高中英语高考第2部分 第4讲 专题2名词性从句 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件
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考向1 宾语从句中的连接词单句语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm nt sure _______ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. 解析:考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定谁更害怕,我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示“谁”,故用wh。
2.(全国Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly _______ thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.解析:分析句子结构可知,这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知,这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词,因此空格上应用副词,故填hw。
3.(广东)We were tld that ur rms hadn't been reserved fr that week, but fr the week after. I didn't understand _______ this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin.解析:分析句子结构可知,此处为宾语从句。由语境可知,此处意为:我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。4.(广东)The new by lked at the teacher fr a few secnds and all the ther students wndered ________ the by wuld d.解析:所填词引导宾语从句,同时在从句中作d的宾语,故填what。
考向2 表语从句中的连接词单句语法填空 (2020·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is ________ we ften d nt knw when they are cming. Peple can nt prepare fr it.解析:设空处引导表语从句,从句的结构和意义完整,所以用that引导。
考向3 主语从句和同位语从句中的连接词单句语法填空1.(2019·全国卷I)While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ________ they range all the way acrss the Arctic,and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. 解析:考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
2.(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have btained mre evidence ________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.解析:考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。
►名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中的连接词名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if等,连接代词what/wh/whm/ which/whse/whatever/whever/whmever/whichever等,连接副词where/when/why/hw等。1.that的用法(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are gd at English is knwn t us all.The prblem is that we dn't have enugh mney.The reprt that there will be a severe strm in the nrthern area is false.
(2)一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that可省略,但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略:①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时;②有多个that引导的从句时第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略;③介词except, but,besides, in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时;④当when,wh,what,where,why,hw等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that, because he was a child, he did nt understand wine.The reasn lies in that she wrks harder than the thers d.Everyne knew what happened and that she was wrried.
(3)that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不担当任何句子成子,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的“先词行+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that/which/wh”。It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will d what I can(d) t help him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语、主语或表语,与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应该用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news,fact,suggestin, truth,plan, belief,dubt,pssibility,idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hpe that they wuld cme t visit China again.(同位语从句)The hpe that they expressed is that they wuld cme t visit China again.(定语从句)
2.whether和if的用法:(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depeneds n whether they will cme back.(2)后面直接跟r nt时用whether。I didn't knw whether r nt he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句(it作形式主语时可用if)表语从句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put ff has nt been decided yet.The questin is whether they have s much mney.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if则不能。We ught t discuss carefully the questin whether we can d it r nt.(5)whether常与r连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用,但if不能。The questin f whether they are male r female is nt imprtant.I have nt decided whether t g r nt.(6)宾语从句位于句首时或者宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。Thank yu, but whether I'll be free I'm nt sure at the mment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”“无论”,而if不能。Whether he cmes r nt, we will begin ur party n time.
3.“疑问词+-ever”和“n matter+疑问词”的区别:(1)“疑问词+-ever”可引导名词性从句,在从句中充当一定的成分。Whever breaks the rule must be punished.Yu can chse whatever yu like in the shp.(2)“疑问句+-ever”还可引导让步状语从句。Whever breaks the rule, he must be punished.Whatever yu d, yu must d it well.
(3)“n matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。N matter what yu d, yu must put yur heart int it.N matter wh cmes late, he must be punished.4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:When和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则为同位语从句。This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)They put frward the questin where they culd get the mney.(同位语从句)
►主语从句的核心考点1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.→It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is mre experience.
常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrng,imprtant,certain,clear,bvius,strange,nrmal,natural等)+that从句It is certain that mst f the farmers have brught in mre mney by all means.(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame, gd news,a fact, an hnur,a wnder,n wnder等)+that从句It's n wnder that yu've achieved s much success.
(3)It+be+过去分词(said,tld,heard,reprted,decided, suggested,advised,rdered,remembered,thught,cnsidered,well-knwn,annunced,requested,required,insisted等)+that从句It is said that the prfessr has already succeeded in carrying ut the experiment.(4)It+特殊动词(seem,appear, happen,matter)+that从句It happened t me that I had been away when he called.注意:(1)在“It is necessary/imprtant/strange/natural...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语常用“(shuld+)动词原形”。(2)在“It+be+suggested/advised/rdered/requested/insisted/required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(shuld+)动词原形”。
►宾语从句的核心考点1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hpe,tell,say等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win, fr members f their team are strnger.I dn't think yu are right.I dn't suppse he cares, des he?(2)动词find, feel, think, cnsier,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则常用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.
(3)有些动词(短语)带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate,enjy,like,lve,dislike,see t等。I hate it when they talk with their muths full.2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking abut whether we admit students int ur club.注意:(1)where引导的从句有时也用作介词的宾语。We culd see the temple quite clearly frm where we lived.
(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Yur cmpsitin is quite gd except that the rganizatin is a bit lse.(3)sure,certain, glad,pleased, happy, surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。I'm sure that they will make it in spite f the terrible weather.
►表语从句的核心考点1.主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestin,rder,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(shuld+)动词原形”的形式。His suggestin is that we (shuld) change ur curse.2.主语为名词reasn时,表示从句中的连接词中要用that,而不用why或because。The reasn fr such a serius accident is that the driver was t careless and drank t much.3.because, as if, as thugh, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has lung disease. That is because he has been smking t much.
►同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hpe,idea,dubt,news,cnclusin,suggestin,prblem,rder,answer,decisin,explanatin,infrmatin,thught等。2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what,which,wh)、连接副词(when,where,why,hw)或从属连词whether引导。3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。The stry ges that Wiliam Tell did kill the king with that swrd.
►写作中名词性从句易错点聚焦1.语序问题(误)These pictures shw yu what des ur village lk like.(正)These pictures shw yu what ur village lks like.宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序,而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)D yu think which f these is the mst useful inventin?(正)Which f these d yu think is the mst useful inventin?在疑问句中,宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。
2.what和that的运用(误)America was that was first called “India” by Clumbus.(正)America was what was first called “India” by Clumbus.在名词性从句中,连接词that既不作任何句子成分,也没有意义;而连接代词what则相反,它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外,我们可以把what解释为:the+名词+that/which。
3.whether和if的运用(误)If we'll hld the party has nt been decided yet.(正)Whether we'll hld the party has nt been decided yet.whether适用于任何情况;if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中,但discuss,decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。
4.连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)The reasn why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.(正)The reasn why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.第一句通过提取简化可得出:The reasn is because...在英语中显然造成了重复现象。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1._______ we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.2.A ship in harbr is safe,but that's nt ________ ships are built fr.3.The exhibitin tells us _______ we shuld d smething t stp air pllutin.4.The cmpanies are wrking tgether t create ________ they hpe will be the best means f transprt in the 21st century.5.It desn't matter ___________ yu turn right r left at the crssing—bth rads lead t the park.6.As many as five curses are prvided, and yu are free t chse _____________ suits yu best.
7.Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt ________ he culd have expressed it differently.8.The ntice came arund tw in the afternn ________ the meeting wuld be pstpned.9.A farmer nce rganized a cmpetitin between his dg and his rabbit. He dug a hle in ne f his biggest fields,and hid a carrt and a bne in it. He wanted t see _________ animal wuld find them first.10.It can be really upset trying t ask fr smething in a stre r t tell the taxi driver _________ yu are ging.
Ⅱ.语法填空(名词性从句专练)1.________ wrries my classmate Mary a lt these days is 2.________ she puts n t much weight and she is frequently ill. She has sme dubts 3.___________ she eats t much fast fd high in fat r sugar. Als, with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching, she becmes mre stressful and she can't sleep well these days. Maybe this is 4._______ she becmes fatter these days, she thinks. 5._______ she becmes slimmer and healthier has been her main task. S she wants t cnsult sme experts and gain sme instructins. But where she culd get better suggestins and 6._______ will give her better advice als puzzle her.
It is her parents' suggestin 7.________ she shuld cnsult Prfessr Wang in Zhngshan Hspital. Prfessr Wang suggests 8.________ she keep a balanced diet first. She shuld eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and prtein. What's mre, if she wants t lse weight,she had better take regular exercise mre than half an hur a day. Mary asked Prfessr Wang 9.________ she shuld take exercise. Prfessr Wang advised her t take exercise at 5 ' clck in the afternn. That is 10.___________ she will have mre time t d sprts. It is with the help f Prfessr Wang that Mary has becme much healthier nw.
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