高中英语高考考向44 概要写作之四步提炼主旨要义(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向44 概要写作之四步提炼主旨要义(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共15页。
[提醒] 一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
·明确全文的篇章结构后， 就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。
·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。
·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。
第三步：归纳要点 合理转换表达
明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。 为避免和原文的句子重复， 可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。
转换表达注意遵循2个原则
①不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。
②不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。
第四步：句式多样 注意过渡衔接
在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。
【策略演示】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2018年11月，浙江卷)It's a really eq \a\vs4\al(gd idea) t eq \a\vs4\al(visit clleges) befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus (校园) like visiting_and_seeing_fr_yurself_the_drms,_classrms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_f_curse,_the_students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if eq \a\vs4\al(the schls yu are applying t) eq \a\vs4\al(happen t be mre than a car ride away). But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There's eq \a\vs4\al(n excuse) nt t eq \a\vs4\al(visit) the eq \a\vs4\al(schls) in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn't be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, eq \a\vs4\al(g t check it ut)！
If campus visits aren't ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld eq \a\vs4\al(find sme time) between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t eq \a\vs4\al(visit) the eq \a\vs4\al(schls) yu'd like t attend. It_can_save_yu_a_lt_f_heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn't like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn't knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then eq \a\vs4\al(check ut) the eq \a\vs4\al(nline cllege fairs) at CllegeWeekLive. It's a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn't cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can't take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu'd like t attend.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
第1步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构
原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。
第1段：提出观点——在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。
第2段：一定要去看看当地的大学。
第3段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。
第4段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。
分析各段主旨可判断，文章第1～2段是一个意义段，3～4段分别是2个意义段，故原文3个意义段可归纳为3个要点。
第2步 去次留精，提炼关键信息
本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现， 其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他则为次要信息。
第3步 归纳要点，合理转换表达
采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：
①第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点1：该要点中的“gd idea”可用wise chice转述；“in yur lcal area”可转换为 where yu live。
②第三段主题句可概括为要点2: 该要点中的“visiting and seeing fr yurself”可转换为pay a persnal visit。
③第四段主题句可概括为要点3：该要点中的“time and mney are making it impssible”可转换为all the abve is nt affrdable。
第4步 句式多样，注意过渡衔接
句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要部分的句式。
【参考范文】
As a senir year student, it's a wise chice t visit wuld­be clleges near where yu live befre attending them fr seeing is believing. (要点1) Yu shuld find a chance t pay a persnal visit even at yur waiting in case yu feel disappinted afterwards. (要点2)If all the abve is nt affrdable, yu are advised t search the nline cllege fair at CllegeWeekLive where yu can get the necessary infrmatin. (要点3)
【检测训练】
1. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Chsing the right cllege can be a difficult task. There are thusands f clleges and universities fr yu t chse frm and many are wrthy f being cnsidered. Fr each ptential cllege, find ut the success rate f students' getting their jbs, especially thse related t yur majrs. Here are sme strategies（策略）fr yu t make the right chice.
Clleges which ffer practice in sme f the fields are wrthy f yur attentin. It can prvide yu with a large amunt f infrmatin n jb hunting. Cmpanies ften prefer emplyees that perfrm well. Practice gives yu the valuable experience and necessary pprtunities. Sme practical skills that yu learn will really prepare yurself fr the certain jbs. Besides, chsing a cllege that has teacher members with gd reputatins in their fields can als be very useful since these teacher members can prvide yu with steps int the wrking wrld by practice.
Schl rankings and a natinal reputatin f academic success are ften the imprtant factrs（因素）fr yur ptential emplyers. This type f infrmatin can be fund easily n the Internet and in magazines. T the emplyers, graduates frm high ranking clleges are ften cnsidered mre reliable. They have a strnger ability t learn and are mre likely t create wealth fr the cmpany. Smetimes it can even be a mre imprtant factr in lking fr a jb than the actual quality f educatin the cllege prvides.
After narrwing dwn yur chices t a few clleges, it's time t visit them. Taking a lk at the campus（校园）can change yur attitude t a particular schl. Plan yur tur and then d sme research n yur wn. It is als imprtant t talk t as many students as yu can and find ut if earning a degree frm the schl is helpful in getting a jb. Meanwhile, yu can speak t the students in the majrs yu're cnsidering t knw what the curses are like, what yu'll learn, and what yur expected utcme will be.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Challenging as it is t chse an ideal cllege, there’re sme tips that may help. (要点1) First, clleges that prvide practice and have distinguished teachers in certain fields are wrth cnsidering. (要点2) Secnd, it’s advisable t search fr academic rankings and reputatin, which yur future emplyers may care abut. (要点3) After yu have candidates, visit them and enquire mre f related students. (要点4)
【写作分析】这是一篇议论文，文章就如何选择一个好的大学给出几点建议。
【写作步骤】
第一步：概括每个段落的大意
第一段主要说明了选择一个理想的大学是一个挑战，会影响到未来的工作，所以作者给出几点选择大学的建议。可以用Challenging as it is t chse an ideal cllege, there’re sme tips that may help.表示。
第二段给出第一个建议，第一句就给出了主旨句子Clleges which ffer practice in sme f the fields are wrthy f yur attentin提供实践经验的大学值得考虑，后文又说到chsing a cllege that has teacher members with gd reputatins in their fields can als be very useful，选择一个有好的老师，老师的名声不错的学校也是有用的。即clleges that prvide practice and have distinguished teachers in certain fields are wrth cnsidering.。
第三段给出第二个建议：Schl rankings and a natinal reputatin f academic success are ften the imprtant factrs（因素）fr yur ptential emplyers. 学校的等级和学术成功通常也是潜在雇主考虑的重要因素。即Secnd, it’s advisable t search fr academic rankings and reputatin, which yur future emplyers may care abut.
第四段给出第三个建议：After narrwing dwn yur chices t a few clleges, it's time t visit them. 在缩小大学的选择时，是时候去参观大学了，后文接着说It is als imprtant t talk t as many students as yu can and find ut if earning a degree frm the schl is helpful in getting a jb. 和尽可能多的学生交流，弄清楚在学校获得学位是否有助于找工作，这也是很重要的。
即After yu have candidates, visit them and enquire mre f related students.
第二步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin As well as, nt nly…but (als), including,
3.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh+clause(从句), In spite f+n/ding,On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰
2. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
High schl exit tests are tests that students must pass t graduate frm high schl. In the last few years, hwever, a number f states in America have drpped them. Althugh sme states still use them fr diplmas, the number is dwn frm a high f 27 states during the testing craze prmted by N Child Left Behind (NCLB).
The appearance f this phenmenn is small wnder. Researches clearly shw that exit tests have little psitive effects n students. A 2014 reprt fund exit testing was assciated with lwer graduatin rates, negatively affected labr market utcmes, and, mst alarmingly, prduced a 12.5 percent increase in incarceratin(监禁) rates. Exit exams, the study cncluded, had tended t add little value fr mst students.
Exit testing relies n the fllwing assumptins. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind f “quality cntrl” fr high schl graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are cllege ready. The ther is that they have predicting value fr future success in academic situatins.
But there is little evidence. The tests dn’t exactly measure what they pretend t measure. Fr example, qualities such as intelligence, academic ability, cllege readiness are nt determined. Thse that shuld be develped in all yung peple, like respnsibility, critical thinking, and empathy(移植), are nt measured, either. Even supprters f exit tests have acknwledged that they dn’t ffer reliable data.
Thus, mre and mre peple are suggesting that exit test scres ught t be just ne cmpnent f the high schl diplma. Schls shuld cnsider many ther recrds including credits earned, curses taken, activities, service, prjects and ther elements f academic accmplishment s that students can be evaluated flexibly. In ther wrds, exit test scres shuld never be the nly criterin fr high schl diplmas.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
High schl exit tests have been cancelled in sme states in America in recent years(要点1). This is nt surprising because studies shw they d little gd t students(要点2). Instead f ensuring cllege readiness and academic success, they actually dn’t measure what shuld be measured(要点3). Therefre, exit test scres shuld nly be ne part f the standards f high schl diplmas(要点4).
【写作分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总。文章介绍了在美国，越来越多的州放弃高中学业测试。文章分析了导致这种现象出现的原因以及解决办法。符合概要写作常规出题思路。
【写作步骤】
第一段提出一个现象：在美国，越多的州放弃高中结业测试。可以用到的词汇或句型有：High schl exit tests，cancelled。第二、三、和第四段分析了产生这种现象的原因：高中结业测试对学生没有起到什么积极的作用。它的测试结果没有什么意义。可以用到的词汇或句型有：d little gd t，what shuld be measured。第五段提出结论：学校应该考虑用其他记录来评判学生，结业测试不能成为唯一的标准。可以用到的词汇或句型有：nly be ne part f，high schl diplma。
【写作亮点】
【高分句型1】Fewer states use the high schl exit tests fr diplmas. 采用高中毕业考试用于文凭考试的州少了。Fewer比较级。
【高分句型2】The students shuld be judged nt nly by grades but by their activity and persnality as well. 对学生的评判不仅要看成绩，还要看他们的活动和个性。nt nly…but…不仅……而且……，be judged by根据……判断。
3. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We already knw that the underwater wrld is anything but silent. It is full f natural sunds prduced by animals and by the mtin f the atmsphere and water. But tday’s researchers are increasingly cncerned abut the man-made nises under the water. They are cnfusing whales and ther marine animals
Althugh hearing is imprtant t all animals, the special qualities f the undersea wrld emphasize the use f sund. Underwater sund allws marine animals t gather infrmatin and cmmunicate at great distances and frm all directins. Lud underwater nises can cause damage t their hearing. And nwadays it's becming t much fr marine wildlife. Evidence shws that whales will swim hundreds f miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves t get away frm the sunds f snar.
Yu might think lwer nises, typically caused by shipping r cnstructin, d nt pse a threat t marine animals. In fact, while they may nt kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability t lcate fd, find mates and avid predatrs (掠食动物)).Scientists lked at the effects f nise frm small mtrbats n cral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained t recgnize the smell f three cmmn predatrs as a threat. Sme fish were trained in the presence f bat nise, while the thers had training with the natural sunds f the cean. It turned ut that the first grup shwed n fright reactins when expsed t the predatr. Hwever, the ther grup was scared. And under the influence f underwater nise n this grup, nly 20 percent f fish survived, cmpared t almst 70 percent f unexpsed fish.
Humans rely n the cean fr its natural resurces and bidiversity. The cean als plays an imprtant rle in regulating( 调节)temperatures, As Custeau said, "Fr mst f histry, man has had t fight nature t survive; in this century he is beginning t realize that, in rder t survive, he must prtect it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Althugh underwater wrld is nt silent, man-made sund is ding great harm t marine animal. (要点1) Imprtant as underwater sund is t animals there, lud nises in the sea threatens their nrmal life. (要点2) Accrding t scientists’ research, the survival rate f fish drps sharply under the influence f nise, whether lud r nt. (要点3) Thus, with the benefits f cean t the envirnment and temperature, peple must prtect it rather than fight it.(要点4)
【写作步骤】
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了虽然水下世界不是无声的，但人为的声音对海洋动物造成了极大的危害。尽管水下声音对那里的动物很重要，但海洋中的巨大噪音威胁着它们的正常生活。根据科学家的研究，在噪音的影响下，鱼的存活率急剧下降，不管噪音是大还是小。因此，随着海洋对环境和温度的好处，人们必须保护它而不是对抗它。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。本文中要点有三：第一，介绍福建木偶戏；第二，木偶戏目前面临的问题；第三，对此人们采取的措施。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
4. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are sme imprtant regulatins parents can take t make sure their kids use cell phnes in a safe and respnsible way. When kids knw what the cnsequences are when rules aren’t fllwed, that makes life mre predictable fr them.
Mst kids are nt paying fr their cell phnes r their cell phne plans, s if yu pay fr it, yu wn it, which means yu have the right t take it away anytime if they disbey the rules yu set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell phne, suddenly parents discver data runs ut half way thrugh the mnth. This can get expensive and yur kids need t knw hw t mnitr their use. Als, teen cell phne addictin shuld be limited. Generally, it’s a gd idea t have n cell phne plicy while they are ding hmewrk and at bedtime. Cme t agreement in advance abut what they are and aren’t allwed t dwnlad n their cell phne. There are sme really bad apps fr kids that yu dn’t want n their phnes.
Make sure yur kids understand hw t set up their privacy. Talk with them abut why guarding their privacy is s imprtant. Many teens truly have n cncept abut everything that a cell phne can share abut them including persnal infrmatin and their lcatin.
Yu want t cver what is and isn’t apprpriate t share via a cell phne. This definitely means phts and language used in emails and n scial media. But dn’t frget simpler things like prviding their address, their age r what schl they g t nline.
Lastly, there are times and places when using ne’s cell phne is nt apprpriate. In mvie theaters r during class time at schl the phne shuld be n silent and put away. Additinally, when smene is having a face t face cnversatin with them, they need t be lking at the persn, nt their phne.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Parents can make rules t guide their kids t use cell phnes safely and respnsibly. (要点1) First, parents have the right t determine hw t use cellphnes because they wn them. (要点2) Besides, parents shuld teach kids t use cell phnes wisely. (要点3) Lastly, it is imprtant t make sure they knw hw t prtect their privacy. Meanwhile, when and where t use cell phnes shuld als be tld. (要点4)
【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。
【写作步骤】
1 要点摘录
①There are sme imprtant regulatins parents can take t make sure their kids use cell phnes in a safe and respnsible way.
② s if yu pay fr it, yu wn it, which means yu have the right t take it away anytime if they disbey the rules yu set up earlier.
③ This can get expensive and yur kids need t knw hw t mnitr their use. Generally, it’s a gd idea t have n cell phne plicy while they are ding hmewrk and at bedtime. Cme t agreement in advance abut what they are and aren’t allwed t dwnlad n their cell phne.
④ Make sure yur kids understand hw t set up their privacy.
⑤Yu want t cver what is and isn’t apprpriate t share via a cell phne.
⑥ Lastly, there are times and places when using ne’s cell phne is nt apprpriate.
2.缜密构思
将第3点进行整理概括，将第4、5两个要点进行重组
3.遣词造句
①Parents can make rules t guide their kids t use cell phnes safely and respnsibly.
②Parents have the right t determine hw t use cellphnes because they wn them.
③Parents shuld teach kids t use cell phnes wisely.
④It is imprtant t make sure they knw hw t prtect their privacy.
⑤When and where t use cell phnes shuld als be tld.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1] It is imprtant t make sure they knw hw t prtect their privacy.（使用了it作形式主语，概括第四段的内容，表达非常高级。）
[高分句型2] When and where t use cell phnes shuld als be tld.（疑问词+不定式做主语，概括了最后一段的内容，用法比较高级）
5. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Until 2017, the Emperr penguin was listed as Least Cncern by the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature, but as f 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted t suffer a mderately rapid ppulatin decline ver the next three generatins wing t the effects f climate change. The number ne threat t their survival is glbal warming. Here’s hw it has affected Emperr penguins and what we shuld d.
A decrease in the amunt f sea ice frmatin, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future f the Emperr penguin. Many Emperr penguins breed n ice shelves that nly frm during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years when the ice shelves have melted back faster r sner than usual. Many f the chicks haven’t cmpletely fledged (长出飞羽) int their waterprf feathers by the time the ice melts back t their habitats, and they are frced int the cld cean waters, where they die f cld expsure r drwning.
One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is fd fr the penguins. One f their fd surces is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery fr the krill. The newly-brn krill feed n the algae (水藻) that grw n the underside f the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae fr the krill t feed n, and cnsequently less krill is prduced.
Measures shuld be taken t prtect these animals. Peple can dnate t rganizatins that are wrking t prtect Emperr penguins and ther penguin species, and ur ceans in general. Reducing yur impact n the envirnment, in particular, is smething yu can d—yu can make these tiny changes t lwer yur carbn ftprint every day. Yu can als be mindful abut reducing seafd cnsumptin and eating sustainably caught seafd, as verfishing is the secnd greatest threat t nearly every penguin species tday. Als, avid using supplements and ther prducts that cntain krill r krill il.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Since 2018, Emperr penguins have been listed as Near-Threatened because their ppulatin tends t decline due t the effects f glbal warming. (要点1) Glbal warming decreases the amunt f the ice frmatin in their habitats. As a result, the chicks are frced int the cld cean befre they grw strng enugh (要点2), and their fd surce is als influenced (要点3). S peple shuld take actin t prtect them (要点4).
【写作分析】本文是说明文，主要讲述由于全球变暖导致皇帝企鹅面临生存危机，人们应该采取措施保护他们，保护大自然。
【写作步骤】
1.要点摘录
①Until 2017, the Emperr penguin was listed as Least Cncern by the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature, but as f 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted t suffer a mderately rapid ppulatin decline ver the next three generatins wing t the effects f climate change.
②A decrease in the amunt f sea ice frmatin, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future f the Emperr penguin. Many f the chicks haven’t cmpletely fledged (长出飞羽) int their waterprf feathers by the time the ice melts back t their habitats, and they are frced int the cld cean waters, where they die f cld expsure r drwning.
③One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is fd fr the penguins.
④Measures shuld be taken t prtect these animals.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点自2018年以来，皇帝企鹅被列为近危物种，原因是全球气候变暖进行压缩，将第2、3两个要点全球气候变暖，其对皇帝企鹅的影响体现在两方面进行整合，应在这两点之间增加表并列的关联词and, 合并这两个要点。要点4和前面的内容有因果关系，故用s或者therefre连接，使得上下文连贯、紧凑。
3.遣词造句
Since 2018, Emperr penguins have been listed as Near-Threatened because their ppulatin tends t decline due t the effects f glbal warming.
Glbal warming decreases the amunt f the ice frmatin in their habitats.
As a result, the chicks are frced int the cld cean befre they grw strng enugh and their fd surce is als influenced.
S peple shuld take actin t prtect them.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1] Since 2018, Emperr penguins have been listed as Near-Threatened because their ppulatin tends t decline due t the effects f glbal warming.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中because引导的原因状语从句、due t短语的使用表达高级。
[高分句型2]：As a result, the chicks are frced int the cld cean befre they grw strng enugh and their fd surce is als influenced. 用befre引导时间状语从句对第二段进行了概括，还用了as a result短语表达非常高级。
[高分句型3]：S peple shuld take actin t prtect them. 用s引导句子对上文进行衔接同时概括了第四段内容。同时还用了比较高级短语take actin t d sth.（采取措施做某事）。
6. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Australia’s greatest engineering accmplishment t date is the Snwy Muntains Hydr-Electric Scheme. It tk 25 years t build and was cmpleted in 1974 at a cst f $820 millin. The aims f the scheme were t prduce lts f electricity, and t supply water t husehlds and fr farming irrigatin. The scheme wrks by cllecting rain and melting snw frm the Snwy Muntains and string it in dams. This is then diverted (转移) thrugh tunnels (隧道) and pipelines t pwer statins that prduce electricity. The water used t prduce the electricity then flws int the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers.
The Snwy Muntains Hydr-Electric Scheme is made up f sixteen large dams; seven majr pwer statins; a pumping statin; and 225 kilmetres f tunnels and pipelines. It cvers ver 5,000 square kilmetres f suthern New Suth Wales (NSW). Seven reginal twnships and mre than 100 temprary camps were established fr the peple wh wrked n the scheme.
When the scheme began in 1949, Australia did nt yet have a wrkfrce with the required scientific and engineering skills needed t cmplete the prject. Many migrants with experience in skills like surveying, tunnelling and gelgy were emplyed frm verseas. Hmeless persns frm Eurpe als wrked n the scheme n tw-year cntracts as part f their required wrk assignments. The largest grup f wrkers were unassisted migrants wh were drawn t the prject by the high wages.
Mre than 100,000 peple wrked n the prject in ttal. Seventy percent f thse were migrants. Wrkers came frm mre than 30 cuntries, including Germany, Italy, Austria and Pland. Mst migrants were frm Eurpe because the White Australia Plicy discuraged the immigratin f peple f nn-white r nn-Eurpean rigin. Tunnelling in the Snwy Muntains was dangerus and dirty wrk. Even thugh the wrkers came frm very different ethnic (种族的) backgrunds that may have fught against each ther in Wrld War I and Wrld War II, living and wrking in these difficult cnditins brught them tgether. This was cnsidered the beginning f Australia’s multiculturalism.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The Snwy Muntains Hydr-Electric Scheme has been the greatest engineering prject in Australia s far. (要点1) It cnsists f dams, pwer statins, tunnels and pipelines. (要点2) Due t lack f wrkfrce, Australia had t seek skilled labrers frm verseas t wrk n it. (要点3) Thse wrkers largely frm Eurpean backgrunds stuck tgether t accmplish this significant prject despite the fact that they were enemies during Wrld War I and Wrld War II. (要点4)
【写作分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍澳大利亚最大型水利工程项目——雪山调水工程。
文章介绍说，雪山水利发电计划是迄今为止澳大利亚最大的工程项目。它由大坝、发电站、隧道和管道组成。由于缺乏劳动力，澳大利亚不得不从海外寻找技术工人来从事这项工作。这些工人大多来自欧洲背景，尽管他们在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间是敌人，他们还是团结一致完成了这个重要的项目。本文的篇章结构为“总——分”。第一段总体介绍雪山调水工程；第二段介绍雪山调水工程的主要结构；第三段介绍雪山调水工程工人招募情况；第四段介绍不同种族人群齐心协力完成这一艰巨的水利工程项目。
【写作步骤】
1 要点摘录
①Australia’s greatest engineering accmplishment t date is the Snwy Muntains Hydr-Electric Scheme.
②The Snwy Muntains Hydr-Electric Scheme is made up f sixteen large dams; seven majr pwer statins; a pumping statin; and 225 kilmetres f tunnels and pipelines.
③When the scheme began in 1949, Australia did nt yet have a wrkfrce with the required scientific and engineering skills needed t cmplete the prject.
④Many migrants with experience in skills like surveying, tunnelling and gelgy were emplyed frm verseas.
⑤ Hmeless persns frm Eurpe als wrked n the scheme n tw-year cntracts as part f their required wrk assignments.
⑥Mst migrants were frm Eurpe because the White Australia Plicy discuraged the immigratin f peple f nn-white r nn-Eurpean rigin.
⑦Even thugh the wrkers came frm very different ethnic (种族的) backgrunds that may have fught against each ther in Wrld War I and Wrld War II, living and wrking in these difficult cnditins brught them tgether.
2.缜密构思
将第③④⑤三个要点进行重组，将第⑥⑦两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It cnsists f dams, pwer statins, tunnels and pipelines. Due t lack f wrkfrce, Australia had t seek skilled labrers frm verseas t wrk n it. Thse wrkers largely frm Eurpean backgrunds stuck tgether t accmplish this significant prject despite the fact that they were enemies during Wrld War I and Wrld War II.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1] It cnsists f dams, pwer statins, tunnels and pipelines.运用一个简单句对原文第二段第一句进行了概括。删除了冗余的细节，使语言言简意赅。
[高分句型2] Due t lack f wrkfrce, Australia had t seek skilled labrers frm verseas t wrk n it.用due t介词短语作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
[高分句型3]Thse wrkers largely frm Eurpean backgrunds stuck tgether t accmplish this significant prject despite the fact that they were enemies during Wrld War I and Wrld War II. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第四段内容。其中用despite the fact that…作让步状语，用that引导同位语从句的用法比较高级。
例如：eq \a\vs4\al(Dn't frget the clck)—r the radi. Peple wh eq \a\vs4\al(eat slwly) tend t eq \a\vs4\al(cnsume) abut 70 eq \a\vs4\al(fewer calries) (卡路里) per meal than thse wh rush thrugh their meals. eq \a\vs4\al(Begin keeping track f the time)， and try t eq \a\vs4\al(make dinner last at least 30 minutes). And while yu're at it, actually sit dwn t eat. If yu need sme help slwing dwn, turn relaxing music. It makes yu less likely t rush thrugh a meal.(画线部分为主题句)
本段落主要内容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Recrd the time and set dinner time fr half an hur as eating slwly helps take in less calries.
例如：Yur huse may have an eq \a\vs4\al(effect) n yur eq \a\vs4\al(figure). Experts say the way yu eq \a\vs4\al(design) yur eq \a\vs4\al(hme) culd eq \a\vs4\al(play a rle in) whether yu pack n the punds r keep them ff. Yu can make yur envirnment wrk fr yu instead f against yu. Here are sme eq \a\vs4\al(ways) t turn yur eq \a\vs4\al(hme) int part f yur eq \a\vs4\al(diet) plan.(画线句为主题句)
主题句关键词如画线所示：The_way yu design yur hme may have an effect n yur figure. Here are sme ways t turn yur hme int part f yur diet plan.
转换表达时可利用同义替换将ways改为tips; The way yu design yur hme改为Hw t have yur hme designed。主题句转换为Hw t have yur hme designed affects yur figure. Belw are tips t design yur hme t help diet.