2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：状语从句

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习专题课件：状语从句，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了状语的概念与种类，分类如下，状语从句， 时间状语从句， 地点状语从句， 原因状语从句， 条件状语从句， 让步状语从句， 目的状语从句， 结果状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

The students rse as the teacher entered the classrm.As he was reading, he was listening t the radi.The day breaks, fr the birds are singing.
状语从句在复合句中作_____,来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等.
常用连接词如下：when, while, as，till / until, nt …till / until, befre, since, after ，nce， as sn as
特殊连接词： immediately/directly/instantly the mment/the instant/the minute, by the time/ each time/every time /whenever n sner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when
1. when, while , as, befre, after, until, till, since, ever since, nce, as sn as ，
2. every time, next/last/each time, the first time, the mment(一…就…), the minute(一…就…), the instant(一…就…)
3. immediately, instantly, directly
表示时间的状语从句可以由
4. hardly…when, n sner…than, scarcely…when(刚…就…)
引导时间状语从句的从属连词
1.基本类：befre、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、nce, as sn as, etc.
2. 名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the mment ,the minute, the secnd, the instant,etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, the last time, the first time,以及the day, the year, the mrning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句, etc.
I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets here.I started the very mment I gt yur letter.
3. 副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...)
4.句型类：n sner…than…, hardly/scarcely… when…, etc. (一…就…)
e.g. I will give yu an answer immediately I finish my wrk. The machine will start instantly yu press the buttn.
e.g She had n sner heard the news than she fainted. N sner had she heard the news than she fainted. Scarcely had he gne when she appeared.
注意:用于句首时应引起部分倒装, 且前部分一般用过去完成时
I was ding sme cking when the drbell rang.He was abut t g shpping when his mther came hme.While yu are in Beijing, can yu cllect sme red leaves fr me?
我正在做饭，这时，门铃响了。
你在北京期间能为我收集一些红叶吗？
＝The drbell rang when I was ding sme cking.
他刚要去购物这时他妈妈回来了。
The students rse as the teacher entered the classrm. As time ges by, it is getting clder and clder.= With time ______ by, The students sang as they went alng.
(1) as 着重强调主句和从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生
(2)as还可以表示“随着……”，如：
(3) As 还能表示“一边……一边”，如：
（一）：when, while, as_______________ we were talking, Mr. Smiths came in._____ they came hme, I was cking dinner. I was abut t g t bed _______ I heard smene knck at the dr.4. ________ we were watching TV, he was studying.5. He is fat _______ his brther is thin.6. ______ she sang, tears ran dwn her face.
While/ As/ When
as引导的时间状语从句, 可以表达“正当……”， “一 边……一边……”，“随着……”等意思。
1. 表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。 As the sun rse, the fg disappeared.
2. 表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。 Just as he was speaking there was a lud explsin.
3. 表示两个动作同时发生。 Helen sang a sng as she washed.
4. 表示“随着…..”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。As she grew lder, she became mre beautiful.
as, while , when的区别
while:持续性动词 ／进行时
＊一般或现在情况＊将来情况－V一般现在时或现在进行时＊过去情况
e.g. I like listening t music while I am ding my hmewrk.
e.g.— I’m ging t the pst ffice. -- While yu are there, can yu get sme stamps fr me?
e.g. I hurt my shuld while I was ding gym.
While I was walking dwn the street, I came acrss an ld friend. ( while=_______)While I really dn’t like art, I find his wrk impressive. ( while =_________ )While there is life there is hpe. (while = __________ )He likes pp music, while I am fnd f flk music.
While 在句中的不同含义:
when: 持续性／非持续性动词都可
＊当……时＊正在……忽然
e.g. When I first saw her, I fell in lve with her. ---When did yu get hme? ---It was eight ’clck when I gt hme.
They were walking dwn the street when they saw an accident.2) I was abut t g swimming when ur guide stpped me.
＊尽管／虽然／鉴于／如果／届时／
e.g. He walks when he might take a taxi. The Queen will visit the twn in May, whenshe will pen the new hspital. Hw can yu hpe fr mercy yurself whenyu shw nne? Hw culd I live in Ls Angeles when all myfavrite peple live here?
when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译:
主将从现主祈从现主过从过
主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时---主将从现Eg：When he arrives, I will call yu.
主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时---主祈从现Eg：Please call me when he arrives in Beijing.
主句是过去的时态，从句用过去的时态---主过从过Eg：She was sleeping while I was reading bks.
He had left the twn the day ______ she arrived.It was nt lng ______ he left his hmetwn.I played ftball _____ I (had) finished my hmewrkPlease tell her I’ll cme _______ I d sme shpping.5. It will nt be lng ______ we meet each ther again.6. I __________ (be) at his bedside since he _______ (becme) ill.7. It ____________ (be) tw years since we _______ (begin) t use this machine.
is/ has been
befre引导的时间状语从句
◆ befre引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
We clean the classrm befre we leave schl every day.
It will nt be lng befre yu regret fr what yu’ve dne.不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。
after引导的时间状语从句
◆ after引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
After yu use plastic bags, yu mustn’t thrw them abut.用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。
1）It will be tw years befre he leaves the cuntry. 2）It was three weeks befre he came back.3） It wn’t be lng befre she cmes back. 4） It wasn’t lng befre he left the cuntry.
“要过两年他才会离开这个国家”
“要不了多久她就会回来的”
“没过多久他就离开这个国家了”
It is …befre… 结构
从句和主句的时态： 1. 一致：过去式 2.主将从现
It will be tw years befre he leaves the cuntry.It was nt lng befre he wrked ut the prblem.
a. It is three years since she jined the army.b. It is fur years since she smked.
3）句型It be＋一段时间＋since… ,该句型主句和从句中动词谓语时态的搭配很严格。It is/has been … since sb. did sth.
从句谓语动词为延续性动词
since引导的时间状语从句
◆ since引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
We haven’t seen each ther since we parted.
常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间段 + since从句 “自从……有多长时间了 ”
例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。
It has been (is) six years since she graduated frm the university.
I slept until the clck alarmed. I didn't sleep until my father came back.
我一直睡到闹钟响为止。
直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
until/ till引导的时间状语从句
◆ until / till 引导的时间状语从句，常译为“直到……时”，表示主句动作发生在从句之前。
◆当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。
例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。
I’ll stay here until yu cme back.
◆当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 主句常用否定形式。 nt… until…“直到……才……”，这时until 可用befre替换。
He didn’t g t bed until he finished his hmewrk.
例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。
The mment I heard the vice，I knew my father was cming. The by burst int tears immediately he saw his mther.
我一听到那个声音就知道我爸爸来了。
那男孩一见到他的妈妈便放声大哭。
as sn as引导的时间状语从句
◆ as sn as 引导的时间状语从句，译为“一…就…”，表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。
例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
I will tell him abut it as sn as he cmes back.
◆相当于as sn as 用法的词或短语还有：immediately, directly, instantly, the mment, the minute, the instant等.
I’ll give him yur message the minute he arrives.
Directly I had dne it, I knew I had made a mistake.
N sner had he sat dwn than the phne rang. Hardly had the game begun when it started t rain.
他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
比赛刚刚开始，天就开始下起雨来。
3、We had _______________returned hme when it rained.4、_______________ had we begun when we tld t stp.
hardly/scarcely
Hardly/ Scarcely
其他连词引导的时间状语从句
◆ n sner… than…, hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when…引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当n sner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
I had n sner begun t talk than he rang ff. N sner had I begun t talk than he rang ff. 我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。
Every time I see the film, I can't help recalling my childhd in the cuntryside. Call me earlier next time yu cme t Shanghai.
每次看那部电影时，我就忍不住回想起自己在农村度过的童年。
你下次来上海时再早点儿给我打电话。
名词短语引导的时间状语从句
◆ the mment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hur, the day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, any time等也可以引导时间状语从句。
I thught her nice and hnest the first time I saw her.
By the time yu arrived, the lecture had already ended.
By the time he cmes, we will already have left.
1. When every time I was in truble, he wuld cme t help me.2.   At next time yu cme, d remember bring yur sn here.3.  Fr the first time I met the girl. I felt in lve with her.4. Yu are welcme t cme back at any time yu want t.5. At the last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.语法规则：
every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。
考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句
地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。
e.g. a. Just stay where yu are. b. Where there is a will, there is a way. c. Yu can sit wherever yu like. d. Wherever yu g, I’ll be right here waiting fr yu.
When he reads a bk, his habit is t make a mark ___ the meaning is unclear t him. A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which
原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because, as, since, nw that, fr,和cnsidering that, seeing that 这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。
e.g. He didn’t cme t schl because he was ill.
c.f. He might be ill, fr he didn’t cme t schl.
表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。
because, since, as, fr的区别:
because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强. 回答why的问题。since – 通常放句首．译为“既然”as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。fr– 放句中，引导后半句表原因, 或补充推断的理由。
1. I danced in frnt f the peple _________ I liked it.2. Yu’d better wear strng shes _____ we’ll d a lt f walking.3. ____ he was nt well, I decided t g withut him.4. ______ everybdy knw abut it, I dn’t want t talk any mre.5. He must be ill, ____ he is absent Tday.6. Sme peple believe that ______ il is running ut, the fate f the mtr industry is uncertain.
条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。
条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非), as / s lng as (只要), n cnditin (只要), nce ( 一旦), in case (假使) , prviding / prvided (that) 等。
a.We’ll cme ver t see yu n Saturday if we have time.b. We shuld serve the peple as / s lng as we live.
____ yu tuch an English persn, yu shuld say “srry”. _____ they are dirty, certain seas are nt able t clean themselves. __________ we dn’t lse heart, we’ll find a way t vercme the difficulty. Yu can be allwed t play the game ___________yu finish yur hmewrk first. Dn’t tuch anything ______ yur teacher tells yu t.
n cnditin that
在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。常用引导词：thugh, althugh, even if, even thugh,n matter + 疑问词(what/ wh/ where/ when/ which/ hw)疑问词-ever(whatever, whever, wherever, whenever, hwever, whichever)
特殊引导词： as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)， while ( 一般用在句首 )， whether… r… , whether (…) r nt
thugh, althugh
◆ 判断以下句子是否正确：Althugh he is rich, but he is nt happy. Althugh he is rich, yet he is nt happy. Althugh we have grwn up, ur parents still treat us as children.
◆要点归纳：thugh, althugh当“虽然”讲, 都不能和 but 连用. 但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.
ever if, even thugh
even if 和 even thugh 表示“ ”
We’ll make a trip even thugh the weather is bad.
as引导让步状语从句
as 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的 、 、以及谓语中的 提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需 。
Thugh he wrks hard, he makes little prgress.
Hard as/thugh he wrks, he makes little prgress.
Thugh he was a child, he knew what was the right thing t d.
Child as/thugh he was, he knew what was the right thing t d.
Thugh yu may bject, I’ll g.
Object as yu may, I’ll g.
whether… r… , whether (…) r nt
whether… r… , whether … r nt 表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
Whether yu believe it r nt, it is true.
Yu’ll have t attend the party whether yu are free r busy.
while 也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，语气比thugh/ althugh弱。其引导的从句一般位于 。
例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。
While I like its clr, I dn’t like its shape.
n matter + 疑问词 疑问词-ever
N matter what happened, he wuld nt mind. Whatever happened, he wuld nt mind.
替换：n matter what = whatever 　　 n matter wh = whever 　　 n matter when = whenever 　　 n matter where = wherever 　　 n matter which = whichever 　 　n matter hw = hwever
判断正误：N matter what yu say is f n use nw. Whatever yu say is f n use nw.
归纳：n matter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句，而 “疑问词+ever”则可以
引导目的状语从句的连词:
in rder that …
用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。
a. 较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，s 有时可省; 从句中要有情态动词, 否则, 就成为下一种句型：
b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。
fr fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。
e.g. a. We’ll sit nearer the frnt s that we can hear better. b. I shall write it dwn lest I shuld frget.
注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用 s as t d … 或 in rder t d …
e.g. He ran fast s that he might arrive there befre ten ’clck. →
He ran fast s as t arrive there befre ten ’clck.
结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由 s, s … that, such … that; s that 等引导。
a. S quickly did he run that I culdn’t catch up with him. b. The bus brke dwn s that we had t walk hme. c. She is such a gd teacher that everyne admires her.★d. He gt t the statin finally, nly t find the train had left.
描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导: as, just as, as if, as thugh, the way (that), in the way (that)等。
a. We must d as the Party tells us. b. Leave the things as they are. c. Mst plants need sunlight just as they need water. d. It sunds as if it is raining. e. They did it in a way that I had never seen befre. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事。 f. As water is t fish, s air is t man.　 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水
比较状语从句常由下列词语引导： as …as, nt s / as … as, mre…than, less … than, the mre + adj. / adv., the mre + adj. / adv.
a. He is nt s / as healthy as his brther. b. They jumped up and dwn as hard as they culd. c. Jhn is less clever than Peter.d. The busier he is, the happier he feels.e. The jb is nt s difficult as I thught it wuld be.f. Send fr a dctr as sn as (it is ) pssible.
Yu are t find it where yu left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives. （定语从句中有先行词）I dn’t knw where he came frm.（宾语从句）Where he has gne is nt knwn yet. （主语从句）This place is where they nce hid.（表语从句）
★ 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where和as为例，能引导多种从句。
“as” 用于不同的状语从句中1. She sang as she wrked. 2. Smart as he is ,he desn’t study hard.3. Yu must try t d as I did.4. She desn’t d her wrk as carefully as I.
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况省略或变化： “系表”结构省略be动词； 被动语态省略助动词be； 主动语态的动词则变为ding。
The flwer his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every if (I am) invited, I wn’t g there.Once (yu are) caught sleeping in class, yu’ll be punished by yur head-teacher .Thugh (he was) surprised t see us, he gave us a warm welcme.She wn’t speak t anyne unless (she is) asked t.When (it is) cmpared with the ld ne, ur new huse is really like a palace. These yung man vlunteered t g wherever (they are) needed.
部分状语从句可用省略形式： even if, if , nce, while, thugh, unless, when, as if etc.
If necessary (如果有必要的话), I’ll explain it t yu again.Thugh lacking (lack) mney, they sent their children t schl.He stpped as if t see (see) if smene fllwed him.
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 When ( the museum is ) cmpleted , the museum will be pen t the public next year . If (it is) pssible, he will help yu ut f the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。
When asked abut the pssibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Petersn, wh has taken charge f the case, tld jurnalists, “smetimes peple make up such amazing stries…”
When Sam Petersn was asked…
从句的主语是it,且从句含有be动词
状语从句中，句子主语和be动词省略
If _______ pssible, he will help yu ut f difficulty.She lked anxius as thugh _________ in truble.The cncert was a great success than ______ expected.
Once ut in the street, she walked quickly twards her usual bus stp. P(2)
Once (she was) ut in the street,…
(2013.江西高考) If ___ t lk after luggage fr smene else, infrm the plice at nce. A asked B t ask C asking D having asked
(2013.浙江高考)There are sme health prblems that, when ____ in time, can becme bigger nes later n.A nt treatedB nt being treatedC nt t be treatedD nt having been treated
When they are nt treated in time
1._____________________ (在北京的时候), I paid a visit t the Summer Palace. 2. ______________________(当是个年轻人的时候), Abraham Lincln was a strekeeper and a pstmaster. 3. He has n mney. ______ (要是有的话), he will give us. 4._____________(除非修理), the machine is f n use. 5. _______________________(要是给更多的关注), The by culd have turned ut better. 6. A girl std at the gate f the schl as if _________ _____________________(正跟老师讲话).
When/While in Beijing
When/As a yung man
Unless repaired
If given mre attentin t
talking with a teacher
省略在As if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多.
1. Tm raised his hand as if ________t say smething. 2. He acted as if _______ a fl. 3. She left the rm hurriedly as if ________ angry. 4.He stared at the girl as if _______ seeing her fr the first time. 5.The player is rlling n the grund as if _______hurt badly. 6. He pened the drawer as if ________ in search f smething imprtant.
 as if用于省略句中,如果as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。