专题09 名词、冠词、连词、代词、数词——【备考2023】高考英语必背知识点梳理+思维导图(全国通用版)
展开专题09 名词、冠词、连词、代词、数词
名词(Nouns)
重点用法① 名词的分类
用法:1.专有名词,指人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必须大写。
Professor Smith史密斯教授 the United Nations联合国
Yale University耶鲁大学 Children’s Day儿童节
2.普通名词,指一类人或事物或一个抽象的名称,包括个体名词、集体名词、抽象名词和物质名词四类。
dog狗 people人民 fruit水果
milk牛奶 cold寒冷 beauty美丽
重点用法② 可数名词和不可数名词
用法:名词有可数和不可数之分。表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词,表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词称为不可数名词。可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。单数可数名词前面一般要加不定冠词a/an,代词my,his或数词one等,不可单独使用。
a desk一张桌子 my computer我的电脑 three desks3张桌子
提示:不定冠词a/an常用在单数可数名词之前。a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前,如a computer(一台电脑)。an加在以元音音素开头的名词前,如an orange(一个橘子)。
注意:在“a/an+形容词+单数名词”的用法中,判断用a还是an,要看紧跟其后的形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词首字母的发音。如an elephant(一头大象),a strong elephant(一头强壮的大象)。
重点用法③ 可数名词的复数形式的规则变化
用法:1.一般情况下,词尾加-s。bed→beds床 page→pages页
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾,词尾加-es。box→boxes盒子 watch→watches手表
3.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es。leaf→leaves树叶 knife→knives刀子
4.以o结尾,词尾加-es或-s。hero→heroes英雄 radio→radios收音机
5.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加-es。baby→babies婴儿 city→cities城市
6.以元音字母加y结尾,直接加-s。boy→boys男孩儿 toy→toys玩具
7.以th结尾,词尾加-s。mouth→mouths嘴 month→months月份
提示:少数以f或fe结尾的可数名词变为复数时,只需在词尾直接加-s。
belief→beliefs信仰 chief→chiefs领导人
roof→roofs屋顶 safe→safes保险箱
注意:有些的单词的复数形式有两种,如zero(零)的复数形式可以是zeros,也可以是zeroes。
重点用法④ 可数名词的复数形式的不规则变化
用法:元音变化:tooth→teeth牙齿 man→men男人
词尾变化:ox→oxen牛 child→children孩子
单复数同形:fish→fish鱼 sheep→sheep绵羊
只有复数形式:clothes衣服 glasses眼镜
提示:表示“某国人”的名词复数形式因习惯不同而异。
词尾加-s:German→Germans德国人
单复数同形:Chinese→Chinese中国人
注意:合成名词的复数。
(1)第一个或最后一个词变复数。
passer-by→passers-by过路人 girl student→girl students女学生
(2)构成合成名词的词都变复数。
man teacher→men teachers男老师 woman doctor→women doctors女医生
重点用法⑤ 不可数名词的量
用法1:用“数词+单位名词+of”表示不可数名词具体的量。
a cup of tea一杯茶 a pound of meat一磅肉
The professor gave him two pieces of advice after class.下课后教授给他提出了两条建议。
2.用much,a lot of,a little,little,some,plenty of,a great deal of等表示不可数名词大概的量。
I have some/much money.我有一些/许多钱。
There is plenty of room in my bag.我包里还很空。
重点用法⑥ 抽象名词具体化
用法:有些抽象名词用作不可数名词时表示抽象的概念,而用作可数名词时则表示具体的人或事物,可以和不定冠词a/an连用,这种用法被称为抽象名词具体化。
in surprise惊讶地 surprise意为“惊奇”,表示抽象概念。
a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 surprise意为“令人吃惊的事”,表示具体事物。
重点用法⑦ 名词所有格
用法:表示有生命物的名词所有格,用加’s结构来表示所有关系。表示无生命物的所有关系多用“of+名词”的结构。双重所有格由“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”构成。
children’s school bags孩子们的书包 ‘s表示有生命物的名词所有格。
the title of the song歌名 of表示无生命物的名词所有格。
a brother of my father’s我父亲的一个兄弟 of和’s表示双重所有格。
提示:两人或多人共同拥有一样东西时,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s。若表示各自拥有时,则需要在每个名字后都加’s。如Andy’s and Jane’s mother(安迪的妈妈和简的妈妈)。
注意:用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命事物的名词,可以加’s构成所有格,有一些已经成为固定用法,如a week’s time(一周的时间)。
重点用法⑧ 名词作定语
用法:名词可以用作定语修饰另一个名词,说明另一个名词的性质或特性。
movie star电影明星 soap opera肥皂剧 orange juice橘子汁 science fiction科幻小说
express train特快列车 gold chain金链子 season ticket季票 history lesson历史课
提示:名词若没有同根形容词,用作定语时的作用和形容词差不多,但若有同根形容词,还是用形容词作定语较好,有时两者都可以用作定语,但意思上有差别。
gold ring金戒指 golden sunshine金色的阳光
stone house石头房子 stony heart铁石心肠
rain drops雨点 rainy season雨季
注意:名词作定语时,一般用单数形式,但在个别情况下也有用复数的。
sports meet运动会 jeans shop牛仔裤商店
customs officer海关官员 women drivers女司机
重点用法⑨ 名词作其他句子成分
用法:名词在句子中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分,因此名词除了可以作定语以外,还可以作主语、表语、宾语(包括动词宾语和介词宾语)、宾语补足语和状语。
Students should make enough time for the hobbies. 名词作主语
学生应该为自己的爱好留足够的时间。
Hepburn is an actress. 名词作表语
赫本是一名女演员。
My mother grows vegetables herself. 名词作动词宾语
我妈妈自己种蔬菜。
He drives to school every day. 名词作介词宾语
他每天开车去学校。
They named their son Mike. 名词作宾补
他们给儿子取名叫迈克。
You should study English step by step. 名词作状语
你们应该循序渐进地学习英语。
代词(Pronouns)
重点用法① 人称代词
用法:用于指代人或事物,有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词在句中作主语时用主格;作宾语、表格时用宾格。
We are all good students.我们都是好学生。
It looks like snow.看来要下雪。
提示:it可用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事物,或者指代小孩、婴儿或身份不明的人。若it用作非人称代词,还可表示天气、时间、距离、温度等。it还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于强调句中。
重点用法② 物主代词
用法:用于表示所属关系,可以分为形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)和名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句中只可做定语,名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
It isn’t your ruler.Yours is in your desk. yours=your ruler,作主语。
这不是你的尺子,你的在你的书桌里。
I have lost my dictionary.Please lend me yours. yours=your dictionary,作宾语。
我弄丢了我的字典,请把你的借我吧。
注意:形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后必须接一个名词。
名词性物主代词起名词的作用,后不能再接名词。
重点用法③ 指示代词
用法:起指示作用,用来指示人或事物。this,these指事件或空间上较近的人或物;that,those指时间或空间上较远的人或物。指示代词在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
This is Ann and that is her mother. this作主语,that作主语。
这位是安,那位是她的妈妈。
I don’t like these colours but I like those. these作定语,those作宾语。
我不喜欢这些颜色,但是我喜欢那些。
提示:that和those还可替代上文提及的名词,以避免重复。
this和that有时还可替代句子或句中的一部分。
this和these可用于下指,指代下面将要提到的事;that和those可用于上指,指代前面提到的事情。
His handwriting is as good as that of Jim’s. that=the handwriting
他的书法和吉姆的一样好。
He failed in the exam.That’s why he was not happy. that=He failed in the exam
他没有通过考试,那就是他不高兴的原因。
重点用法④ 反身代词
用法:表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,由人称代词或物主代词加后缀-self/-selves构成,有人称和数的变化,在句子中作同位语、宾语和状语。
You can go and ask the teacher himself. himself作同位语
你可以去问问老师本人。
The boy hides himself under the bed. himself作宾语
那个小男孩把自己藏在了床底下。
I am not myself today. myself作表语
我今天不舒服。
提示:反身代词可以构成习惯用语。
by oneself独自地 devote oneself to献身于
enjoy oneself玩得愉快 for oneself为自己
help oneself to自取(食物等) lose oneself in沉溺于
重点用法⑤ 相互代词
用法:表示一个动作在它所涉及的各个对象间是相互存在的,有宾格(each other,one another)和所有格(each other’s,one another’s)两种形式。宾格在句中作宾语,所有格作定语。
Don’t talk to each other/one another.不要互相说话。
They know each other’s favourite(s).他们了解彼此的爱好。
重点用法⑥ 不定代词
用法:1.不定代词one单独使用,泛指“人”,“人们”,“一个人”。one,ones可指代具体的人或物,也可指代前面出现过的名词。
One should take care of himself at any time. 泛指“一个人”。
一个人无论什么时候都应该照顾好自己。
I like small cars better than large ones. 为避免重复,用ones指代名词cars。
2.不定代词some及其合成词someone,somebody,something用在肯定句中表肯定含义,用在疑问句中表期待肯定回答的请求、建议等。
There’s someone at the door.门口有个人。
3.不定代词either,neither,both都表示两者之间。either指“两者中任意一个”,表肯定;neither指“两者都不”,表否定;both指“两者都”,表肯定。
You may drop in or just give me a call,either will do.
你可以来或者给我打电话,随便怎样都可以。
Neither of the answers is correct.两个答案都不对。
Both of the women are French.两名妇女都是法国人。
4.不定代词each侧重于个体,意为“每一个”;形容词every侧重于全体,意为“每个”。
Each of the answers is worth six points.每题为6分。
I don’t go to school every day.我不是每天都上学。
5.不定代词all指“(三个及以上)都”,表肯定;none指“(三个及以上)都不”,表否定。
All of the food has gone.食物全没了。
None of them would like to dance.没有人愿意跳舞。
6.不定代词another表泛指,指“(众多中的)又一个,另一个”,前面不能加冠词;the other表特指,指“(两个或两部分中的)另一个”。
I don’t like this pen,please show me another.我不喜欢这支钢笔,请给我另一支。
It is hard to tell the twin sisters one from the other.这对孪生姐妹很难辨认。
7.不定代词many,much都表示“许多”。many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,主要用于否定句和疑问句。
How many people came to the meeting?有多少人参加了会议?
I don’t have much free time.我没有太多空闲的时间。
8.不定代词a few,a little都表肯定,指“一些,一点儿”,a few修饰可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词。few,little都表否定,指“很少,几乎没有”,few修饰可数名词,little修饰不可数名词。
I need a few things from the store.我需要从商店买些东西。
He spends little money on clothes.他买衣服的开销很少。
重点用法⑦ 疑问代词
用法:1.疑问代词用来表达疑问,引导特殊疑问句。疑问代词who是主格,用于询问别人的姓名、身份或关系,在句中作主语、表语;whom是宾格,在句中作宾语。
Who put the light out?谁把灯熄灭了?
Whom do you want to see?你想见谁?
2.疑问代词whose可作名词或形容词用,在句中可作定语、表语。
Whose computer is this?这是谁的计算机?
3.疑问代词what可作名词或形容词用,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
What makes him so happy?什么使他如此高兴?
What are you looking for in the bedroom?你在卧室找什么呢?
What’s your father?你父亲是做什么工作的?
4.疑问代词which在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。
This is mine. Which is yours?这是我的。哪一个是你的?
Which would you like, tea or milk?你想喝茶还是牛奶?
重点用法⑧ 关系代词
用法:用来引导定语从句,有who,whom,which,that,whose。关系代词代表定语从句所修饰的名词或代词,即先行词,在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。选用关系代词时,先看先行词是人还是物,再看其在从句中充当的成分。指人用who/whom/that。指物用which/that。既指人又指物用that,whose可表示“某人的”,也可表示“某物的”。
数词(Numerals)
重点用法① 基数词的构成
用法:1.基数词1-12是独立的单词,需逐个记忆。
1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four
5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight
9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve
2.基数词13-19以-teen结尾。
13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen
17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen
3.基数词20-90的整十位数以-ty结尾。
20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty
60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety
4.基数词21-99的非整十位数是在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”。
64 sixty-four 89 eighty-nine
5.基数词101-999在百位数与十位数之间,或者(没有十位数时)在百位数与个位数之间加“and”。
422 four hundred and twenty-two 302 three hundred and two
6.1000以上的基数词从右向左用分节号“,”分节,每三个数字为一节,第一个分节号前用thousand,第二个分节号前用million,第三个分节号前用billion(美国)或one thousand million(英)。
1,003 one thousand and three
7,657,000 seven million,six hundred and fifty-seven thousand
1,214,000,000 one billion,two hundred and fourteen million
one thousand,two hundred and fourteen million
提示:当百、千、百万、十亿(hundred,thousand,million,billion)等基数词表示确切数目时不能加-s;但在表示不确切数目时可用复数形式,与of连用表示“数以……计的”。
一万 ten thousand 十万 a hundred thousand
成百上千 hundreds of 成千上万 thousands of
重点用法② 序数词的构成
用法:1.序数词1-3需逐个记忆,4-19的序数词都是“基数词+th”。
第一 first 第二 second 第三 third
第八 eighth 第九 ninth 第十二 twelfth
2.以-th结尾的基数词变序数词时,将y变为i,再加-eth。
第二十 twentieth 第四十 fortieth
3.表示第几十几时,用十位的基数词形式加上连字符“-”,再加上个位序数词形式来表示。
第三十一 thirty-first 第五十七 fifth-seventh
4.第一百以上的多位序数词将基数词结尾部分变为序数词形式。
第二百零九 two hundred and ninth
第一千三百四十五 one thousand,three hundred and forty-fifth
提示:序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词最后两个字母构成。
1st-first 2nd-second 3rd-third
重点用法③ 基数词的用法
用法:基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语和同位语。
Three of us have been to Beijing.我们有3个人去过北京。
The seven girls are from Guangdong.这7个女孩子是广东人。
We five will go to Tokyo with her.我们5个人将和她一起去东京。
提示:基数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。
You’re sharpest in your twenties.你在20多岁时反应最快。
That was in the early forties.那是40年代初的事情了。
注意:由基数词和名词合成的形容词作定语时,其中的名词只能用单数形式。
Tom is an eleven-year-old boy.汤姆是个11岁的男孩。
重点用法④ 序数词的用法
用法:1.序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
The third is what I really need.第3个是我真正需要的。
He chose the fifth.他选择了第5个。
They are to carry out the first plan.他们将执行第一个计划。
Danny was the eighth to arrive.丹尼是第8个到的。
2.序数词前一般要加定冠词或物主代词等限定词。
We took the elevator to the tenth floor.我们乘电梯到10层。
It was my second visit to Shanghai.那是我第2次去上海。
3.序数词前面有a/an时,表示“再、又……”,其“顺序”的含义减弱。
Shall i ask him a third time?我还要问他第3次吗?
提示:当序数词在be之后,表示比赛的名次时,它前面不加冠词。
Bill was first in the race.比尔在田径比赛中得了第一。
重点用法⑤ 数词的实际应用
用法:1.章节、页数用“名词(不加冠词,首字母大写)+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”表示。
Chapter One/the first Chapter第一章 Page two three six第236页
2.房间号、门牌号用“名词+基数词”表示。
Room two zero three203房间 seventy-six Chang’an street长安街76号
3.电话号码用基数词表示,可单个读,重复的数字也可用double。
304-2245,读作three zero four two two(double two)four five
4.年份用基数词表示,年代是四位数时,先读前两位,再读后两位。日期用序数词或基数词均可。
in twenty fifty2050年 December 2nd12月2日
5.分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母用序数词复数形式;小数的整数部分和小数部分都用基数词,小数点读作point。百分数用“基数词+percent”表示。
one third 1/3 three fifths 3/5
0.49,读作zero point four nine 1.8,读作one point eight
23.17%,读作twenty-three point one seven percent
6.次数用“基数词+times”表示,但是“一次”用once表示,“两次”用twice表示。
three times3次 nine times9次
7.“加”用plus/and表示,“减”用minus表示,“乘”用times表示,“除”用divided by表示。
Two plus/and three is five.2加3等于5。
Ten minus six is four.10减6等于4。
Three times five is/are fifteen.3乘5等于15。
Nine divided by three is three.9除以3等于3。
提示:表示长、宽、高、面积可以用“基数词+单位词+形容词”表示,或者用“基数词+单位词+in+名词”表示。
three meters long/in length3米长 five meters high/in height5米高
注意:数词的倍数的表示方法可用于以下句型:
主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+形容词+as
I have three times as many as you.我有你的3倍那么多。
主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+the size/amount/length...+of...
The earth is 49 times the sizes of the noon.地球是月球的49倍。
主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+形容词(或副词)比较级+than...
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年的粮食产量比去年增加了8%。
还可以用“by+倍数”,表示增加了多少倍。
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年的粮食产量增加了4倍。
连词(Conjunctions)
重点用法① 常用的并列连词
用法:1.并列连词用来连接平行对等、互不从属的词、短语或分句,可表示并列、转折、选择或因果等关系。常见的并列连词的用法如下:
2.and意为“和,并且”,用于连接对等关系的词、词组或分句;常用于句型“祈使句+逗号+and...”。
Tom and I went to the bookstore yesterday. and连接两个并列的词
我和汤姆昨天去了书店。
He stood up and put on his hat. and连接两个动作
他站起来,戴上了帽子。
Fishing is his hobby,and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. and连接两个分句
他爱好钓鱼,收集硬币也令他感到快乐。
Try again,and you’ll succeed. 在祈使句中,and前面的部分用来表示条件
再试一下,你就会成功的。
3.or和or else表示选择关系。表示两者之间选择其一,意为“或者”;用于祈使句时,意为“否则,不然”。
Tom or I am right.或者汤姆,或者我是对的。
Hurry up,or else you’ll miss the last bus.快点儿,不然你就会错过最后一班车。
Put on your overcoat,or you will catch cold.穿上衣服,要不然你会着凉的。
4.but意为“但是,可是,而是”,连接两种并列成分,表示转折关系,不能和although连用。
It was a sunny but not very warm day.那一天天气晴朗,但却不太暖和。
5.so意为“所以,于是,也,同样”,表示结果,连接句子。
It was too dark,so I couldn’t see anything.天太黑了,我什么也看不见。
6.for意为“因为”,表示原因,连接句子。
I soon went to sleep,for I was tired.我很快就入睡了,因为我太累了。
7.both...and意为“和,既……也……”,由它构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
Both Lucy and Mary are ten.露西和玛丽都10岁了。
Both he and his brothers are good at dancing.他和他的兄弟们都擅长跳舞。
8.either...or意为“或……或……;不是……就是……”,由它构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词而定(就近原则)。
The shoes were either too big or too small.鞋子要么太大,要么太小。
Either you or he is right.不是你,就是他是对的。
9.neither...or意为“既不……也不……”,由它构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词随nor后面的词而定(就近原则)。
It is neither hot in summer,nor cold in winter.夏天不热,冬天不冷。
Neither he nor I speak a foreign language.他和我都不会说外语。
10.not only...but also意为“不但……而且……”,由它构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词随but also后面的词而定(就近原则)。
Jane is not only beautiful but also kind.简不但漂亮,而且人也非常好。
Not only the students but also the teachers was against the plan.
不但学生,而且老师也反对这个计划。
11.as well as...意为“又,不但……而且……”,由它构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词随其前面的词而定。
Mr.Lin as well as his parents joins in the party.不但林先生的父母,而且林先生也参加宴会。
提示:在口语中,and常用在come,go,run,stay,try等之后表示目的,and在此相当于不定式符号to。
Go and ask him.去问问他。
Try and finish the work in a month.设法在一个月内完成这项工作。
重点用法② 常用的从属连词
用法:1.that无词义,用于引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)和定语从句。
I think that she is tired.我想他累了。
The trouble is that I’ve lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
2.when,while和as意为“当……时”,用于引导时间状语从句,都可表示从句和主句的动作同时发生,when也可表示先后发生。
While I read,she sang.我在看书时,她在唱歌。
When/While/As he was doing his homework,I came in.
当他写作业时我走了过来。
There were chairs left over when everyone had sat down.
当大家就座后还剩下几把椅子。
3.since意为“自从……以来”,引导时间状语从句。从句用一般过去时,主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时。
Many things have happened since I last saw him.从我上次见到他以来发生了很多事。
How long is it since we last went to the theatre?我们多久没去看戏了?
4.as soon as意为“刚一……就”,引导时间状语从句。从句用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或状态。
As soon as I get the present,I’ll tell you.我一收到礼物就告诉你。
I’ll tell Ann the good news as soon as she comes back.安一回来,我就告诉她这个好消息。
5.before意为“在……之前”,after意为“在……之后”,都可引导时间状语从句。
Did she leave a message before she went?她走之前留言了吗?
I found her bag after she had left.她走了以后,我发现了她的包。
6.till和until意为“直到……时”,可引导时间状语从句。一般认为till不如until正式,在书面语中不常用。句首通常用until。
Can you wait till/until I come back?你能等到我回来吗?
He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back. finish是点动词,故用否定句。
直到他妈妈回来,他才完成作业。
7.because意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句。常用于回答why引导的特殊疑问句,不能和so连用。
I did it because my mother told me to.妈妈吩咐我去做这件事,我才做的。
-Why are you late?你为什么迟到?
-Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.因为我在来这儿的路上遇到了车祸。
8.if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。
If necessary I will come at once.如果有必要,我会马上来。
9.though和although意为“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。它们都不能与but连用。
Though I was tired,I still worked hard.虽然我很累,但我仍然努力工作。
10.so...that意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。that后面跟的从句是否定句时,可与too...to互换。
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.=The box is too heavy for me to lift.
箱子太沉了,我抬不起来。
提示:though,although和as都可以表示“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。as引导的从句要用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。though和although放在句首时用法相同,但如放在句末时用though,不用although,且前面有逗号。这几个词均不能与and,but连用,但可与yet连用。
Try as she might,she couldn’t open the door. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。
她试过多次了,可仍然打不开那门。
冠词(Articles)
重点用法① 不定冠词的用法
用法:1.不定代词有a,an两种,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前;an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的单词前。
a pen一支钢笔 a European country一个欧洲的国家
an elephant一头大象 an hour一小时
2.用于单词可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个。
He works six days a week.他一周工作6天。
There is an island over there.那儿有一座岛屿。
3.用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物。
A tailor makes clothes.裁缝做衣服。
An owl can see in the dark.猫头鹰在黑暗中能看见东西。
4.用于首次提到的人或事物前。
She is sitting on a chair.她坐在一张椅子上。
Charlie bought a new motorbike.查理买了一辆新的摩托车。
5.a/an相当于one,表示数量“一”。
I have a yellow umbrella.我有一把黄色的伞。
6.当提到某人只知其名而不知其人,此时的不定冠词相当于some。
A Mr.Green called you just now.一位格林先生刚给你打过电话。
7.与表示“成对”概念的名词连用。
There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀和叉。
若不表示成对概念,需分别加不定冠词:a knife and a fork
8.用于一些固定词组中。
have a fever发烧 have a look看一看
have a bath洗澡,淋浴 have a talk晤谈
many a time许多次 in a word总之(一句话)
提示:如果在and连接的两个名词之前分别加不定冠词,表示“两个人或物”,反之则表示“一个人或物”。
They are a teacher and a writer. 指“一位教师”和“一位作家”,是两个人。
他们是一位教师和一位作家。
She is a teacher and writer. “教师”和“作家”指的是同一个人。
她是位教师兼作家。
重点用法② 定冠词的用法
用法:1.特指某(些)人或物,或重新指上文提到过的人或事物。
I bought a cap.The cap is very beautiful.我买了一顶帽子,这顶帽子很漂亮。
2.用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物。
The tiger is a wild animal.老虎是一种野生动物。
3.用于表示世上独一无二的事物或方位名词等前。
the world世界 the universe宇宙
4.用于序数词、形容词最高级及only修饰的名词前。
the brightest star in the sky天空中最亮的星星
5.用于江河湖海等地理专有名词和普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the River Seine塞纳河 the Great Wall长城
6.用于姓氏复数形式前表示一家人或夫妇二人。
Don’t forget to invite the Greens.别忘了邀请格林夫妇。
7.用于表示乐器、世纪、年代等的名词前。
play the violin拉小提琴 in the nineteenth century十九世纪
8.用于一些固定词组中。
at the foot of在……脚下 by the way顺便说一下
重点用法③ 零冠词的使用
用法:1.在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前。
China中国 milk牛奶 struggle斗争
2.在表示一类人或物的复数名词前。
We are all students.我们都是学生。
3.在物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前。
Jane opens her box.简打开了她的盒子。
4.在表示三餐、球类、季节、月份、星期等的名词前。
have breakfast吃早餐 play volleyball打排球
5.在表示家庭成员名称、称呼语或职务、头衔等名词前。
I will make you king.我将会让你当上国王。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.“Therefore, daily ________ (supply) were sent to me by my children so I could avoid going out.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.The Chinese online literature industry has received increasing ________(recognize) from home and abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.A collection of archaeological evidence has confirmed the ________(exist) of rhinos in ancient China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.She desperately wanted to win her father’s _______________ (approve). (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and_________(consider) she showed to all her patients. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.When it was impossible for ________ (I) to row my boat, I tied it to my waist and pulled it behind me, with my pants rolled to my knees. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.No matter when I go to a post office and no matter where the post office is, I always find ________ (me) standing in a line behind someone who has a lot of business to do. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without ________(he) help I would never have got this far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.If you want to go to the party with me, you should behave ________(you) well. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.My father kept ________ (him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying ________ (she) in the magazine in the hands. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.“Our ocean has been driven to breaking point during ________ past few years but it’s a story that doesn’t get told often enough,” says Will Mccallum, head of ocean at Greenpeace UK. (用适当的词填空)
13.Besides those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in _________effort to promote the sport among young people. (用适当的词填空)
14.This session of Hainan Island Carnival digs deep into all the possible “joyful elements” and fully displays the rich and unique tourism and cultural resources of Hainan so as to engage both tourists and residents to actively participate and interact in building Hainan Island into _________ joyful destination for visitors around the world. (用适当的词填空)
15.Wikipedia employs_________open editing model. Except for a small number of pages, anyone can edit articles, anonymously(匿名地) or with a user account. (用适当的词填空)
16.Some Lu is even alcoholic: Zao Lu is ________ light one made from the fermented rice remains from making Chinese yellow wine. Zao Lu is used across south-eastern China to season vegetables. (用适当的词填空)
17.After looking at the map, he finds this street is four times the_________(long) of that street. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big ________ the present one. (用适当的词填空)
19.Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly. (用适当的词填空)
20.She said she would be late, _________ she arrived on time. (用适当的词填空)
21.It was beyond Chinese ________(expect) that China entered the FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup final in 2022.(所给词的适当形式填空)
22.________(rule) of weiqi are extraordinarily simple. There are 180 identical(完全一样的)white pieces and 181 identical black pieces fighting against each other on a board 19×19 lines. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23.“I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ________ (convenience) than scanning codes.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.The boom in the sport’s ________(popular) has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.Seven thematic tourism routes will be launched to attract more visitors to travel to Hainan, which will stimulate tourism and facilitate the construction of an international tourism _________ (consume) center. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard, and that his mother was a witch, both of ________(they)murdered by an evil wizard. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.The self-portrait is nothing new. Painters and photographers have always used _________(they) as subjects. Today, however, almost everyone walks around with a camera in his or her pocket. This is________ most cellphones have cameras on them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.Some high schools in the UK will remove analog clocks(石英钟) ________ exam halls and us digital ________ instead. (用适当的词填空)
29.So I went to the cash machine, took some cash and gave ________ to the girls. (用适当的词填空)
30.Born in a town on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert, Shi remembers how sandstorms easily destroyed the crops the villagers had grown and made their life __________ misery. (用适当的词填空)
31.The sale of saltpeter(硝酸盐)to foreigners was banned in 1076. Nonetheless, knowledge of the miraculous substance was carried along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East, and Europe. In 1267,_______ European writer made reference to gunpowder, and in 1280 the first recipes for the explosive mixture were published in the west. China’s secret was out. (用适当的词填空)
32.“Despite a history of more than 3,000 years, the image of flower arrangement sometimes is still limited bunches of flowers in flower shops.” Zhang Yan, _________ master of the art, said. (用适当的词填空)
33.Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create ________ barrier-free environment for them. (用适当的词填空)
34.Over the past year, she has been actively engaged in searching international connections in _________healthcare industry, first for China and later on for her own country. Thanks to the network she built through Tsinghua, she was able to organize donation of personal protective equipment for both China and her own country. (用适当的词填空)
35.All those secondhand goods are sold at 30% ________low a price as before. (用适当的词填空)
36.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________a woman. (用适当的词填空)
37.Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost twice as ________as his. (用适当的词填空)
38.Staying in a hotel in Shanghai one day costs three times the ________of renting a house in my hometown for a week. (用适当的词填空)
39.It’s said that the power plant is now twice ________(large) than what it was. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40.This year they have produced as________ grain as they did last year. (用适当的词填空)
41.According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice ________ many as they would burn walking. (用适当的词填空)
42.(2022新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (用适当的词填空)
43.In a word, the prospects are bright, _________ the road has twists and turns. (用适当的词填空)
44.The children were playing in the street _________ they caught sight of an injured bird. (用适当的词填空)
45.He must be a good worker, __________ else he wouldn’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空)
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