中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点18 疑问句
展开中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语,从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮:
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习,使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法,形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手,紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档,而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是:完成各部分知识的条 理,归纳,糅合,使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体,力求实现基础知识重点化,重点知识网络化,网络知识题型化,题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主,回扣教材,查缺补漏,进行强化训练。同时,要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法,使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
【讲通练透】考点18 疑问句
命题趋势:
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的句子,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句,备战2017年中考时要牢记陈述句的肯定形式及否定形式等用法。
疑问句可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句四大类。中考英语试题一般考查这些疑问句的结构及其回答。
中考考查重点:
1. 掌握陈述句的肯定式、否定式;
2. 除no,not以外的表否定意义的词;
3. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句的构成和基本用法;
4. 理解反意疑问句的构成和基本用法。
陈述句
陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。
考向一:陈述句的肯定句式
主要有五种基本句型:
1. 主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)
The rain stopped. 雨停了
2. 主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语
Children are playing basketball. 孩子们在打篮球。
3. 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语
Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。
4. 主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
My father bought me a computer. 我爸爸给我买了台电脑。
5. 主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语
He made his sister cried just now. 他刚刚把他妹妹弄哭了。
考向二:陈述句的否定句式
1. 若句中有连系动词be、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。
His mother has already called the police for help. 他的母亲已经报警求助了。
→His mother hasn’t called the police for help yet. 他的母亲还没有报警求助。
【典例】
Sometimes you’re supposed to come early. (变为否定句)
Sometimes you ____________ ____________ supposed to come early.
【答案】are not
【解析】因为句中有连系动词are,所以在变为否定句时,应在are后加not。
2. 原句中没有连系动词be、助动词或情态动词时,要在行为动词前加助动词(do,does,did)与否定副词not。并且要注意这时的行为动词要用原形。另外,还需要将原句中的some改为any,too改为either,already改为yet。
The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. 这位老人上周三腿受伤了。
→The old man didn’t hurt his leg last Wednesday. 这位老人上周三腿没有受伤。
【典例】
He has some good ideas.(改为否定句)
He ______ have ________ good ideas.
【答案】doesn't, any
【解析】has表示“有“ ,否定句要借助助动词doesn’t,some用于肯定句中,any用于疑问句或否定句中。
3. 英语中有些肯定句与not连用只表示部分否定,所以在变为否定句时,只需将其中的某一(些)词语变为否定词即可。常见的这类词有both→neither,all→none,both... and... →neither... nor...,everyone/each→no one/nobody,each/either→neither,a few→few,a little→little。
All the students are listening carefully.
→None of the students is/are listening carefully.
Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera.
→Neither Joy nor Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.
【典例】
—It’s unbelievable that 5G technology is progressing in such a rapid way!
—_______ is impossible.
A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything.
【答案】C
【解析】 考查不定代词的用法辨析。句意:——难以置信5G技术发展如此迅速!——没有什么是不可能的。此处是双重否定相当于肯定,相当于:Everything is possible. 故选C。
4. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think时,如果要否定后面的宾语从句,习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。
I think she will come here soon.
→I don’t think she will come here soon.
疑问句
考向一:一般疑问句
英语中的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。
1. 肯定形式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句的结构为"连系动词be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? "。
—Is he a good student? 他是一个好学生吗?
—Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/ No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
—Does he go to school by bike? 他骑自行车去上学吗?
—Yes, he does. 是的,他骑。/ No, he doesn’t. 不,他不骑。
【典例】
— Are there any notebooks on COVID-19 (新冠肺炎病毒) in your school?
— _______. They tell us how to protect ourselves in this big event.
A. Yes, they are B. Yes, there are C. Yes, there is D. Yes, it is
【答案】B
【解析】考查there be句型。句意:——你们学校有新冠肺炎病毒的笔记本吗?——是的,有。它们告诉我们在这个大事件中如何保护自己。Are there…句式的答语:Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t. 故选B。
2. 否定形式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶,通常在连系动词be,情态动词或助动词后加not的缩略式n’t,并放在句首。
—Aren’t you a writer? 难道你不是作家吗?
—No, I’m not. 是的,我不是。
【注意】在这样的句子中,要注意句子的翻译,yes翻译成"不",no翻译成"是的"。
【典例】
—What a fine day!Let’s go for a picnic, _______ ?
—Sounds like a good idea.
A. shall we B. don’t we C. can we
【答案】A
【解析】考查反意疑问句。以let’s构成的反意疑问句,其后面的简短疑问用shall we。故选A。
3. 用yes,no之外的词回答的一般疑问句
一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词回答,如:certainly,sure,of course,I think so,all right,certainly not,not at all,never,sorry,not yet,I’m afraid not等。
—Would you mind my joining your talk? 我加入你们的讨论,你们介意吗?
—Of course not. 当然不介意。
【典例】
— Do you want to try some wild duck?
—_____. We should protect wild animals.
A. No idea B. No problem C. No way D. No doubt
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意:—你想要品尝一些野鸭吗? —绝对不行。我们应当保护野生动物。No idea不知道;No problem没问题;No way绝对不行;No doubt毋庸置疑。结合句意故选C。
考向二:特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的基本结构是"疑问词 + 一般疑问句"。常见的疑问词有what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,what time,what color,how much,how many,how long,how often,how soon等。
1. 特殊疑问句的语序
疑问词作主语时,句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同。当疑问词作句子的宾语、状语等时,应用"疑问词 + 一般疑问句"结构。
Who will give us a talk? 谁将给我们做报告?(who作主语)
When do you get up every day? 你每天什么时候起床?(when作时间状语)
【典例】
到目前为止你看了多少部英文电影?(根据所给中文意思完成句子)
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ so far?
【答案】How many English films have you seen
【解析】film"电影"为可数名词,"多少部英文电影"应用how many English films表示,由so far可判断出要用现在完成时。
2. 否定形式的特殊疑问句
否定形式的特殊疑问句由"疑问词 + 一般疑问句的否定形式"构成,主要表示劝告、建议或责备等。
Why didn’t you tell me earlier? 你为什么不早点告诉我呢?
When can’t he come? 他什么时候不能来?
3. 对画线部分提问
这类题实际上就是将所给的陈述句变为特殊疑问句。解这类题时通常分三步完成:首先选准疑问词;然后改为疑问句语序;最后抄写剩余的部分。当对句子的主语提问时,其语序是"疑问词 + 谓语 + 其他成分? "。
Jack is over there.
→Who is over there?
He comes to China once a year.
→How often does he come to China?
【典例】
Lucy will leave for London on business in three hours. (对画线部分提问)
____________ ____________ will Lucy leave for London on business?
【答案】How soon
【解析】"in + 时间段"常与一般将来时连用,对此提问要用how soon,表示"多久"。
考向三:选择疑问句
要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句的最后两个供选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。
—Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞?
—I like Jerry. 我喜欢杰瑞。
—Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas? 你最喜欢哪样,苹果、橘子还是香蕉?
—I like apples best. 我最喜欢苹果。
【注意】选择疑问句不能用yes或no来回答。
【典例】
— What would you like, juice or coffee?
—_________. I just want a glass of water.
A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None.
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。both两者都;neither两者都不;either两者中任何一个;none三个或多者中没有一个。根据答语I just want a glass of water(我仅仅想要一杯水)可知我既不想要果汁,也不想要咖啡,空格处表达“两者都不”。故选B。
考向四:反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的特点
反意疑问句是由两部分构成的:前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。即"陈述句 + 附加疑问句"。反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循的原则是"三同一反",即:人称相同,动词相同,时态相同,前肯后否,前否后肯。
Mary is a worker, isn’t she? 玛丽是工人,是不是?
You won’t go to the Summer Palace tomorrow, will you? 明天你不去颐和园,是吗?
2. 反意疑问句的答语
对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就用yes回答;若事实是否定的,就用no回答。注意在"前否后肯"的反意疑问句的答语中,yes意为"不",no意为"是"。
—He isn’t going to the meeting, is he? 他不去参加会议,是吗?
—Yes, he is. 不,他要去。/ No, he isn’t. 对,他不去。
3. 常考的反意疑问句
初中阶段常考的反意疑问句有以下几种:
(1)There be句型构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句的主语应用there。
(×)There is a cat under the chair, isn’t it?
(√)There is a cat under the chair, isn’t there?
(2)如果陈述句中含有表示否定意义的词,如never,hardly,few,little等,在构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句部分需用肯定式。
I could hardly see the bird in the sky, could I? 我几乎看不见空中的鸟,对吗?
Jim’s never seen such a wonderful football match before, has he? 吉姆以前从没看过一场如此精彩的足球赛,是吗?
He dislikes volleyball, doesn’t he? 他不喜欢排球,是不是?
Jenny looks unhappy today, doesn’t she? 今天珍妮看起来不高兴,是不是?
(3)祈使句之后的附加疑问句
①一般祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用"will you? "或"won’t you? "。
(4)主从复合句构成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句部分通常与主句在主谓上保持一致;如果主从复合句为"I (don’t) think/believe + 宾语从句",附加疑问部分应与宾语从句在主谓上保持一致。
I think Tom runs fastest of all, doesn’t he? 我认为在所有人中汤姆跑得最快,对吗?
1.The girl in a red dress is my cousin. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ is your cousin?
2.The students at Moonlight Middle school learned how to cook last Friday. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ the students at Moonlight Middle school learn last Friday?
3.Mary stayed up late yesterday to prepare for the job interview.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ Mary stay up late yesterday?
4.I’m going to work in Shanghai. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ you going to work?
5.My sister’s weekend was great fun. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ your sister’s weekend?
6.He played computer games yesterday evening. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ he ________ yesterday evening?
7.The government will think of a new solution to this tough problem. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the government think of to this tough problem?
8.The green socks are only two dollars. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ are the green socks?
9.The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bel. (对划线部分提问)
_________ was the telephone invented _________ ?
10.I used to learn cooking by watching cooking videos. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ you use to learn cooking?
11.How much do these cards cost?(改为同义句)
___________ the ___________ of these cards?
12.He has more free time to exercise and have fun after Double Reduction.(改为一般疑问句)
________ he ________ more free time to exercise and have fun after Double Reduction?
13.The school trip was very interesting. (改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ school trip very interesting?
14.—Did you write to your friend yesterday? (补全答语)
—No, ________ ________.
15.Are these maps of China? (肯定回答)
Yes, __________ __________
1.(2021·西藏·中考真题)—________ will the plane take off?
—In half an hour.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
2.(2021·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ is singing over there?
—My sister. She likes singing.
A.How B.Who C.What D.When
3.(2021·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ is it from your school to your home?
—It’s about 10 minutes’ walk.
A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How much
4.(2021·上海·中考真题)The amusement park has received many visitors, ________?
A.has it B.hasn’t it C.does it D.doesn’t it
5.(2021·江苏无锡·中考真题)________ are you doing here, baby? You must go to bed. It’s late.
A.What B.Who C.When D.Where
6.(2021·江苏南通·中考真题)—________ does May look like?
—She is a pretty girl with big bright eyes and long straight hair.
A.How B.What C.Which D.Who
7.(2021·吉林长春·中考真题)—Do you often go to Jingyue Park, by car or by bike?
—________ I think it’s good for the environment and our health.
A.Yes, I do B.No, I don’t C.By bike D.By car
8.(2021·广西柳州·中考真题)—________ is the schoolbag?
—60 yuan.
A.How often B.How old C.How much
9.(2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—________ you ________ to Jim’s birthday party last night?
—Yes, I was. But I was too busy to be there.
A.Did; invited B.Were; invite C.Was; invited D.Were; invited
10.(2021·北京·中考真题)—________ shall we meet for the picnic?
—At the school gate.
A.How B.When C.Why D.Where
1.(2021·福建省惠安荷山中学模拟预测)— is it from your home to school?
— It’s near, just five minutes’ ride.
A.How long B.How far C.How soon
2.(2021·福建鼓楼·三模)—________ is it from the central downtown to Changle Binhai New District?
— About 45 minutes by Subway Line 6.
A.How far B.How long C.How soon
3.(2021·上海杨浦·三模)His words don’t seem surprising, _________?
A.does he B.isn’t he C.do they D.aren’t they
4.(2021·四川成都·二模)—Must I go to bed before 9 o’clock?
— No, you ________. You can go to bed by 10 o’clock.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t
5.(2021·四川沐川·二模)—_________ do you go to visit your grandparents? —Once a week.
A.How far B.How long C.How often
6.(2021·内蒙古扎兰屯·二模)—Must I hand in the report now, sir?
—________. You can hand it in tomorrow.
A.Yes, you can B.Yes, you must C.No, you needn’t D.No, you mustn’t
7.(2021·内蒙古莫力达瓦·一模)— __________ you __________ your book to the library?
— Yes. I returned it yesterday.
A.Did; return B.Have; returned C.Will; return D.Do; return
8.(2021·云南昭阳·一模)—Mary didn't come to school yesterday, did she?
— , though she was not feeling very well.
A.Yes, she did B.No, she didn't C.Yes, she didn't D.No, she did.
9.(2021·广西·南宁市天桃实验学校三模)—________ scarf is this?
—I don’t know. Maybe it’s Lily’s.
A.What B.Which C.Who’ s D.Whose
10.(2021·甘肃·平凉市崆峒区教育科学研究所一模)—Shall I tell Mike about it?
—No, you ________. He’s already been told.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.don’t D.needn’t
11.(2021·广西·富川瑶族自治县教学研究室一模)— Lisa, ________ will the new park be built?
— It will be built in the center of the city.
A.who B.where C.what D.why
12.(2021·内蒙古回民·二模)—Your aunt never travelled to Wuhan before, ________?
—________, though it is the first time, she thought it was an unforgettable experience in her life.
A.hasn’t she; Yes B.hasn’t she; No C.has she; Yes D.has she; No
13.(2021·江苏·射阳外国语学校一模) ________ your English teacher ________ you?
A.Do, strict with B.Does, strict in C.Is, strict with D.Is, strict in
14.(2021·安徽·合肥市第四十五中学二模)—Mary has gone out.
—Oh, has she? What time ________ she ________?
A.has; gone B.is; going C.will; go D.did; go
15.(2021·江苏宝应·二模)—How long ________ you ________ chemistry so far?
—For almost one year.
A.are; studying B.do; study C.have; studied D.will; study
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