高中英语高考解密17 七选五（教师版）--【高频考点解密】2021年山东新高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练

解密17 七选五

考点详解




【考纲解读】
该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
近四年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析：
年份
卷别
体裁
题材
话题
2018
全国卷I
说明文
室内设计
室内设计中颜色的选择
全国卷II
说明文
晨练
早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处
全国卷III
说明文
舞蹈
跳舞的好处
2017
全国卷I
记叙文
个人生活
作者露营的经历
全国卷II
说明文
社会工作
为避免工作被打断提出的建议
全国卷III
说明文
个人健康
如何制定计划去调节生物钟
2016
全国卷I
说明文
文化科技
密码的设置方法和破解的方法
全国卷II
说明文
社会生活
自己建设花园的具体建议
全国卷III
说明文
社会生活
乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来
2020
全国卷I
说明文
人际关系
自我接纳的小技巧
全国卷II
说明文
社会生活
表情符号及在工作交流中的优势
【题型分析】
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
【解题步骤】
步骤1
在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。
1. 先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。
【巧学妙记】
（一名(名词)袋（代词）鼠（数次）很特殊（特殊疑问词），连（连词）蹦（动词）带跳很彪（标点/标题）悍。）
2. 要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。
3. 一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。
4. 将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。
答题技巧
细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)
1.词汇的衔接包括：
（1)词汇复现
复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
（2)同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
(3)代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。
2.逻辑关系的衔接
过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：
A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),...；First, then/next,...；In the first place， in the second place...;for one thing,for another thing ,...；then /next ,finally/last 等。
B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,what’s more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not ...but... ,not only ...but also等。
C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等
D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such ...that ...,so that ...等
E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等
F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。
3.篇章结构类题解题技巧
根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略
{1)如果问题在段首
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
（2)如果问题在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
备考策略：
• 注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。
• 注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。
• 注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。
• 将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。
步骤2
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与
＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内 容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章 的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文 章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作 方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与 末段的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关 的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先 跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑 关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关 系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代 入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项 的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分 析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印 象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。
解题策略
（1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连 贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步 确认答案。
（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词， 然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、 代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有 效的方法。
（3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更 清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要 的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联 词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名 词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述 概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：
　　（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neither„nor„,either„or„,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same „as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more
　　（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so„that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course
　　（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
        （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。
5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同
（1）若问题在段首
（i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主 题句，找到答案。
（ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相 关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中 会 有某种的衔接手段。
（iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机 地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
（2）若问题在段尾
（i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
（ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence,thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
（iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲 内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
（vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根 据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关 联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧 密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。
（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是 否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一 段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在 段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
（3）若问题是一整个自然段
（i）承上启下是这个段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的 选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。
（ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因 此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。
（iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容 连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。
简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。

检测训练



题组一 真题在线
1. 【2020·全国卷I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36． Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37． Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38． You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39．
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40． Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A．Feeling upset again?
B．Where do you start?
C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D．Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?

【答案】
36．B
37．F
38．D
39．C
40．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36．
根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance(自我接纳的几点建议)及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。
37．
根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
38．
根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。
39．
根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，即没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。故选C项。
40．
结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可推知本句是在说明“再次感到心烦意乱”的情况。选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
2. 【2020·全国卷II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36．. It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37．, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38．. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39．. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
40．, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A．Message with emojis feel more conversational
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D．The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36．D
根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。
37．A
根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
38．G
根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。
39．B
根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
40．F
根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
3. 【2020·全国卷III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36． And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
37． Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
38． This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39．
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40． Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A．This isn’t usual though.
B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C．You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D．If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36．E
上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37．B
下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
38．C
本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
39．A
本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
40．G
上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。
4.【2020·山东卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16．Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17． Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18．
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19．And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20．It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A．Do the opposite.
B．You want to be an effective public speaker.
C．You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D．When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16．G
本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17．A
下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18．C
本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19．B
本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20．D
下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
5.【2020·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31． His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 32． I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 33．
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34． I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
35．My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A．I wasn't alone any longer.
B．I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C．I was invited to play with another kid.
D．I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
31．G
设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。
32．D
根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D项切题。故选D项。
33．A
根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A项切题。故选A项。
34．F
根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。F项切题。故选F项。
35．E
根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E项“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E项切题。故选E项。
二、2020届模拟题
1. 2020届广西南宁市高三第二次适应性测试
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Criticism (批评) is harmful to healthy relationships. It’s okay to express disappointment if someone is behaving in a way that hurts you. 16. The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins.
17. Before you criticize, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything at all. If someone did something to get on your nerves, would you really need to point it out? Sometimes, it’s best to let small rudeness go Take a few deep breaths and leave the room instead of criticizing.
Be realistic. Critical people often have very high expectations of those around them. Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. 18.
Separate the individual from their actions. Critical people often focus on the negative aspects of a situation or a person, failing to see good qualities alongside negative ones. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. 19. We all behave poorly sometimes, but a single action is not a reflection of character.
Focus on positives. Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. 20. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.
A. Never criticize others.
B. Think before you speak.
C. Everyone has drawbacks and imperfections.
D. It may be a good idea to adjust your expectations.
E.We should focus on other people’s disappointing actions.
F.Try to separate a disappointing action from the person doing the action.
G.Being overly critical, however, can cause tension in a relationship over time.
这是一篇说明文。文章指出了批评有害于健康的关系，并提出了在开始批评之前控制它的一些办法。
16.G
根据下一句The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins. 下面是一些在批评开始之前控制它的方法。可知，此处内容与批评不恰当带来不好的影响有关，选项G“然而，过度批评会导致关系长期紧张。”符合语境。故选G。
17.B
根据下一句Before you criticize, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything at all.在你批评别人之前，停下来想一想你是否真的需要说些什么。可知，此处内容与三思而后言有关，选项B“三思而后言。”符合语境，为短文的小标题。故选B。
18.D
根据上文Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. 你批评的倾向可能来自于对别人期望过高。有时你会发现自己总是对别人感到恼火或失望。可知，此处内容与调整自己的期望值有关，选项D“调整你的期望值可能是个好主意。”符合语境。故选D。
19.F
根据上文Separate the individual from their actions. 把个人和他们的行为分开。可知，此处内容与把个人的行为与个人区分开有关，选项F“试着把一个令人失望的行为和正在做这个行为的人区分开来。”符合语境。故选F。
20.F
根据下文However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones. 然而，绝大多数人的优点多于缺点。试着关注一个人的积极品质而不是消极品质。可知，此处内容与每个人都有缺点有关，选项C“每个人都有缺点和不完美。”符合语境。故选C。
2. 2020届湖北省八校高三第二次联考
New Year’s resolutions you should be making about time management
You likely already have too many goals and too many disappointments from this past year. So as you look ahead to 2020, the idea of adding more seems kind of exciting but also a bit forbidding. That’s why as a time management coach, I recommend that you do the opposite: 16.
Know less
It’s okay not to be up-to-date on everything. To cut down on these distractions, you might turn off social media notifications on your phone. 17. Unsubscribe from notification emails or newsletters you don’t read regularly.
Resolution: I resolve to be less aware of “interesting” things so I can be interested in and present for the people around me.
Care less
This one may sound a bit unfeeling.You may want to be a kind and thoughtful person for your friends and family and to serve your clients well. 18. What that means is that you say “No” a lot.
Here is a way:
I am at the service of my customers Monday through Friday, during the day. 19. Being able to unplug from work in my personal time increases my ability to serve my clients well when I’m in the office.
Resolution: 20. Consequently, I can match my time with my highest priorities and take better care of the people closest to me.
Is it easy to do less? No. But will it lead you to the best outcomes in the end? Yes. You’ll thank yourself for it at the end of 2020.
A. Resolve to do less.
B. Contact people face to face.
C. I have to manage my time strategically.
D. But I don’t feel the need to be available 24/7.
E.Alternatively, you could offload the apps altogether.
F.I resolve to care less about what others want me to do.
G.But you can’t care about everyone who wants your attention professionally.
本文为说明文。文章叙述了在新年如何制定关于管理时间的新年计划。工作日外要有自己的私人时间，用于做自己喜欢做的事。人的精力是有限的，不能尽力照顾每一个人，要关心最亲近的人。到了年底你会感激自己的。
16.A
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。第一段第一句“You likely already have too many goals and too many disappointments from this past year. So as you look ahead to 2020, the idea of adding more seems kind of exciting but also a bit forbidding.” 从去年开始，你可能已经有太多的目标和太多的失望。所以当你展望2020年，添加更多的想法似乎有点令人兴奋，但也有点令人生畏。下面说这就是我建议你反其道而行之（you do the opposite）: ______”。文中冒号起到解释说明作用，“do the opposite”对应上文提到“the idea of adding more”，与增加更多的想法相反的就是不去做多的计划，分析选项可知，可知A项Resolve to do less（决心少点）符合题意。故选A。
17.E
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本文的小标题“know less”知道的少点。上句“It’s okay not to be up-to-date on everything. To cut down on these distractions, you might turn off social media notifications on your phone.” 不了解每件事的最新进展也没关系。为了减少这些干扰，你可以关掉手机上的社交媒体通知。以及后面的“Unsubscribe from notification emails or newsletters you don’t read regularly.” 取消订阅你不经常阅读的通知邮件或时事通讯。这些都是呼应上文提到的减少社交媒体干扰，分析选项可知E项Alternatively, you could offload the apps altogether（或者，你也可以完全卸载应用程序）中用“Alternatively”提出另外一种解决方案，即把应用程序卸载了，也就了解的少了，可知E项符合题意，故选E。
18.G
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。针对前文“you may want to be a kind and thoughtful person for your friends and family and to serve your clients well” 你可能想成为一个善良体贴的人，为您的朋友和家人，并为您的客户提供良好的服务。结合空后“What that means is that you say “No” a lot.”意味着多拒绝。可知，结合本段的小标题为“care less(少关心点)”。可知，本段就是要求你少点关心。分析选项可知，G项But you can’t care about everyone who wants your attention professionally.（但你不能关心每个想要你专门关心的人）与少点关心意义一致。把本句放入句中，即：但你不能关心每个想要你专门关心的人，这意味着你经常说“不”。可知，意义上是一致的，故选G。
19.D
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。前文“I am at the service of my customers Monday through Friday, during the day” 我星期一到星期五白天都在为顾客服务。后文又提到“Being able to unplug from work in my personal time” 能够在我的私人时间里从工作中解脱出来。可知，没有必要一周七天都要工作。要用自己的私人时间。分析选项可知，D项But I don’t feel the need to be available 24/7（但是我觉得没有必要一周七天，一天24小时都要为客户服务）符合题意，由此故而中间需要D项作为衔接。故选D。
20.F
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格后的“I can match my time with my highest priorities and take better care of the people closest to me.” 我可以将我的时间做我的最优先要做的事，更好地照顾与我最亲近的人。因此可知，不能在乎别人要你做什么，而要做你最想做的事，照顾你最想照顾的人。这也呼应前面的小标题“Care less”提出的新年心愿。分析选项可知F 项I resolve to care less about what others want me to do（我决心不去在乎别人想让我做什么）符合语境可知，可知F项符合题意，故选F。
3. 2020届湖南省衡阳市高三二模英语试题
Benefits of Deep Cleaning Your Home
The researchers have discovered an average of 7,000 different types of bacteria per household.
One study shows the dirtiest objects in the home found over 340 different bacteria on 30 different objects. So what actually are the benefits of deep cleaning? Let’s find out!
16. Dust can cause sore eyes, coughing, hay fever (花粉病) and asthma (哮喘) attacks.17. For instance, dust can be found behind cabinets, on top of doors, windows and so on. Deep cleaning involves cleaning those places to wipe out the dust particles around them. With the absence of dust particles in the air, it will help improve the air quality in your home significantly.
Remove harmful bacteria and viruses.18. Some bacteria divide every 20 minutes with the right temperature and nutrients. Places like the kitchen, living room, and especially toilets contain the most bacteria and viruses. Quick wipe downs are quick and convenient but it’s ineffective, only a deep clean can eliminate the majority of bacteria and viruses laying around.
Reduce stress. People might find it odd how deep cleaning can actually reduce stress levels in the house. It may not be obvious but when conducting deep cleaning, you will be moving, rearranging and organizing household items. 19. You may even need a helping hand with getting rid of the large amount of clutter (杂乱物) around the house.
So, by deep cleaning your house every so often, you can get rid of clutter and the trouble of misplacing items around the house.20.
A. Separate dust particles.
B. Better indoor air quality.
C. Dirty homes are shelters for bacteria and viruses.
D. Dirty and messy homes are linked to many illnesses and infections.
E.There are more dust particles lying around your home than you know.
F.You will meet useless items by accident laying around for who knows how long.
G.You will even be awarded extra living space from removing all that dust-collecting items.
这是一篇说明文。研究人员在每户人家平均发现了7000种不同类型的细菌。一项研究表明，在家中最脏的物品上发现了超过340种不同的细菌，分布在30个不同的物品上。文章主要说明了一些深层清理房子的三点好处。
16.B
根据本段最后一句With the absence of dust particles in the air, it will help improve the air quality in your home significantly.可知，由于空气中没有灰尘颗粒，它将有助于显著改善你家里的空气质量。由此可知，本段主要说明的是深层清洁可以改善室内空气质量。故B选项“改善室内空气质量”符合上下文语境，故选B。
17.E
根据后文For instance, dust can be found behind cabinets, on top of doors, windows and so on.可知，例如，灰尘可以被发现在橱柜后面，门的顶部，窗户等。由此可知，家里的灰尘看一看藏在很多看不见的地方，因此家周围的灰尘颗粒比人们想象的要多。故E选项“你家周围的灰尘颗粒比你想象的要多”符合上下文语境，故选E。
18.C
根据上文Remove harmful bacteria and viruses.可知，清除有害细菌和病毒。由此可知，本段是在说明房屋中细菌和病毒的情况。上文中bacteria and viruses可对应到C选项中bacteria and viruses。故C选项“肮脏的房屋是细菌和病毒的庇护所”符合上下文语境，故选C。
19.F
根据上文It may not be obvious but when conducting deep cleaning, you will be moving, rearranging and organizing household items.可知，这可能不是很明显，但当进行深度清洁时，你会移动，重新安排和组织家庭用品。由此可知，在重新安排和组织家庭用品的过程中会发现一些无用的东西，清理后可以减轻房子的压力。故F选项“你会偶然遇到一些不知道在那里躺了多久的无用的东西”符合上下文语境，故选F。
20.G
根据上文So, by deep cleaning your house every so often, you can get rid of clutter and the trouble of misplacing items around the house.可知，所以，通过每隔一段时间彻底清理你的房子，你可以摆脱杂乱和把东西乱放的麻烦。由此可知，本句承接上文说明给房子深层清理的好处。故G选项“你甚至可以获得额外的居住空间，因为你可以清除所有的灰尘”符合上下文语境，故选G。
4. 2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考
In addition to being an important driver of personal health, optimism has been thought as one of the most important qualities of an innovative (创新的) leader. 16.
Leaders who are too optimistic can actually reduce their team’s morale (斗志) and productivity. This is because too much optimism comes across as blind to the challenges that a team may face along the course of a project. 17.
One way is to focus on the challenges that lie ahead for your team. When leaders talk about the reasons why an approach might not work, someone on their team is more likely to jump in and insist on why the team will succeed. It’s a bit like reverse psychology (逆反心理).
18. Ask questions such as, “What problems do you see that I may be missing? Are there reasons we shouldn’t go on? And where might our assumptions be wrong?”
Through this line of questioning, you as the leader acknowledge that there may be challenges while also showing your confidence in your team to overcome them.
19. But at the same time, employees want their managers to recognize the barriers they overcome in order to help the team succeed.
The next time you want to encourage your team, express your confidence in their abilities while acknowledging that there may be struggles along the way. That’s right. 20. Leaders who see the glass as too full actually reduce the success of their teams.
A. With it, we can achieve anything.
B. There’s a pessimistic view, however.
C. To be a good leader, you need to be less optimistic.
D. Another way is for leaders to be more skillful in asking questions.
E.Nowhere is optimism more important than in leading organizations.
F.The following are ways for leaders to avoid coming across as too optimistic.
G.Nobody wants to work with a person who frequently adds bad news and negative feelings to a gathering.
这是一篇说明文。介绍了如何做一个优秀的领导：不要过于乐观及避免过于乐观的方法，能够看到团队的挑战，对团队有信心。
16. B
此空上一句说乐观被认为是最重要的创新领导力的品质之一，下一句说太乐观的领导会降低组内斗志和生产率。因此可知，此空衔接上下句，表转折关系，B选项however表转折。故选B。
17. F
此空上一句说到，领导过于乐观的危害，下文内容是领导如何避免过于乐观的方法。因此，此空应该意为：下面介绍几种避免乐观导致的危害的方法。故选F。
18.D
根据下文“Ask questions such as, “What problems do you see that I may be missing?”，可知此空意为：避免过于乐观的方法是有技巧的询问问题。故选D。
19.G
上一句说：你作为领导，要知道团队遇到挑战的时候，也要展示你对团队能战胜挑战有信心。再联系上文可知，此空意为：作为领导，不能太乐观，但也不能太消极，没有人愿意跟一个总是分享坏消息和负面情绪的人在一起工作。故选G。
20.C
此空上文说到领导正确的做法；下一句说：过于乐观的领导往往减少了他们团队的成功。可知此空意为：一个好的领导应该是什么样子的。起到承上启下的作用。故选C。
5. 2020届重庆市高三“二诊”
Stress is all around us, but there are some ways we can manage our strew regardless of what comes our way .
How many times do we find ourselves doing something just for money? Don’t get me wrong — I like money as much as the next person. But if most everything we do revolves around how much money we might make, we will end up being miserable. I would suggest you do things because they are the right thing to do, or because it feels good to you. The money will follow. 16.
17. Do you know that by helping others you really end up helping yourself? If you give and share from a place of non-expectation, you will reap great rewards. Then you will let go of your problems and it will help reduce your stress.
18. They are either in a hospital or nursing home that have no one left of their family or friends. How about going to visit someone and maybe bring a pet along for the visit? 19. When you see their faces, and get their appreciation all your stress will simply melt away. Try it and see for yourself.
By having options and the right intentions you reduce the possibility of a situation causing you stress. 20. By doing so you will find that you feel better about yourself and end up with less stress in your life.
A. There are many lonely people out there.
B. You can also see how you can help others.
C. Actually, your stress will not melt away immediately.
D. How many times have you reached out a helping hand to others?
E.Some can be done individually, while others are best done in a group setting.
F.If you take this approach you will be a lot happier and healthier in the long run.
G.You would be surprised how much these people would appreciate such a simple act of kindness.
本文是一篇说明文。压力无处不在，但有一些方法我们可以管理我们的生活，不管我们遇到什么。
16.F
根据上文But if most everything we do revolves around how much money we might make, we will end up being miserable. I would suggest you do things because they are the right thing to do, or because it feels good to you. The money will follow. (但如果我们所做的大多数事情都是围绕着我们能赚多少钱，我们最终会很痛苦。我建议你做一些事情，因为它们是正确的事情，或者因为它让你感觉很好。钱会随之而来)可知，做正确的事或感觉好的事自然会有钱来，会使你幸福快乐。F. If you take this approach you will be a lot happier and healthier in the long run.(如果你采取这种方法，从长远来看，你会更快乐、更健康) 符合语境。故选F。
17.D
根据下文Do you know that by helping others you really end up helping yourself? (你知道帮助别人最终会帮助自己吗？)可知，本段主要讲帮助他人减压。D. How many times have you reached out a helping hand to others? (你向别人伸出过多少次援助之手？)与下文构成两个引起反思的疑问句，符合语境。故选D。
18.A
根据下文They are either in a hospital or nursing home that have no one left of their family or friends. (他们不是在医院里就是在疗养院里，他们的家人和朋友都走了)可知，这些在医院或疗养院的人没有家人陪伴。A. There are many lonely people out there.(外面有很多孤独的人)符合语境。故选A。
19.G
根据上文How about going to visit someone and maybe bring a pet along for the visit? (去拜访某人，或许带一只宠物一起去也可以？)可知，去看看那些孤独的人，带上宠物，这是一个简单的善举。G. You would be surprised how much these people would appreciate such a simple act of kindness.(你会惊讶地发现这些人会多么感激这样一个简单的善举)符合语境。故选G。
20.B
根据上文By having options and the right intentions you reduce the possibility of a situation causing you stress. (有了选择和正确的意图，你就减少了给你带来压力的可能性)及上面提及的方式可知，你不仅可以减少自己的压力，还可帮助他人。B. You can also see how you can help others.(你也可以看到你能如何帮助别人)符合语境。故选B。
6. 2020届山东省泰安市高三第二轮复习质量检测
If you look around the streets of London, you’ll see the many methods people use to move around. 16. Now there’s a new addition: electric, or e-scooters (滑板车).
This traditional children’s vehicle has become more complicated over the years. And now, with the addition of a small electric motor, it’s become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Scooting around town can be fun and doesn’t involve much effort. 17. But considering accidents involving an electric scooter in the UK, questions are being asked about their safety and whether traffic laws should be changed.
Many e -scooter riders in the UK broke the law. Some have been seen on pavements, others on the road jumping red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists stuck in jams. In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement is forbidden. But, despite this, it seems the increasing popularity of e-scooters means they can be seen everywhere. 18.
The UK government is looking at how safely they can be used on the road and is ‘reviewing’ the law. But its transport minister, Michael Ellis, has told the BBC that: “Micromobility products are appearing in countries across the globe and are an exciting innovation for which we know there is demand. 19. ”
20. Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30mph, they sometimes only have one brake and no lights. However confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them unprotected. So it seems more work needs to be done to give e -scooters a safe and legal space to travel in.
A. The roads are already crowded.
B. We are mainly after economic benefits.
C. People seldom see e-scooter accidents in the UK.
D. However, safety must always be our top priority.
E.And now users are calling on regulations to be changed.
F.There’s no doubt there are dangers in riding a two-wheeled scooter.
G.It’s no wonder they’re becoming increasingly popular in cities around the world.
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了滑板车作为交通工具的兴起及随之出现的安全问题。
16.A
根据前一句If you look around the streets of London, you’ll see the many methods people use to move around.可知，如果你环顾伦敦的街道，你会看到人们用来走动的许多方法。后一句引出本文话题：现在又有了一个新成员——滑板车。选项A. The roads are already crowded(路上已经很拥挤了)符合语境，故选A。
17.G
本段前两句And now, with the addition of a small electric motor, it’s become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Scooting around town can be fun and doesn’t involve much effort.解释了滑板车的优势，故下文总结它受到人们的欢迎，选项G. It s no wonder they re becoming increasingly popular in cities around the world.(难怪它们在世界各地的城市里越来越受欢迎)符合文意，故选G。
18.E
根据前文表述，In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement is forbidden. But, despite this, it seems the increasing popularity of e-scooters means they can be seen everywhere. (在英国，法律规定在公共公路或人行道上骑自行车是被禁止的。但是，尽管如此，似乎日益流行的电动滑板车意味着它们随处可见)可知，在旧有的法律规定和电动滑板车日益流行之间存在着矛盾，因此E. And now users are calling on regulations to be changed(现在，用户们呼吁改变这些规定)符合文意，故选E。
19.D
根据本文主题句The UK government is looking at how safely they can be used on the road and is ‘reviewing’ the law.(英国政府正在研究如何在路上使用它们的安全性，并正在重新审查这项法律。)和设空处的前一句Micromobility products are appearing in countries across the globe and are an exciting innovation for which we know there is demand. (微型移动产品正在全球各国出现，这是一项令人兴奋的创新，我们知道这是有需求的)可知它的安全性是首要考虑的问题，故D项 However, safety must always be our top priority.符合文意，故选D。
20.F
根据空格后面两句Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30mph, they sometimes only have one brake and no lights. However confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them unprotected.(尽管有些时速能超过30英里，但有时只有一个刹车，没有车灯。不管车手有多自信，路上的大车都会让他们失去保护。)可知，电动滑板车自身存在的缺陷，致使它在行驶过程中存在危险，此处F. There’s no doubt there are dangers in riding a two-wheeled scooter.(毫无疑问，骑两轮滑板车是有危险的。)符合文意，故选F。
7. 2020届河南省三市（许昌、济源、平顶山)高三下学期第二次联考
People all over the world have some strange hobbies, and one of the most unusual in Britain is "trainspotting". 16. .You'll see the grown.ups standing around a railway stations and other places where trains pass by, and you'll see them taking photos and exchanging notes with each other. So, what are they doing?
17. - the numbers on the front of the trains, or the make and model of the "locomotive (火车头)" -the part of the train which pulls all the other part. In the same way that some people collect toys or stamps, these men collect and exchange all kinds of details about trains and railways.
The idea goes back as far as 1942. That year, a young man named Ian Allan was working at Waterloo railway station in London.18. , and quite a lot of the questions he received were very similar. He found himself getting a little annoyed at sending the sine replies to the same questions .so he had a word with him boss. He asked if he could write a brochure giving the answers to the most frequently asked questions. His boss said if he wanted to waste his time on such a project, that'OK.19. .So he did. The brochure he wrote was the earliest version of the FAQs (常见问题) you see on websites nowadays.
The first 2,000 copies were all sold in days, and by the 1950s, a million copies of British Railways Locomotives were selling every year. Ian Allan went to become a successful publisher, and got an Order of the British Empire(OBE,大英帝国勋章) from the Queen in 1995.20. .
A. But he should do it in his own time
B. The young man spent much time on it
C. They're looking for the trains they've taken
D. Well, they're collecting information about trains
E.It's usually men over the age of 40, but not always
F.He died in 2015, but his trainspotting hobby lives on
G.It was his job to answer letters from people about trains
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍在英国最不寻常的奇怪的爱好“猜火车”。
16.E
根据上文提示“世界各地的人都有一些奇怪的爱好，其中在英国最不寻常的是‘猜火车’。”再根据下文提示“你会看到成年人站在火车站周围和火车经过的其他地方，你会看到他们拍照，互相交换笔记。”承接上下文，E项 It's usually men over the age of 40, but not always（通常是40岁以上的男性，但也不总是这样）切题。故选E。
17.D
根据下文提示“火车前部的号码，或者‘火车头’的制造和型号——火车的一个部分，带动其他部分。”承接下文，D项 Well, they're collecting information about trains（他们在收集关于火车的信息）切题。故选D。
18. G
根据上文提示“那一年，一个名叫伊恩·艾伦的年轻人在伦敦滑铁卢火车站工作。”再根据下文提示“他收到的很多问题都很相似。”承接上下文，G项 It was his job to answer letters from people about trains（他的工作是回复人们关于火车的来信）切题。故选G。
19. A
根据上文提示“他的老板说，如果他想在这样的项目上浪费时间，没问题。”再根据下文提示“他的确做了。”承接上下文，A项But he should do it in his own time（但他应该在自己的时间做这件事）切题。故选A。
20.B
根据上文提示“伊恩·艾伦成为了一个成功的出版商，并在1995年从女王那里得到了大英帝国的勋章。”承接上文，F项 He died in 2015, but his trainspotting hobby lives on（他于2015年去世，但他看《猜火车》的爱好依然存在）切题。故选F。
8. 2020届浙江省宁波市高三二模
There are hundreds of publishers across the world and millions of books get printed every year. Moreover, a book can be printed by several polishers.11.
To overcome the problem of identifying books, publishers have come up with a unique numbering system. For instance, if 50,000 copies of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes are printed by a publisher at one time (called an edition), all of them are identified by one number code. 12. your address begins with your house number, street, locality, state and ends with a statement of the country where you live. An ISBN book number achieves a similar aim of identifying and tracing a book
If you pick up any book, turn it around you will see a number which looks something like this — ISBN 90-70002-34-5. This is called the ISBN number. ISBN stands for International Standard Book Numbering. 13. The ISBN number is divided into four groups that are separated by a space or a hyphen.
The first part of the ISBN identifies the country and is called the Group Identifier. 14. The second part is called the Publisher Prefix. The Publisher Prefix is used to identify the publisher of the book. The publisher prefix may contain up to seven digits.
The third part identifies the title and the edition of the book and so is called the Title Identifier, which may consist of up to six digits. 15. Since you can have the same book from the same publisher but with different editions, the Title Identifier helps to differentiate between them.
The fourth and the final part is called the Check digit, a single digit (from 0 to 9) used to check whether the given ISBN number is correct or wrong. If an ISBN number is incorrect, this means that the book is a version printed illegally.
A. It may consist of up to five digits.
B. So what can the ISBN number do for you?
C. This makes the task of identifying a book very difficult.
D. It is a numbering system that is used to describe the book.
E.Book publishers often come out with newer and updated versions of earlier books.
F.The number Code is your home — address that can only be shared by your parents and
G.The ISBN numbering system helps book stores and book publishers to handle categorize to handle, categorize, store and identify books easily.
本文是一篇选句填空，文章讲述了为了解决图书识别的问题，出版商提出了一个独特的编号系统（ISBN书号系统）。
11.C
文章衔接题。根据前文Moreover, a book can be printed by several polishers.可知，而且一本书可以被几家抛光厂印刷出来，C项：This makes the task of identifying a book very difficult.这使得识别一本书的任务非常困难。符合文意。故选C项。
12. F
联系下文题。根据下文your address begins with your house number, street, locality, state and ends with a statement of the country where you live.可知，你的地址以你的门牌号、街道、地点、州开始，以你居住的国家的声明结束，F项：The number Code is your home — address that can only be shared by your parents and号码是你的家庭住址，家庭住址只能由你的父母分享和……。符合文意。故选F项。
13.D
语境辨析题。根据前文ISBN stands for International Standard Book Numbering.可知，ISBN代表国际标准图书编号，D项：It is a numbering system that is used to describe the book.这是一个用来描述书的编号系统。符合文意。故选D项。
14.A
联系下文题。根据下文The Publisher Prefix is used to identify the publisher of the book. The publisher prefix may contain up to seven digits.可知出版者前缀用于标识图书的出版者，发布者前缀最多可包含七位数字，A项：It may consist of up to five digits.它最多可以由五位数字组成。符合文意。故选A项。
15. E
逻辑推断题。根据下文Since you can have the same book from the same publisher but with different editions, the Title Identifier helps to differentiate between them.可知由于同一出版商的同一本书有不同的版本，因此标题标识符有助于区分它们，E项：Book publishers often come out with newer and updated versions of earlier books.图书出版商经常出版较新和更新版本的早期书籍。符合文意。故选E项。
9. 2020届湖南省湘潭县一中高三5月模拟
How long does a year last? 16. But your parents might say that a whole year can pass “in the blink of an eye”. Why does time seem to pass faster as we get older?
17. This physical change causes the rate at which we take in and process new information to decline. Babies, for example, move their eyes much more often than adults because they’re processing images at a faster rate. They take in a lot of information and do many things in a single day. 18. However, as people’s brains degrade over time, fewer images are processed in the same amount of time. Therefore, older people receive less information during a day than younger people. This causes things to seem as though they’re happening more quickly.
19. People may measure time by the number of memorable events that can be recalled within a certain period. Have you ever noticed that when you recall your firsts (first day of school, first family vacation, first birthday party, etc.), they seem to be in slow motion? That’s because when something is a “first”, there are many exciting things to remember. Recalling these memories makes you feel like they took forever.
For many adults, life is routine. When they look back, they might feel like there are not many novel (新奇的) things to remember. 20.
A. Children might say that a year lasts forever.
B. Therefore, time seems to be moving faster to them.
C. Different people have different feelings toward time.
D. This makes them feel like a single day lasts for a long time.
E.As we grow older, we become less interested in new things.
F.According to scientists, our brains degrade and change over time.
G.In addition, people may also “feel” time differently due to psychological reasons.
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们对时间的理解。随着时间的推移，我们的大脑会退化和变化，在相同的时间内处理的图像会减少。
16. A
根据上文提示“一年有多长?”再根据下文提示“但是你的父母可能会说，一整年的时间‘一眨眼’就过去了。”承接上下文，A项Children might say that a year lasts forever.（孩子们可能会说，一年是永恒的。）切题。故选A。
17. F
根据下文提示“这种生理变化导致我们吸收和处理新信息的速度下降。”承接下文，F项 According to scientists, our brains degrade and change over time.（科学家称，随着时间的推移，我们的大脑会退化和变化。）切题。故选F。
18. D
根据上文提示“他们在一天内吸收了很多信息，做了很多事情。”再根据下文提示“然而，随着时间的推移，人们的大脑会退化，在相同的时间内处理的图像会减少。”承接上下文，D项This makes them feel like a single day lasts for a long time.（这让他们觉得一天持续的时间很长。）切题。故选D。
19. G
根据下文提示“人们可以用在某段时间内能够回忆起的难忘事件的数量来衡量时间。”承接下文，G项In addition, people may also “feel” time differently due to psychological reasons.（此外，由于心理原因，人们对时间的“感觉”也可能不同。）切题。故选G。
20.B
根据上文提示“当他们回顾过去的时候，他们可能会觉得没有很多新奇的事情值得去记住。”承接上文，B项Therefore, time seems to be moving faster to them.（因此，时间对它们来说似乎移动得更快。）切题。故选B。
10. 2020届广东省茂名市高三第二次综合测试
As the COVID-19 forces students to stay home, online learning has seen a sharp rise among students. Since late January, China has delayed starting the new school semester and encouraged students to study at home over safety concerns.
Besides what has been arranged by your schools as your study routine, what can you gain from online learning?16.
To successfully learn online, you need to dedicate a significant amount of your time, consistently attend the program, concentrate while studying and fully stick to your learning process, just as you would do for a regular course.
To stay on track with your online course, always keep in mind what you hope to complete by the end of it.17. Estimate how much time each task will take to complete. Keep detailed notes and review them often.
A study plan is important to online learning.18. Online learning needs to be well organized. Create a study calendar that will help you remember all the important dates like online exams or deadlines for your assignments.
When you feel yourself losing concentration, consider taking a short break or sopping for the night.19.
Taking online courses can be very convenient for many people.20. It requires time management skills, self-discipline, willpower and motivation.
A. Make a goal.
B. It can also offer you a good experience for self-learning.
C. Most importantly, you need to plan ahead with a good calendar system.
D. Online course companies also adopted special measures to meet students’ demands.
E.However, it may be challenging for some to successfully complete their online courses.
F.A to-do list is useful to carry out your study plan and to stay on track with your studying.
G.It is better to wait until you are able to start afresh rather than waste your time trying to focus.
这是一篇说明文。疫情期间，很多学生在家里上起了网课，本文介绍了一些方法，帮助学生上网课时更好地自学。
16. B
上一句是一个问句，提问说“除了学校安排的每天的网上课程，学生还能得到什么”，所以下一句必须是对这一句的回答。B选项“网上学习给学生一个很好的自我学习的经历”，这与上一句连贯。故选B项。
17.A
上一句所给的建议是，“如果想让网课按计划进行，就要记着上完课你想要完成什么任务。”这和A选项“Make a goal。”设定一个目标，就是同一个意思的不同表达方法，切合本段的主旨大意。故选A项。
18. C
本段的主旨大意是学习计划对于网上学习是很重要的。所以第3小题必须与学习计划相关。其次，下文中“ Create a study calendar that ”，“制作一个学习日历”可知，本段是从制作学习日历来制定学习计划，C选项切合题意。故选C项。
19.G
本段第一句，意思为“当发觉自己精力不集中时，可以让自己休息一会或者给自己一个小奖励”，所以该空应当围绕休息之后所带来的好处展开。G选项意思为，等到自己精力恢复重新开始要好于把时间浪费在努力让自己专注。故选G项。
20. E
上一句说的是“上网课对于许多学生来说很便利”而后一句却说的是“网上学习需要管理技能，自律精神，意志力和动力。”这两句意思上是相反的，所以该空在逻辑关系上要和上一句构成转折关系。故选E项。
11. 2020届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三综合训练
Sleep has become a big deal in working life. Thanks to high-profile figures including Arianna Huffington, sleeping is no longer seen as a sign of weakness among competitive colleagues.
16. A US study has found that in areas where the sun sets earlier, people sleep longer — and this translates into higher earnings. In the long term, just one extra hour of sleep a week increases wages by 4.9%. 17. But don’t move house — the higher wages correspond almost exactly with higher house prices. Actually, if you want to sleep more, there are better ways to do it than moving house — just buy better curtains.
18. Each extra hour of sleep should be taken away from working time. So how can sleeping earn you money? The answer is productivity. The biggest effects come through employees who work on commission. If you go to work well rested, you are livelier and happier, and can sell more to increase your earnings.
Even small amounts of sleep deprivation (缺乏) can have large effects. Another study found that sleeping six hours a night for two weeks produced the same results in cognitive tests as being totally sleep-deprived for up to two days straight. 19. If you struggle to get eight hours of sleep a night, a siesta（午休）can have a “reset” effect, and your productivity improves afterward.
Lack of sleep has already been shown to be worse for productivity than being overweight or underweight. So, why are you still reading this? 20.
A. You should go back to bed.
B. But a mid-afternoon nap can help.
C. Therefore, you should get enough sleep.
D. This goes against conventional economics.
E.Research shows that more sleep can lead to us earning more money.
F.So if you live in an area that gets darker earlier, you should be richer.
G.You are supposed to get down to business as quickly as possible.
本文是说明文。研究表明，更多的睡眠可以让我们薪水更高，是因为睡眠充足有利于工作效率。
16. E
该空位于段落首句，是该段的总起句。空后一句提到“A US study has found that in areas where the sun sets earlier, people sleep longer — and this translates into higher earnings. ”研究表明，人们的睡眠时间更长，这就意味着收入更高。选项E意思为：研究表明，更多的睡眠可以让我们赚更多的钱。空后一句是选项E的观点的支持句。故选E项。
17. F
空前一句提到“从长远来看，每周多睡一个小时，工资就会增加4.9%。”；选项F意思为：所以如果你住的地方天黑得早，你应该更富有。选项F顺承上一句的话题。故选F项。
18.D
此题线索是代词指代。选项D意思为：这与传统经济学相悖。选项D中This上一段提出观点：更多的睡眠可以让我们赚更多的钱。故选D项。
19. B
此题线索是词汇复现。选项B意思为：但是中午小睡一下会有帮助。空后一句中“a siesta（午休）can have a “reset” effect,and your productivity improves afterward.”，午睡会有一个“重置”效应，午睡之后你的工作效率会提高。与选项B语义相同，其中siesta和a mid-afternoon nap是同义词复现。故选B项。
20.A
该段首句提到：缺少睡眠不利于工作效率。选项A意思为：你应该回去睡觉了。选项A是顺承首句的话题。故选A项。
12. 2020届陕西省宝鸡市高考三模
Anxiety is tough to deal with at the best of time. It’s even tougher when we’re in the midst of apandemic （大流行病） that is causing chaos around the globe. Here are some simple steps that will help you take back control of the situation.
Stay away from the news. Constantly reading, watching, or checking the news only makes your anxiety grow stronger. 16. Before you know it, your work breaks turn into checking the latest news on coronavirus （冠状病毒） on your phone. Because it’s easier to nip （阻止） a bad habit in the bud, try to limit the amount of time you spend watching the news.
Distract （使分心） yourself. 17. We can’t panic about coronavirus and at the same time be absorbed by a work project. So next time a worrying thought creeps into your mind, try to distract yourself. lt can be with work, taking a shower, or even watching a silly YouTube video.
Choose what you focus on. It’s a difficult time, because we’re isolated and many of us feel lonely and helpless. Instead of thinking about social isolation and the difficulties, which can make us depressed, you are supposed to change the focus. Is there something you’ve always wanted to do but have never had the time?18. Could you sign up for a self-improvement webinar （在线研讨会） that allows you to gain life skills?
19. Even though we’re socially distancing ourselves from other people, this doesn’t mean that we should be socially isolating ourselves. Make use of technology and FaceTime or Skype with the people you care about.
Remember：thoughts are mental events that will pass. Consider practicing some mindfulness meditation. Focus on your breaths going in and out of your lungs while gently letting go of thoughts.20.
A. Stay connected.
B. Keep optimistic.
C. Your curiosity can turn into a habit.
D. It will help to do something you like.
E.Our minds can’t hold two thoughts at once.
F.Doing this can calm you and it can ground you.
G.That can be a project at home or a new language，for example.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了，在冠状病毒引起焦虑地日子里，如何处理这种焦虑，文章给出了几点建议。
16.C
由本段下文的“因为把坏习惯扼杀在萌芽状态比较容易，所以尽量限制看新闻的时间。”可知，承接下文，C选项“你的好奇心会变成一种习惯。”切题；该选项中的a habit对应下文中的a bad habit。故选C项。
17. E
由下一句“我们不能因为冠状病毒而惊慌失措，同时又被一个工作项目所吸引。”可知，承接下文，E选项“我们的头脑不能同时持有两种想法。”切题；该选项对应下一句的不能同时拥有“既惊慌失措又被一个工作项目所吸引”这两种想法。故选E项。
18. G
由上一句“有没有什么你一直想做却没有时间的事？”可知，承接上文，G选项“例如，它可以是一个家庭项目，也可以是一种新语言。”切题；该选项中的a project 和a new language就是对上一句中的“你想做但没时间做的事”的举例。故选G项。
19.A
由下一句“尽管我们在社交上与他人保持距离，但这并不意味着我们应该在社交上孤立自己。”可知，承接下文，A选项“保持联系。”切题；该选项中的Stay connected对应下一句中的“doesn’t mean that we should be socially isolating ourselves”。故选A项。
20.F
由上一句“专注于你肺的呼吸进出，同时轻轻地放下思想。”可知，承接上文，F选项“这样做可以让你平静下来，也可以让你停下。”切题；按上一句“注意呼吸且轻轻地放下思想”这种做法可以让人冷静下来。故选F项。
13. 2020届福建省漳州市高中毕业班第三次教学质量检测
With COVID-19 floating around, you know getting your hands clean is your best defense from viruses and bacteria. You use either soap or sanitizer（消毒剂）.But something that’s not as clear is which works better.
16. Wash your hands with soap whenever possible, and if you can’t get to a sink, sanitizer is good, too, according to Preeti Malanti, a medical professor focused on infectious disease at the University of Michigan.
The way sanitizer works is primarily through the power of alcohol. Alcohol can “murder” many types of bacteria and viruses by destroying their outermost layer, making them unable to take over a host. This isn’t effective with viruses with a hard outer shell, like norovirus. 17. Soap works a little differently. Instead of killing viruses and bacteria, its purpose is to lift away dirt, oil, and other dangerous agents that get on your hands.18. It only disinfects（消毒）bacteria and viruses and can leave insect killers or spores（孢子）on your hands.
Washing away the coronavirus might not sound as violent as stopping it dead in its tracks, but it’s proven to be more effective.19.
It is possible to over wash your hands or use too much sanitizer? Not really, says Sanjay Maggiwar from Washington University--through constantly scrabbing your hands with soap will probably dry them out.
Just be sure to keep washing your hands as regularly as you can.20. They might be at risk of being sneezed on. It might be smart to wipe down your cell phone, too, if you happen to use that a lot on the run.
A. Sanitizer doesn't remove anything.
B. So, what do the experts recommend?
C. Use what you can to stay clean and healthy.
D. How can you make soap work more effectively?
E.There isn't anything that is really better than effective hand washing
F.Still, it'll keep you protected from a lot of the invisible bacteria and viruses.
G.Also remember to disinfect shared surfaces at your home or office when possible.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然有了免洗消毒液，但是我们还是要勤洗手的原因。
16.B
根据上文“But something that’s not as clear is which works better.(但不太清楚的是哪种效果更好。)”和下文专家下文专家Preeti Malanti, a medical professor的建议可知，此处为承上启下句。所以选择项B. So, what do the experts recommend?(那么，专家们有什么建议呢?)符合题意。故选B。
17.F
根据前句“This isn’t effective with viruses with a hard outer shell, like norovirus. (对于像诺如病毒这样外壳坚硬的病毒来说，这是无效的。)”可知，这里为转折关系，所以选择项F. Still, it'll keep you protected from a lot of the invisible bacteria and viruses. (尽管如此，它还是能保护你不受许多看不见的细菌和病毒的伤害。) 符合题意。故选F。
18.A
根据后句“It only disinfects（消毒）bacteria and viruses and can leave insect killers or spores（孢子）on your hands.（它只会消毒细菌和病毒，还会在你手上留下杀虫剂或孢子。)”可知，消毒剂不能清除任何东西。故选A。
19. E
根据前句“Washing away the coronavirus might not sound as violent as stopping it dead in its tracks, but it’s proven to be more effective. (冲洗掉冠状病毒听起来可能不像彻底消灭它那么猛烈，但事实证明它更有效。)”可知，没有什么比有效的洗手更有效了。故选E。
20. C
根据前句“Just be sure to keep washing your hands as regularly as you can. (一定要尽可能经常洗手。)”可知，C项“尽你所能保持清洁和健康”符合语境。故选C。
14. 2020届重庆市渝中区、九龙坡区等主城区高三学业质量调研抽测
How to Level up Your Self-Control
By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.16. --we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.
17. ?
Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle. For example, exhibiting self-control over spending time on video games and social media, two of the most common temptations（诱惑）of the current era, means battling against age-old mechanisms in your brain.
If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on.
18. To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance.
The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.19. .
Finally, Duckworth advises laying a foundation of self-control that you can build of in the future.20. because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning. By practicing healthier living away from the workplace, you can gather the strength and stamina（毅力）to help you control your worst urges when it matters most.
A. One place to start would be the office
B. What problems do you need to work on
C. We've all experienced unproductive workdays
D. But for many of us, short-term satisfactions are irresistible
E.Why is exercising proper self-control so tricky for some, and how to do better
F.If you can resist resigning you may achieve more on your overall self-control
G.Removing the temptation from sight is key to ensuring you're faithful to your mission
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们的自制力无法抵抗短期的诱惑而牺牲我们长期的目标，以及这个问题产生的原因和如何提高我们的自制力。
16. D
空格前一句“By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.”表达的是按照定义，自制力是那种做一些对你自己长期目标有利的事情的能力，而不是做一些可能满足你当下要求的事情。空格后一句“we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.”表达的是我们实在太容易以牺牲我们未来自己的幸福而结束。由此可见，空格前后表达的是两种对立相反的观点，空格处需表达的是做一些短期当下要求的事情，与前一句形成对立。选项D表达的是“但是对于大多数的我们，短期的满足感是无法抵抗的”，符合语境。故选D。
17.E
空格下一段首句“Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle.”表达的是安吉拉·达克沃斯，一名宾夕法尼亚大学心理学教授，说在你现在的自己和未来的自己直接进行资源分配是一个持续存在的难题。第四段“If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on. ”表达的是如果你乐意进一步的探究你的倾向和弱点，你可能会承认一把你需要去解决的问题。由空格后的这两句内容可知，空格后这两段内容都是对空格提出的问题的解答。选项E“为什么训练合适的自制力对某些人来说是非常棘手的，并且如何能做的更好”，和空格下一段首句表达的“持续存在的难题”以及第四段“解决问题”相呼应。故选E。
18.A
空格后一句提到“To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance. ”可知，为了提高在工作上的自制力，达克沃斯首先建议你的一天应该采用一种以未来为导向的方法，例如提前计划好休息时间和查邮件时间。空格后一句是具体表达在工作环境如何提高自制力。选项A“先开始的某个地方可能是办公室”，和空格后一句描述的工作环境相呼应。故选A。
19.G
空格前一句“The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.”可知，太频繁地观看你的手机这个问题可以通过禁音或者更好的是，把它放在你包里直到午餐时间。选项G“去除来自视觉的诱惑是确保你忠诚于你的使命的关键”中的“视觉诱惑”和空格前一句“太频繁观看你的手机”相呼应。故选G。
20.C
空格后一句“because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning.”表示的是因为前天晚上睡眠不足，或者早餐的不足。由此可知，是对空格原因的说明。选项C“我们大家都经历过徒劳无效的工作日”中的徒劳无效的原因是睡眠不足，或者早餐不足导致，符合语境。故选C。
15. 2020届辽宁省辽阳市高三二模
Some students find themselves constantly in trouble with attention at school.16. If you have trouble paying attention, sitting still, and are getting constantly called out by your teacher, you can still learn to follow the rules and channel your energy into becoming a better student.
17. If you have trouble paying attention and staying on task, changing your attitude can help a lot. Try to use your imagination to make the task cooler and more fun. It might sound stupid, but pretending your schoolwork is fun can actually make it fun.
Take notes. One great way to keep yourself focused on the class topics and the lesson is to take notes. Even if you'll be provided with a review, or you don't eventually need the information for the test, if you struggle to pay attention, focus on writing down the important things the teacher says.18.
Be prepared for class. You can't stay focused if you don't have all the necessary supplies ready, and you're in your seat on time. There's nothing worse for your classroom reputation than forgetting your math textbook, or having to ask for a pencil or a piece of paper that you forget to bring.
Get involved in the class discussions.19. Just raise your hand if you know the answer, and talk during discussions in class if they're going on.
20. Just like changing your attitude about enjoying your classes, making an active choice can be an important first step in actually getting better grades.
A. Motivate yourself to improve your grades.
B. Use your imagination and decide to like the topics.
C. Taking notes can also help you improve your writing skills.
D. If you're not active in class, make a change and try to answer questions.
E.There are so many factors to make you unfocused, and you aren't alone!
F.This will help you stay focused and you'll have something to refer to later.
G.Seeing the results of your hard work, you might become more confident at work.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生在学校里总是注意力不集中应该怎么做。
16. E
上文Some students find themselves constantly in trouble with attention at school.(一些学生发现他们自己在学校总是注意力不集中)与E. There are so many factors to make you unfocused, and you aren't alone!(有太多的因素导致你注意无法集中，并且你不是唯一的)承接自然，attention和unfocused是反义词复现，故选E项。
17. B
下文If you have trouble paying attention and staying on task, changing your attitude can help a lot. Try to use your imagination to make the task cooler and more fun. (如果你在注意力和任务上有困难，改变你的态度会有很大帮助。试着用你的想象力让任务变得更酷，更有趣)与B. Use your imagination and decide to like the topics.(发挥你的想象力，决定你喜欢的话题)承接自然，imagination是关键词，故选B项。
18. F
上文Even if you'll be provided with a review, or you don't eventually need the information for the test, if you struggle to pay attention, focus on writing down the important things the teacher says.(即使你会被提供一个复习，或者你最终不需要这些测试的信息，专心记下老师说的重要内容)与F. This will help you stay focused and you'll have something to refer to later.(这将有助于帮你保持专注，稍后你会有所参考)承接自然，选项中的this指的是“记下老师所讲的重要内容”的方法，故选F项。
19.D
下文Just raise your hand if you know the answer, and talk during discussions in class if they're going on.(如果你知道答案就举手，如果他们在课堂上讨论的话就讲话)与D. If you're not active in class, make a change and try to answer questions.(如果你在课堂上不积极，就试着改变，尽量回答问题)承接自然，下文是做出改变的具体说明，故选D项。
20.A
根据下文Just like changing your attitude about enjoying your classes, making an active choice can be an important first step in actually getting better grades.(就像改变你喜欢上课的态度一样，主动选择可能是获得更好成绩的重要的一步)可知，本段主要讲述要做出积极的改变来提高成绩，A. Motivate yourself to improve your grades.(激励自己提高成绩)可以作为本段中心句，故选A项。
16. 2020届浙江省杭州市高三下学期教学质量检测
Humans were made for walking. With our upright posture and strong leg muscles, our bodies were actually designed with walking in mind which makes it such perfect exercise. It’s kind to our bodies and great for our waistlines. 11.
Maybe you already love to walk, but you’re getting tired of tracing the same old route day after day, or maybe you’re new to walking and aren’t sure how to get started. 12. Ask yourself, what do you want to get out of walking aside from the health benefits? Do you want to meet other people? See new places? Get out into the countryside or explore a new city? Knowing your goals will help you decide on the type of walk you want to do.
If making friends and socializing is your goal, call up your friends and schedule walks with them.13. Many malls have groups that come every day, or every weekend, to “walk the mall.” These groups are always happy to include one more walker!
14. Many large cities have incredible gardens and parks that include quiet walking trails getting you off the beaten path. Thanks to the Rails to Trails program, railways across the country are being transformed into scenic walking paths that are a perfect way to seek calmness.
From the benefits to your heart to your overall happiness, walking is just plain good for you.15. It’s a fantastic way to get to know a place by the power of your own two feet.
A. Headed to a new city?
B. This month, pick up a map and start walking.
C. Ask your friends where they like to walk and just go there.
D. Either way, it's time to accept the idea of walking with a purpose.
E.And best of all, it’s a great way to see new things and meet new people!
F.Recently, science has proved that walking is good for your body shape.
G.If you're after walking alone, ask about local hikes that get you out of town and into the countryside.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了散步对人的一些好处，以及如何选择散步路线的建议。从对你的心脏的好处到你整体的快乐，步行对你来说是非常好的。文章最后倡导人们开始步行起来。
11. E
根据上文Humans were made for walking. With our upright posture and strong leg muscles, our bodies were actually designed with walking in mind which makes it such perfect exercise. It’s kind to our bodies and great for our waistlines.可知，人是为行走而生的。由于我们直立的姿势和强壮的腿部肌肉，我们的身体实际上是为步行而设计的，这使得步行成为一种完美的锻炼。它对我们的身体有好处，对我们的腰围也有好处。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明步行的好处。故E选项“最重要的是，这是一个认识新事物和认识新朋友的好方法!”符合上下文语境，故选E。
12. D
结合后文Ask yourself, what do you want to get out of walking aside from the health benefits? Do you want to meet other people? See new places? Get out into the countryside or explore a new city? Knowing your goals will help you decide on the type of walk you want to do.可知，问问你自己，除了健康益处，你还想从散步中得到什么？你想认识其他人吗？看到新地方吗？走出家门去乡下还是去探索一个新的城市？了解你的目标将帮助你决定你想要走的类型。由此可知，本句是在说明要带着目标步行，后文一系列设问句是在解释如何寻找目标。故选D项“不管怎样，现在是时候接受带着目标走路的想法了”符合上下文语境，故选D。
13.C
根据上文If making friends and socializing is your goal, call up your friends and schedule walks with them.可知，如果交朋友和社交是你的目标，打电话给你的朋友，安排和他们一起散步。由此可知，如果想要和朋友一起散步社交，那么需要了解他们喜欢去哪里散步。故C选项“问问你的朋友他们喜欢去哪里散步，然后就去那里”符合上下文语境，故选C。
14. G
根据后文Many large cities have incredible gardens and parks that include quiet walking trails getting you off the beaten path.可知，许多大城市都有令人难以置信的花园和公园，里面有安静的步行道，让你远离人迹罕至的小路。由此可知，本段是在说明如果想一个人散步，可以选择的散步地点是离开城镇后安静的步行道。故G选项“如果你想一个人散步，可以问问当地的徒步旅行，这样你就可以离开城镇，去乡下了”符合上下文语境，故选G。
15.B
根据上文From the benefits to your heart to your overall happiness, walking is just plain good for you.可知，从对你的心脏的好处到你整体的快乐，步行对你来说是非常好的。结合本段为文章最后一段，有总结上文的作用，上文提到了散步的好处和选择，那么此处应当是倡导人们开始步行。故B选项“这个月，拿起一张地图，开始步行”符合上下文语境，故选B。

【总结】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要
关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂信号词＂，回到选择项中筛选。复现
经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意
经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构
经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的,看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。
这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们学会了吗? 最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩!