中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点26 完形填空之说明文

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中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。


【讲通练透】考点26 完形填空之说明文
一、命题特点分析：
1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
二、解题方法：
1. 快速弄清文章大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。

（一）
Focus on the trees（专注森林）
Do you use a smart phone every day? What do you usually do with your phone? Phones are very ___1___ in our daily lives. However, they can cause some ___2___. It can be ___3___ to keep focused（专注）these days. When working on your homework, you might sometimes find that your smart phone is distracting（分心）you. ___4___, your smart phone can distract you when you are doing other things, such as having dinner, staying with friends, reading books…
A(n) ___5___ called Forest can help you keep focused. You can download the app if you want to get off your ___6___ and focus on more important things. When you set（设置）a new task（任务）in the app and set time to finish it, a tree seed（种子）will be “planted” in the app. If you keep doing your ___7___, the seed will grow into a tree. But if you close the app and play with your phone ___8___, the tree will wither（枯萎）and die. Once you ___9___ the work, your tree will be “planted” in the app. If you keep trying, you will have a ____10____ one day! You can share your achievements（成就）with your friends and try to “plant” different kinds of trees.
Don’t you think it is interesting and meaningful?
1．A．terrible B．important C．relaxing D．boring
2．A．problems B．danger C．discussion D．questions
3．A．difficult B．necessary C．simple D．educational
4．A．However B．Also C．Though D．Luckily
5．A．book B．app C．magazine D．film
6．A．homework B．game C．phone D．schoolwork
7．A．work B．plan C．task D．activity
8．A．instead（相反的） B．finally C．soon D．happily
9．A．stop B．finish C．start D．choose
10．A．tree B．study C．success D．forest
（二）
Customers in the US spend less money on Black Friday than previous (以前的) years.
Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving in the US. Thanksgiving is always the fourth ____11____ in November.
Black Friday is traditionally the day when the Christmas shopping period begins. It is usually one of the ____12____ days of the year for sellers.
Many sellers ____13____ their prices to encourage shoppers to spend their money. Some customers arrive at stores before they open, and wait in line for a chance to buy ____14____ things.
Last year, Americans ____15____ a total of $57.4 billion over the four days (from Thursday to Sunday). However, this year, experts think that the amount will ____16____ to around $ 50.9 billion.
Black Friday started in the US, but has become more popular in other ____17____ recently.
Many customers from the UK have started spending more money on Black Friday, even though British people don't celebrate Thanksgiving.
Online seller Amazon UK said that Friday was its busiest day ever. According to the ____18____, customers bought 5.5 million products on Friday, which was around 64 things per second.
Many stores in the UK also offered cheap ____19____, such as TVs, coffee machines and other electronic products.
In some stores shoppers _____20_____ to leave the store, even though all of the products had already been sold out.
11．A．Monday B．Tuesday C．Wednesday D．Thursday
12．A．busiest B．coldest C．quietest D．longest
13．A．raise B．rise C．reduce D．change
14．A．heavy B．big C．cheap D．special
15．A．made B．spent C．took D．paid
16．A．increase B．add C．drop D．get
17．A．cities B．mountains C．towns D．countries
18．A．website B．study C．story D．diary
19．A．vegetables B．products C．fruits D．snacks
20．A．hoped B．decided C．refused D．tried
（三）
Have you ever heard of e-waste (electric waste,电子垃圾)? How do you deal with your MP4 players, mobile phones and your computer when they’re broken or you want a new one?
Most people just throw them away. With the ___21___ of electric industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only ___22___ less than 20% of it. The US was ___23___ waster, producing 7.1 million tons. China came second, ___24___ 6 million tons.
It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can ___25___ be valuable or harmful, depending on how we deal with it. E-waste is a valuable urban mine (城市矿藏) .The value of the metals, like gold and silver is ___26___ . And the metals can be reused. But if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals (有毒化学物质) can ___27___ the earth or air. They will affect the environment and people’s health.
Now, Apple recycles people’s used products in China when they are buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used ___28___ and sell them at lower prices. ___29___ e-waste, we can also take computers and phones to see ____30____ companies offer recycling programs.
21．A．developing B．developed C．development
22．A．recycled B．rebuilt C．researched
23．A．big B．bigger C．the biggest
24．A．during B．with C．between
25．A．both B．either C．neither
26．A．amazing B．disappointing C．boring
27．A．get up B．get into C．get on
28．A．them B．those C．ones
29．A．To increase B．To reduce C．To keep
30．A．that B．where C．whether
（四）
It is a cold and dry winter morning. When you ___31___, you suddenly feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a second. Could it just be a ___32___cold or the flu that's been going around?
A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But it's usually easy to___33___with. Some take medicine such as aspirin (阿司匹林)___34___others try home treatments like herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.
The flu on the other hand can be much more___35___. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can be deadly. The worst flu, the so-called Spanish Flu of 1918 to 1919, killed about 50 million people, according to The Atlantic.
Don't worry. Getting a flu vaccine (流感疫苗) can___36___you from the virus. Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes our body to develop antibodies （抗体). ___37___next time you get the flu, the antibodies can help protect you.
Unfortunately, the flu virus___38___every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as H1N1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can't protect us against all types of flu. That's___39___we need to get the vaccine every year.
However, good health____40____may also help to prevent a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps protect you from viruses. Getting regular exercise and eating healthy food is also important. All these can help you strengthen your immune system (免疫系统).
31．A．stand up B．turn up C．give up D．wake up
32．A．common B．little C．popular D．strange
33．A．agree B．deal C．meet D．start
34．A．because B．after C．until D．while
35．A．interesting B．familiar C．dangerous D．smooth
36．A．protect B．leave C．recover D．draw
37．A．So B．Unless C．Since D．As
38．A．stops B．changes C．spreads D．kills
39．A．how B．when C．whether D．why
40．A．clubs B．customs C．habits D．hobbies
（五）
For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They___41___cloth, dyes(染料) and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.
People progressed to making machines powered ___42___water and steam(蒸汽), and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories ___43___of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution(工业革命) changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on ___44___.
Companies built power plants(工厂) to make___45___to run the machines，factories and cities.
People did not realize these activities were___46___the Earth. They didn't realize oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up__47__. ___48___cities grew bigger and spread across the land. plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.
As time passed, people began to ___49___ the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). They saw that plants and animals needed protection，so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell____50____around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born. Each year，more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?
41．A．separated B．washed C．made D．mixed
42．A．as B．for C．with D．by
43．A．full B．proud C．sick D．short
44．A．mountains B．rivers C．grasslands D．farms
45．A．metal B．water C．electricity D．oil
46．A．helping B．harming C．wasting D．losing
47．A．clearly B．hardly C．quickly D．slowly
48．A．Before B．If C．As D．Though
49．A．forget B．see C．remember D．get
50．A．them B．other C．another D．others

（一）（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）
Do you like to drink hot water? Compared 1 people in most other countries, Chinese people especially like to drink warm water. Do you know why?
In the old days, people drank water from the 2 . The bacteria (细菌) in it could make them 3 . Ancient people around the world used different 4 to kill the bacteria in the water. For the Chinese, they thought drinking boiled water was the easiest way to protect 5 from the harmful bacteria.
What’s more, in traditional Chinese 6 , “yin” and “yang” mean cold and hot energy. It was believed that the power of your body 7 “yang”. And drinking hot water could nourish (滋养) the “yang” energy. That’s 8 traditional Chinese doctors always suggest people should not drink cold water.
Besides this, before people in northern China had central heating (中央供暖), it was hard for them 9 the cold in winter. Drinking hot water helped them keep warm. Another reason is that since the early 20th century, the Chinese government has 10 people to drink more warm water. It has also helped the Chinese to form this special habit.
1．A．at B．with C．of D．in
2．A．river B．desert C．moon D．fridge
3．A．healthy B．strong C．clever D．sick
4．A．ways B．tasks C．tools D．objects
5．A．ourselves B．himself C．themselves D．yourselves
6．A．medicine B．art C．music D．manner
7．A．cut off B．took off C．learnt from D．came from
8．A．how B．why C．which D．what
9．A．prevent B．preventing C．to prevent D．prevented
10．A．allowed B．planned C．warned D．encouraged
（二）
（2021·湖南张家界市·中考真题）
What makes us ill? It is the germs（细菌）. 18 are everywhere. The are very 19 . You can’t find them with your eyes, but you can see them 20 a microscope（显微镜）. There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.
Germs are always found in 21 water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see 22 . So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.
Germs are found not only in 23 . They are found 24 in air and dust（灰尘）. When you 25 your finger, if some dust from the floor goes into the cut, some germs would go into your finger. Then you will have much pain in it. Sometimes germs would go into all of your body, and you would have pain everywhere.
18．A．Germs B．Books C．Gardens
19．A．big B．small C．long
20．A．with B．to C．of
21．A．clean B．tidy C．dirty
22．A．them B．him C．they
23．A．food B．drink C．water
24．A．neither B．also C．too
25．A．cut B．check C．make
（三）
（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）
What do you know about Mars? What does it look like?
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in our solar system and is 46 after Mars, the Roman god of war. 47 diameter(直径) is 53% as 48 as that of the earth. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. You can tell 49 planet is Mars because it is bright red in the night sky. It 50 like a red and orange ball. It’s very beautiful. But during spring and summer, the surface of Mars is covered 51 strong storms. The gravity on the surface of Mars is about 52 as strong as it is on earth. So a person who weighs 90 kilos on earth weighs only 36 kilos on Mars. The temperature on Mars is 53 -138℃ and 28℃. The air has only 0.13% oxygen.
It takes a spaceship about eight months to 54 Mars from the earth when the two planets are 55 to each other. Scientists are still searching for more information about Mars.
46．A．name B．named C．names
47．A．It B．It’s C．Its
48．A．wide B．widely C．wider
49．A．that B．which C．what
50．A．be B．is C．looks
51．A．by B．in C．of
52．A．two-fifth B．two-fifths C．two fifth
53．A．among B．during C．between
54．A．reach B．get C．arrive
55．A．close B．closer C．closest
（四）
（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）
Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.
And scientists now say that 1 is one of the best way to keep fit. It can make you feel better and look better. Some say it can even make you live 2 .
All you need for naming, some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes. You don’t need to buy special clothes 3 you should get a good pair of sports shoes. And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your 4 shoes.
Some people find running boring, so cycling or swimming instead once in a while. Also, you shouldn’t exercise every day. It’s very important to 5 two or three times a week. You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate 6 . Do some leg exercises every week as well, because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.
If you’re a beginner, there are lots of ways to make exercise fun. You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend. Another idea is to run in a race. This can give you a(n） 7 to train and keep you interested in running.
1．A．running B．swimming C．cycling
2．A．long B．longer C．longest
3．A．and B．or C．but
4．A．usual B．clean C．different
5．A．play B．rest C．work
6．A．never B．often C．sometimes
7．A．reason B．excuse C．method
（五）
（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）

Little Women is Louisa May Alcott’s most famous novel. The novel follows the 8 of the four March sisters-Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy-and is based on the writer’s own 9 of growing up with her three sisters during the American Civil War（1861-1865）.
The main theme in the story is the importance of 10 . Other themes include the need to work and self-improvement.
When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are 11 and have to work. Their mother says that they mustn’t spend money on pleasure 12 there is a war and everybody must help. Their father is in the army. In the letters their father sends home, he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time. They must try to 13 the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful. He wants to be proud of them when he comes home. The girls decide to make an effort to 14 themselves because they love and miss their father very much.
Alcott was interested in women’s rights and through the four March sisters, she explored （探索）four different 15 of being a woman in those days. Meg leaves the family to get 16 and have a new family. Beth devotes （致力于）herself to 17 her own family. Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure. And Jo, like Alcott herself, tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time.
8．A．rules B．lives C．secrets
9．A．experiences B．expressions C．directions
10．A．friendship B．work C．family
11．A．poor B．rich C．clever
12．A．so B．because C．if
13．A．sell B．find C．accept
14．A．improve B．serve C．imagine
15．A．maps B．ways C．circles
16．A．dressed B．lost C．married
17．A．looking after B．looking for C．asking for
（六）
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Red Packets in Chinese Culture
Giving Hongbao (red packets) is a tradition in China. Traditional red pockets are often decorated with gold Chinese characters（汉字）, such as 28 and wealth.
How red packets are used
During Chinese New Year, 29 is (are) put inside red packets which are then handed out to younger generations by their parents, grandparents, relatives, and even close neighbours and friends.
The 30
Red represents luck and good fortune in Chinese culture. That is 31 red packets are used during Chinese New Year and other celebrations.
How to give and receive
Giving and receiving red packets is a 32 act. Therefore, red packets are always 33 and received with both hands.
Someone who receives a red packet at Chinese New Year or on his or her birthday should not 34 it in front of the giver. 35 , things are different at a Chinese wedding, where the guests usually give the red packets to the attendants and sign 36 names on a large scroll ( long piece of paper). The attendants will open the packets at once, 37 the money inside, and record it on a register（登记簿） next to the guests’ names.
The amount（数量）
The amount of money is relative to your relationship to the person who receives-the 38 your relationship is, the more money is expected. Anyway, it is not the amount of the money that matters, but the care and love you hold for others .
What not to gift
Certain amounts of money are to be 39 . Anything with a four is not good because four sounds similar to 40 in Chinese. Even numbers（偶数）, except four, are better than odd-as good things are believed to come in 41 . For example, gifting ＄20 is better than ＄21.
The money inside a red packet should 42 be new. Folding the money or giving dirty or wrinkled bills is in bad taste.
Hongbao is a symbol of love from others, as well as a sign of good luck.
28．A．praise B．dream C．happiness D．advice
29．A．paper B．money C．letters D．notes
30．A．colour B．size C．shape D．history
31．A．when B．why C．how D．where
32．A．strange B．simple C．smart D．serious
33．A．presented B．filled C．covered D．gathered
34．A．watch B．hide C．open D． accept
35．A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides
36．A．his B．their C．your D．our
37．A．count B．change C．choose D．collect
38．A．worse B．harder C．closer D．wider
39．A．avoided B．increased C．afforded D．returned
40．A．birth B．fear C．death D．envy
41．A．groups B．rows C．teams D．pairs
42．A．sometimes B．never C．seldom D．always

（一）（2020·江苏姑苏·一模）
When I got home the other day, I found a lovely red envelope(信封) waiting for me. It was a note from a friend of mine, congratulating(祝贺) me on my new book. It was ___1___ unexpected and joyful.
In a ___2___ world where everyone is too rushed for everything, here are some ways that you can be a more wonderful human:
Rediscover snail mail
And not just for life’s big events. Consider ___3___ ones you can stick a stamp on and send love toward. Maybe someone lost their dog, and you want to express your ___4___. Maybe a classmate did something brave, and you want to show gratefulness or thanks.
Smile and dial
When was the last time you ___5___ someone to wish them a happy birthday, to get well or to say thank you? Text messages are great. But when someone picks up the phone, you hear their voice and can share a laugh (or even a cry) together, and it ___6___ an emoji(表情符号) any day of the week.
Ask someone their goals + give a little something
Ask someone about their goals for the year is a very generous act. This kind of question goes ___7___surface(表面的) conversation and leads you to really get to know a person. Ask just out of curiosity.
Besides, give them something that might help them: a book, a connection, or even just a few words of ___8___.
Share your blessings
I made a promise earlier this year to give a little money every month to charity. I ___9___ myself often of something that Anne Frank wrote: “How wonderful it is that ____10____ need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.” The power’s always ours.
1．A．completely B．carefully C．correctly D．peacefully
2．A．lazy B．busy C．crazy D．silly
3．A．luckier B．better C．smaller D．stranger
4．A．sadness B．carelessness C．happiness D．illness
5．A．asked B．told C．mistake D．called
6．A．loses B．shuts C．steals D．beats
7．A．through B．beyond C．across D．for
8．A．encouragement B．development C．government D．instrument
9．A．reach B．record C．remind D．remember
10．A．everybody B．nobody C．anybody D．somebody
（二） （2021·山东·龙口市教学研究室期末）
Many people like ___1___ a lot. They are very cute. Most of them ___2___ in Sichuan, China. They are black and ___3___. They are usually heavy, but they can ___4___ trees like other animals. Pandas’ favorite food is bamboo leaves(竹叶). They spend a lot of time ___5___ food every day. When they are full (吃饱的), they like to relax. They relax many ___6___ every day. However, there aren’t ___7___ pandas in the world today. Because some people ___8___ down bamboo trees and pandas can’t ___9___ their food. I think we must ___10___ them.
1．A．pandas B．dogs C．elephants D．tigers
2．A．run B．drink C．live D．like
3．A．green B．red C．purple D．white
4．A．brush B．save C．climb D．help
5．A．eat B．eating C．eats D．to eat
6．A．hours B．days C．months D．years
7．A．too much B．too many C．much too D．many too
8．A．cut B．water C．put D．cook
9．A．leave B．find C．enjoy D．take
10．A．kill B．forget C．miss D．help
（三） （2021·全国·九年级）
What is a museum? A museum is a good place to keep ___11___ and beautiful things. A museum may be a place to learn about science. A museum can be a place __12__ art of humans or animals.
What is inside a museum? Some museums __13__ old cars and airplanes. __14__ museums have pictures and sculptures. Others have rocks and old bones. One museum even has ___15___ coal mine inside!
Many cities have museums. Some very small __16__ have museums， __17__ . Indianapolis has a __18__ museum. Children do not have to pay to get in. Children often go to the museum. They like __19__ at the dinosaur bones. They see a white bear ten feet tall，They go inside an old log cabin（小木屋）. On Saturday，Indianapolis children can ___20___ talks about animals and trees.
11．A．new B．old C．Good D．important
12．A．for B．in C．about D．on
13．A．has B．have C．there is D．there are
14．A．A bit B．A little C．Much D．Many
15．A．the B．an C．a D．/
16．A．homes B．towns C．villages D．countries
17．A．too B．also C．either D．neither
18．A．adults B．people's C．children's D．boy's
19．A．see B．to see C．look D．to look
20．A．listen B．listening C．hear D．hearing
（四） （2020·广东·九年级专题练习）
We live in computer age (时代). People __21__ scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago, __22__ couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. Very __23__ people were interested in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and __24__ . But they can do a lot of work, many people like to use them. Some people 5 have them at home.
Computers become very important because they can work __25__ than people and make fewer mistakes. Computers can __26__ people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to __27__ . Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to __28__ . Computers can also remember what you __29__ them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our friends. Do you want to have a computer?
21．A．like B．as C．and D．with
22．A．students B．scientists C．teachers D．computers
23．A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
24．A．cheap B．cheaper C．more expensive D．expensive
25．A．even B．still C．already D．yet
26．A．fast B．faster C．slow D．slower
27．A．help B．make C．stop D．use
28．A．write B．play C．study D．learn
29．A．sing B．study C．dance D．watch
30．A．put in B．put on C．put into D．put up