。
19．A.money B．effort
C．words D．chances
B　解析：根据上文可知，作者没有因为Kyle跑得太快就决定不去追他，也不觉得追赶Kyle是浪费时间和精力。effort意为“精力，努力”，符合语境。故选B。
20．A.decision B．promise
C．difference D．mess
C　解析：四个选项都可以和动词make构成短语：make a decision意为“做决定”；make a promise意为“许诺”；make a difference意为“有影响，有关系”；make a mess意为“制造混乱”。根据上文可知，此处应表达“我的出现就足以产生很大的影响”。故选C。
[长难句分析]　I couldn’t hear what was said, but I didn’t take my eyes off Kyle’s face, even as they drove away. (倒数第三段最后一句)
分析：这是一个并列复合句。并列连词but连接两个分句：第一个分句中what引导的是宾语从句，做动词hear的宾语；第二个分句含有as引导的时间状语从句。
译文：我听不见说了什么，但是我没有把目光从Kyle的脸上移开，甚至在他们开车离开时。
B
(2017·辽宁大连双基检测)I always had a dream. In it, I was a little girl again, rushing about, trying to get __1__ for school. Deep inside I knew __2__ it came from. It was some unfinished __3__ in my life.
As a kid I loved school. Most of all I __4__ to receive my diploma. That seemed more __5__ even than getting married. But at 15, I had to __6__ because my parents couldn’t afford my __7__. Pretty soon I married and had three children. I thought, “There goes my diploma.” __8__， I wanted my children to be educated. But Linda, the youngest, had a serious heart disease, which made it impossible for her to __9__ in a normal classroom.
One day, I saw an ad for evening courses. “That’s the __10__. Linda always feels better in the evening, so I’ll just __11__ her up for night school.”
Linda was busy filling forms when the school __12__ said, “Mrs. Schantz, why don’t you come back to school？”
I laughed, “There’s no __13__！ I’m 55！”
But he __14__ me and I attended class with Linda. Surprisingly, both Linda and I felt great there and my __15__ steadily improved.
It was exciting to go to school again, but it was no __16__. Sitting in a class full of kids was __17__， even if they were respectful. Whenever I was down, Linda encouraged me, “Mom, you can’t __18__ now！” Together we made it __19__．
Finally, I got my diploma with Linda and realized my __20__ of years.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了已为人母的作者梦想着自己能够再年轻一次重新回到课堂，最后在女儿的带动下实现了自己梦想的故事。
1．A.started B．concerned
C．finished D．prepared
D　解析：根据下文作者和女儿一起回到课堂的事可知，此处指“准备上学”。get prepared for“为……做准备”。故选D。
2．A.when B．where
C．how D．why
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者知道这种想法(再次年轻并回到校园)来源于哪里(where)。故选B。
3．A.homework B．diploma
C．accident D．business
D　解析：根据下文内容可推知，这个梦想是作者未完成的事(business)。故选D。
4．A.required B．managed
C．longed D．struggled
C　解析：根据常识及语境可知，作者渴望得到自己的毕业证书。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故选C。
5．A.annoying B．incredible
C．appealing D．ridiculous
C　解析：根据上文的“As a kid I loved school. Most of all I ______ to receive my diploma.”可推出，对于作者来说上学甚至比结婚更有吸引力。annoying“讨厌的，令人气恼的”；incredible“难以置信的”；appealing“有吸引力的”；ridiculous“荒谬的”。故选C。
6．A.drop out B．give in
C．break up D．turn away
A　解析：根据上下文可推知，因为家里负担不起作者的学校教育费用，所以作者不得不辍学。drop out“辍学”；give in“屈服”；break up“破碎”；turn away“拒绝”。故选A。
7．A.living B．teaching
C．working D．schooling
D　解析：参见上题解析。schooling “学校教育”。
8．A.As usual B．Until then
C．Even so D．In fact
C　解析：根据语境可知，尽管这样，作者还是想让孩子接受教育。故选C。as usual“像往常一样”；until then“直到那时”；even so“即便这样，尽管如此”；in fact“事实上”。
9．A.recover B．function
C．benefit D．arrive
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处指“在一间普通的教室里上课对琳达来说是不可能的”。function意为“运转，正常工作”，符合语境。recover“恢复”；benefit“使受益”；arrive“到达”。故选B。
10．A.problem B．answer
C．deal D．result
B　解析：根据语境可知，那就是解决琳达上学问题的方法，因为琳达在晚上身体感到很不错。故选B。problem“问题”；answer“解决办法，答案”；deal“交易”；result“结果”。
11．A.sign B．put
C．call D．pick
A　解析：根据语境可知，女儿在晚上时身体感觉舒服，因此作者就为女儿在夜校报了名。sign up for sth.“报名(参加课程)”。故选A。
12．A.secretary B．colleague
C．employer D．referee
A　解析：colleague“同事”；employer“雇主，老板”；referee“裁判员，调解人”。根据语境可知选A。the school secretary“校办秘书”。
13．A.rush B．time
C．way D．class
C　解析：根据空后的“I’m 55！”可推知，作者认为55岁的自己不可能再回到校园了。there is no way意为“不可能”。
14．A.urged B．demanded
C．persuaded D．informed
C　解析：根据上下文可知，此处指作者被劝服。urge“催促”；demand“要求”；persuade“劝服”；inform“通知”。故选C。
15．A.grades B．attitude
C．health D．moods
A　解析：根据语境及常识可推知，令人吃惊的是，作者的成绩稳步提高。grade“成绩”；attitude“态度”；health“健康”；mood“情绪”。故选A。
16．A.fun B．game
C．good D．wonder
B　解析：根据语境可知，重回学校对于作者而言是一件兴奋的事，但这并不是个游戏。故选B。
17．A.available B．awkward
C．awesome D．awful
B　解析：根据下文的“even if they were respectful”可推出，作者认为和孩子们坐在一起是尴尬的。available“可获得的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”；awesome“令人惊叹的”；awful“可怕的”。根据语境可知选B。
18．A.miss B．reject
C．resign D．quit
D　解析：根据“encouraged me”和下文的“Together we made it”可推知，女儿鼓励作者不能放弃。miss“思念”；reject“拒绝接受”；resign“辞职”；quit“放弃”。故选D。
19．A.up B．out
C．off D．through
D　解析：此处考查固定搭配make it through，意为“成功渡过”。
20．A.dream B．ambition
C．plan D．thought
A　解析：realize one’s dream“实现某人的梦想”，符合语境。ambition“雄心”；plan“计划”；thought“想法”。
C
(2017·江西名校联盟5月检测)Brian Tagalog was born without arms. But that didn’t __1__ him from leading a normal life. The __2__ young man believes he is the only certified tattoo(文身) artist without arms in the world.
A __3__ of Honolulu, Tagalog moved with his family to Tucson. He had always shown an interest in drawing, and set his mind on becoming a __4__ tattoo artist. Not many people gave him a chance, but he __5__ improved his foot drawing skills and operated the tattoo gun with his __6__．
Brian’s mother admits that __7__ him was not easy, but she always made it a(n) __8__ to let him explore his options. “The day I gave birth to him, well, I was shocked, but we never hid him. I didn’t __9__ him in any way.” And perhaps that’s what gave him the __10__ to achieve his dreams, __11__ the very obvious absence of two limbs. “I was born without arms，” he said. “But that has not __12__ me down to pursue my dream.”
At first, finding a shop that would __13__ him proved a very difficult thing. He __14__ many tattoo shops and got no calls back. He didn’t give up; __15__， Brian finally runs his own shop. Brian uses a(n) __16__ technique to tattoo—he draws the design on clients’ skin with one foot, __17__ using the other to stretch the skin. And eventually his tattoos always turn out to get his clients’ __18__．
Brian hopes his success will __19__ others to follow their dreams bravely. Words and photos just don’t do Brian Tagalog justice. You need to see him __20__ to witness how he works only with his feet.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了生来没有胳膊的Brian Tagalog通过自己的不懈努力最终成为一名成功的文身艺术家的故事。
1．A.promote B．preserve
C．protect D．prevent
D　解析：但是那没有阻止他过正常的生活。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。
2．A.wise B．ambitious
C．promising D．handsome
B　解析：这个有抱负的年轻人相信他是这个世界上唯一一个有资格证的无臂文身艺术家。wise“睿智的”；ambitious“有雄心的，有抱负的”；promising“有前途的”；handsome“英俊的”。
3．A.visitor B．foreigner
C．stranger D．native
D　解析：根据后文的“moved with his family to Tucson”可知，此处指Tagalog是一个火奴鲁鲁的当地人。foreigner“外国人”；stranger“陌生人”；native“当地人，本地人”。
4．A.professional B．normal
C．temporary D．conservative
A　解析：他总是表现出在绘画方面的兴趣，并且下决心成为一名专业的文身艺术家。professional“专业的，职业的”；normal“正常的”；temporary“暂时的”；conservative“保守的”。
5．A.steadily B．occasionally
C．effectively D．frequently
A　解析：并不是很多人给他机会，但是他不断地磨炼自己的脚部绘画技巧并且用自己的脚趾操作文身枪。steadily“持续地，不断地”；occasionally“偶尔，偶然”；effectively“高效地”；frequently“经常地，频繁地”。
6．A.fingers B．toes
C．mouth D．jaw
B　解析：参见上题解析。
7．A.comforting B．educating
C．raising D．accompanying
C　解析：Brian的母亲承认抚养他长大不是一件容易的事儿。comfort“安慰”；educate“教育”；raise“养育，抚养”；accompany“陪伴”。
8．A.failure B．point
C．adventure D．destination
B　解析：但她总是特别注意让他探究自己的选择。make it a point to“对……特别注意，努力做到”，是固定短语，符合语境。failure“失败”；adventure“冒险”；destination“目的地”。
9．A.defend B．blame
C．abandon D．shelter
D　解析：根据上文的“but we never hid him”可知，此处应是指Brian的母亲不以任何形式庇护他。defend“保护”；blame“责备”；abandon“遗弃”；shelter“庇护，遮蔽”。
10．A.confidence B．determination
C．freedom D．enthusiasm
A　解析：根据上下文语境，此处应是表示尽管他没有胳膊，但是Brian的家人所采取的更为积极的让Brian成长的方式或许正是给予他实现梦想的自信心的东西。confidence“自信心”；determination“决心”；freedom“自由”；enthusiasm“热情”。
11．A.apart from B．in
C．regardless of D．despite
D　解析：参见上题解析。apart from“除了”；regardless of“不管，不顾”；despite“尽管”。
12．A.turned B．calmed
C．slowed D．tracked
C　解析：他说：“我生来没有胳膊，但是那并没有让我放慢追求自己梦想的速度。”turn sb. down“拒绝某人”；calm sb. down“使某人镇静下来”；slow sb. down“使某人慢下来”；track sb. down“追查到，追踪到”。
13．A.hire B．support
C．serve D．fund
A　解析：根据下文中的“...got no calls back”“He didn’t give up; ______， Brian finally runs his own shop.”可知，此处应是指起初，找到一个愿意雇用他的店铺被证实是一件非常困难的事情。hire“雇用”；support“支持”；serve“为……服务”；fund“资助”。
14．A.adapted to B．appealed to
C．attached to D．applied to
D　解析：根据上下文的内容可知，此处表示他应聘了好多家店，但是没有得到回信。apply to“向……申请”符合语境。adapt to“适应”；appeal to“对……有吸引力”；attach to“与……有联系，与……有关联”。
15．A.otherwise B．instead
C．still D．however
B　解析：他没有放弃，反而(instead)最后开了自己的店。
16．A.unique B．funny
C．powerful D．attractive
A　解析：根据下文的内容可知，此处指Brian使用了一种独特的文身技巧。unique“独特的”；funny“有趣的”；powerful“强有力的”；attractive“吸引人的”。
17．A.before B．if
C．while D．unless
C　解析：当他用另一只脚将皮肤抻平时，他用一只脚在顾客的皮肤上绘制图案。while“当……时”符合语境。before“在……之前”；if“如果”；unless“除非”。
18．A.instruction B．admiration
C．doubt D．complaint
B　解析：而且最后他的文身总是会得到顾客的赞赏。instruction“指导”；admiration“赞赏”；doubt“怀疑”；complaint“投诉”。
19．A.inspire B．urge
C．request D．advise
A　解析：Brian希望他的成功能激励他人勇敢地追求梦想。inspire sb. to do sth.“激励某人去做某事”。urge“敦促”；request“要求”；advise“建议”。
20．A.in response B．in advance
C．in action D．in turn
C　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示你需要见证在工作状态中的Brian。in action“在活动中，在运转”，在此引申为“处于工作状态中”。in response“作为回应”；in advance“提前”；in turn“反过来”。
D
(2017·豫南九校考评五)That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother __1__ me to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning __2__， I felt like getting up early.
I stood by my window overlooking the __3__， having nothing better to do. But as it turned out, I was soon to learn about something __4__ in life.
As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I __5__ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its __6__ and a basket of rags and bottles on its back­carriage. He __7__ from one car to another, washing and cleaning them. From the water on the ground, it seemed that he had already __8__ washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars. He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.
Several thoughts __9__ my mind as I watched him work. He wasn’t well­dressed. He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) __10__ T­shirt. The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern __11__ would want to be seen riding on. But he seemed __12__ with life. There he was, working hard at his small business, __13__ at passers­by and stopping to chat now and then __14__elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.
There was a noticeable touch of __15__ in the way he seemed to be doing things—__16__ the windscreen, then standing back to admire it; scrubbing the wheels and __17__， standing back to see what they look like after the scrub.
It was a __18__ to learn, I felt. At no age need one have to beg for a __19__ if one has good health and is willing to work hard. For a while I felt __20__ of myself. Young as I am—just sixteen, and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.
[解题导语]　某个假日的早晨，作者起得很早。窗外停车场上，一位普通洗车工忙碌而怡然自得的情景令他悟得人生真谛：身体棒，肯劳动，就会成为有用之人！
1．A.forces B．allows
C．causes D．forbids
B　解析：根据常识可知，假期不用上学，所以母亲允许作者在家睡懒觉。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，符合语境。故选B项。force意为“强迫”；cause意为“引起，造成”；forbid意为“禁止”。
2．A.otherwise B．therefore
C．however D．besides
C　解析：空后的I felt like getting up early与上文所说的“在家睡懒觉”形成对比，所以选however，意为“然而”。otherwise意为“否则”；therefore意为“因此”；besides意为“此外”。
3．A.parking lot B．bus stop
C．school D．market
A　解析：根据第三段第一句中的get into their cars and go off和下文洗车工的忙碌场景可知，作者在俯瞰窗外的停车场(parking lot)。故选A项。
4．A.interesting B．surprising
C．awful D．useful
D　解析：根据最后一段可知，作者通过观察洗车工忙碌而怡然自得的情形，感悟到人只要有勤劳而健康的双手就会成为有用之人。这是自己学到的有用的东西，所以选useful。interesting意为“有趣的”；surprising意为“令人惊讶的”；awful意为“可怕的”。
5．A.noticed B．recognized
C．called D．assisted
A　解析：作者观察着停车场来往的人们，注意到(noticed)一位骑着单车的老人。故选A项。recognize意为“辨认出”；call意为“打电话”；assist意为“帮助”。
6．A.back B．handle
C．wheel D．seat
B　解析：此处描写洗车工自行车的扶手上挂着一只水桶，后车架上载着抹布和瓶瓶罐罐。空前的代词its指的是上文所说的bicycle，所以选handle，意为“手柄；车把”。
7．A.searched B．left
C．moved D．wandered
C　解析：根据空后的from one car to another可知，洗车工洗完一辆车再去洗另一辆车。move意为“移动；挪动”，符合语境。search意为“搜查；搜寻”；leave意为“离开”；wander意为“漫游”。
8．A.stopped B．started
C．intended D．finished
D　解析：根据空前的From the water on the ground及下文He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.可知，地上淌满了水，作者推测他一定从很早就开始工作了，由此可看出他已洗完十几辆车。finish doing sth.意为“完成做某事”，符合语境。故选D项。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”；start doing sth.意为“开始做某事”；intend doing sth.意为“意欲做某事”。
9．A.crossed B．slipped
C．disturbed D．inspired
A　解析：句意：在我观察老人工作的时候，几个想法浮现出来。cross one’s mind(想法)浮上心头，为固定搭配。
10．A.attractive B．shiny
C．simple D．expensive
C　解析：从上句He wasn’t well­dressed.可知，老人穿得不是很好，由此可以推断老人穿了一件朴素的T恤衫。
11．A.repairmen B．businessmen
C．drivers D．cyclists
D　解析：老人骑的自行车也绝对不是现在骑自行车的人想在大街上骑的那一种。自行车一定是“骑自行车的人”骑，而非“修理人员”“商人”和“汽车驾驶员”。
12．A.busy B．content
C．careful D．bored
B　解析：前文描述了老人的穿着很朴素，骑的自行车也很老旧，但是老人对生活很是满意。其中But是提示词。
13．A.waving B．looking
C．laughing D．pointing
A　解析：在他辛勤工作的时候，他还和经过的路人挥手打招呼。只有“打招呼”才能吸引人过来聊天。
14．A.about B．for
C．with D．like
C　解析：而且不时地和老人们交谈。“与……聊天”用chat with表示。
15．A.worry B．respect
C．sympathy D．pride
D　解析：他好像对他所做的工作有一种易于让人觉察的骄傲感。根据下文的描述“老人在擦完挡风玻璃后进行欣赏，擦净轮子后看擦得怎么样”可知，老人对自己的工作有一种自豪感。
16．A.cleaning B．fixing
C．replacing D．covering
A　解析：擦完挡风玻璃，他会往后站来欣赏一下。老人是一个擦车工，因此在这儿是指“擦洗”挡风玻璃。
17．A.still B．yet
C．again D．soon
C　解析：擦干净轮子以后，他又往后站去看轮子在他擦过以后是什么样子。前面提到“擦完挡风玻璃后欣赏自己的成果”，而这一次“欣赏”是又一次，所以用again。
18．A.lesson B．subject
C．skill D．fact
A　解析：“我”感觉这是“我”学到的一课。作者是一名学生，在现实生活中，他从擦车老人的忙碌过程中学到一课。
19．A.business B．living
C．success D．right
B　解析：如果身体健康并愿意工作，人在任何年纪都不应该靠乞讨为生。
20．A.tired B．doubtful
C．fearful D．ashamed
D　解析：这一部分呼应开头——“我”假期早上通常在睡觉，“我”为年轻的自己无所事事而感到羞愧。

专题强化训练21　记叙文(一)[学生用书P117(单独成册)]
A
(2017·长春监测二)When my husband Ian died in 2014, ten days after being diagnosed with cancer, I was completely broken up. He was just 54. We’d planned to __1__ together and live the years to the fullest.
At first, the __2__ of spending the following years of my life without him left me feeling __3__. I was in deep __4__ having lost him. But as time passed, I began to __5__ that life is so precious, and none of us can __6__ what’s around the corner.
I realized I could sit at home and __7__ Ian, __8__ I could make the most of every moment of my life. Three months __9__ he died, a friend mentioned a choir run by a __10__ Tenovus Cancer Care, which was for anyone __11__ by cancer. I’ve __12__ loved to sing, so I agreed. That decision really has changed my __13__．
We rehearse(排练) once a week and perform __14__ to raise money. We sing inspiring songs like You’ve Got a Friend which really __15__all of us.
Spending time with the choir, I have not only made a whole new friendship circle, but I feel so __16__， which has been fantastic for my __17__ well­being.
I __18__ money for the charity too, including traveling a long way to Machu Picchu, where I scattered(播撒) some of Ian’s ashes. I know Ian would __19__ my decision to look after myself.
Living a good life, and finding ways to enjoy my retirement, is the best __20__ I can offer him.
[解题导语]　本文描述了作者在突然失去丈夫后的迷茫以及走出阴霾、积极面对生活的心路历程。
1．A.die　　　　　　 　　 B．retire
C．live D．sing
B　解析：根据上文提到了作者丈夫去世时的年龄为54岁及文章最后一段中的retirement可知，此处指作者与丈夫之前曾计划过一起退休(retire)后的生活。故选B项。
2．A.feeling B．thought
C．sense D．hope
B　解析：丈夫的去世让作者崩溃，由此可以推断，此处指作者对未来生活的担忧，thought意为“想法”更符合语境。故选B项。feeling意为“感觉；情感”；sense意为“感觉；理解力”；hope意为“希望”。
3．A.lost B．tired
C．excited D．relaxed
A　解析：根据常识可知，丈夫突然去世作者应是感到迷茫的(lost)。故选A项。tired意为“困倦的；累的”；excited意为“兴奋的”；relaxed意为“放松的”。
4．A.trouble B．breath
C．shock D．regret
C　解析：从原来美好的憧憬到突然的失去，让作者备受打击。shock意为“打击；震惊”，符合语境。故选C项。trouble意为“麻烦；困难”；breath意为“呼出的气；一口气”；regret意为“懊悔；悔恨”。
5．A.wonder B．understand
C．forget D．remember
B　解析：根据设空后的life is so precious及下文中对作者参加活动的描述可知，随着时间的推移，作者明白了生命的珍贵。wonder意为“想知道”；understand意为“理解；懂得”；forget意为“忘记”；remember意为“记得”。故选B项。
6．A.change B．doubt
C．predict D．leave
C　解析：根据设空后的around the corner可知，此处指没有人能预测即将发生什么。change意为“改变”；doubt意为“怀疑”；predict意为“预测”；leave意为“离开；离职”。故选C项。
7．A.mourn for B．wait for
C．look after D．talk with
A　解析：作者意识到生命的珍贵，因此此处要作出选择，要么在家哀悼丈夫，要么积极面对生活。mourn for意为“悼念”，符合语境。故选A项。wait for意为“等待”；look after意为“照顾”；talk with意为“与……交谈”。
8．A.and B．so
C．for D．or
D　解析：此处表示作者的不同选择：是待在家中悼念还是走出去积极面对生活，could sit at home and ________ Ian与could make the most of every moment of my life之间为选择关系。故选D项。
9．A.before B．after
C．since D．as
B　解析：此处表达在作者丈夫去世三个月之后，故选B项。
10．A.charity B．company
C．club D．hospital
A　解析：根据后文的to raise money及倒数第二段的the charity可知，这是一个慈善机构。故选A项。
11．A.killed B．defeated
C．scared D．affected
D　解析：作者的丈夫死于癌症，而作者参加这样的活动得以改变人生，由此可推断，这个机构的目的在于帮助像作者这样受癌症影响的人。kill意为“杀害”；defeat意为“打败”；scare意为“惊吓”；affect意为“影响”。故选D项。
12．A.hardly B．seldom
C．always D．often
C　解析：此处表示作者一直喜欢唱歌，所以参加慈善机构的排练活动。故选C项。
13．A.mind B．life
C．dream D．goal
B　解析：根据下文的描述可知，参加慈善演唱的决定改变了作者的生活，使作者从悲伤中走了出来。故选B项。
14．A.dances B．plays
C．services D．concerts
D　解析：根据文中提到的关键信息rehearse和We sing inspiring songs可知，此处应与歌唱和排练相呼应，指举行音乐会来筹钱。故选D项。
15．A.amuse B．interest
C．push D．impress
D　解析：根据inspiring songs可知，这些歌曲给作者他们留下了深刻的印象。amuse意为“使愉快”；interest意为“使感兴趣”；push意为“推动；逼迫”；impress意为“使钦佩；给……留下深刻的印象”。故选D项。
16．A.skillful B．cautious
C．secure D．positive
D　解析：根据I have not only made a whole new friendship circle可知，作者建立了新的朋友圈，说明这些活动让作者走出阴霾，从而积极面对生活。skillful意为“熟练的”；cautious意为“谨慎的”；secure意为“安全的”；positive意为“积极的”。故选D项。
17．A.mental B．physical
C．social D．economic
A　解析：作者通过参加这些活动走出阴霾，说明作者拥有了良好的心理(mental)状态。故选A项。physical意为“身体的”；social意为“社会的”；economic意为“经济上的”。
18．A.spend B．save
C．raise D．earn
C　解析：作者除了与合唱团一起为慈善尽力，自己也通过个人活动来筹集善款。spend意为“花费”；save意为“储蓄；存钱”；raise意为“筹集”；earn意为“赚；挣”。故选C项。
19．A.approve of B．care about
C．be opposed to D．be sorry about
A　解析：作者走出悲伤，积极乐观地生活，相信丈夫会支持她好好生活。approve of意为“赞成”，符合语境。故选A项。care about意为“关心”；be opposed to意为“反对”；be sorry about意为“对……感到抱歉”。
20．A.award B．experience
C．comfort D．help
C　解析：文章最后是作者的感悟：好好生活便是对丈夫最好的慰藉。award意为“奖励”；experience意为“体验；经历”；comfort意为“安慰；慰藉”；help意为“帮助”。故选C项。
B
(2017·唐山一模)At 18, I was on the flight to Europe for the first time. Excited about the __1__ of a lifetime, I enjoyed a free in­flight meal. I even __2__ a sandwich for later.
At the Lisbon airport, I got my backpack off the __3__ conveyer(传送带) with the help of another __4__. I got to the youth hostel(青年旅社) I’d booked before. But I had only one day to see everything, so barely stopping to __5__ after my overnight flight, I headed out to take photos of various buildings.
The next morning at 6 a．m., I was to __6__ to Brussels. I set my alarm for a super­early start, but I was __7__ whether the button on the top had to be up or down. Obviously, I had made a __8__ because the next morning I __9__ only a short while before sunrise. I __10__， took my belongings and rushed to the bus stop. I was extremely __11__ with the bus driver pulling over every few minutes. __12__ what seemed ages, I arrived, only to be told it was too late. Tears streamed down my cheeks. Fortunately, the friendly lady at the desk __13__ to put me on the flight the next morning at no extra cost. What a __14__！
__15__， I had to spend the next 22 hours at the airport. By late afternoon, I was truly __16__ sitting all day. Then I got to know a young man who __17__ parcels to and from the airport. So I asked him to take me out for the evening. To my surprise, he accepted my __18__ without hesitation. Oh! All the beautiful palaces and ancient buildings!
This was fun for me at least; there was a man to keep my __19__ and I had enough time to take in sights without any __20__. He even dropped me off just before 4 a．m. That was my first adventure.
[解题导语]　作者在18岁的时候，第一次去欧洲旅行，兴奋之情难以言表。文章讲述了作者在旅行过程中经历的一些有趣而又刺激的事。
1．A.story B．purpose
C．adventure D．freedom
C　解析：根据文章最后一段最后一句That was my first adventure.可知，作者认为这是一次冒险之旅。故选C项。story意为“故事”；purpose意为“目的”；freedom意为“自由”。
2．A.turned down B．set up
C．turned in D．set aside
D　解析：上文讲到作者非常兴奋，在享受了飞机上的一顿免费的餐食后，甚至还拿了一块三明治留着一会儿吃。turn down意为“调低；拒绝(请求、建议等)”；set up意为“建立；成立”；turn in意为“上交”；set aside意为“留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)”。根据空后的for later可知选D项。
3．A.baggage B．petrol
C．food D．rubbish
A　解析：根据常识，在机场应该是从行李(baggage)传送带上拿到自己的背包。故选A项。petrol意为“汽油”；food意为“食物”；rubbish意为“垃圾”。
4．A.pilot B．passenger
C．clerk D．cleaner
B　解析：作者是去旅游，此时刚下飞机，根据another提示此处指与作者一类的人，指另外一位乘客(passenger)。故选B项。pilot意为“飞行员”；clerk意为“职员”；cleaner意为“清洁工”。
5．A.rest B．play
C．think D．explain
A　解析：因为只有一天的时间，所以作者为了多看一些地方，几乎没停下来休息。故选A项。
6．A.drive B．fly
C．hike D．swim
B　解析：根据本段倒数第二句中的on the flight可知，作者于第二天一早飞往(fly)布鲁塞尔。故选B项。
7．A.concerned B．curious
C．afraid D．uncertain
D　解析：作者定好闹钟准备第二天一大早出发，但是不知道那个按钮该向上还是向下，下文中提到作者搞错了，结果耽误了时间。由此可知，作者当时对闹钟的那个按钮不是很确定。concerned意为“担忧的”；curious意为“好奇的”；afraid意为“害怕的”；uncertain意为“不确定的”。故选D项。
8．A.mistake B．difference
C．plan D．decision
A　解析：根据下文作者耽误了时间，没有赶上飞机可知，应该是弄错了按钮。make a mistake意为“搞错了”，符合语境。故选A项。make a difference意为“有影响；起作用”；make a plan意为“制订计划”；make a decision意为“作决定”。
9．A.woke B．wrote
C．slept D．stayed
A　解析：设定闹钟就是为了早上按时醒来，搞错了按钮一定是醒得迟了。故选A项。
10．A.washed B．panicked
C．laughed D．cooked
B　解析：根据空后的took my belongings and rushed to the bus stop和后文的what seemed ages可知，作者起床晚了，所以慌了神，抓起行李就冲向车站。wash意为“洗”；panic意为“(使)惊慌失措”；laugh意为“大笑”；cook意为“烹饪”。根据语境可知选B项。
11．A.worried B．impolite
C．impatient D．content
C　解析：当时作者正在赶时间，看到公交车每隔几分钟就停靠在路边肯定是不耐烦的(impatient)。故选C项。worried意为“焦虑的”；impolite意为“无礼的”；content意为“满意的；满足的”。
12．A.While B．Before
C．When D．After
D　解析：设空后是一段时间，作者当时在赶时间，而且感觉公交车特别慢，因此此处是经过了好像很长的时间，终于到了，结果却被告知太迟了。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。故选D项。
13．A.offered B．attempted
C．aimed D．paused
A　解析：虽然迟到了，但是幸运的是服务台的人愿意给作者安排第二天早上的飞机，不收取额外费用。offer to do意为“愿意做(某事)”，符合语境。故选A项。attempt意为“尝试”；aim意为“力求达到”；pause意为“暂停；停顿”。
14．A.pity B．bargain
C．relief D．loss
C　解析：虽然迟到了，但是还可以坐第二天早上的飞机，且没有增加额外费用，这让作者深感欣慰。What a pity意为“真可惜”；What a bargain意为“真便宜”；What a relief意为“真让人宽慰”；What a loss意为“多大的损失啊”。故选C项。
15．A.Anyway B．However
C．Besides D．Otherwise
B　解析：虽然松了一口气，但是还要在机场等22个小时，上下文是转折关系。anyway意为“无论如何”；however意为“然而”；besides意为“另外”；otherwise意为“否则”。故选B项。
16．A.interested in B．guilty of
C．delighted with D．bored from
D　解析：根据空后的sitting all day可知，到傍晚时，作者已经坐了一天，所以感到很无聊。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”；be guilty of意为“对……感到内疚”；be delighted with意为“对……感到高兴”；be bored from意为“对……感到无聊”。故选D项。
17．A.delivered B．loaded
C．sewed D．classified
A　解析：根据空后的parcels to and from the airport可知，作者认识了一个来往机场投递包裹的年轻人。deliver意为“递送”；load意为“把……装上；装货”；sew意为“缝纫”；classify意为“将……分类”。本句中的parcels是提示词，只能与deliver搭配。故选A项。
18．A.offer B．request
C．opinion D．explanation
B　解析：根据上文中的I asked him to take me out for the evening可知，作者请求他晚上把作者带出去，而他接受了作者的请求。offer意为“提供；提议；出价”；request意为“请求”；opinion意为“意见”；explanation意为“解释”。故选B项。
19．A.belongings B．photos
C．company D．secret
C　解析：有一个人陪着作者，作者有足够的时间观赏美景。belongings意为“财产”；photo意为“照片”；company意为“陪伴”；secret意为“秘密”。故选C项。
20．A.rush B．doubt
C．emotion D．comfort
A　解析：有这位年轻人陪伴看夜景，而且还在凌晨的时候开车送作者去机场，不耽误飞机，由此可知，作者不用匆匆忙忙地赶时间了。rush意为“赶紧；匆忙”；doubt意为“不确定；怀疑”；emotion意为“强烈的情感；激情”；comfort意为“安慰；慰藉”。故选A项。
C
(2017·河南实验中学模拟)Life is to be lived. No excuses. No reservations(保留). No holding back.
A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once __1__ a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he __2__ raised the money for the violin, he returned to __3__ it and learned that it had already been sold to a(n) __4__．
He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to __5__ him to sell the violin. __6__， the collector said it was one of his prized possessions and that he could not let it go. Kreisler felt __7__ and turned to leave, but then asked a favor, “May I play the instrument once more __8__ it is put away？”
__9__ was given and the great musician began to play. The __10__ sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in __11__. “I have no __12__ to keep that to myself，” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let people __13__ it.”
You and I are excellent violins—our __14__ is meant to be heard.
I want to live my __15__ that way—to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather burn out than rust out. I’d rather be __16__ than die not having done whatever I could.
I’m not talking about __17__ ourselves by doing too much. Happiness is never found in excessive busyness. But it is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when asked for a hand. __18__ to work for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a __19__ relative.
In the end, I know that my happiness is not about my ability or my inability. It is about how much I __20__ to others.
[解题导语]　一把小提琴的美妙乐音理应被世人欣赏，一个人的生命也需要活得精彩，而精彩的人生源于帮助他人，实现自我价值。
1．A.found out B．came across
C．came to D．picked out
B　解析：根据下文可知，小提琴家弗里茨·克赖斯勒有一次看见了自己想要的一把小提琴，等他凑够了钱再回去买时，却被告知已被人买走了。find out意为“找出；查明”；come across意为“无意中发现”；come to意为“(形式)成为……；总计为”；pick out意为“挑选出”。故选B项。
2．A.slowly B．actually
C．eventually D．regularly
C　解析：根据后文他被告知小提琴已被人买走了可知，小提琴家是经过一段时间终于凑够了钱才去买的。slowly意为“慢慢地”；actually意为“事实上”；eventually意为“终于”；regularly意为“定期地”。故选C项。
3．A.buy B．play
C．pick D．get
A　解析：根据空后的it had already been sold及下文中的________him to sell the violin可知，弗里茨·克赖斯勒是凑够钱想去买小提琴的。故选A项。
4．A.owner B．performer
C．player D．collector
D　解析：根据后文的the collector said it was one of his prized possessions可知，小提琴的新主人是一位收藏家(collector)。故选D项。
5．A.force B．persuade
C．advise D．ask
B　解析：弗里茨·克赖斯勒十分想买那把小提琴，下文中又有收藏家坚决不卖的细节，由此可知，此处应该是弗里茨·克赖斯勒试着说服收藏家把小提琴卖给他。force意为“迫使”；persuade意为“说服”；advise意为“建议”；ask意为“要求”。故选B项。
6．A.Therefore B．Besides
C．However D．Otherwise
C　解析：弗里茨·克赖斯勒希望收藏家把小提琴卖给他，而收藏家却说那把小提琴是他最宝贵的财产之一。由此可知，上下文是转折关系。therefore意为“因此”；besides意为“此外”；however意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则”。故选C项。
7．A.disappointed B．angry
C．helpless D．desperate
A　解析：收藏家没有把小提琴卖给购琴心切的弗里茨·克赖斯勒，所以他一定感到失望。disappointed意为“失望的”，符合语境。故选A项。angry意为“愤怒的”；helpless意为“无助的”；desperate意为“绝望的”。
8．A.unless B．after
C．until D．before
D　解析：弗里茨·克赖斯勒爱琴却得不到琴，所以请求在小提琴被收起来之前(before)用它演奏一曲。故选D项。
9．A.Judgment B．Permission
C．Award D．Appreciation
B　解析：根据下文小提琴家弗里茨·克赖斯勒开始演奏可知，他获得了允许。judgment意为“看法；判断力”；permission意为“允许；许可”；award意为“奖品”；appreciation意为“欣赏”。故选B项。
10．A.violin B．musician
C．singer D．violinist
A　解析：根据上文可知，此处应是小提琴发出无比悦耳的声音。故选A项。
11．A.amazement B．agreement
C．puzzlement D．embarrassment
A　解析：此处为so...that...引导结果状语从句，指小提琴在音乐家的演奏下发出了无比悦耳的声音，再根据下文收藏家将小提琴送给弗里茨·克赖斯勒可知，此处指收藏家大为惊讶。amazement意为“吃惊；惊奇”；agreement意为“同意”；puzzlement意为“迷惑；困惑”；embarrassment意为“尴尬”。故选A项。
12．A.freedom B．right
C．interest D．money
B　解析：根据下文收藏家说的话“The violin is yours...Take it into the world...”可知，收藏家认为自己没有权力将它据为己有，应该让小提琴家把它带到世间，让所有人都听到它的乐音。故选B项。
13．A.see B．know
C．feel D．hear
D　解析：这里是指让世人听到美妙的琴声。故选D项。
14．A.story B．sound
C．music D．message
C　解析：此处是作者发出的感慨：如果你我是精美的小提琴——那么我们的音乐就应该被世人听到。此处指小提琴发出的美妙音乐，而不仅仅是某种声音。故选C项。
15．A.life B．dream
C．hobby D．reality
A　解析：此处与文章开头Life is to be lived.呼应，再根据空后的live it fully可知，作者希望能如此对待自己的生命——来到世间，竭尽全力地生活。故选A项。
16．A.hung up B．put up
C．used up D．dressed up
C　解析：上文提到I’d rather burn out than rust out.(我宁愿将自己燃尽，也不愿让自己锈迹斑斑)，紧接着一个同样的句型I’d rather...than die not having done whatever I could.含义也应该相近。hang up意为“挂断电话”；put up意为“张贴；搭建；提供住宿”；use up意为“用尽”；dress up意为“打扮”。C项符合语境。句意为：我宁愿将生命全部耗尽，也不愿临死之时自己能做的事情都没做。
17．A.exhausting B．requesting
C．fighting D．changing
A　解析：本句承上启下，既是对上文中感叹生活的解释，同时也引出下文关于幸福的真谛。结合空后的by doing too much可知，此处指不是要我们过度劳累从而变得精疲力竭。exhaust意为“耗尽”，符合语境。故选A项。request意为“要求”；fight意为“战斗”；change意为“改变”。
18．A.Struggle B．Volunteer
C．Manage D．Promise
B　解析：上文提到“幸福不在于过度忙碌，而在于帮助他人”，因此应该为一个值得花费精力的组织去做一个志愿者。struggle意为“奋斗；挣扎”；volunteer意为“志愿(做某事)”；manage意为“设法做”；promise意为“许诺”。故选B项。
19．A.special B．close
C．tired D．lonely
D　解析：根据Spend an hour可知，此处指花费时间陪伴孤独的(lonely)亲戚。故选D项。special意为“特殊的”；close意为“亲密的”；tired意为“疲劳的”。
20．A.turn B．treat
C．give D．adapt
C　解析：文章最后几段作者的感悟都是在强调帮助别人获得快乐，所以此处指能给予就是快乐的。故选C项。
专题强化训练22　记叙文(二)[学生用书P119(单独成册)]
A
(2017·甘肃第一次诊断)As a child, Jane was fond of animals. As a consequence, when she was growing up, all she ever heard was as follows, “Jane, you should be a(n) __1__. You’re going to achieve great success in that field. That’s the very thing you should do in the future.” So when she got to the Ohio State University, she took biology, chemistry and some other __2__， studying hard to be a vet.
Later on, she won a Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship，which allowed her to spend her __3__ year studying abroad in Manchester, England. Away from the family and the __4__ from them, she found herself one day sitting at her desk, surrounded by biology books and staring out of the window, when it suddenly hit her：“I’m in total __5__. I don’t want to be a vet！”
__6__ she thought back over all the things she’d done in her life and what had made her happy. And then it hit her—it was all of the youth leadership conferences that she had volunteered at __7__ the communications and leadership courses she had taken as selective courses back at Ohio State. “How could I have been so __8__？ Here I am in my fourth year at school and just finally __9__ that I’m on the wrong path. I just never took the time to __10__ it until now，” she thought.
__11__ by her new thought, Jane spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in communications and media studies. When __12__ to Ohio State, she was __13__ able to convince the administration to let her create her own program in “leadership studies”， __14__ it took her 2 years longer to finally graduate. She __15__ to become a senior management adviser in leadership training and development for the Pentagon. She __16__ founded a drug­prevention organization that __17__ the message, “Lead your own life with the skill and the __18__ to say no.”
So, never __19__ someone else’s dreams. If you limit your __20__ only to what seems possible or reasonable, you disconnect yourself from what you truly want.
[解题导语]　文章讲述了从小喜欢小动物的简，一开始由于受到外界的影响，把当一名兽医、关爱动物作为自己的理想，并在大学学习了相关专业。后来发现，自己真正喜欢的是社交和管理专业，于是简作出了改变，最后取得了成就。
1．A.engineer　　　　　　　 B．programmer
C．doctor D．vet
D　解析：根据文章第一句提到的简小时候很喜欢动物，以及该段最后一句中的vet可知，简总是听人说她长大后应该成为一名兽医(vet)。故选D项。
2．A.subjects B．objects
C．projects D．programs
A　解析：根据设空前的biology，chemistry可知，此处指简在大学里学习生物、化学还有其他课程。subject意为“课程”；object意为“物体”；project意为“工程”；program意为“项目”。故选A项。
3．A.first B．second
C．final D．past
C　解析：根据第三段中的fourth year可知，简大学最后(final)一年在英国留学。故选C项。
4．A.promise B．stress
C．complaint D．press
B　解析：由第一段可知，简在家里的时候，家人在她未来职业的选择上对她的干预比较大，而在英国学习期间，远离了家人，也就没有了来自家人的压力。promise意为“许诺”；stress意为“压力”；complaint意为“抱怨”；press意为“按，压”。故选B项。
5．A.vain B．misery
C．delight D．surprise
B　解析：根据下文简所说的话I don’t want to be a vet！可知，简很痛苦。in misery意为“痛苦地”，符合语境。故选B项。in vain意为“徒劳；无用”；in delight意为“高兴地”；in surprise意为“惊讶地”。
6．A.Then B．Instead
C．Perhaps D．Seldom
A　解析：空后是说她开始回忆过去所做的事情和那些让她高兴的事情。回忆这些事情是发生在她发现自己不想做兽医之后，故选A项，意为“然后”。instead意为“反而”；perhaps意为“或许；可能”；seldom意为“很少；不常”。
7．A.but B．or
C．and D．so
C　解析：根据语境，youth leadership conferences和communications and leadership courses都是简喜欢的事情，它们之间为并列关系。故选C项。
8．A.disturbed B．ignorant
C．intelligent D．lucky
B　解析：根据语境，简喜欢的是社交和管理方面的课程，而不是兽医。这里表达的意思是“我怎么如此无知，大学四年级了才意识到选错了路(专业)”。ignorant意为“无知的”，符合语境。故选B项。disturbed意为“不安的；烦恼的”；intelligent意为“聪明的”；lucky意为“幸运的”。
9．A.aware B．unconscious
C．afraid D．satisfied
A　解析：由语境可知，简想换专业，也就是说她意识到当初选错了路(专业)。aware意为“意识到的”；unconscious意为“无意识的”；afraid意为“害怕的”；satisfied意为“满意的”。故选A项。
10．A.complete B．accomplish
C．permit D．admit
D　解析：此处为never/not...until结构。句中it指的是上文所说的“自己当初选错了专业”，因此，此处指直到现在她才承认这一点。complete意为“结束”；accomplish意为“完成；实现”；permit意为“允许”；admit意为“承认”。故选D项。
11．A.Inspired B．Disappointed
C．Embarrassed D．Confused
A　解析：根据空后的Jane spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in communications and media studies可知，简受到新想法的激励，开始学习通信和传媒专业。inspire意为“鼓舞；激励”；disappoint意为“使失望”；embarrass意为“使尴尬”；confuse意为“使困惑”。故选A项。
12．A.relating B．returning
C．responding D．referring
B　解析：简本是在俄亥俄州大学学习，后获得奖学金去英国学习，此时指在英国学习结束后，简返回美国俄亥俄州。return to意为“返回”，符合语境。故选B项。relate to意为“与……相关”；respond to意为“回应”；refer to意为“涉及”。
13．A.eventually B．especially
C．hardly D．desperately
A　解析：简最终说服了学校的行政部门让自己创办自己的“领导课程”，尽管这让她毕业的时间延迟了两年。eventually意为“最终”；especially意为“尤其，特别”；hardly意为“几乎不”；desperately意为“绝望地，孤注一掷地”。根据语境可知选A项。
14．A.if B．as
C．although D．despite
C　解析：“说服行政部门让自己创办自己的课程”和“延迟毕业”两者之间是让步关系，故选C项。
15．A.managed B．failed
C．tried D．attempted
A　解析：根据语境，简成为五角大楼领导力培训与发展的一名高级管理顾问。这里描述的是她的成功，所以选managed，manage to do意为“成功做”。fail意为“失败；未能做”；try意为“努力”；attempt意为“尝试”。
16．A.still B．never
C．again D．also
D　解析：她还创办了毒品预防组织，这是在成为高级顾问之后又一个成功之处。所以用also，表递进。故选D项。
17．A.proves B．conveys
C．concludes D．warns
B　解析：prove意为“证明”；convey意为“传递”；conclude意为“结束”；warn意为“警告”。这里指的是传递一种信息，故选B项。
18．A.fact B．chance
C．will D．truth
C　解析：fact意为“事实”；chance意为“机会”；will意为“意志；意愿”；truth意为“真理”。由常识可知，在人生道路的选择过程中，抵御外界干扰需要的是“意志力”。故选C项。
19．A.ignore B．break
C．realize D．live
D　解析：此处提到的梦想就是第一段所说的周围的人根据简喜欢小动物给她描绘未来当兽医的理想。ignore意为“忽视”；break意为“打破”；realize意为“实现”；live one’s dreams意为“实践某人的梦想”。故选D项。句意为：所以，决不能去实践别人的梦想。
20．A.smiles B．choices
C．mistakes D．reasons
B　解析：句意为：如果你把人生的选择仅局限在看似可能发生的和合理的事情上，那么你就会与你真正想成为的人失之交臂。smile意为“微笑”；choice意为“选择”；mistake意为“错误”；reason意为“理由”。故选B项。
B
(2017·河北石家庄高中毕业班第一次模拟)On our first anniversary, Jack bought a bottle of Casaque, a kind of expensive cologne(古龙香水) for me. “We agreed to save the money for your postgraduate education，” I said somewhat half­heartedly as I took it out from a beautifully­wrapped packet. “I am unable not to give something __1__to the world’s most beautiful bride, honey！” I held it to my __2__， and smelled the most pleasant flavor I could ever __3__. Looking down at my __4__blue jeans and ugly, ragged tennis shoes, I wondered if I could ever be worthy of it. But I would __5__. I used only a little of it every time __6__Jack graduated and our life was financially easier. It’s a __7__ of the foolish love of a young husband.
Then one day three­year­old Jim was sitting on the floor __8__the empty cologne bottle. His lips wet, he was making a(n) __9__face. He drank my __10__cologne! “Jack, come quick.” I cried. “Can cologne __11__my baby? Jim drank the rest of it！” “It’s mostly just alcohol, honey，” Jack __12__me. Little Jim was fine, and my concern for my child was __13__. I now felt __14__to see the empty cologne bottle.
A few weeks later, Jack bought another bottle of my beloved cologne. I __15__ it as much as I had done to the earlier one. __16__， it became three­quarters empty. I thought it best to buy another __17__. But the shop assistant told me that there wasn’t even a maker of that brand any more.
Now I only use my special cologne on very important occasions, because there will be __18__to replace it when these last few precious __19__are gone. But from the bottom of my heart it’s not three­quarters empty but still one­quarter full. Perhaps if I’m very careful, I can __20__using it for the rest of my life.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。全文围绕一瓶“古龙香水”展开叙述，平淡的叙述中充满了对丈夫和家庭的爱。
1．A.special B．terrible
C．practical D．cheap
A　解析：根据上文中的“a kind of expensive cologne(古龙香水)”可知，此处是说，“我”的丈夫说他无法不给世界上最漂亮的新娘一个特别的(special)东西，故A项正确。B项意为“可怕的”， C项意为“实用的”， D项意为“便宜的”，都与语境不符。
2．A.nose B．eye
C．hand D．mouth
A　解析：根据该句中的“smelled the most pleasant flavor”可以判断，“我”将这瓶古龙香水放在鼻子(nose)旁。故A项正确。
3．A.afford B．imagine
C．touch D．describe
B　解析：根据该句中的“smelled the most pleasant flavor I could ever ______”及常识可知，此处表示“我”闻到了从未想象(imagine)过的最好闻的味道。A项意为“承担得起”， C项意为“触摸”，D项意为“描述”，都与语境不符。
4．A.clumsy B．unique
C．faded D．stylish
C　解析：根据该句中的“and ugly, ragged tennis shoes”可以判断，空处与形容词“ugly, ragged”对应，据此可知，该处是说“看着我的褪色的(faded)蓝色牛仔裤”，故C项正确。A项意为“笨拙的”，B项意为“特别的”，D项意为“时髦的”，都与语境不符。
5．A.act B．try
C．insist D．withdraw
B　解析：根据空处前一句中的“I wondered if I could ever be worthy of it”可知，“我”衣着陈旧，不知道自己是否值得这瓶古龙香水；结合该句中的But可知，“我”还是想试试(try)。 A项意为“行动”，C项意为“坚持”，D项意为“撤回”，都与语境不符。
6．A.unless B．even if
C．until D．even after
D　解析：根据该句中的“and our life was financially easier”可知，此处应指的是即使在Jack毕业之后，故D项符合语境。A项意为“除非”，B项意为“即使”，C项意为“直到”，都与语境不符。
7．A.cost B．consequence
C．standard D．symbol
D　解析：根据语境可知，这瓶古龙香水是一位年轻的丈夫愚蠢的爱的象征(symbol)。A项意为“成本”，B项意为“结果”，C项意为“标准”，都与语境不符。
8．A.looking for B．holding
C．reaching for D．filling
B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，一天“我”的三岁的儿子Jim坐在地板上，握着(holding)那个空的古龙香水瓶子，故B项正确。A项意为“寻找”，C项意为“伸手去拿”，D项意为“装满”，都与语境不符。
9．A.amused B．excited
C．awful D．happy
C　解析：根据该句中的“His lips wet”和下文中的“He drank my ______cologne”可知，儿子的嘴唇湿润，他喝光了“我”的古龙香水；结合常识可知，香水很难喝，他做着可怕的(awful)表情，故C项正确。A项意为“逗乐的”， B项意为“兴奋的”， D项意为“幸福的”，都与语境不符。
10．A.precious B．poisonous
C．dangerous D．magical
A　解析：根据第一段中的“expensive”及“I used only a little of it every time... love of a young husband.”可知，他喝下了“我”的珍贵的(precious)古龙香水。B项意为“有毒的”，C项意为“危险的”，D项意为“有魔力的”，都与语境不符。
11．A.attract B．hurt
C．frighten D．please
B　解析：根据语境可知，古龙香水会伤害(hurt)“我”的孩子吗？Jim喝下了剩余的香水！故B项正确。A项意为“吸引”，C项意为“使害怕”，D项意为“使高兴”，都与语境不符。
12．A.criticized B．encouraged
C．educated D．comforted
D　解析：根据前一句“It’s mostly just alcohol, honey”可知，Jack安慰(comforted)“我”说，那大部分只是酒精，不会有什么伤害，故D项正确。A项意为“批评”，B项意为“鼓励”，C项意为“教育”，都与语境不符。
13．A.relieved B．increased
C．confirmed D．developed
A　解析：根据该句中的“Little Jim was fine”可知，Jim平安无事；据此可以判断，“我”对孩子的担心减轻(relieved)了。B项意为“增加”，C项意为“确定”，D项意为“发展”，都与语境不符。
14．A.grateful B．nervous
C．heartbroken D．desperate
C　解析：根据该句中的“to see the empty cologne bottle”，并结合第一段最后一句可知，这瓶古龙香水是丈夫对“我”的爱的象征，据此可以判断，看到这个空的古龙香水瓶子，“我”感到心碎(heartbroken)，故C项正确。A项意为“感激的”，B项意为“紧张的”，D项意为“绝望的”，都与语境不符。
15．A.resisted B．wasted
C．protected D．prized
D　解析：根据该句中的“as much as I had done to the earlier one”可以判断，“我”对丈夫新买的这瓶古龙香水和第一次买的那瓶一样珍视(prized)，故D项正确。A项意为“抵制”，B项意为“浪费”，C项意为“保护”，都与语境不符。
16．A.So B．Still
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
B　解析：根据语境可知，尽管“我”珍视这瓶香水，但是仍然(still)用完了四分之三。故B项正确。
17．A.bottle B．brand
C．flavor D．color
A　解析：根据语境可知，用了四分之三后，“我”认为最好再去购买一瓶(bottle)这样的香水，故A项正确。B项意为“牌子”，C项意为“味道”，D项意为“颜色”，都与语境不符。
18．A.some B．none
C．another D．more
B　解析：根据上一段中的“there wasn’t even a maker of that brand any more”可知，这种牌子的香水已经没有厂家生产了；据此可以判断，现在已经没有什么(none)能取代这瓶古龙香水了。故B项正确。
19．A.quarters B．packets
C．drops D．shops
C　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“当这瓶香水的最后几滴(drops)用完时”，故C项正确。
20．A.turn to B．devote to
C．count on D．decide on
C　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“如果我非常小心地使用，说不定我能指望(count on)我的余生一直用它”，故C项正确。A项意为“向……求助”，B项意为“奉献于……”，D项意为“决定……”，都与语境不符。
C
(2017·云南昆明高三复习教学质量检测)I lost my flat by accident, and then I discovered my car needed a new engine. That meant I would have to spend ￡ 1，000 to get the car back on the __1__. I suddenly found that I needed, first, somewhere to __2__and second, something to travel around__3__．
I was trying to decide what to do when I __4__the advertisement on a board: Converted(改装过的) ambulance __5__， ￡ 1，600. So I rang the number in the ad and __6__to go and see it. It was love at first sight! I made a __7__straight away. Two days later I was the __8__owner of a converted camper van(野营车)．
At first I was __9__. I wasn’t sure whether I could handle it. __10__， gradually I’ve had feelings that I haven’t __11__before. Living in my van is just the __12__of waking up in the morning, and, for the first few seconds, not knowing __13__you are. Then you look out of the window; some strange trees __14__you, and some beautiful scenery makes your heart beat __15__. Living in a flat in the city I missed all that.
Now I begin to __16__what the travelers have been telling us. Living in a van is cheap. No rent. What’s more, there’s the sense of __17__my new lifestyle has given me. I love being able to go where I want and when I want. It’s __18__to feel that the whole world is your home. It is no __19__that so many people are __20__their houses and going on the road.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”的车发动机坏了，修理费很昂贵。偶然间“我”看中了一辆由救护车改装的野营车，立即买下了它。在这辆车里，“我”既可以居住，又可以旅游，觉得世界就是家，这种感觉真好。
1．A.side B．road
C．spot D．platform
B　解析：根据该句中的“get the car back on the______ ”可以判断，此处是说，让“我”的汽车重返上路(road)则要花费“我”1 000英镑。A项意为“旁边”，C项意为“斑点，污渍”，D项意为“平台”，都与语境不符。
2．A.drive B．relax
C．work D．live
D　解析：根据该句中的“somewhere”及上文中的“I lost my flat”可以判断，“我”突然意识到“我”首先需要有个地方居住(live)，故D项正确。A项意为“驾驶”，B项意为“放松”，C项意为“工作”，都与语境不符。
3．A.for B．through
C．in D．at
C　解析：根据该句中的“something to travel around ______”并结合常识可知，“我”还需要有一个坐在里面(in)驾驶着四处旅游的东西。故C项正确。
4．A.took charge of B．made use of
C．got hold of D．caught sight of
D　解析：根据该句中的“when I ______the advertisement on a board”可知，此处是说当“我”看到(caught sight of)公告牌上的广告时。A项意为“负责，控制”，B项意为“利用”，C项意为“抓住，找到”，都与语境不符。
5．A.for sale B．on show
C．in need D．under repair
A　解析：根据空后的“￡ 1，600”并结合空前的“advertisement”可知，这辆改装过的救护车是用来出售(for sale)的，故A项正确。B项意为“在展出”，C项意为“需要”，D项意为“在修理中”，都与语境不符。
6．A.failed B．arranged
C．applied D．hesitated
B　解析：根据该句中的“to go and see it”及后一句“It was love at first sight！”可知，“我”打进电话，并安排(arranged)时间去看看。A项意为“失败”，C项意为“申请”，D项意为“犹豫”，都与语境不符。
7．A.difference B．suggestion
C．decision D．comment
C　解析：根据前一句“It was love at first sight！”可知，“我”一下子就爱上它了，据此可知，“我”立即作出了决定，make a decision为固定搭配，意为“作出决定”。A项意为“差别”，B项意为“建议”，D项意为“评论”，都与语境不符。
8．A.proud B．painful
C．careless D．brave
A　解析：根据该句中的“owner of a converted camper van(野营车)”并结合前一句所表达的“我”立即作出决定可知，两天后“我”成了骄傲的(proud)野营车车主。B项意为“痛苦的”；C项意为“粗心的”； D项意为“勇敢的”，都与语境不符。
9．A.unwilling B．confident
C．satisfied D．nervous
D　解析：根据后一句“I wasn’t sure whether I could handle it.”可知，“我”不知道是否可以控制这辆车，据此可以判断，刚驾驶时，“我”有点紧张(nervous)，故D项正确。A项意为“不愿意的”；B项意为“自信的”；C项意为“满意的”，都与语境不符。
10．A.Therefore B．Otherwise
C．However D．Besides
C　解析：前一句说不确定是否可以控制这辆车，空后说逐渐能够掌握驾驶技能，并享受驾驶这辆车，据此可以判断，空处前后为转折关系，故C项正确。
11．A.suffered B．experienced
C．hurt D．controlled
B　解析：根据语境可知，该处表示“逐渐地，我有了未曾体验(experienced)过的感觉”，故B项正确。A项意为“遭受”，C项意为“弄伤”，D项意为“控制”，都与语境不符。
12．A.fear B．tiredness
C．excitement D．belief
C　解析：根据前一句可知，“我”体验到了以前未曾体验过的感觉，据此可以判断，早晨在车子里醒来是让人兴奋(excitement)的，故C项正确。A项意为“恐惧”，B项意为“疲倦”，D项意为“信念”，都与语境不符。
13．A.what B．where
C．how D．who
B　解析：根据该句中的“waking up in the morning, and，for the first few seconds, not knowing ______you are”并结合常识可以判断，早晨在车里醒来“我”很兴奋，在开始的几秒里，不知道自己在哪里(where)。
14．A.greet B．block
C．protect D．guide
A　解析：根据该句中的“some strange trees______you，and some beautiful scenery makes your heart beat______”可以判断，此处是说在清晨，“我”驾驶着爱车，窗外的树在和你打招呼(greet)，窗外的美景让你的心激动地(wildly)跳动。B项意为“阻塞”，C项意为“保护”，D项意为“指导”，都与语境不符。
15．A.softly B．strongly
C．normally D．wildly
D　解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“轻柔地”，B项意为“强烈地”，C项意为“正常地”，都与语境不符。
16．A.doubt B．refuse
C．appreciate D．ignore
C　解析：根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述在野营车里居住的种种优点，据此可以判断，“我”现在开始理解(appreciate)旅行者一直告诉我们的关于住在野营车里的优点。A项意为“怀疑”，B项意为“拒绝”，D项意为“忽视”，都与语境不符。
17．A.freedom B．duty
C．humor D．safety
A　解析：根据语境可知，此外，还有“我”的新生活方式给“我”的自由(freedom)感，故A项正确。B项意为“责任”，C项意为“幽默”，D项意为“安全”，都与语境不符。
18．A.terrible B．delightful
C．useful D．boring
B　解析：根据该句中的“to feel that the whole world is your home”可知，你会感觉到全世界就是你的家，据此可以判断，这种感觉是让人高兴的(delightful)，故B项正确。A项意为“可怕的”，C项意为“有用的”，D项意为“令人厌烦的”，都与语境不符。
19．A.chance B．way
C．possibility D．wonder
D　解析：根据该句中的“so many people are ______their houses and going on the road”可知，此处是说怪不得有那么多人要离开家，行驶在路上。 It is no wonder that...为固定句型，意为“并不奇怪，不足为奇”，故D项正确。
20．A.leaving B．designing
C．buying D．building
A　解析：参见上题解析。故A项正确。B项意为“设计”，C项意为“购买”，D项意为“建造”，都与语境不符。
专题强化训练23　夹叙夹议文(一)[学生用书P121(单独成册)]
A
(2017·山西考前适应性测试)My father, Danny Thomas, was a famous comedian, singer, actor, and producer with many fans. When I was a child I __1__ him. Once, my father made a(n) __2__ with Margaret O’Brien and he often took me to the set. I also wanted to be a movie star. Ten years later, at age seventeen, I got my __3__．
I played the lead in Gigi. However, the __4__ of finally being a real actress was painfully short­lived. All the interviews and all the reviews __5__ my father.
Would I be as good as my father? Would I be as popular? I was extremely __6__．
I loved my father, but my __7__ was just him.
“Daddy，” I began, “please don’t be __8__ when I tell you this. I want to change my __9__. I love you but I don’t want to be a Thomas anymore.”
I tried not to __10__ during the long silence. And then he said, “I raised you to be a thoroughbred(优秀的赛马). When thoroughbreds run, they wear blinders to keep their eyes focused straight __11__ with no disturbance, no other horses. They hear the crowd but they don’t __12__. They just run their own race. That’s what you have to do. Don’t listen to anyone __13__ you to me or to anyone else. You just run your own race.”
The next night __14__ the crowd filed into the theater, the stage manager __15__ me a white box with a red ribbon. I opened it up and inside was a pair of old horse blinders with a little note that __16__， “Run your own race, Baby.”
Run your own race, Baby. Dad could have said it a dozen other ways：“Be __17__”； “Don’t be influenced by others.” But it wouldn’t have been the same. He chose the right words at the right time. And all __18__ my life, I’ve been able to come to the point by asking myself, “Am I running my race or __19__ else’s？”
I thank my father for all his words that continue to live in my __20__．
[解题导语]　作者通过自己的经历让我们明白一个人生哲理：走好自己的路，让别人说去吧。
1．A.hated B．adored
C．feared D．avoided
B　解析：根据上文中提及的was a famous comedian, singer, actor, and producer with many fans可知，作者的父亲是一个著名的喜剧家、歌手、演员及制作人，而且有许多粉丝，因此，作者小时候很崇拜(adored)他。故选B项。hate意为“厌恶；憎恨”；fear意为“害怕；恐惧”；avoid意为“避免”。
2．A.movie B．album
C．record D．interview
A　解析：根据下文中的I also wanted to be a movie star.可知，此处指作者的父亲跟玛格丽特·奥布赖恩一起拍电影(movie)，他经常把作者带到拍摄现场。故选A项。album意为“相册；唱片”；record意为“记录”；interview意为“采访；面试”。
3．A.position B．award
C．degree D．chance
D　解析：根据下文中的I played the lead in Gigi.可知，作者也想成为一名电影明星，而她在电影《琪琪》中饰演主角，说明作者在17岁时得到了一次机会(chance)。故选D项。position意为“职位；位置”；award意为“荣誉；奖励”；degree意为“程度；学位”。
4．A.affection B．anxiety
C．excitement D．bitterness
C　解析：联系上文及常识可知，作者实现了当演员的梦想，心情一定是激动的。affection意为“感情；喜爱；感染”；anxiety意为“忧虑；担忧”；excitement意为“兴奋；激动”；bitterness意为“痛苦；悲痛；怨恨”。故选C项。句意为：然而痛苦的是，最终成为真正的女演员的激动并未持续很久。
5．A.focused on B．relied on
C．appealed to D．attended to
A　解析：根据下文中的Would I be as good as my father？及从上文可知作者的父亲很有名，所以记者都想从作者身上得到关于她父亲的各种相关信息。也就是说，所有的采访和评论的焦点都围绕着父亲。focus on意为“集中于”，故选A项。rely on意为“依靠；信赖”；appeal to意为“上诉；申诉；对……有吸引力；呼吁；恳求”；attend to意为“注意；致力于；关心；照料；护理”。
6．A.calm B．upset
C．touched D．guilty
B　解析：根据上文可推知，作者本来因为成为真正的演员而感到兴奋，但是几乎没有人关心她自己的努力，只关心她父亲的情况，所以她很心烦(upset)。故选B项。calm意为“冷静的”；touched意为“感动的”；guilty意为“内疚的；有罪的”。
7．A.belief B．limit
C．model D．problem
D　解析：作者由于外人都聚焦于父亲而无人关心她的努力而很苦恼，因此，此处指作者爱她的父亲，但她的问题(problem)就是他。故选D项。belief意为“信仰；信条”；limit意为“限制；局限”；model意为“模型；典型；模范”。
8．A.puzzled B．injured
C．hurt D．confused
C　解析：根据上文可知，作者因为她的父亲而心烦意乱，再结合下文内容，作者想改名字可知，她不想父亲因此受到伤害。puzzled意为“困惑的”；injured意为“受伤的”；hurt意为“受伤的”，可指身心受到伤害；confused意为“困惑的”。故选C项。
9．A.role B．name
C．school D．major
B　解析：根据下一句可知，作者不想再用托马斯这个姓了，因此，她想改掉名字(name)。故选B项。role意为“角色”；school意为“学校”；major意为“专业”。
10．A.cry B．smile
C．scream D．laugh
A　解析：根据语境，作者说出会让父亲受伤的话，自己肯定也不舒服。cry意为“哭泣”；smile意为“微笑”；scream意为“尖叫”；laugh意为“笑；嘲笑”。故选A项。句意为：在一阵长久的沉默中，我努力不去哭泣。
11．A.ahead B．around
C．about D．aside
A　解析：当赛马奔跑时，它们会戴着眼罩遮住自己的眼睛，以便把注意力集中在前方(ahead)，不受任何干扰，也不看其他的马。故选A项。
12．A.hesitate B．move
C．shout D．listen
D　解析：根据上文中的hear及but表转折可知，它们听到马群的声音，但是它们不去听，hear与listen相对应。故选D项。hesitate意为“犹豫；迟疑”；move意为“移动”；shout意为“呼喊”。
13．A.leading B．comparing
C．tying D．introducing
B　解析：从上文可知作者不能忍受媒体总是拿她跟她的父亲比较，还因此想改名，她的父亲劝她不要受他人评价的影响。结合下文“...You just run your own race.”可知，不要在意任何人把她跟父亲比较。lead意为“领导；带领”；compare意为“比较”；tie意为“系；打结；与……打成平局”；introduce意为“介绍；引进”。故选B项。
14．A.until B．though
C．as D．since
C　解析：句意为：第二天晚上，在观众排队进入影院的时候，舞台经理递给我一个系着一条红丝带的白色盒子。根据句意可知，设空处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。故选C项。until意为“直到”；though意为“尽管”；since意为“自从；既然；由于”，均不符合语境。
15．A.delivered B．handed
C．dropped D．pressed
B　解析：根据下文中的I opened it up可知，此处指舞台经理递给(handed)作者一个盒子。故选B项。deliver意为“邮寄；发表；接生”；drop意为“放弃；下降”；press意为“压；挤；推；施加压力”。
16．A.wrote B．showed
C．printed D．read
D　解析：设空后的“Run your own race, Baby.”是纸条上写的内容。write意为“写”；show意为“显示；说明”；print意为“印刷；打印”。此处指纸条上“写着”，应用read。故选D项。
17．A.grateful B．modest
C．independent D．considerate
C　解析：句意为：爸爸本来可以用许多其他方式说出这句话：“要独立(independent)”；“不要被其他人影响”。据上文可知，父亲的意思就是要独立，故选C项。grateful意为“感激的”；modest意为“谦虚的；谦逊的；适度的；端庄的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的；体贴的”，均不符合语境。
18．A.toward B．beyond
C．through D．behind
C　解析：句意为：在我整个(through)人生中，我已经能直奔主题扪心自问：“我现在是在参加自己的比赛还是其他人的呢？”all through后接时间表示“整个……”。toward意为“朝；向”；beyond意为“超出”；behind意为“在……后面”，均不符合语境。故选C项。
19．A.somebody B．everyone
C．nobody D．everybody
A　解析：or表示选择，根据设空前的running my race可知，设空处指“其他人的”。根据语境可知选A项。
20．A.recognition B．dream
C．experience D．heart
D　解析：作者非常感谢父亲，谢谢他那些将继续深藏于作者内心(heart)的话。故选D项。recognition意为“识别；承认；认出；重视；赞誉；公认”；dream意为“梦想”；experience意为“经历；经验”，均不符合语境。
B
(2017·烟台诊断) I spent last summer volunteering at a hospital. One morning, I was called to a room in which an __1__ woman was staying. __2__ she wanted to go to a nearby gift shop, I got a(n) __3__ and helped her into it, heading for the shop.
When we got there, the shop wasn’t __4__ yet. It was merely a 30­minute wait so we went over to the __5__ area and I read her bits and pieces of the newspaper aloud. After 30 minutes, we went into the gift shop. Pushing her around, I could see the __6__ on her face as she looked at everything. She happily chose some window decorations and then __7__ chocolates. She asked me to push her __8__ that direction. I helped her __9__ all the different chocolate arrangements. She __10__ decided on three different boxes.
As she was checking out, she asked the cashier for a __11__ and asked me to write the numbers 1，2, and 3 on the boxes. She __12__ that the nurses were taking such good care of her, so she __13__ chocolates for each of the three shifts(三班倒) of nurses. The moment I wheeled her back up to her room, she gave the __14__ shift of nurses their box of chocolate, who __15__ offered some to me before taking some themselves. There were __16__ all around.　
__17__ her generosity and getting the opportunity to spend time with someone who got so much pleasure from life was a __18__ in itself. Gratitude(感恩) has an amazing way of bringing people __19__， especially in a place where health is so highly __20__．
[解题导语]　本文讲述了作者在医院做志愿者时帮助一个上了年纪的妇人买巧克力并送给照看她的护士以表示感谢的故事。
1．A.elderly B．honest
C．impatient D．independent
A　解析：根据下文she wanted to go to a nearby gift shop可知，她需要作者帮忙送她去附近的礼品店；再结合下文对她选购物品的描述可知，她是一位上了年纪的妇人。elderly意为“上了年纪的”，符合语境。故选A项。honest意为“诚实的”；impatient意为“没有耐心的”；independent意为“独立的”。
2．A.While B．As long as
C．In case D．As
D　解析：根据设空后的she wanted to go to a nearby gift shop可知，老妇人想要去附近的礼品店，和下文I got a(n)________ and helped her into it, heading for the shop之间是因果关系，故选D项，as在此表示原因。while意为“当……时候；然而”；as long as意为“只要”；in case意为“以免；万一”。
3．A.wheelchair B．bus
C．taxi D．ambulance
A　解析：根据第二段中的Pushing her around及第三段第三句The moment I wheeled her back up to her room...可知，此处指作者找来轮椅(wheelchair)推着老妇人去礼品店。故选A项。ambulance意为“救护车”。
4．A.crowded B．complete
C．open D．closed
C　解析：根据下文It was merely a 30­minute wait可推断出，商店还没有开门。故选C项。crowded意为“拥挤的”；complete意为“完整的”；closed意为“关闭的”。
5．A.checking B．dieting
C．parking D．waiting
D　解析：根据上文It was merely a 30­minute wait可知，商店还没有开门，所以她们去了等候区(waiting area)等待。故选D项。checking area意为“结账区”；dieting area意为“饮食区”；parking area意为“停车区”。
6．A.surprise B．joy
C．pride D．anxiety
B　解析：根据下文She happily chose some window decorations...可知，她高兴地选了些窗饰，说明能在她脸上看到喜悦(joy)。故选B项。surprise意为“惊讶”；pride意为“自豪(感)；骄傲”；anxiety意为“焦虑；不安；担心”。
7．A.smelt B．tasted
C．spotted D．purchased
C　解析：根据下文She asked me to push her ________ that direction.可知，老妇人在高兴地选了些窗饰后，发现了巧克力，因此，她让作者把她朝那个方向推。spot意为“发现；看出”，符合语境。故选C项。smell意为“闻到；嗅到”；taste意为“品尝”；purchase意为“购买”。
8．A.up B．to
C．in D．at
C　解析：根据下文可知，老妇人为照看她的护士购买巧克力，因此，此处指她在看见巧克力后让作者把她朝那个方向推。in that direction意为“朝那个方向”，故选介词in。
9．A.put away B．give out
C．hand in D．look through
D　解析：根据下文She ________ decided on three different boxes.可知，此处指作者帮助老妇人看了所有不同的巧克力。look through意为“浏览；翻看”，符合语境。故选D项。put away意为“把……收起来”；give out意为“分发；耗尽；用光；发出(光、热或信号)”；hand in意为“上交；提交”。
10．A.eventually B．gradually
C．properly D．hurriedly
A　解析：根据上文I helped her ________ all the different chocolate arrangements.可知，她们在浏览了所有不同的巧克力后，最终决定购买三盒。eventually意为“最终地”，符合语境。故选A项。gradually意为“逐渐地；逐步地”；properly意为“正确地；恰当地”；hurriedly意为“匆忙地”。
11．A.change B．pen
C．card D．box
B　解析：根据空后asked me to write the numbers 1，2，and 3 on the boxes可知，她向收银员要了一支笔(pen)，让作者在盒子上写1、2、3。故选B项。change意为“零钱；改变”；card意为“卡片”；box意为“箱子；盒子”。
12．A.admitted B．promised
C．suggested D．explained
D　解析：设空后的that the nurses were taking such good care of her, so she ________ chocolates for each of the three shifts(三班倒) of nurses是对她购买巧克力的解释。explain意为“解释”，符合语境。故选D项。admit意为“承认”；promise意为“承诺；许诺”；suggest意为“建议；暗示”。
13．A.bought B．ordered
C．made D．borrowed
A　解析：老妇人是在礼品店看到的巧克力，根据上文decided on three different boxes可知，老妇人买了(bought)巧克力给照看她的护士。故选A项。order意为“点，要(食物或饮料等)；订购”；make意为“做；制作；使”；borrow意为“借”。
14．A.next B．present
C．previous D．night
B　解析：此处指她把巧克力给了当时当班的护士。present意为“目前的”，符合语境。故选B项。next意为“下一个”；previous意为“先前的”；night意为“晚上；夜间”。
15．A.on purpose B．by chance
C．in turn D．in advance
C　解析：当班护士自己在拿之前反过来给了作者一些。in turn意为“轮流，反过来”，符合语境。故选C项。on purpose意为“故意地”；by chance意为“巧合；偶然”；in advance意为“提前”。
16．A.noises B．smiles
C．greetings D．jokes
B　解析：根据常识，收到巧克力后，护士们应该是高兴的。smile意为“微笑”，符合语境。故选B项。noise意为“噪音”；greeting意为“打招呼”；joke意为“玩笑”。
17．A.Witnessing B．Taking advantage of
C．Repaying D．Searching for
A　解析：根据语境，作者陪老妇人去了礼品店，陪她选购了窗饰和巧克力，又陪她把巧克力分给了当班的护士，因此，此处指作者见证(Witnessing)了她的大方。故选A项。take advantage of意为“利用”；repay意为“偿还”；search for意为“寻找”。
18．A.prize B．risk
C．gift D．story
C　解析：根据上文who got so much pleasure可知，此处指有机会和从生活中获得很多快乐的人在一起这本身就是一份礼物(gift)。故选C项。这也是文章主题的升华。prize意为“奖品”；risk意为“危险(性)；风险；冒险行为”；story意为“故事”。
19．A.together B．upwards
C．back D．down
A　解析：感恩以一种神奇的方式将人带到一起(together)。故选A项。
20．A.respected B．praised
C．admired D．valued
D　解析：根据语境可知，此处指尤其是在一个健康是如此被高度重视(valued)的地方。故选D项。respect意为“尊重”；praise意为“称赞；表扬”；admire意为“钦佩；赞美；羡慕”。
C
(2017·河北衡水中学大联考) That was my first ballet performance and I was the lead role. A huge black curtain __1__ me from the crowd. My heart raced so rapidly that it would __2__ out of my chest. A rush of __3__ shot through my body when the music began and I took my __4__ at the center of the stage. I pushed off the floor as hard as I could and __5__ into the air. Then I started to come __6__ for my landing, preparing to jump again, and yet my foot __7__. I fell, face­first. For a moment I couldn’t __8__， wondering if I should go on. __9__， trained for thousands of hours for twelve years, my muscles ignored the __10__ of my mind and I __11__ myself back on my feet. I finished the part and left the stage. Bending over a table, I tried to __12__ tears. I didn’t want to go back to finish the last twenty minutes. I didn’t __13__ the lead role.
Then came my teacher. “The __14__ thing on stage is to fall. You’ve gotten it, so what’s left to __15__？ Just go and give it all.” Her words __16__ me. Minutes later, I went back onstage and completely let go of __17__．I just danced, letting the music guide me through the movement.
Now, as a Principal Dancer, I often think about that performance. We fall when we try our hardest. There is no __18__，only pride. Falling is __19__and sometimes it is easier just to stay on the __20__．But if we never get up，we will never experience what it is like to fly.
[解题导语]　作者通过讲述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的经历告诉我们，当我们尽了最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是耻辱，而是骄傲。如果我们跌倒了再也不爬起来，我们就永远不会体验到飞翔的感觉。
1．A.covered　　　　　　 B．hid
C．protected D．drove
B　解析：演出还没有开始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，与观众隔开。cover 意为“覆盖”；hide 意为“隐藏”；protect 意为“保护”；drive 意为“驱赶；驾驶”。故选B项。
2．A.beat B．drop
C．run D．shout
A　解析：此处描写作者紧张激动的心情：作者的心跳得很快，几乎要跳出胸膛。选项中只有 beat 有表示心脏跳动的含义。故选A项。
3．A.amazement B．excitement
C．sadness D．satisfaction
B　解析：由上句可知，作者非常激动、紧张，所以音乐响起时内心应该是激动的。 amazement 意为“惊异”； excitement 意为“兴奋；激动”；sadness意为“悲伤”；satisfaction意为“满意”。B项符合语境。
4．A.time B．turn
C．place D．order
C　解析：根据常识可知，作者是领舞，所以音乐响起后会站到舞台中央。take one’s time意为“不慌不忙”；take one’s turn意为“轮到某人”；take one’s place意为“某人就位”；take one’s order意为“为某人点餐”。故选C项。
5．A.flew B．spun
C．rose D．looked
A　解析：根据空前的pushed off the floor 可知，这是作者在努力蹬离地面跃到空中。fly意为“飞翔”，表现芭蕾舞的腾空动作，符合语境，故选A项。spin意为“旋转”；rise意为“升起”；look意为“看”。
6．A.out B．in
C．down D．off
C　解析：上文提到跃到空中，再根据空后的preparing to jump again可知，此处是准备落地。故选C项。
7．A.slipped B．stopped
C．stepped D．advanced
A　解析：根据后面的I fell，face­first.可推测，此处指作者摔倒了，可能的原因是脚下打滑了。slip意为“打滑”；stop意为“停止”；step意为“踏步”；advance意为“前进”。故选A项。
8．A.think B．cry
C．move D．believe
C　解析：根据空后的wondering if I should go on 可知，作者当时不知道是否应该继续表演，由此可以推测，作者当时摔倒后不能动弹(move)。故选C项。
9．A.Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Instead
B　解析：根据上文可知，作者不知道自己是否应该继续表演，然而十二年无数小时的训练使作者的肌肉本能地忽略了内心的犹豫，作者发现自己又站了起来，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B项。
10．A.loss B．pain
C．relief D．hesitation
D　解析：根据上文中的wondering if I should go on 以及空格后的mind可知，作者当时在犹豫。loss意为“损失”；pain意为“疼痛”；relief意为“宽慰”；hesitation意为“犹豫”。故选D项。
11．A.found B．dragged
C．accustomed D．allowed
A　解析：作者发现自己又站了起来。find意为“发现”；drag意为“拖动”；accustom意为“使习惯”；allow意为“允许”。故选A项。
12．A.dry up B．wipe out
C．burst into D．fight back
D　解析：表演告一段落之后，作者回到了后台，伏在一张桌子上努力抑制住泪水。根据空前的tried to以及当时的舞台表演场合可知，作者应该是强忍泪水。dry up意为“使干涸”；wipe out意为“彻底毁灭；抹去”；burst into意为“突然……起来”；fight back意为“抗争；克制；忍住”。故选D项。
13．A.play B．deserve
C．get D．finish
B　解析：作者在舞台上摔倒，觉得自己没资格当领舞。play意为“玩耍；参加；演奏”；deserve意为“应得；应受”；get意为“获得”；finish意为“完成”。故选B项。
14．A.unexpected B．awkward
C．common D．worst
D　解析：此处是老师的鼓励：舞台上最糟糕的事就是摔倒，你已经摔倒了，还有什么可失去的？unexpected意为“出乎意料的”；awkward意为“尴尬的”；common意为“常见的”；worst意为“最坏的”。故选D项。
15．A.go B．do
C．lose D．say
C　解析：没有什么比舞台上摔倒更糟糕的事了，所以不用害怕再失去(lose)什么。故选C项。
16．A.awoke B．enriched
C．excited D．surprised
A　解析：根据下文Minutes later, I went back onstage and completely let go of ...可知，作者又回到舞台继续表演，因此，此处指老师的话点醒了作者。awake意为“唤醒”；enrich意为“使丰富；充实”；excite意为“使兴奋；使激动”；surprise意为“使惊讶”。故选A项。
17．A.the music B．myself
C．the teacher D．others
B　解析：根据下文I just danced, letting the music guide me through the movement.可知，作者随着音乐尽情舞蹈，释放自己。故选B项。
18．A.excuse B．fear
C．benefit D．shame
D　解析：结合上文作者认为自己摔倒是一种耻辱，而本句和下文则认为摔倒是一种骄傲。excuse意为“借口”；fear意为“害怕”；benefit意为“好处”；shame意为“羞耻”。故选D项。
19．A.shocking B．interesting
C．rare D．terrible
D　解析：根据上文作者摔倒后的想法可知，此处应为摔倒很糟糕。shocking意为“惊人的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；rare意为“稀有的”；terrible意为“糟糕的”。故选D项。
20．A.spot B．road
C．ground D．stage
C　解析：根据下文的get up和fly可知，此处是说摔倒后待在地上不再站起来更简单。spot意为“地点”；road意为“道路”；ground意为“地面”；stage意为“舞台”。故选C项。
专题强化训练24　夹叙夹议文(二)[学生用书P123(单独成册)]
A
(2017·江西九江二模)That was a sunny day. My father and I were on the way__1__my uncle’s home. People on the street were walking leisurely and chatting__2__，while my father was walking in a hurry. I tried my best to __3__him. But I was still left behind. I could not understand why he __4__so fast. Due to the fast speed, I lost my __5__and was completely with sweat. Somehow, I began to be angry at him. He always did not think about my __6__．
“Why do you walk so fast? Don’t you see me behind you？” I said__7__．“You are always like this. Why must you __8__so loudly？” he said and his face got red right away. In fact, I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry.“It is your__9__！” I shouted at him immediately.“You always like to__10__others！” he cried out. This made me fall into a rage(愤怒)．Then we__11__on the street. Whatever he said, I quickly answered back. At that time, I was like a wild beast, losing my temper. Many people stopped to look at us. I was so__12__that I could feel my face burning, for I saw some people__13__me, which made me lose face. I touched my face__14__glared at him.“I will never talk to him，” I said to myself angrily.
__15__could make people forget everything that your beloved had done for you. When I went to college, I still hated him. I did not say anything to him，__16__I were not his daughter. Always I pretended to complain that I was too__17__when he called me. However, it was his tears from the worn­out__18__that made me feel guilty when we met. He had given me everything he had, but I could not.__19__，I realized that I should not hate him.
Now I begin to phone him and ask him to take care of himself. Although sometimes parents will__20__wrong, they just hope we can be better.
[解题导语]　作者因一件小事和父亲在大街上争吵，致使自己颜面尽失，于是下定决心不再与父亲说话。但随着岁月的流逝，作者意识到是愤怒让自己忘记了自己最爱的人为自己所做的一切，于是逐渐改变了自己对父亲的态度。
1．A.at　　　　　　　　　　 B．to
C．for D．of
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者与父亲是在去叔叔家的路上。on the way to ...意为“在去……的路上”，符合语境。故选B项。
2．A.perfectly B．eagerly
C．anxiously D．enjoyably
D　解析：该句中while表示对比，意为“然而”。此处是说作者和父亲走得比较匆忙，而街上的其他人走得比较悠闲，边走边开心地(enjoyably)聊着天。故选D项。perfectly意为“完美地”；eagerly意为“急切地”；anxiously意为“焦虑地”。
3．A.make fun of B．catch up with
C．make way for D．get rid of
B　解析：从下文的I was still left behind可知，父亲走得很快，作者试图赶上他，但是仍然被落在了后面。catch up with意为“赶上”，符合语境。故选B项。make fun of 意为“取笑”；make way for意为“给……让路”；get rid of意为“摆脱……；除去……”。
4．A.walked B．ran
C．started D．trained
A　解析：根据第二段开头的Why do you walk so fast？可知，此处指作者不知道为什么父亲走(walked)得那么快，故选A项。
5．A.temper B．confidence
C．breath D．balance
C　解析：根据空后的completely with sweat可知，由于走得太快，作者气喘吁吁、汗流浃背。lose one’s breath意为“喘不过气来”，符合语境。故选C项。temper意为“脾气”；confidence意为“信心”；balance意为“平衡”。
6．A.beliefs B．behavior
C．feelings D．requests
C　解析：根据上文中的I began to be angry at him可知，作者对父亲很生气，认为他根本不考虑作者的感受(feelings)。故选C项。belief意为“信念”；behavior意为“行为；举止”；request意为“请求；要求”。
7．A.calmly B．frequently
C．softly D．loudly
D　解析：上文提到作者很生气，所以说话的声音应该是很大的。根据下文的so loudly也可知答案。故选D项。calmly意为“平静地”；frequently意为“频繁地”；softly意为“温柔地”。
8．A.tell B．claim
C．read D．speak
D　解析：根据下文的In fact, I deliberately spoke loudly and...可知，此处指父亲埋怨作者说话声音大。故选D项。
9．A.fault B．cruelty
C．origin D．business
A　解析：作者责怪父亲走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此处指作者认为这都是父亲的过错(fault)。故选A项。cruelty意为“残忍”；origin意为“起源”；business意为“事情；商业”。
10．A.enjoy B．admire
C．blame D．abuse
C　解析：作者在埋怨父亲，而此时父亲也非常生气。因此，父亲在说作者总是责备(blame)别人。故选C项。enjoy意为“喜欢”，admire意为“欣赏”；abuse意为“虐待；滥用”。
11．A.fought B．bargained
C．consulted D．quarreled
D　解析：根据下文Whatever he said, I quickly answered back. At that time, I was like a wild beast, losing my temper.可知，作者大发脾气，与父亲在大街上吵了起来，所以选quarreled，意为“争吵”。fight意为“打架”；bargain意为“讨价还价”；consult意为“咨询”。
12．A.alarmed B．afraid
C．ashamed D．amazed
C　解析：根据空后的I could feel my face burning 可知，和父亲吵架引来很多路人驻足观看，作者感觉自己的脸滚烫，因此可推断，作者感到羞愧(ashamed)。alarmed意为“担忧的；恐慌的”；afraid意为“害怕的”；amazed意为“惊奇的”。
13．A.asking for B．laughing at
C．waiting for D．aiming at
B　解析：由空后的made me lose face可知，作者觉得很丢人，因为看到路人在嘲笑她。laugh at 意为“嘲笑”，符合语境。故选B项。ask for意为“请求；要求”；wait for意为“等待”；aim at意为“针对；以……为目标”。
14．A.and B．so
C．but D．or
A　解析：句意为：我摸了摸我的脸，怒视着他。touched和glared是作者先后做的两个并列的动作，所以用and连接。
15．A.Anger B．Sense
C．Care D．Shame
A　解析：文中反复提到angry，通过对与父亲吵架的描述可知，此处指生气能让人忘记你所爱的人为你做的一切。故选A项。
16．A.in case B．as if
C．unless D．after
B　解析：设空后的I were not his daughter为虚拟语气，作者因怒生恨，吵架后不与父亲说话，就好像自己不是父亲的女儿似的。as if 意为“好像”，符合语境。in case意为“以防”；unless意为“除非”；after意为“在……之后”。
17．A.wrong B．crazy
C．busy D．innocent
C　解析：父亲每次打电话时，作者总是抱怨太忙。busy意为“忙碌的”，符合语境。故选C项。wrong意为“错误的”；crazy意为“疯狂的”；innocent意为“无辜的”。
18．A.arm B．face
C．head D．body
B　解析：眼泪应该是从脸上流下来，所以选face。句意为：但是，当我们见面时，父亲那饱经沧桑的脸上流下的泪水使我感到内疚。
19．A.Naturally B．Occasionally
C．Obviously D．Gradually
D　解析：根据空后的I realized that I should not hate him可知，作者越来越理解父亲，认识到不应该再恨父亲，此处强调的是一个心理逐渐变化的过程。gradually意为“慢慢地；逐渐地”，符合语境。故选D项。naturally意为“自然地”；occasionally意为“偶然”；obviously意为“明显地”。
20．A.do B．give
C．find D．keep
A　解析：尽管有时候父母会做错事，但是他们希望我们能更好。此处指可能会做错事，所以选A项。
B
(2017·福建泉州检测)An 18­year­old student at Stanford University was struggling to pay his fees. Not knowing where to turn for money，he came up with a bright__1__：He and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to __2__money for their education.
They__3__out to the great pianist Ignacy J. Paderewski. His manager__4__a guaranteed fee of $2，000 for the piano recital(独奏会). A deal was __5__and the boys began to work to make the concert a __6__．
The big day arrived. But__7__，they had not managed to sell enough tickets. The total__8__was only $1，600. Disappointed, they went to Paderewski and explained their plight(困境). They gave him the entire $1，600, plus a __9__for the balance $400. They promised to honor the check at the __10__possible.Paderewski tore up the check，__11__the $1，600 and told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees. The boys were __12__，and thanked him heartedly.
It was a small act of__13__．But it clearly marked out Paderewski__14__a great human being.
__15__should he help two people he did not even know? We all__16__situations like these in our lives. And__17__of us only think “If I help them, what will happen to me？” The truly __18__people think, “If I don’t help them, what will happen to them？” They don’t do it __19__something in return. They do it__20__they feel it’s the right thing to do.
[解题导语]　两个大学生本想通过组织一场音乐会赚取学费，可是音乐会并不成功，但善良的受邀钢琴家的大方举动却给他们解了围。
1．A.time B．task
C．idea D．decision
C　解析：根据设空后的He and a friend decided to host a musical concert...可知，他和朋友决定举办一场音乐会以筹集学费，这是他的想法(idea)。故选C项。
2．A.receive B．raise
C．borrow D．donate
B　解析：根据上文中的Not knowing where to turn for money可知，由于学费不够，他和朋友决定举办音乐会来筹集学费。receive意为“收到”；raise意为“筹集”；borrow意为“借”；donate意为“捐献”。故选B项。
3．A.reached B．turned
C．pointed D．called
A　解析：reach out to 意为“表示对……感兴趣；表示愿意提供援助”；turn out意为“证明是；结果是”；point out意为“指出”；call out意为“大声呼叫；呼喊”。根据第二段可知，他们开音乐会要邀请著名的钢琴家，说明他们对这位钢琴家有兴趣。故选A项。
4．A.increased B．covered
C．considered D．demanded
D　解析：根据设空后的a guaranteed fee可知，钢琴家的经纪人要求(demanded) 他们付2 000美元的保证金。故选D项。increase意为“增加”；cover意为“覆盖；遮蔽；包括；报道”；consider意为“考虑；细想；认为”。
5．A.rejected B．struck
C．canceled D．attracted
B　解析：根据设空后的began to work可知，他们之间达成了协议。strike a deal意为“达成协议”；reject意为“拒绝”；cancel意为“取消”；attract意为“吸引”。故选B项。
6．A.success B．career
C．background D．performance
A　解析：他们达成了协议，并且为了音乐会的成功举办，他们开始积极筹备。故选A项。success意为“成功的事”，career意为“职业；事业”；background意为“背景；出身”；performance意为“表演；演出；表现”。
7．A.uncertainly B．unbelievably
C．unfortunately D．undoubtedly
C　解析：根据前文可知他们达成了协议，再根据设空后的had not managed to sell enough tickets可知，他们并没有卖出足够的票，这对他们来说是不幸的。故选C项。
8．A.cost B．bill
C．collection D．allowance
C　解析：根据设空后的$1，600以及下文的$400可知，此处指他们总的筹款为1 600美元。cost意为“花费；成本；代价”；bill意为“账单”；collection意为“筹集的钱；收藏品”；allowance意为“津贴；补贴”。
9．A.benefit B．profit
C．charge D．check
D　解析：根据下文的They promised to honor the check at the______possible.可知，因为他们并没有筹到足够的钱，所以又写了400美元的支票作为欠款。故选D项。
10．A.soonest B．latest
C．longest D．farthest
A　解析：他们承诺尽快(soonest)承兑支票，故选A项。
11．A.took B．counted
C．deposited D．returned
D　解析：根据空前的Paderewski tore up the check及空后的told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees.可知，钢琴家撕毁了支票，并且还把1 600美元还给了(returned)他们让他们当作学费。故选D项。
12．A.pleased B．surprised
C．frightened D．interested
B　解析：根据上文可知，他们本来是承诺了要给钢琴家2 000美元，但却没有筹够钱，而钢琴家又把钱还给了他们，因此，他们非常惊讶(surprised)而且非常感激。故选B项。pleased意为“高兴的；快乐的；满意的”；frightened意为“害怕的”；interested意为“感兴趣的”。
13．A.devotion B．kindness
C．sympathy D．teamwork
B　解析：根据上文可知，钢琴家没有要保证金，而且把钱给了两个大学生充当学费，因此这是一个善举。devotion意为“献身；贡献”；kindness意为“善良”；sympathy意为“同情”；teamwork意为“团队合作”。故选B项。
14．A.like B．for
C．as D．to
C　解析：钢琴家的善举清楚地表明他是一个伟大的人。mark out...as 意为“使……看上去脱颖而出成为……”，符合语境。故选C项。
15．A.How B．Where
C．When D．Why
D　解析：根据下文可知，每个人都遇到过帮与不帮别人的问题，由此可推测，本句应是探讨帮助别人的原因。故选D项。
16．A.come across B．deal with
C．adapt to D．think of
A　解析：根据下文And______of us only think “If I help them, what will happen to me？”可知，我们都曾遇到过类似的情况。come across意为“偶遇；邂逅”，符合语境。故选A项。deal with意为“处理；处置”；adapt to 意为“适应”；think of 意为“想起；想到”。
17．A.both B．few
C．none D．most
D　解析：根据语境可知，此处应指我们大多数，故选D项。
18．A.able B．rich
C．great D．famous
C　解析：根据上句可知，大多数人是在想帮助别人对自己的影响，而伟大的人却想如果不帮助别人对他人有什么影响。great意为“伟大的”，符合语境。故选C项。
19．A.taking B．expecting
C．offering D．preparing
B　解析：根据上文的“If I don’t help them, what will happen to them？”可知，他们是在考虑别人，不求(expecting)回报。故选B项。
20．A.because B．though
C．before D．so
A　解析：根据最后一段可知，伟大的人不求回报地去帮助别人，他们之所以这么做，是因为他们感觉这是正确的事情。因此，设空处表原因，引导原因状语从句。故选A项。
C
(2017·湖南长郡中学模拟)A magazine article told about a woman in rural Florida who was recovering from a lengthy illness. She enjoyed sitting on her front porch(门廊) in her__1__and, on this day，she watched her son __2__his car. He raised it on blocks of wood, removed the tires and __3__on his back underneath the vehicle.
__4__there was a loud crack and the car lurched(突然倾斜) to one side, pinning the young man underneath. She __5__for her husband who ran to assist, but he couldn’t__6__the car or the young man. He climbed into his own vehicle and sped away for__7__．
The mother, who hadn’t__8__in months, realized that her son’s groans(呻吟声) were growing__9__and she knew that it would be up to her to __10__the boy. She rose to her feet and walked on __11__legs to the car. Supporting herself, she__12__the car. The car rose a few inches—just enough to let the boy get__13__．Then she collapsed.
After a thorough__14__，she was found only to have suffered strained muscles. And the__15__doctor’s words were most telling：“I will always wonder，”he said，“how far she might have lifted that car if she had been__16__and strong.”
We’ve read similar stories about persons exhibiting almost super­human__17__in times of crises. This mother, and others like her, found the strength they needed to __18__the crisis at hand.
And so it is with all of us. When life__19__us down and it seems impossible to get back up, we need to find a way to do what needs to be done. We are __20__than we think.
[解题导语]　一位长期患病、无法正常行走的母亲在儿子被压在车下的危急时刻，爆发出惊人的“力量”，抬起了那辆车，挽救了儿子的生命。事实上，我们每个人都比自己想象的要更加坚强。
1．A.bench B．sofa
C．wheelchair D．room
C　解析：根据文章第三段中的The mother, who hadn’t ______in months...以及She rose to her feet...可知，这位母亲已经几个月未站起来了，她只能坐在前门厅的轮椅(wheelchair)上。故选C项。
2．A.repair B．check
C．clean D．admire
A　解析：根据下文He raised it on blocks of wood ，removed the tires...可知，她儿子在修(repair)车。check意为“检查；核查”；clean意为“打扫”；admire意为“羡慕；欣赏”。故选A项。
3．A.leaned B．pressed
C．fell D．slid
D　解析：从下文儿子被压在车底下可知，儿子修车时背部着地滑进了车的下方。slide意为“滑动”，符合语境。故选D项。lean意为“倚；靠”；press意为“按；压”；fall意为“摔倒”。
4．A.Finally B．Suddenly
C．Actually D．Immediately
B　解析：根据下文the car lurched(突然倾斜) to one side可知，车子向一侧倾斜，使得这个年轻人在车下不能动弹，这个意外发生得很突然。suddenly意为“突然”，符合语境。故选B项。finally意为“最终；最后”；actually意为“事实上”；immediately意为“立即；马上”。
5．A.screamed B．waved
C．complained D．signed
A　解析：scream意为“发出尖叫声”；wave意为“挥手；挥动”；complain意为“抱怨”；sign意为“做手势”。看到她儿子被压在车下，她当然是发出尖叫声。故选A项。
6．A.fix B．control
C．start D．move
D　解析：根据下文He climbed into his own vehicle and sped away for________．可知，丈夫一个人并不能够挪动这辆车。fix意为“修理；确定；安装”；control意为“控制”；start意为“开始；发动”；move意为“(使)移动”。故选D项。
7．A.tools B．advice
C．help D．information
C　解析：这位父亲看到自己挪不动那辆压着儿子的车，于是赶紧开车去寻求帮助(help)。故选C项。tool意为“工具”；advice意为“建议”；information意为“信息”。
8．A.spoken B．walked
C．cried D．talked
B　解析：结合下文的She rose to her feet and walked可知，这位母亲患病很长时间了，此处应指她有好几个月没有行走了。故选B项。
9．A.lower B．louder
C．farther D．closer
A　解析：根据下文母亲为救儿子的表现可知，此处指她听到儿子的呻吟声越来越弱。lower意为“更低”，可以表达出她儿子被压在车下的严重情况，符合语境。故选A项。
10．A.find B．drag
C．comfort D．save
D　解析：结合该空后一句的rose to her feet 可知，此处指她知道该由她来救她儿子了。find意为“发现”；drag意为“拖；拉”；comfort意为“安慰；慰藉”；save意为“拯救”。故选D项。
11．A.waving B．moving
C．shaking D．failing
C　解析：由第三段首句可知她有好几个月没有走路了，因此，她站起来后应是摇晃着走到车前。shaking意为“发抖的；颤抖的”，符合语境。故选C项。waving意为“波浪状的”，moving意为“移动的；令人感动的”；failing意为“衰弱的”。
12．A.pulled B．drove
C．lifted D．stopped
C　解析：根据下文The car rose a few inches...及how far she might have lifted that car可知，此处指这位母亲将那辆车抬起了几英寸。lift意为“抬起；举起”，符合语境。故选C项。
13．A.free B．fine
C．open D．active
A　解析：根据上文The car rose a few inches...可知，车被抬起了几英寸，她的儿子刚好能够不再被车压着。故选A项。
14．A.training B．recovery
C．examination D．treatment
C　解析：根据下文she was found only to have suffered strained muscles可知，她只是肌肉拉伤，这应该是在接受检查后发现的。training意为“训练；培养”；recovery意为“恢复；痊愈”；examination意为“检查”；treatment意为“治疗”。故选C项。
15．A.patient B．doubtful
C．careful D．serious
B　解析：根据后面医生所说的话“I will always wonder，”he said, “how far she might have lifted that car if she had been______and strong.”可知，医生对这位母亲的表现感到疑惑。doubtful意为“怀疑的”，符合语境。故选B项。patient意为“耐心的”；careful意为“仔细的”；serious意为“严肃的；认真的”。
16．A.well B．tall
C．brave D．quick
A　解析：医生想知道如果她身体健康(well)而且强壮的话，她能把汽车抬多高。故选A项。
17．A.belief B．spirit
C．courage D．strength
D　解析：根据下文found the strength they needed可知，人在危急时刻会爆发出惊人的力量。belief意为“信念”；spirit意为“精神”；courage意为“勇气”；strength意为“力气；强度；力量”。故选D项。
18．A.pass B．overlook
C．face D．consider
C　解析：这位母亲，还有像她一样的其他人，他们在面临(face)危机时，会爆发出惊人的力量，故选C项。pass意为“通过；经过；度过”；overlook意为“忽视”；consider意为“考虑；认为”。
19．A.looks B．knocks
C．puts D．lets
B　解析：knock sb. down意为“把某人打倒”。作者从这位母亲的故事联想到我们的生活，当生活把我们击倒时，我们也会有无穷的力量。故选B。
20．A.cooler B．firmer
C．cleverer D．stronger
D　解析：结合前文作者描述的情景，作者最后强调：我们比想象的更加坚强(stronger)。cooler意为“更凉爽的；更冷静的”，firmer意为“更坚定的”，cleverer意为“更聪明的”，都与文章所述情景不符。故选D项。
专题强化训练25　说明文、议论文[学生用书P125(单独成册)]
A
(2017·甘肃兰州高考诊断)When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn’t__1__，__2__your child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things__3__！ Many people believe that they can __4__two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is __5__. The reality is that multitasking__6__poor job performance.
New hand­held__7__such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and __8__attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task __9__， such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “__10__， the brain actually __11__kids for multitasking even though your child’s performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don’t know that they are doing __12__because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell.
__13__the appearance of hand­held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in __14__performance, critical thinking skills and how information is __15__. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and __16__to allow themselves to be distracted(注意力分散的), to tune out and switch __17__to Facebook or using their cell phones __18__working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long __19__， multitasking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do __20__on tests, resulting in lower grades.
[解题导语]　本文主要讲述了孩子们同时做多项任务对学业所造成的负面影响。
1．A.play　　　　　　　　　 B．understand
C．use D．work
D　解析：根据下文中的“The reality is that multitasking ______poor job performance.”可推知，一次做很多事情并没有什么效果。work“有效，起作用”。
2．A.only if B．even though
C．so that D．no wonder
B　解析：根据语境可知，空处上下句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，even though“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。
3．A.at once B．right away
C．in no time D．at random
A　解析：根据下文中的“Many people believe that they can______two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情。at once“一起，同时”。
4．A.advocate B．deal
C．perform D．prefer
C　解析：根据语境可知，许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情。perform“做，执行，履行”。
5．A.impossible B．important
C．impatient D．impolite
A　解析：根据下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell认为同时做多个任务是不可能的。故A项正确。
6．A.results in B．results from
C．exists in D．exists from
A　解析：根据语境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同时做多项任务的结果很不好。result in“导致，造成”。
7．A.designs B．discoveries
C．equipment D．evidence
C　解析：根据空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此处表示新的便携式装备，故C项正确。下文的“hand­held devices”也是信息提示。
8．A.attract B．draw
C．pay D．share
D　解析：根据下文中的“leading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任务容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。
9．A.at hand B．on time
C．on schedule D．at times
A　解析：根据空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，这些都是手头要做的事。at hand“在手边”。
10．A.Uncertainly B．Unfortunately
C．Universally D．Undoubtedly
B　解析：根据第一段最后两句可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell并不赞成多任务行为，因此当大脑给这种行为以肯定或鼓励时，他认为是不幸的。
11．A.remains B．rewards
C．regards D．reflects
B　解析：根据空后的“even though”可知，空处与worse形成对比，由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为。reward“奖赏，报答”。
12．A.better B．well
C．bad D．worse
D　解析：根据上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕。
13．A.Since B．Before
C．When D．While
A　解析：结合空后现在完成时的运用可知，此处应用连词since“自从……之后”引导状语从句。
14．A.accidental B．accurate
C．accessible D．academic
D　解析：根据上文的“teachers”可推知，老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异。academic“学术的”。
15．A.produced B．processed
C．possessed D．promoted
B　解析：根据下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，这些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式。process“处理”。
16．A.tend B．attend
C．intend D．pretend
A　解析：根据空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a ‘difficult to understand’ topic”可知，孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题，他们的注意力往往会分散。tend to do sth.“往往会发生某事”。
17．A.out B．on
C．off D．over
D　解析：根据语境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西。switch over to“转向”。
18．A.except for B．rather than
C．more than D．apart from
B　解析：根据语境可知，孩子们去玩手机或Facebook，而不是更努力地学习。rather than“而不是”。
19．A.run B．walk
C．journey D．distance
A　解析：in the long run为固定短语，意为“从长远来看”，符合语境。
20．A.hardly B．successfully
C．poorly D．mildly
C　解析：根据空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差。
B
(2017·东北三校二模)We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__， and pictures of their babies are __2__circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__of itself.
The lovely animals have __4__a classic test of self­awareness. They cannot __5__themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__whether children or animals have a __7__of self­awareness.
In the test, an animal is presented __8__a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.
Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__， each panda behaved as if their __14__in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__．
The __17__of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity(圈养). For example, one­directional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. That’s because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__themselves.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。本文对大熊猫、儿童还有其他的动物都做了有关自我意识感方面的研究，结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差，即使照镜子，它们也认不出镜子里的自己。
1．A.papers B．covers
C．headlines D．pages
C　解析：根据上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C项意为“头条(新闻)”，符合语境。A项意为“纸”；B项意为“封面”；D项意为“页码”，均与语境不符。故选C项。
2．A.widely B．popularly
C．especially D．completely
A　解析：上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被广泛传阅。A项意为“广泛地”，符合语境。B项意为“流行地”；C项意为“特别地”；D项意为“完全地”，均与语境不符。故选A项。
3．A.shy B．fond
C．conscious D．confident
C　解析：根据第二段第一句中的“a classic test of self­awareness”可知，这里指的是现在看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C项意为“有意识的”，符合语境。A项意为“害羞的”；B项意为“喜欢的”；D项意为“自信的”，均与语境不符。故选C项。
4．A.failed B．ignored
C．faced D．conducted
A　解析：根据下文中的“They cannot...have a ______of self­awareness.”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有通过这种经典的自我意识测试。A项意为“失败”，符合语境。B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“指挥，引导”，均与语境不符，故选A项。
5．A.observe B．discover
C．recognize D．understand
C　解析：根据下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition...”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C项意为“辨认出”，符合语境。A项意为“观察”；B项意为“发现”；D项意为“理解”，均与语境不符，故选C项。
6．A.believe in B．find out
C．pick out D．take in
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B项意为“找到，弄清楚”，符合语境。A项意为“相信，信任”；C项意为“挑选出”；D项意为“吸收，欺骗”，均与语境不符。故选B项。
7．A.sense B．question
C．opinion D．thought
A　解析：根据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A项意为“感觉”，a sense of 为固定搭配，意为“一种……感觉”，符合语境。B项意为“问题”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。故选A项。
8．A.for B．with
C．in D．before
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中呈现出来。表示方法，应用介词with。
9．A.how B．when
C．why D．whether
D　解析：根据语境可知，此处指研究者想观察大熊猫是否能注意到它脸上的记号。故选D项。
10．A.touchable B．seeable
C．sensible D．possible
B　解析：根据常识可知，在自己脸上的标记，只有在镜子中才能看到。B项意为“可见的”，符合语境。A项意为“可触摸的”；C项意为“可觉察的”；D项意为“可能的”，均与语境不符。故选B项。
11．A.dismisses B．admits
C．feels D．moves
C　解析：根据下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此处指如果动物注意到脸上的标记，它会感觉到这个标记的。C项意为“感受，感觉”，符合语境。A项意为“解雇，解散”；B项意为“承认”；D项意为“移动”，均与语境不符，故选C项。
12．A.all B．most
C．one D．none
D　解析：根据上文及转折词“but”可知，此处指没有一只大熊猫像其他动物一样能感觉到脸上的标记。故选D项。
13．A.Thus B．However
C．Instead D．Still
C　解析：根据语境可知，此处指相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子里的影像是其他大熊猫。C项意为“代替，反而，相反”，符合语境。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“然而”；D项意为“仍然”，均与语境不符。故选C项。
14．A.reaction B．reflection
C．operation D．imagination
B　解析：根据常识可知，镜子中应是映照出的影像。B项意为“映像，倒影”，符合语境。A项意为“反应”；C项意为“活动，手术”；D项意为“想象”，均与语境不符。故选B项。
15．A.trapped B．amazed
C．threatened D．teased
C　解析：根据下文中熊猫的反应可知，熊猫表现出好像受到镜子中“自己”的威胁。C项意为“威胁”，符合语境。A项意为“使陷入困境，卡住”；B项意为“使惊讶”；D项意为“取笑，戏弄”，均与语境不符。故选C项。
16．A.backwards B．alone
C．forwards D．along
A　解析：根据常识可知，害怕会向后退。A项意为“向后”，符合语境。B项意为“独自地”；C项意为“向前”；D项意为“一起，进展”，均与语境不符。故选A项。
17．A.failure B．outcome
C．success D．review
B　解析：根据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B项意为“结果”，符合语境。A项意为“失败”；C项意为“成功”；D项意为“复习”，均与语境不符。故选B项。
18．A.cause B．prepare
C．accelerate D．urge
A　解析：由语境可知，此处指可以成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感到有压力。cause sb. to do sth.意为“引起某人做某事”，符合语境。B项意为“准备”；C项意为“加速”；D项意为“督促”，均与语境不符。故选A项。
19．A.eyes B．cages
C．zoo D．glass
D　解析：根据上文中的“one­directional glass”可知，glass符合语境。故选D项。
20．A.other than B．regardless of
C．because of D．rather than
D　解析：由语境可知，此处指这就是因为大熊猫相信镜子里是别的大熊猫而不是自己。D项意为“而不是”，符合语境。A项意为“除了”；B项意为“不管”；C项意为“因为”，均与语境不符。故选D项。
C
(2017·西宁检测)Many students often say that they don’t have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork. My __1__is often brief, “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about __2__twenty four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not a(n)__3__explanation of __4__something done.
__5__in graduate school, I tried to prove to one of my professors __6__saying that I was working hard. His answer to me was, “That’s irrelevant. __7__is important is the __8__of your work.”Since then I have had time to think carefully about the trick of “__9__”， and I have come to some __10__all relevant to the problem of how much time we have.
If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is, __11__，the matter of “time”， which we can think of __12__. Then there is the problem of “work” during that time. But, as my professor suggested, it’s not how hard one works __13__the quality of the product that’s important.
That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. That __14__is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someone’s office：“Don’t work harder.__15__．”There is a lot of sense in that idea.
If you can’t get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. That means thinking of ways to get more out of __16__time than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. Since “work” for students usually means“homework”， the expression “work habits” should be read as “__17__ habits”．
Then, as a smart student, you will __18__those skills that you use in study，__19__reading and writing. If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that __20__in all your studies.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了“工作和学习不要总是强调更勤奋，而应当强调更聪明”这一观点，指出应当提高自己的工作质量和工作效率，而不是一味强调“勤奋”。
1．A.question B．idea
C．reply D．key
C　解析：根据该句中的“You have as much time as the president.”可知，该处回答了上文的疑问；C项意为“回答”，故C项正确。A项意为“问题”，B项意为“想法”，D项意为“关键，答案”，都与语境不符。
2．A.there being B．there are
C．there be D．there to be
A　解析：根据该句中的“twenty four hours in the day for everyone”可知，每个人每天有24小时，故用“there be”结构，表示“存在，有”，介词about后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语，故A项正确。
3．A.strange B．acceptable
C．surprising D．demanding
B　解析：根据语境可知，每个人每天有24小时，所以“没有足够的时间”作为解释是不能接受的；B项意为“可接受的”，故B项正确。A项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“令人惊讶的”；D项意为“要求高的，费力的”。
4．A.no getting B．not getting
C．no letting D．not letting
B　解析：根据语境可知，每个人每天有24小时，所以“没有足够的时间”不能解释没有完成工作。get something done 为固定搭配，意为“完成某事”，该处表示否定，前面用not，故B项正确。
5．A.Since then B．Just now
C．Ever D．Once
D　解析：根据该句中的“I tried to prove to one of my professors”，结合下文的“His answer to me was”可知，该处叙述的是一件过去发生的事情，D项意为“曾经”，故D项正确。A项意为“从那时起”；B项意为“刚刚，刚才”；C项意为“曾经(用于进行比较时加强语气)”。
6．A.by B．in
C．on D．upon
A　解析：根据该句中的“saying that I was working hard”可知，“我”试图通过说“我”自己工作勤奋来向“我”的一位教授证明自己；A项表示方式，故A项正确。
7．A.That B．What
C．Whether D．If
B　解析：分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，也作该从句的主语，故用连接代词what；该句意为“重要的是你的工作质量”，故B项正确。
8．A.quantity B．amount
C．number D．quality
D　解析：根据上文中的“I was working hard”，结合该句语境和下文第三段最后一句中的“quality”可知，教授对“工作勤奋”的回答是“重要的是工作质量”；D项意为“质量”，故D项正确。A项意为“数量”；B项意为“数量”；C项意为“数字”。
9．A.hard worker B．honest student
C．busy president D．future graduate
A　解析：根据该段第一句中的“I was working hard”，结合空前一句教授对此的回应可知，从那时起“我”就开始仔细思考“勤奋工作者”的技巧；A项和“working hard”匹配，故A项正确。B项意为“诚实的学生”；C项意为“忙碌的总统”；D项意为“未来的毕业生”。
10．A.constructions B．contributions
C．conclusions D．concentrations
C　解析：根据该句中的“I have come to”，结合下文内容可知，就此问题，“我”已经得出结论。C项意为“结论”，故C项正确。A项意为“建筑”；B项意为“贡献”；D项意为“集中”。
11．A.of course B．in fact
C．as a result D．as a whole
A　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，这一问题中最重要的当然是时间；A项意为“当然”，故A项正确。B项意为“事实上，实际上”；C项意为“结果是……”；D项意为“作为整体”。
12．A.if followed B．if fixed
C．as followed D．as fixed
D　解析：根据空后一句“Then there is the problem of ‘work’during that time.”可知，接下来是在此期间的“工作”问题；据此可以判断，该处是说，人们总是认为时间是固定不变的，故D项正确。
13．A.so B．but
C．nor D．and
B　解析：根据该句中的“it’s not how hard one works ______the quality of the product that’s important”可知，并不是工作多么勤奋，而是产品的质量才是重要的；not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。
14．A.concept B．sense
C．explanation D．solution
A　解析：根据上文中的“a new idea”可知，该处指这种新观念(concept)，故A项正确。B项意为“感觉”；C项意为“解释”；D项意为“解决办法”。
15．A.Work more smartly B．Work faster
C．Think twice D．Think aloud
A　解析：根据上文中的“Don’t work harder”可知，工作不要更努力；据此可以判断，空处与此对应，意为“工作要更聪明”，故A项正确。B项意为“工作更快”；C项意为“三思而行”；D项意为“自言自语”。
16．A.a little B．the more
C．the less D．the same
D　解析：根据语境可知，更聪明地工作意味着在同一时间内想出能得到更多的方法，故D项正确。
17．A.living B．study
C．thinking D．sleeping
B　解析：根据该句中的“Since‘work’ for students usually means ‘homework’， the expression ‘work habits’should be read as”可知，对于学生来说，工作即是家庭作业，故“工作习惯”即为“学习习惯”，B项意为“学习”，故B项正确。A项意为“生活”；C项意为“思考”；D项意为“睡眠”。
18．A.seek improving B．seek to improve
C．find improving D．find to improve
B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作为一个聪明的学生，你要寻求高效学习的技能，故用seek to improve，故B项正确。
19．A.chiefly B．briefly
C．actually D．occasionally
A　解析：根据下文中的“If you learn to read better and write better”并结合常识可知，该处指学生主要在阅读和写作上提高自己；A项意为“主要地”，故A项正确。B项意为“暂时地，简要地”；C项意为“事实上”；D项意为“偶尔，间或”。
20．A.are paid B．is paid
C．pays off D．pay off
D　解析：根据语境可知，如果你学会更好地写作和阅读，则你的所有学习将取得巨大的回报。D项意为“成功，奏效”，故D项正确。