高中英语高考第2部分 语法专题 语法专题 专题四 第3讲　并列句和状语从句

第3讲　并列句和状语从句

考点一　并列句

Xiao Ming took his cellphone to school and① played cellphone in class，so② his head teacher was very angry.He said to Xiao Ming，“Others are studying hard while③ you are playing hard.You either quit school or break the cellphone.④” Xiao Ming didn’t want to break his cellphone but⑤ he couldn’t quit school.He thought to himself，“ Break it，or I will be dismissed.⑥”If he was dismissed，not only would his mother cry but also his father would deliver him a spanking①.
注释：①and，not only...but (also)...，both...and...，neither...nor...等表并列、顺承或递进关系。②for，so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首。③while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比。④or，either...or...，not...but...等表选择关系。⑤but，yet，whereas等表转折关系。⑥and，or 表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中。

上述所有连词在使用时，一定要注意连词所连接的成分都是同样的结构。如果连接单词则两边都是单词，如果连接句子则两边都是句子，如果连接短语则两边都是短语。不能出现一边是连接名词，另一边连接句子或动词短语等其他情况。如：
Not only can it help you improve your English，but also can help you find more friends.(×)
Not only can it help you improve your English，but also it can help you find more friends.(√)
1．not only...but also...连接的两个并列分句，可使用部分倒装，但只倒装not only 引导的分句。
Not only does she treat us with consideration but also she teaches in a humorous way.
她不但对我们体贴，而且还用很幽默的方式教学。
2．使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构时，一定要注意连词的使用，不能遗漏。
Walk straight down the road for about 300 meters，and you will see the hotel on the right.
沿着这条路直走大约三百米，你会发现那个旅馆就在你右手边。
注意：when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb.be about to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb.be doing sth.when ...(某人正在做某事，突然……)；sb.had just done sth.when ...(某人刚做完某事，突然……)。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他正要出去，电话铃突然响了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.
2．The other day I was doing some grocery shopping when a man walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.
3．Follow your doctor’s advice，or your cough will get worse.
4．John plays basketball well，but/yet his favorite sport is badminton.
5．Henry is very smart，so many of his classmates like him.
考点二　时间状语从句

One Saturday morning，when I was listening to my favorite songs①，my mother asked me to do my homework first.However，as soon as she left②，I turned on my MP3 again.I didn’t start to do my homework until I heard somebody opening the door.③Hardly had I taken out my pen when my mother came back.④ My mum was very angry，“Every time I go out⑤，you will do other things instead of doing homework.It has been two hours since I left⑥.How much homework had you finished by the time I entered the room⑦？ You began to do other things the moment I stepped out of the room⑧，didn’t you？” It was half an hour before she stopped scolding me⑨.I hope I will get rid of the bad habits as time goes by⑩.I promise I will not do the same thing when she goes out next time①.
注释：①when当……时候
②as soon as 一……就……
③not until直到……才……
④一……就……
⑤every time后面直接跟句子，相同用法的还有the first time，next time等
⑥since 自从……起，主句用现在完成时
⑦by the time 到……时候为止，主句常常与完成时连用
⑧the moment 后面直接跟句子，表“一……就……”，相同用法的还有the minute，the instant，directly，immediately，instantly
⑨before到……为止，在……之前
⑩as随着

1．by＋过去的时间，主句用过去完成时；by＋现在的时间，主句用现在完成时；by＋将来的时间，主句用将来完成时。
I had remembered about 2,000 words by the time I graduated from junior high school.
到初中毕业为止，我已经记了大约两千个单词了。
By the time you come back，we will have finished the job.
到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
2．before的特殊用法
(1)It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)
It will be four hours before his flight arrives.
要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会到达。
(2)It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时)
It was ten years before the couple met again.
十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。
3．since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，常用结构为“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时)。当since引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。当since引导的从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，计时起点从动作开始时算起。
It is three years since she was in our class.(延续性动词)她离开我们班有三年了。
It is four years since the war broke out.(非延续性动词)自战争爆发以来已有四年了。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.
2．Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action before it is too late.
3.He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
4．While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images.
5．It has been ages since Jack became a member of the famous club.
考点三　其他状语从句

I failed to pass the exam yesterday because I was careless①.I was so sad that tears came out of my eyes.②My teacher noticed this and called me to her office.“Though you’re clever③，you didn’t perform as well as your deskmate did this time④.Why? He will make a mark where he makes a mistake⑤ and figure it out in his notebook.If you correct your mistakes⑥ as he does⑦ after the exam，you will make great progress next time.” I must learn from my deskmate so that I can pass the exam next time.⑧
注释：①为原因状语从句
②为结果状语从句
③为让步状语从句
④为比较状语从句
⑤为地点状语从句
⑥为条件状语从句
⑦为方式状语从句
⑧为目的状语从句

1．让步状语从句
(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的笑脸。
Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很多忙。
(2)although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。
(3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。
(4)no matter who(what，when，which，how等)引导让步状语从句时，相当于“who(what，when，which，how等)＋-ever”，表示“无论何人(什么，何时，哪个/些，怎样等)”。
He keeps taking exercise no matter how cold it is.不管天气有多冷，他都坚持锻炼。
Whatever work we do，we should do our best.
不管做什么工作，我们都应尽全力。
(5)whether...or...引导让步状语时，意为“不管……，还是……”。
Whether he comes here or we go there，the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.
不管他来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都会保持不变。
2．目的状语从句
(1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句
in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you.
大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听见。
In order that we get there on time，we should set out early.
为了准时赶到那里，我们应该早点出发。
(2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句
for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。
Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.
留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。
3．结果状语从句
在so...that...和such...that...结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
So anxious am I that I can’t sleep until deep into the night.
我是如此的焦虑以至于直到半夜我才能睡着。
So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch him.
他跑得那么快，我抓不住他。
4．条件状语从句
unless意义上等于if not，在应用时如果不把握可以用if not 替换一下，讲得通的话，才能使用unless。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．Well，I’m working on a huge assignment and if I don’t do well，it will ruin my reputation as an excellent accountant!
2．He will never make progress in math unless he really wants to learn it.
3．Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
4．Supposing/Suppose(suppose) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?
5．They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
6．My parents don’t mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
7．If guests are seated at the table，hosts may serve the food，or it may be passed so that each person may help himself.
8．Enjoying a fresh morning is important because/as it can set the mood for the rest of the day.
9．He speaks so slowly and strangely that it takes patience to understand what he is saying.
10．They treat her as though/if she were their daughter.

单句语法填空
1．In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月)
2．Irene said，“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.I work not because I have to，but because I want to.”(2019·全国Ⅱ)
3．While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016·江苏)
4．I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016·北京)
5．We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.(2015·天津)

1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构。
(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词。
(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。
2．牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。
3．注意固定句式中的连词。

层级一　基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．The explosion rocked the lake with such a force that dead fish immediately began to surface.
2．In addition，forests have been decreasing rapidly because/as too many trees have been cut down.
3．Most importantly，remember the following old rule：try to eat different foods，but/yet not too much.
4．Never lose heart and you’ll make a quick advance in your project.
5．I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate when an old man with huge bags sat down across from me.
6．If you visit Nepal，you will find Nepalese often greet each other with the hands pressed together instead of shaking hands，while in North America and the U．K.，people greet one another by shaking hands.
7．In the state of Iowa，if you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit.
8．Ten years later I still keep in touch with my classmates，though/although I’ve never met them after graduation.
9．But for now，they all have to postpone their plans until/till the winter storms pass.
10．Scientists say it may be five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on patients.
11．As we all know，where there is a will，there is a way.
12．Tired as/though I was，I went on with my work on the farm.
13．I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.
14．You must attend the meeting unless it is inconvenient to you.
15．Do remember that it is unwise to trust him，whatever he says.
层级二　高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it’s at work，at home，or at school.(2021·天津3月)
2．We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job.It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall.(2021·全国甲)
3．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.(2021·全国乙)
4．They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died，and then it was given to a museum.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
5．When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
6．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
(2019·天津6月)
7．If we don’t stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
(2018·北京)
8．Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
(2018·天津6月)
9．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until/till you figure it out.(2017·北京)
10．—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.
—Even if/though it is not your style，that doesn’t mean it is bad.(2020·天津)
层级三　语篇提能练
语法填空
连词篇
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 1. come to China cook much less 2. in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.I still remember 3. (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked 4. I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
5． regularly eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years，it’s not without a cost.The obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be affordable 6. doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 7. (high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
8． you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 9. dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health 10. in your pocket.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者分析了外出就餐的代价，并建议我们要尝试自己做饭，这样做不仅对自身健康有好处还能节约开支。

1．答案　who/that
解析　考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是westerners(西方人)，用who或that引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
2．答案　than
解析　句意为：许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜，他们做饭的次数就会比在自己国家少得多。根据句意可知，此处为比较级，故填than。
3．答案　visiting
解析　考查动名词作宾语。remember doing sth.记得做过某事。
4．答案　when
解析　考查连词。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故用when。
5．答案　While/Though/Although
解析　考查连词。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”；句首单词首字母需大写，故填While/Though/Although。
6．答案　but
解析　考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故填but。
7．答案　higher
解析　考查形容词的比较级。“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。
8．答案　If
解析　考查条件状语从句。句意为：如果你不打算遭受这个问题的困扰，那么我建议你下次去你妈妈家吃晚饭的时候，向她学习一些烹饪技巧。故填If。
9．答案　for
解析　考查介词。go to your mum’s home for dinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。
10．答案　but
解析　考查连词。not only...but also...不但……而且……，为固定搭配，also可省略。故填but。


1．not only...but also...
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)这次赛跑不仅丰富了我们的课外活动，而且增强了我们的意志力。
Not only did the race enrich our extracurricular activities，but also it strengthened our willpower.
运用　(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)Youth的专栏Cultures Around the World不仅拓宽了我的视野，也让我有机会体验不同的文化。
Not only does Cultures Around the World，a column of Youth broaden my horizons，but also it gives me an opportunity to experience different cultures.
2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
典例　(2019·北京)提前从网上预订票和房间，你会有更多的时间去观光。
Book tickets and rooms online in advance，and you will have more time to go sightseeing.
运用　(2021·浙江6月)来参观展览吧，你将享受一场视觉盛宴。
Come to the exhibition，and you will enjoy a visual feast.
3．so...that...结果状语从句
典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)他们的爆米花是如此的美味以至于很快就卖光了。
Their popcorn was so delicious that it was sold out soon.
运用　(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)惊喜是如此甜蜜，她兴奋地摇了摇正假装打鼾的丈夫。
The surprise was so sweet that she excitedly shook her husband，who was pretending to snore.
4．be doing...when...
典例　(2017·浙江6月)马克正在想接下来该怎么办，正在那时，一只手把他拉进了车里。
Mac was wondering what to do next when a hand pulled him into the car.
运用　(2017·浙江11月)我们正在找地方搭帐篷，这时妈妈告诉我们她忘了带帐篷。
We were looking for a place to put up the tent when Mother told us that she had forgotten to take it.
5．not until...
典例　(2020·浙江7月)直到似乎过了半个世纪之后，我们才听到了直升机的声音。
Not until after what seemed half a century did we hear the roar of the helicopter.
运用　(2021·北京)直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正好是我们见面的时间。
Not until yesterday was I informed that our class was going to hold an important meeting this weekend—exactly the time we shall meet.