高中英语高考2018届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练：四 模块1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Word版含解析

1.【2017北京卷】The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

A. that                B. as                   C. where                     D. when

【答案】A

【解析】A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when 什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。

2.【2017江苏卷】 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which               B. it’s               C. whose             D. whom

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。

3.【2017天津卷】My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

A. that                   B. whose                C. his                D. who

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我的最大的儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my oldest son，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定于，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词作定语，意为：…的…。故选B。

4.【2016北京卷】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

A. whose          B. why          C. where      D. which

【答案】A

【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。

5.【2016浙江卷】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.

A. whom                 B. which                C. what              D. that

【答案】B

【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家们已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。

6.【2016天津卷】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.

A. that                   B. where                C. which             D. when

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。

7.【2015北京卷】Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.

A. which            B.that               C.when           D.where

【答案】D

【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。

8.【2015重庆卷】He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.

A. whom                 B. which              C. them         D. that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。

9.【2015天津卷】The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.

A. where        B. which        C. when    D. who

【答案】A

【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。

10.【2015四川卷】The books on the desk,        covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

A．which             B. what              C. whose          D. that

【答案】C

【解析】句意：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。

11. 【2015陕西卷】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time      he should be able to be independent.

A. which                 B. where                 C. whom            D. when

【答案】D

【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。

12.【2015江苏卷】The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

A. it                    B. which                  C. what             D. as

【答案】D

【解析】句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。

13.【2015安徽卷】Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.

A. it           B. that           C. whose       D. which

【答案】D

【解析】句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后需有名词；depend on/upon 依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词，故选D。

A

【2017晋冀豫百校联盟质检】Homing pigeons __14__ (be) a common message delivery tool before the digital revolution. Today, their skills remain __15__ (importance) in situations that limit digital and physical communication. Training the pigeons is simple but requires time, __16__ (devote) and proper care.

Remove the pigeons from the place where you keep them and use a cage __17__ (carry) them a mile away. Release the pigeons and they will return home. Do this several times in a week for practice. Gradually increase the range, __18__ you will gain more confidence.

The homing pigeon is trained on either one or two locations __19__ (use) food and water rewards. You can either use the home base location as the single route return for messages or create a route between two set __20__ (place). For a two­way flight route, remove the food from the base. Take the pigeon by hand to the second location and provide feed. Repeat this process until the pigeon flies between the two locations __21__ (independent)．

Messages are carried with small backpacks. Backpacks use fabric (织物), __22__ is light and easy to design but water and bad weather are likely to do damage __23__ many materials. Small tubes provide safe enclosures (附件) for notes and supplies.

【语篇解读】当下信鸽传递信息仍然十分重要，文章介绍了训练信鸽的具体方法和步骤。

【答案】

14.were         15.important      16.devotion          17.to carry        18.and

19.using         20.places        21.independently      22.which         23.to do damage to

【解析】

14．were　根据后文的“before the digital revolution ...”可知此处应为一般过去时，且主语homing pigeons是可数名词复数，故此处填were。

15．important　remain是连系动词，意为“继续存在，依然是”，其后应用形容词作表语，故填important。

16． devotion　此处time, ________ and proper care三者并列作requires的宾语，故用devote的名词形式devotion。

17．to carry　use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”，设空处作目的状语，故应用不定式。答案为to carry。

18．and　根据前文的increase the range和后文的you will gain ...可知，此处为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型；根据句意“逐渐地增加里程你就会更有自信”可知，此处应为顺承关系，故填and。

19．using　句意为：通过使用奖励食物和水的方式在一个或两个地方来训练信鸽。using food and water rewards为现在分词作本句的方式状语，故填using。

20．places　根据空格前two set且place为可数名词，可知此处应为places。two set places意为“两个固定的地方”。

21．independently　分析句式结构可知，设空处修饰动词flies，应用副词形式，故填independently。

22．which　根据空格前方的逗号，分析整个句子，可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为fabric，指物，故填which。

23．to do damage to ...为固定短语，意为“对……造成损害”。故填to。

B

【2017全国卷Ⅰ】There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 24.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 25.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

  Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 26.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 27.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 28.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 29.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 30.________     (be) full of fat and salt; by 31.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

  Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 32.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 33.________ is not good for the health.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。

【答案】

24. as       25. effects       26. to process     27. are removed         28. a

29. worse    30. is           31. eating        32. careful             33. which

【解析】

24. as 考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。

25. effects 考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。

26. to process 考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。require表示“要求”，require to do sth.表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth.表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。

27. are removed　考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知fat，salt和remove之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。

28. a　考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。

29. worse　考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。

30. is　考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。

31. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。

32. careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。

33. which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。

C

【2017全国卷Ⅱ】In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 34.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 35.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 36.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 37.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 38.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 39.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 40.________ every day.

Later, engineers 41.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 42.________ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 43.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。

【答案】

34. crowds      35. from       36. laying          37. the                  38. were used

39. fairly       40. it          41. managed        42. introduction           43. successful

【解析】

34. crowds　考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。

35. from 考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班（to and from work）。

36. laying　考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。

37. the　考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。

38. were used 考查动词语态。蒸汽机（注意复数名词形式）被用来作为火车动力。

39. fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。

40. it 考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。

41. managed 考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。

42. introduction 考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。

43. successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。