中考二轮英语专项练 专题14 阅读理解之应用文类
展开中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
专题14 阅读理解之应用文类
【要点提炼】
考点扫描
阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。
阅读理解考试文体中一般会有一篇记叙文，话题主要是关于人物经历及感受、咨询或建议、特殊人物介绍、跨文化介绍和活动计划等，形式可为日记、对话或短文等。考查方式上多为4道细节理解题和1道推理判断题或1道主旨大意题。
阅读理解考试也少不了应用文体，主要为海报信息、旅游信息和广告信息等广告图表类等，- -般图表为1~4个框，框前有对表格整体内容的文字介绍。试题的选材贴近考生生活，时代气息浓郁，考查方式上多为3~5道细节理解题，偶尔考查1道数字计算题或1道推理判断题。
阅读理解也会出现说明文。话题多涉及个人成长、咨询或建议、特殊人物介绍、跨文化介绍等。文章以传递生活和学习正能量为主。如:梦想的重要性、如何面对生活、产生痛苦的原因及解决方法等。考查方式为:前两道小题多为细节理解题，中间1道为词义猜测题，1道为推理判断题，1道为主旨大意题或标题归纳题。
做题技巧
一、快速浏览问题。
读问题时最好能判断哪些问题可在文章中直接找出答案，哪些需要下结论等。
二、带着问题重读。
重读时，务必在头脑中记下尚未回答的问题，对文章有总体理解，注意文章的一些细微之处。此方法特别适用于表格型文体和罗列各种信息的文章。阅读前明确任务，设置各种阅读活动，培养自己有目的的阅读，这是提高阅读能力的一种实用技巧。
可采用以下几种方法训练:
1. 题干定位法
题干定位法属于“查读法”的一种。应用文阅读材料包含的信息非常全面，但在中考试题中，它通常就某一点提问。 因此，以细节理解为主，考生完全没必要从头到尾仔细阅读。在做此类题时，宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，从而快速寻找有效信息。再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座;如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。
2.补全成分法
省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。
3.信息再加工法
此方法主要用于词义或句意推测题，以及涉及数字转换的判断推理题。此类题目需要考生对原文相关信息做正确理解,并通过推理判断或计算，对信息进行再加工。
【专题真题训练】
（一）【江西省中考】
This is the school timetable of Class One, Grade Three, Sunshine School on Monday.
8:00—10:00 am | Technology In this lesson, students learn how to surf the Internet safely and effectively. |
10:00—11;00 am | Drama During this lesson, students will have the chance to act out roles with other students. |
11:00—11:45 am | Painting Students learn how to use watercolors properly. If the weather is good, the lesson may take place outdoors. |
| LUNCH |
1:00—2:00 pm | Science (Biology or chemistry) Students can choose which class to attend. In biology this week, students will learn about the bones in humans. In chemistry, the subject is How explosions happen. |
2:00—3:45 pm | SPORTS |
2:00 pm | Theory(理论) Students learn about the skills used in a certain sport. We see real action from past games on videos. |
3:00 pm | Practice Students will play a short match lasting 45 minutes. This week, the sports are soccer(the boys) and volleyball(for girls). |
Homework Technology — the teacher will give students websites to look up (about 20 minutes) Drama — students have to learn a part for the next lesson (30-60 minutes) Biology/chemistry — students have to write a report of the lesson(about 40 minutes) | |
1. What time does the drama lesson begin?
A. At 8:00 am. B. At 10:00 am. C. At 1:00 pm. D. At 2:00 pm.
2. How long does the science homework take?
A. At least 90 minutes. B. About 20 minutes.
C. More than 60 minutes. D. About 40 minutes.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the timetable?
A. Students always take their painting lessons outsides.
B. Boy students will play a short soccer match this week.
C. Students will use skills in real games in the theory lesson.
D. Students learn how to fix computers in the technology lesson.
（二）【江苏省苏州市】
School holiday activities at the library
| Activity When Cost Who | Cartooning with Eva Leung Tuesday 7 June, 9—11 a.m. ﹩3.00 to. cover the cost of art paper and pencils 5 to 8-year-olds |
Activity When Cost Who | Cartooning with Eva Leung Wednesday 8 June, 9—11 a.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of art paper and pencils 9 to 10-year-olds | |
Eva Leung is famous for her cartoons published regularly in KIDStime magazine | ||
Activity When Cost Who | Kite-making Wednesday 8 June, 2—4 p.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of paper, string and other materials 5 to 10-year-olds | |
Activity When Cost Who | Kite-making Thursday 9 June, 2—4 p.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of paper, string and other materials 5 to 10-year-olds | |
4. Who is this poster for?
A. Cartoonists. B. Librarians. C. Writers. D. Children.
5. On which day are there two different activities?
A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Wednesday. D. Thursday.
6. Why are there two cartooning classes on the program?
A. Because the classes are for different age groups.
B. Because more time is needed to learn cartooning
C. Because there is a strict limit on numbers for each class.
D. Because some children might want to do both the classes.
（三）【湖南省郴州市】
阅读下面的图表, 完成下列小题。
Shopping Guide in Jixang Hypermarket | |
5F | Restaurant, Tea house, Coffee house, Cinema |
4F | Children’s clothing, Children’s pleasure ground |
3F | Men’s clothing, Sports clothing |
2F | Women’s clothing |
1F | Fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs, drinks, cooked food, etc. |
Business hours: Weekdays: 8:00 a.m.—9:30 p.m. Weekends: 8:30 a.m.—10:00 p.m. | |
7. You can buy a shirt for your father on _________.
A. the third floor B. the fourth floor C. the fifth floor
8. According to the guide, you can go shopping at _________ on weekends.
A. 8:00 a.m. B. 9:30 p.m. C. 10:30 p.m.
（四）【湖南省郴州市】
阅读下面的图表, 完成下列小题。
Huawei has announced today that smartphone sales abroad in 2018 have reached over 200 million units. In recent months the company has become the No. 2 supplier（供应商）of smartphones, ahead of Apple and behind Samsung, marking a great progress Huawei has made since it entered this market eight years ago. | |
An extended version of the Fuzing bullet train will be fitted with the automatic train operation system（列车自动控制系统）. With a design speed of 350 kilometers per hour, the new train is 439.8 meters long, with 17 carriages（火车车厢）that can carry 1283 passengers . | |
The world’s first 5G-enabled railway station is on its way! The Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station is the first railway station built upon the 5G digital（数字的）indoor system, with China Mobile and Huawei launching（发射）the network’s system there. |
9. In recent months, which company has become the No. 2 supplier of smartphones?
A. Samsung. B. Huawei. C. Apple.
10. An extended version of the Fuzing bullet train can reach the speed of _________.
A. 350 kilometers per hour
B. 200 kilometers per hour
C. 128 kilometers per hour
11. _________ will be the world’s first 5G-enabled railway station?
A. Beijing Railway Station
B. Shenzhen Railway Station
C. The Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station
（五）【浙江省杭州市】
The Coffee Pot Restaurant We’re looking for Saturday assistants (帮手) in our busy town centre restaurant. The job will include setting and clearing tables, serving customers and helping in the kitchen. We’re looking for polite and patient people who can work under pressure. Hours: 10 am-4 pm including a half-hour lunch break. Pay: £5 an hour + lunch |
| Film Extras Wanted Have you ever wanted to be in the movies? Are you interested in acting? We’re making a film in the local area during July and August and we’ll need several young people as extras (临时演员). We’re looking for active and social 14-18-year-olds. Pay: £50 a day + meals. Please include a recent photograph in your application. |
Newspaper Boys/Girls We’re looking for honest young people to deliver (投递) newspapers and magazines. We need one person for morning deliveries (7-8) and two people for evening deliveries (5-6). You must be at least 13 years old and have your own bicycle. For morning deliveries you need to be good at getting up early, too! Pay: £30 a week When you apply (申请), please say whether you prefer mornings or evenings. |
| PART-TIME ASSISTANTS WANTED Shop’n’Save Supermarket needs two young people (14-18) for evening and weekend work. The job includes helping customers, putting things on the shelves, collecting trolleys, etc. Hours: 5-7 evenings or 10-5 Saturdays and Sundays. Pay: £4 an hour and free lunch for weekend hours |
12. To be a film extra, one has to be _________.
A. polite and patient B. active and social
C. honest and strong D. helpful and careful
13. A part-time assistant at Shop’n’Save Supermarket needs to _________.
A. set and clear tables B. provide a photo
C. deliver newspapers D. help customers
14. If 13-year-old Tom is free from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm, which job can he apply for?
A. A restaurant assistant. B. A film extra.
C. A newspaper boy. D. A supermarket assistant.
（六）【浙江省湖州市】
Summer
Culture
"What is your teen doing this summer?"
Welcome a student from France or Spain into your family!
Host a student from Spain or France and experience his/her life and culture.
Exchange students from Spain and France are looking for welcoming warm, fun and loving hosts who will share life and culture with them for a few weeks in June, July and August. Stays can be from 3 to 6 weeks.
What to do with your exchange student
Movies / Museums / Beach / Cooking / Baking / Community projects /
Volunteering / Hanging out / Shopping / Disneyland/ anything you can think of.
Requirements to host:
Loving, active, outgoing family
One stay-at home. Or part time host parent
Teen in the home within 4 years of age of the exchange student
Willing to take students to places or interest once a week(maybe visiting them next summer at their home countries)
If you are interested and would like more information, please contact:
Shirley Wentzell 909-918-6715
Email: Shirley@ uceus.com
15. Exchange students from France or Spain will possibly stay for _____________ in host families.
A. 10 days B. 5 weeks C. 2 months D. 1 year
16. According to the passage, we can learn that ________________.
A. exchange students will come back next summer
B. exchange students have to cook dinner by themselves
C. parents in a host family should have full-time jobs
D. teens in host families can experience different cultures
17. The text above is probably a _____________.
A. letter B. notice C. poster D. diary
（七）【湖北省鄂州市】
The Latest Books
My ABCs by: Disney Book Group Released: April 3, 2018 Pages: 14 Age Range: 0 – 2 | Santa Bruce by: Ryan T. Higgins Released: September 4, 2018 Pages: 48 Age Range: 3 – 5 |
Solo: Star Wars by: Lucasfilm Press Released: September 4, 2018 Pages: 32 Age Range: 6 – 8 | Magic Book: Spells by: Amber Benson, Daron Nefcy Dominic Bisignano Released: September 11, 2018 Pages: 288 Age Range: 9 – 12 |
18. If Tom is 3 years old, he can choose _____________ to read.
A. Magic Book: Spells B. Solo: Star Wars
C. Santa Bruce D. My ABCs
19. Who wrote ＂Solo: Star Wars＂?
A. Amber Benson. B. Lucasfilm Press.
C. Ryan T. Higgins. D. Disney Book Group.
20. Which book has the most pages?
A. My ABCs. B. Santa Bruce.
C. Solo: Star Wars. D. Magic Book: Spells.
21. What is true about My ABCs?
A. It was written by Ryan T. Higgins. B. It has thirty-two pages.
C. A 6-year-old girl can read it. D. It came out on April 3, 2018.
22. The passage may be _____________.
A. a story B. an advertisement C. a novel D. a poem
（八）【山东省济宁市】
MISSING CAT
We cannot find our cat! We miss him very much. Please help us!
How he Looks：
He is brown and white. His front paws are white like boxing gloves. His name is Boxer.
How he sounds：
Boxer is big, but the cries like a kitten(幼猫). If you hear a tiny meow and see that it is coming from a big, strong cat, then you have found Boxer!
IF you see HIM：
Please call 55-5555 or bring him to our house at 10 Cherry Lane. We will give you a reward.
23. What is the purpose of the material above?
A. To sell a cat. B. To buy a cat.
C. To show a lovely cat. D. To find a missing cat.
24. Which of the following is completely right about the cat?
A. Name： Boxer
Color; Brown & white
Size : Big
Sound: Like a baby cat
B. Name: Boxer
Color： Brown & white
Size ： Tiny
Sound: Like a baby cat
C. Name: Missing cat
Color: Brown & white
Size: Big
Sound: Like a baby cat
D. Name: Missing cat
Color: Brown & white
Size : Big
Sound: Loud
25. What should you do if you see the cat?
A. Leave him alone B. Bring him to the police
C. Keep him in your house D. Either call or see the owner.
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