高中英语高考解密20完形填空之说明文-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）(原卷版）

这是一份高中英语高考解密20完形填空之说明文-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）(原卷版），共24页。
解密20完形填空之说明文
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测




Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
高考完形填空题中，说明文是较难理解的一种文体，往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，结构严谨，句子结构复杂，开头点题，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，一般按一定的顺序展开，采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂，遣词用字简练，并且条理清晰。
【备考建议】
1. 快速弄清文章大意
结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，了解文章大意。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
Part 2对点解密
【真题对点析】1
（2012·上海高考真题）People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 9 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 10 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 11 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 12 these and other research findings, two themes are 13 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 14 assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 15 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 16 , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 17 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 18 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of 19 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 20 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 21 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 22 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 23 rather than drunk.
9．A．study B．way C．word D．college
10．A．hand B．arm C．face D．back
11．A．refuse B．beg C．lose D．receive
12．A．challenging B．recording C．understanding D．publishing
13．A．important B．possible C．amusing D．missing
14．A．seek B．deserve C．obtain D．accept
15．A．At first B．Above all C．In addition D．For example
16．A．printed B．mailed C．rewritten D．signed
17．A．talented B．good-looking C．helpful D．hard-working
18．A．send in B．throw away C．fill out D．turn down
19．A．similarity B．friendship C．cooperation D．contact
20．A．expensive B．plain C．cheap D．strange
21．A．time B．instructions C．money D．chances
22．A．shoppers B．research C．children D．health
23．A．talkative B．handsome C．calm D．sick
9．A10．C11．D12．C13．A14．B15．D16．B17．B18．A19．A20．B21．C22．D23．D
【解析】【文章大意】研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
9．根据下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以选A。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
10．根据下文if his face was spotless提示。受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
11．根据下文are more likely to receive aid提示选receive。如果受害者的脸无污点的比有不引人注意的胎记更有可能获得援助。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
12．此处challenge挑战； record记录；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
13．此处important重要的； possible可能的； amusing 娱乐的； missing失去的。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
14．deserve意为“值得”。因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
15．下文举列说明观点：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选D。
【考点定位】考查介词短语词义及语境理解。
16．根据下文actually mailed it or not提示选mailed。意思是申请被邮寄。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
17．此处talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有帮助的；hard-working勤奋的。附在申请上的照片一张是相貌好看的、一张不太有吸引力的人。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
18．结果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。send in意为“递送”。
【考点定位】考查动词短语含义及语境理解。
19．在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
20．此处expensive昂贵的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的； strange奇怪的。穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。plain意为“简朴的;朴素的”。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
21．此处time 时间； instructions 说明；money 钱； chances机会。根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
22．对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
23．此处talkative 健谈的；handsome英俊的； calm平静的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
【对点模拟练】1
US scientists say they have bred a genetically modified (GM) mosquito that can resist malaria(疟疾) infection. If the lab technique 　1　in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 　2　malaria to humans, they say. The scientists put a new "resistance" 　3　into the mosquito’s own DNA, using a gene editing method called Crispr.
And when the GM mosquitoes mated — their later generation inherited the 　4　resistance, PNAS journal reports. In 　5　, if these mosquitoes bite people, they should not be able to 　6　on the parasite(寄生虫) that causes malaria.
About 3.2bn people — almost half of the world’s population — are at 　7　of malaria. Bed nets can help 　8　the insects biting and drugs can be given to anyone who 　9　the infection, but the disease 　10　kills around 580 000 people a year.
Scientists have been searching for new ways to 　11　malaria. The University of California team believe their GM mosquitoes could play a key role — 　12　resistant offspring to replace malaria-carrying mosquitoes. They took a type of mosquito found in India on which to 　13　.
Dr. Anthony James and his team showed that they could give the 　14　new DNA code to make it a 　15　host for the malaria parasite. The DNA was inherited by almost 100% of the mosquito offspring and across three 　16　.
Mosquito larvae(幼虫) can be genetically modified to carry 　17　new genes, such as resistance to the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. The researchers say the findings offer 　18　that the same method could also work in other mosquito 　19　.
　20　it would not be a sole solution to the malaria problem, it would be a useful additional weapon, they say. 1. A. counts B. matters C. applies D. works
2. A. spreading B. sending C. making D. turning
3. A. medicine B. method C. gene D. equipment
4. A. great B. same C. powerful D. healthy
5. A. practice B. particular C. general D. theory
6. A. carry B. take C. pass D. depend
7. A. top B. risk C. mercy D. rate
8. A. stop B. improve C. deny D. get
9. A. matches B. catches C. resists D. misses
10. A. fairly B. quite C. still D. just
11. A. get B. find C. shelter D. fight
12. A. breeding B. feeding C. educating D. assisting
13. A. base B. count C. experiment D. blame
14. A. person B. fellow C. plant D. insect
15. A. strong B. poor C. friendly D. good
16. A. methods B. countries C. varieties D. generations
17. A. useful B. doubtful C. thoughtful D. wonderful
18. A. belief B. opinion C. hope D. fact
19. A. species B. members C. drugs D. surroundings
20. A. Because B. Once C. Before D. Although
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。美国科学家声称他们已经培育出一种能抵抗感染的转基因蚊子,如果这项实验室技术起作用的话,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把疟疾传染给人类。
1. D 考查动词辨析。此处表示如果这项实验室技术在实地起作用的话,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把 疟疾传染给人类。count"重要",matter"要紧",apply"应用",work"产生……作用"。故选D。
2. A 考查动词辨析。参考上题解析可知,此处表示把疟疾传染给人类。故选A。spread"传播,(使)蔓延 ";send"发送";make"制造";turn"翻转"。
3. C 考查语境选词。由首句信息"US scientists say they have bred a genetically modified (GM) mosquito that can resist malaria(疟疾) infection"可知,他们的做法是使用一种叫作Crispr的基因编辑法,把一种新的 具有抵抗作用的基因植入蚊子自己的DNA。故选C。gene"基因"。
4. B 考查形容词辨析。由语境中的关键词inherited可知应用same。此处表示转基因蚊子交配后,他们的 后代继承相同的基因。great"伟大的";same"相同的,同一的";powerful"强大的";healthy"健康的"。
5. D 考查语境选词。由上文中的"If the lab technique 1(works) in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2(spreading) malaria to humans"可知,这只是理论上的设想,故选D,in theory"在理论上"。in practice"实际上"; in particular"特别,尤其";in general "总的说来"。
6. C 考查动词短语辨析。由第一段第二句中的"it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2 (spreading)malaria to humans"可知,科学家的主要目的是阻止蚊子传播导致疟疾的寄生虫。故 选C,pass on"传给"。
7. B 考查语境选词。由下文中的"kills around 580 000 people a year"可知,此处表示大约32亿人,约世界人 口的一半有患疟疾的危险。故选B,at risk of"有……的危险"。
8. A 考查生活常识。根据常识可知蚊帐的用途是帮助阻止蚊子咬人。故选A。improve"改善",deny"拒绝 ",get"得到,获得",均不符合题意。
9. B 考查生活常识。根据语境可知,感染上疟疾的人需要用药。此处catch 表示"得病,染疾"。match"配 对",resist"抵制",miss"错过",均不符合题意。
10. C 考查副词辨析。由转折连词but可知用still"仍然"。虽然蚊帐有助于阻止昆虫叮咬,而且我们可以给 那些感染疾病的人用药,但是疟疾每年仍然使得大约580 000人丧生。fairly"相当地";quite"十分 ";just"仅仅,只是"。
11. D 考查动词辨析。科学家们一直在寻找与疟疾做斗争的方法。get"得到,获得";find"发现,找到";shelter" 保护";fight"与……做斗争"。故选D。
12. A 考查动词辨析。由空格前的"GM mosquitoes could play a key role"以及空格后的宾语"resistant offspring"可知,此处表示培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代。句意:加利福尼亚大学的工作组相信他们的 转基因蚊子可以发挥关键作用——培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代来取代携带疟疾(病毒)的蚊子。
13. C 考查语境选词。由上下文可知这种做法是在实验阶段,因此用experiment。句意:他们选择了一种在 印度发现的蚊子进行实验。base"以……为据点";count"数数";experiment"做试验,进行实验";blame" 责怪"。
14. D 考查生活常识。蚊子是一种昆虫,所以用insect。fellow"家伙,同类";plant"植物";insect"昆虫"。
15. B 考查形容词辨析。此处表示Anthony博士和他的队友表明他们可以给这种蚊子新的DNA码以使其 成为疟疾寄生虫弱性携带者,故答案为poor。
16. D 考查语境选词。这种基因几乎100%由蚊子后代继承而且在三代内遗传。method"方法";country"国 家";variety"不同种类,多种式样";generation"代,一代"。故选D。
17. A 考查形容词辨析。科学家们培育转基因蚊子的目的是造福人类,因此这种新的基因是有用的(useful) 基因。doubtful"怀疑的";thoughtful "体贴的";wonderful"绝妙的,精彩的"。
18. C 考查名词辨析。研究者称这些调研结果为将同样的方法用于其他种类的蚊子提供了希望,故选C。 belief"信念",opinion"观点",fact"事实"。
19. A 考查名词辨析。此处指和印度蚊子相对应的其他种类(species)的蚊子。species"种,物种",member"成 员",drug"药",surroundings"环境"。
20. D 考查从属连词的用法。此处表示尽管不是解决疟疾问题的唯一方法,但将会是一种有用的附加武器, 上下文之间有逻辑上的让步关系,故选D。
【真题对点析】2
(2016·上海)
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
3. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
4. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
6. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
8. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
9. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。
1. D 根据后半句＂....will do anything to avoid it＂可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。
2. A to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。
3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正确。
4. D 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项＂above上面的＂正确。
5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。
6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。
7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。
8. D 根据前半句＂...women will become more effective managers than men...＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。
9. A 根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。
10. C 根据＂the trend towards downsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词＂reduce减少＂符合语境。
11. B be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与……相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效。故B项正确。
12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。
13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。
14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。
15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。
【对点模拟练】2
In terms of the original data in every way, the Chinese New Year — Spring Festival is the largest human event on the planet. In the seven 　1　of the Lunar New Year, Chinese are expected to 　2　more than $100 billion on eating and shopping — almost twice as much as Americans spend on Thanksgiving. 　3　, Chinese predictably buy railway tickets online 　4　a rate of more than 1 000 per second.
But it’s 　5　millions of Chinese people go home for the Spring Festival during "chunyun". All these 　6　take place at this time.
Transport networks have set 　7　highs for "chunyun" numbers almost every year for the past decade, the council(国务院)said.
Authorities expect travelers to make 356 million trips by 　8　during this year’s "chunyun" period. Taking the strain for the transportation is 　9　China’s high-speed railway network, now 　10　to 20 000 kilometers — the world’s longest. China’s total rail network 　11　more than 121 000 kilometers, the second largest in the world after the United States.
The "chunyun" 　12　isn’t just a wonder of logistics(组织工作); it also shows how modern China is 　13　.
Trains are packed with thousands of snoozing(打盹) 　14　, reflecting education reforms that have greatly 　15　the number of university places over the past decade.
　16　dressed office girls in high heels can be seen picking their way through 　17　on their way home, which is a product of the mass migration of rural people to China’s coastal cities in search of 　18　jobs in service industries and factories.
Many of China’s new middle classes will opt to drive private cars and traffic jam is now a(n) 　19　feature of the holiday period.
Many others, however, will choose to 　20　the confusion altogether and take a vacation abroad — increasingly an option for the new generation in China.
1. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years
2. A. cost B. spend C. take D. pay
3. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
4. A. for B. on C. to D. at
5. A. why B. where C. when D. how
6. A. privileges B. journeys C. organizations D. wonders
7. A. fair B. good C. nice D. new
8. A. air B. sea C. rail D. road
9. A. differently B. mainly C. clearly D. frequently
10. A. increased B. resisted C. promoted D. opposed
11. A. controls B. reaches C. aims D. shoots
12. A. environment B. requirement C. phenomenon D. circumstance
13. A. finding B. expecting C. obtaining D. changing
14. A. leaders B. workers C. students D. colleagues
15. A. declined B. expanded C. failed D. started
16. A. Gratefully B. Impatiently C. Practically D. Beautifully
17. A. playgrounds B. streets C. fields D. stations
18. A. better-paid B. well-done C. helpless D. fearless
19. A. regular B. strange C. important D. necessary
20. A. develop B. escape C. leave D. carry
【语篇解读】具有中国元素的说明文符合高考完形填空的选材趋势。中国的春运创世界之奇迹,也是中国人津津乐道的话题。
1. A 考查名词。根据上文的"the Chinese New Year — Spring Festival" 和下文的"the Lunar New Year"可推 断,此处指的是春节期间的"七天"(假期),故用days。
2. B 考查动词。由下文的关键信息"Americans spend on Thanksgiving"以及下文的介词on即可判断,此处 应填入spend,构成spend money on doing sth.。
3. A 考查副词。根据下文中的"Chinese predictably buy railway tickets"以及上文中的"Chinese are expected to"可知上下文存在递进关系,故用moreover(此外,而且)。therefore"因此",otherwise"否则",however" 然而",均不符合语境。
4. D 考查介词。此处考查固定短语at a rate of...,意为"以……的速度"。
5. C 考查连词。根据下文的"for the Spring Festival during ‘chunyun’"即可分析,此处指的是时间,故用连接 词when引导表语从句。
6. D 考查名词。由第五段中的"just a wonder of logistics(组织工作)"可知,此处应填入wonders与之呼应。 privilege"特殊利益",journey"旅行",organization"组织",wonder"奇迹"。
7. D 考查形容词。由下文的"almost every year for the past decade, the council(国务院) said"可知,此处强调 每年不断地在创新高。此处存在短语set new highs for。
8. C 考查名词。由下文语境和关键的信息句"Taking the strain for the transportation...China’s high-speed railway network"(承担春运压力的是中国高铁网络)可知,此处应用by rail"乘火车出行"。
9. B 考查副词。结合上一句可分析,春运的主要(mainly)交通工具还是中国高铁。differently"不同地",clearly"清晰 地",frequently "频繁地"。
10. A 考查动词。由下文的"the world’s longest"可知此处强调"如今中国高铁已增长至2万公里",故用 increased。resist"抵制",promote"提升",oppose"反对"。
11. B 考查动词。由下文的"the second largest in the world after the United States"可知此处指中国铁路网总 长度达到12.1万千米,故用reach"增加到,提升到(某一水平、速度等)"。
12. C 考查名词。由下文的"isn’t just a wonder of logistics(组织工作)"可知此处是指春运现象,故用 phenomenon。environment "环境",requirement"需求",circumstance"境况"。
13. D 考查动词。由上文的"it also shows how modern China"中的关键词how可知此处表示"它也说明了现 代中国正如何变化着",故用changing。
14. C 考查名词。由下文的"the number of university places"可知,此处表示火车上挤满了成千上万打盹的学 生,故用students。
15. B 考查动词。结合上一句可推断此处表示"中国教育改革极大地增加了大学入学名额",故用expand"扩 展,增加"。
16. D 考查副词。由关键信息词"dressed office girls in high heels"可知此处指姑娘们打扮漂亮时髦,故用 beautifully。gratefully"感激地",impatiently"不耐烦地",practically"实际上地",均不符合语境。
17. C 考查名词。由下文的"the mass migration of rural people to China’s coastal cities"可知,此处表示在回乡 村老家的路上小心走过田地,故用fields。
18. A 考查形容词。 由语境"to China’s coastal cities in search of...jobs"并结合常识可知他们应该是为找到 薪酬更为优厚的工作而大规模迁移到中国沿海城市,故用形容词better-paid,表示"薪酬更为优厚的"。
19. A 考查形容词。结合语境和常识可知此处表示"交通堵塞也已成为现今节假日期间的常见现象",故用 regular。
20. B 考查动词。根据语境可知此处表示还有许多人会选择完全避开这种混乱,去国外度假,故escape(避开) 符合语境。
【真题对点析】3
(2015·广东)
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 　1　 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 　2　 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 　3　. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 　4　 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 　5　 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 　6　 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 　7　 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 　8　 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 　9　. Now that the chances of dying 　10　 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 　11　 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 　12　, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 　13　 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 　14　 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 　15　 active and be devoted.
1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing
7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure
8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases
10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet
11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement
14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission
15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
1. A 此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design意为"设计"。
2. D 根据上下文可知,此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的年龄——如果一个人 极其健康和幸运的话,extremely "极度,极其"。
3. C 这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖,所以人才会变老。endlessly"无止境地,无限地"。
4. A get old的最终结果就是死亡,因此用eventually表示"最终"。
5. B 根据下文的美国人的平均寿命从47岁增长到75岁可知,这里应选longer。
6. D 根据空后的"between middle age and old age"可知,此处指的是"分界线",dividing line"分界线,界限",符 合语境。
7. C 根据上文提到的65岁作为中年和老年的分界线已经过时了,再结合空后的"until after age 75"可知, 本题选decline,这里指身体各功能的衰退。
8. A 根据下文中的"Before modern medicine changed... 　9　"中的"changed"和"died of"可知,现代医学改 变了这一状况,由此可知现在更多人活过童年,因此用survive。
9. D 通过上文的"modern medicine"可知此处选diseases。
10. B 由上文中的"childhood"可知这里应选young,空后的"the chances of living long are much higher"也是 提示。
11. A 通过下文的"such changes"可知本题的答案。
12. B 根据后面的"not disaster"可知这里用chances,也就是一些人看到的是机会而不是灾难。
13. A in mind和后文的in age相对应。
14. C 此处指的是我们需要老年人的贡献(contributions)。故选C。
15. D stay active意思为"保持积极"。
【对点模拟练】3
Communication is an important part of any relationship. Many of us are 　1　to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. But when it’s our turn to lend a(n) 　2　, we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to 　3　and offer advice.
That’s because of what researchers call "listening burnout(精疲力竭)". A friend might talk to us 　4　, often complaining about the same 　5　problems. When we offer quick advice to　6　the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to 　7　ourselves from burnout. However, good listeners 　8　their natural tendency to solve the other’s problems hurriedly and keep the conversation brief.
To be a good 　9　, you need to use "active listening". It starts with the real 　10　to help the others and think through their feelings. Don’t 　11　things. You can start by putting your phone 　12　and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions 　13　what he or she is saying. 　14　you are able to fully understand or not, acknowledge the other person’s　15　by reflecting them back: "That must be really hard for you." Use 　16　words or even sounds such as "yes" "right", and "hmm" to 　17　the other person to continue.
Of course, a 　18　can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical. But don’t get defensive. Effective listeners don’t 　19　negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey 　20　responding.
1．A.afraid B.hesitant C.shy D.eager
2．A.shoulder B.hand C.ear D.eye
3．A.respond B.explain C.argue D.quit
4．A.aimlessly B.endlessly C.deliberately D.cautiously
5．A.difficult B.old C.acute D.sensitive
6．A.fix B.discuss C.create D.describe
7．A.forgive B.protect C.discourage D.prevent
8．A.follow B.display C.form D.overcome
9．A.reader B.partner C.listener D.speaker
10．A.demand B.habit C.desire D.ability
11． A.skip B.rush C.overlook D.delay
12．A.away B.off C.out D.up
13．A.record B.restrict C.reflect D.replace
14．A.Whether B.Since C.While D.If
15．A.suggestions B.purposes C.responses D.feelings
16．A.big B.tough C.strong D.short
17．A.force B.remind C.encourage D.convince
18．A.conversation B.suggestion C.problem D.lecture
19．A.give up B.make up C.leave out D.block out
20．A.after B.before C.while D.once
【语篇解读】交流是人际关系中的一个重要部分,许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历或情感,但是如何做一个好的倾听者呢?
1．D 【解析】我们中许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历或感情。be eager to do sth. "渴望做某事"。
2．C 【解析】lend an ear意为"倾听",为固定词组。
3．A 【解析】根据空后的"offer advice"可知,此处表示"做出反应(respond)"。
4．B 【解析】由下文的"经常抱怨老掉牙的问题"可知,朋友无休止地(endlessly)跟我们谈论这些问题。
5．B 【解析】参见上题解析。old意为"古老的",符合语境。
6．A 【解析】当我们迅速提出建议来改变现状时,我们可能是在无意识地努力使自己免于疲惫。fix在此处表示"处理",相当于deal with。
【名师点睛】"一词多义"现象在高考完形填空中普遍存在。本题中fix一词还有"安装,确定,修理"等意思,对这类词的常见意义掌握得不够全面,会给考生带来很大的干扰。因此,平时学习中要注意积累。
7．B 【解析】参见上题解析。protect sb. from (doing) sth.意为"保护某人以免受……",符合语境。而prevent sb. from doing sth."阻止某人做某事",与语境不符。
8．D 【解析】然而,好的倾听者会克服(overcome)自己快速解决他人问题的自然倾向。
9．C 【解析】由下文的"active listening"可知,为了成为一个好的倾听者,你需要积极地倾听。
10．C 【解析】首先要有真正帮助他人的愿望(desire),并且考虑他们的感受。
11．B 【解析】rush things 表示"匆匆忙忙做事情",符合语境。skip"跳过";overlook"俯瞰,忽视";delay"推迟"。
12．A 【解析】这里表示把你的手机收起来放好,靠近你的朋友。 put away"把……收起来放好",符合语境。
13．C 【解析】由第15空后的"by reflecting them back"可知,用你的面部表情对他/她的话做出反应。reflect"反映,表达",符合语境。record"记录",restrict"限制",replace"代替"。
14．A 【解析】不管(Whether)你是否能够完全理解对方,都要对对方的情感(feelings)做出反应。
15．D 【解析】参见上题解析。feelings"情感,感情",符合语境。suggestion"建议",purpose"目的",response"回应"。
16．D 【解析】由下文的yes, right和hmm可知,用简短的(brief)语言鼓励(encourage)对方继续说下去。
17．C 【解析】参见上题解析。
18．A 【解析】由语境可知,如果另一个人太挑剔,谈话(conversation)会很难进行下去。
19．D 【解析】善听者不会抹去负面批评。block out"忘掉,抹去",符合语境。give up"放弃"; make up "组成,编造,弥补"; leave out"遗漏,省去,不考虑"。
20．B 【解析】他们会在做出反应之前去倾听、弄明白这个人试图传达的意思,故选B。

Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage1
（2015·重庆高考真题）Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 1 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 2 jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this 3 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 4 .
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 5 your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 6 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 7 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 8 of sleep and wakefulness.
1．A．flight B．change C．demand D．climate
2．A．suffering from B．working on C．looking into D．leading to
3．A．danger B．problem C．waste D．fear
4．A．briefly B．slowly C．suddenly D．effectively
5．A．checking B．sending C．adjusting D．stopping
6．A．awake B．alone C．hungry D．calm
7．A．though B．so C．whole D．or
8．A．understanding B．cycle C．research D．trend
Passage2
(2015·安徽)
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 　1　 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 　2　 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 　3　 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 　4　 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 　5　 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 　6　.
Another cause is our 　7　of disposable(一次性的)products. As 　8　 people, we are always looking for 　9　 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 　10　 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 　11　 to the problem. We are 　12　 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 　13　 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 　14　 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 　15　 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 　16　 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 　17　, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 　18　, this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 　19　 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 　20　. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem
2. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products
3. A. face B. become C. observe D. change
4. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw
5. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of
6. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful
7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division
8. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy
9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends
10. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve
11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes
12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for
13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger
14. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away
15. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences
16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands
18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
19. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of
20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising
Passage3
（2010·上海高考真题）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.
A detailed study of biological diversity（多样性）in town and city gardens has found that they offer a vital refuge for animals and plants. It has also found that many of the ideas about wildlife gardening are not 54 .In fact, small gardens are just as good as big gardens at 55 wildlife, suburban gardens are not always better than city gardens and non-native plants are not always harmful to native insects and birds. Britain’s 16,000,000 gardens are a refuge for hundreds of species of animals and plants that would find it 56 to survive on intensively （精细地）farmed land. According to the study, gardens are amazingly varied even compared to 57 environments that are good for wildlife. Small gardens are more interesting 58 they vary a great deal in botanical environment, All the wildlife responds to the variation.
Ken Thompson of Sheffield University was involved n the first detailed study of the 59 living in British gardens when he and his colleagues surveyed 61 gardens in Sheffield. They really found a（n） 60 diversity of plants and animals. They also identified a range of simple 61 that improved a garden’s environment for wildlife. The top thing is to grow more big trees as these greatly 62 the volume of vegetation in the garden and a lot of 63 means a lot of places to live and a lot of things to eat. 64 , create a pond for insects and frogs. Think before stocking it with fish which will eat insect eggs. Also, it is not wise to light up the garden at night with bright lawn lamps, which will 65 many night creatures, Finally, don’t be too tidy: don’t be 66 to clear up everything when the garden stops flowering. Just 67 a bit of things lying around.
To sum up, people who want to turn their gardens into wildlife refuges should 68 and let the grass grow tall, the flowers turn to seed and trees expand skyward.
54．A．true B．basic C．vivid D．simple
55．A．selecting B．importing C．offering D．attracting
56．A．impossible B．illegal C．lucky D．convenient
57．A．peaceful B．warm C．natural D．clean
58．A．before B．unless C．but D．because
59．A．wildlife B．men C．germ D．pet
60．A．confusing B．complete C．surprising D．orderly
61．A．measures B．standards C．services D．functions
62．A．occupy B．increase C．limit D．reduce
63．A．vegetation B．reservation C．preparation D．decoration
64．A．By contrast B．As a result C．In other words D．In addition
65．A．block B．disturb C．benefit D．protect
66．A．in a mess B．in a way C．in a hurry D．in a while
67．A．forget B．remove C．avoid D．leave
68．A．escape B．relax C．strive D．retire
【典题模测】
Passage1
As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to 1 the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.
Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to 5 , and in some cases, the forests are 6 permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11 the variety of those systems. 12 , some endangered species are unable to 13 and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out on the wonders of forests?
1．A．protect B．prevent C．save D．free
2．A．movement B．situation C．process D．operation
3．A．higher B．firmer C．lighter D．smaller
4．A．choice B．measure C．qualification D．chance
5．A．grow B．rescue C．recover D．decline
6．A．ignored B．lost C．hurt D．left
7．A．accessible B．enjoyable C．acceptable D．favorable
8．A．attention B．command C．trust D．support
9．A．frightened B．paid C．ruined D．wasted
10．A．common B．original C．distant D．strong
11．A．affecting B．improving C．forgetting D．reflecting
12．A．Besides B．Surprisingly C．Otherwise D．Unfortunately
13．A．devote B．keep C．adapt D．lead
14．A．due to B．in addition to C．instead of D．in spite of
15．A．pass B．miss C．break D．bring

Passage2
Universities in Britain are a magnet (磁铁) for overseas 46 . There are currently over 200,000 from outside Britain 47 at British universities. The 48 single group is Chinese students. There are currently 50,000 in the UK.
The British government 49 the total number of overseas students to be around 900,000 by 2025, and also thinks that a quarter of these will be 50 .
But why is the UK such a 51 destination for university students?
Well, the quality of your course is 52 . All courses are 53 by an independent system, so you can be assured that your course is officially approved and has wide international 54 .
The British education system is very 55 in order to provide for the needs of a modern, complex society. It is also cost-effective. Degree courses are 56 three years long, which is 57 and more intensive (集中的) than in other countries. There are lots of scholarships 58 .
British universities offer a personalized but independent approach. The emphasis is on creative and 59 thought, which helps develop the skills you will need to 60 in the global job market. Tutors not only teach but also provide support and 61 . As a result, international students have a very 62 drop-out rate and very high pass rates.
It is very 63 to become an international student in the UK. The British Council offers a free and impartial (公平的) service to anyone who is 64 in studying in the UK, and an organization called UCAS assists you in finding a course and making an effective 65 .
46．A．students B．teachers C．parents D．families
47．A．sightseeing B．studying C．arranging D．living
48．A．smallest B．roughest C．greatest D．largest
49．A．expects B．consists C．devotes D．attracts
50．A．British B．Japanese C．Chinese D．French
51．A．popular B．united C．convenient D．splendid
52．A．divided B．guaranteed C．accomplished D．described
53．A．described B．arranged C．originated D．assessed
54．A．recognition B．possibility C．consistency D．opportunity
55．A．enjoyable B．flexible C．imaginative D．original
56．A．merely B．originally C．usually D．roughly
57．A．longer B．fairer C．harder D．shorter
58．A．furnished B．consistent C．available D．obvious
59．A．imaginary B．brave C．humorous D．independent
60．A．attract B．clarify C．compete D．collect
61．A．quarrel B．error C．credit D．guidance
62．A．high B．low C．medium D．narrow
63．A．simple B．difficult C．thrilling D．clear
64．A．delighted B．interested C．imaginative D．satisfied
65．A．conflict B．description C．application D．administration

Passage3
In many cases, online classes can be a gift to college students everywhere. They're different from traditional classes in many ways, which can be a welcome 16 for students. So what exactly do students love about taking online classes? ---A 17 schedule.
One thing that many college students probably 18 about traditional, in-person classes is that they're inflexible. Whether you have a Monday-Wednesday class,a Tuesday- Thursday class, or what have you,there is usually a specific schedule you need to 19 and you must attend the class in person.
20 ,online classes are much more flexible. They don't 21 you to attend class at a particular time,which means you have the opportunity to do your work whenever you see fit. Of course, this comes with a possible 22 if you aren't the best at managing your time.However, if you are 23 at managing your own schedule and getting your assignments and studying done in a timely manner, then online classes are a great 24 for you.
What's more, if your entire program is online (e.g. if you're. 25 an online master's degree), this 26 you a lot more flexibility than if you're attending traditional university classes. 27 if you happen to have a part-time or even full-time job at the same time, you will be able to get your work done for your online classes on your own time- 28 in the evenings when you come home from work, in the mornings before work, on the weekends, or any time 29
30 ,flexibility with your classes gives you the chance to make time for other important things' in your life-like working a job to earn some money, spending time with friends and family, and also taking much-needed time for yourself.
16．A．reply B．restriction C．routine D．relief
17．A．fixed B．flexible C．fragile D．frequent
18．A．dislike B．discourage C．disagree D．distinct
19．A．regulate B．follow C．resist D．foster
20．A．In addition B．In a word C．In other words D．By contrast
21．A．acquire B．obtain C．remind D．require
22．A．disadvantage B．discipline C．distinction D．diversity
23．A．enthusiastic B．energetic C．efficient D．exceptional
24．A．obstacle B．challenge C．amusement D．option
25．A．pursuing B．possessing C．practicing D．performing
26．A．avoid B．supply C．afford D．search
27．A．Specially B．Especially C．Evidently D．Typically
28．A．what B．whatever C．whether D．when
29．A．in between B．in short C．in general D．in particular
30．A．Originally B．Occasionally C．Thoroughly D．Ultimately