专题10 时事热点二--2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇 （解析版）

这是一份专题10 时事热点二--2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇 （解析版），共21页。
专题10 时事热点二
1.（2023·上海·上海中学校考模拟预测）Where is Amelia Earhart?
Three theories
Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean, was attempting a round- the-world flight in 1937. She planned to land on the tiny Pacific Ocean island of Howland. She never arrived. Her fate, and that of her navigator (导航员)Fred Noonan, remains one of aviation’s (航空的)greatest unsolved mysteries. Researchers have spent millions of dollars investigating the case and several books have been published that examined different theories.
The official US position is that Earhart ran out of fuel and crashed in the Pacific Ocean. The radio log from aUS Coast Guard ship indicates that she must have been near Howland when contact was lost
Another theory says that Earhart could have crashed on a different island, called Nikumaroro, and died since the island is uninhabited.
Yet another theory claims she was captured while on a secret mission to the Marshall Islands in the North Pacific and eventually returned to the US with a new identity.
Lost and found?
The missing pilot
February 18, 2011
Amelia Earhart’s dried saliva (唾液)could help solve the longstanding mystery of the aviator’s 1937 disappearance, according to scientists who plan to take samples of her DNA from her correspondence. A new project aims to create a genetic profile that could be used to test recent claims that a bone found on the South Pacific island ofNikumaroro is Earharf s.
Justin Long, a Canadian whose family is partially funding the DNA project, points out that at the moment, anyone who finds parts of bones can claim that they are Earhart’s remains. According to Justin Long, Earhart's letters are the only items that are both proved to be hers and that might contain her DNA．Hair samples are one of the best sources of DNA, but no hair samples from Earhart are known. There was, in theory, a sample of Earhart's hair in the International Women’s Air and Space Museum in Cleveland, US. However, a 2009 study revealed that the sample was actually thread.
The remains of Earhart, her navigator Noonan, and their twin-engine plane were never recovered. But in 2009, a group of researchers found a bone fragment on Nikumaroro that they believed might have been from one of Earhart' s fingers. However, some scientists have suggested the Nikumaroro bone fragment isn’t human at all but may instead belong to a sea turtle that was found nearby.
The new Earhart DNA project will be headed by Dongya Yang, a genetic scientist at Simon Fraser University in Canada. Yang will work on four letters Earhart wrote to her family. Much of Earhart's correspondence was done by her secretary but the assumption is that Earhart must have sealed the envelopes of these personal letters herself.
1．Why are there so many theories concerning where Amelia Earhart was?
A．It is still a mystery.
B．She left with some secrets.
C．Her flight cost much money.
D．She returned with a new identity.
2．What could Justin Long’s project help to do?
A．To search Nikumaroro more thoroughly.
B．To confirm if a bone belongs to Amelia Earhart.
C．To find out who Amelia Earhart often wrote to.
D．To locate Amelia Earhart’s remains accurately.
3．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．None of Amelia Earhart’s DNA has been collected so far.
B．Amelia Earhart took delight in writing letters to her family.
C．The Nikumaroro bone fragment belonged to Amelia Earhart.
D．The hair sample in Cleveland’s museum was Amelia Earhart's.

【答案】1．A    2．B    3．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是第一位独自飞越大西洋的女性Amelia Earhart于1937年失联，她的命运成为航空业最大的未解之谜，本文对这一未解之谜的各种猜想和理论进行分析。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her fate, and that of her navigator (导航员)Fred Noonan, remains one of aviation’s (航空的)greatest unsolved mysteries.(她和她的领航员Fred Noonan的命运仍然是航空业最大的未解之谜之一。)”可知，之所以有这么多的相关的理论，就是因为这是个未解之谜。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Justin Long, a Canadian whose family is partially funding the DNA project, points out that at the moment, anyone who finds parts of bones can claim that they are Earhart’s remains. According to Justin Long, Earhart's letters are the only items that are both proved to be hers and that might contain her DNA.(加拿大人Justin Long的家人部分资助了DNA项目，他指出，目前，任何发现部分骨头的人都可以声称它们是埃尔哈特的遗骸。根据Justin Long的说法，埃尔哈特的信件是唯一被证明是她的并且可能包含她的DNA的物品。)”可知，Justin Long的项目能够证实一块骨头是否属于Amelia Earhart。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But in 2009, a group of researchers found a bone fragment on Nikumaroro that they believed might have been from one of Earhart's fingers. However, some scientists have suggested the Nikumaroro bone fragment isn’t human at all but may instead belong to a sea turtle that was found nearby.(但在2009年，一组研究人员在Nikumaroro上发现了一块骨头碎片，他们认为这可能是来自Earhart的手指之一。然而，一些科学家认为Nikumaroro骨头碎片根本不是人类，而是属于附近发现的海龟。)”可知，“到目前为止，根本没有收集到Amelia Earhart的骨头”是正确的。故选A项。
2.（2022·全国·模拟预测）The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun’s outermost atmosphere for the first time. Scientists announced that Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere’s outer edge, known as the corona (日冕). They described the entry as a successful touch on the sun.
Unlike Earth, the sun does not have a solid surface. Instead, it is a superheated ball of material held together by gravity and magnetic (磁的) forces. The temperature of the corona is so high that the sun’s gravity cannot hold on to it and some solar material escapes from it and goes into space, which causes the solar wind. The solar wind is the flow of charged pieces, known as plasma.
Parker Solar Probe was launched in 2018 which mainly studied the solar wind. The sun is actually a magnetic variable star with solar activity happening nearly periodically. Scientists said being able to study the solar wind and the corona close up could help them better understand “the way the activity causes changes to the planet we live on”.
“We can actually see the spacecraft flying through the coronal structure during a total solar eclipse (日全食),” Nour Raouafi, the project scientist, said, adding that it took them a few months to examine information from the spacecraft and to confirm the result and that the evidence used included data on magnetic fields and the solar wind, as well as images. Scientists reported Parker Solar Probe successfully went in and out of the corona at least three times.
The Parker team said early data also suggested the spacecraft may have entered the corona during its ninth close approach in August, but a further study is needed to make a confirmation. The spacecraft is expected to keep getting closer to the sun and diving deeper into the corona until its final orbit, planned for 2025.
4．What do we know about the solar wind from the text?
A．It affects the corona’s temperature. B．It functions as the surface of the sun.
C．It is caused by magnetic forces. D．It comes from the sun’s outer atmosphere.
5．Why did NASA launch Parker Solar Probe?
A．To find out why solar activity happens.
B．To know how solar activity influences Earth.
C．To get more evidence of the solar wind.
D．To take measures to control the solar wind.
6．What are the scientists’ attitude to their findings?
A．Confused. B．Doubtful. C．Cautious. D．Favorable.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Spacecraft Touches the Sun for the First Time
B．Parker Uncovers the Secrets of the Solar Wind
C．NASA Brought New Discoveries about the Sun
D．Parker Is Designed to Reach the Sun in 2025

【答案】4．D    5．B    6．C    7．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局的一艘航天器“帕克太阳探测器”首次进入太阳最外层的大气层，接触到太阳。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun’s outermost atmosphere for the first time. Scientists announced that Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere’s outer edge, known as the corona (日冕).(美国宇航局称一艘宇宙飞船首次进入太阳最外层大气层。科学家们宣布，帕克太阳探测器穿过了太阳大气的外缘，也就是日冕。)”和第二段的“The temperature of the corona is so high that the sun’s gravity cannot hold on to it and some solar material escapes from it and goes into space, which causes the solar wind.(日冕的温度很高，太阳的引力无法抓住它，一些太阳物质从日冕逃逸到太空中，这就造成了太阳风。)”可知，一些太阳物质会从日冕中逃出，进入太空形成太阳风，而日冕指太阳大气的最外层，由此可知，太阳风来自太阳大气的外层。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Parker Solar Probe was launched in 2018 which mainly studied the solar wind. The sun is actually a magnetic variable star with solar activity happening nearly periodically. Scientists said being able to study the solar wind and the corona close up could help them better understand “the way the activity causes changes to the planet we live on”(帕克太阳探测器于2018年发射，主要研究太阳风。太阳实际上是一颗磁变星，太阳活动几乎周期性地发生。科学家们表示，能够近距离研究太阳风和日冕，可以帮助他们更好地理解“太阳风活动对我们生活的星球造成的变化方式”。)”可知，“帕克太阳探测器”主要研究太阳风，以帮助科学家更好地了解太阳活动如何影响我们的地球。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段的“it took them a few months to examine information from the spacecraft and to confirm the result and that the evidence used included data on magnetic fields and the solar wind, as well as images(他们花了几个月的时间来检查来自航天器的信息，并确认结果，所用的证据包括磁场和太阳风的数据，以及图像)”和第五段的“but a further study is needed to make a confirmation(但还需要进一步的研究来证实)”可知，科学家们花费数月时间检查来自航天器的信息并确认结果，并且认为需要开展新研究以确认“帕克太阳探测器”在8月份是否进入日冕。由此可推断出科学家们对他们的发现的态度是谨慎的。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段“The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun’s outermost atmosphere for the first time. Scientists announced that Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere’s outer edge, known as the corona (日冕). They described the entry as a successful touch on the sun.(美国宇航局称一艘宇宙飞船首次进入太阳最外层大气层。科学家们宣布，帕克太阳探测器穿过了太阳大气的外缘，也就是日冕。他们称这次进入是一次成功的太阳之旅。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的“帕克太阳探测器”首次近距离接近太阳，故A项“Spacecraft Touches the Sun for the First Time(宇宙飞船首次接触太阳)”作标题最佳。故选A。
3.（2022·浙江·一模）Scientists are taking the study of archaeology (考古学) to a whole other dimension: space. For the first time, researchers are examining the ways humans live on the International Space Station (ISS), more specifically how they live culturally and materially, since it began orbital operations in 2000.
The project, involving daily photography of various ISS areas, was developed in 2015 by professors Justin Walsh of Chapman University in California, and Alice Gorman of Flinders University. The Earth-based scientists are working with astronauts to monitor changes in one-meter-square areas at the space station.
According to Chris Young of Interesting Engineering, for their first experiment, the astronauts are creating the equivalent of an earthen test pit (探坑) by marking out five areas within the space station. This test will focus on the kitchen table, workstation, payload rack (载荷机架) and a wall near the washroom and a section of the laboratory module, Destiny. Astronauts will then take daily photographs over a period of 60 days to know how the different spaces are used by the crew. For the first 30 days, images will be taken at about the same time each day and then at random times for the remainder of the experiment.
The archaeologists plan to study the images to better understand how the astronauts have interacted and adapted in the space in the 20 years when the ISS has orbited Earth, and how it has affected the crew’s ability to solve technical, engineering and medical issues, reports Leonard David of Space.com.
Original plans called for the ISS crew to swab (用拭子擦拭) surfaces for biological data and make sound and video recordings, but these ideas were given up so the project could begin sooner. Walsh tells Space.com he hopes the project will help find ways for future habitat designers to do their work better.
“The advantage of archaeology is that it shows us what people actually do, rather than what they think, or say, they do,” Gorman says.
8．What can we learn about the project according to the text?
A．It plans to get astronauts interested in archaeology.
B．It’s carried out based on international cooperation.
C．It’s intended to learn more about other planets in space.
D．It involves taking daily photos of several areas on the ISS.
9．What will be a research focus of the project?
A．Astronauts’ health and fitness.
B．Orbital operations of the ISS.
C．The ways of communication between astronauts.
D．Searching for creatures living on other planets.
10．What was done in order to get the project started earlier?
A．Reducing the number of the participants.
B．Deleting some tasks from the original to-do list.
C．Inviting more scientists to give useful advice.
D．Asking the ISS crew to stop their daily work.
11．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Researchers use archaeology to study humans’ life on the ISS.
B．Scientists should carry out more experiments on the ISS.
C．Astronauts tend to enrich their daily lives by taking pictures.
D．Archeologists can play a leading role in space explorations.

【答案】8．D    9．C    10．B    11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是科学家们正将考古学的研究带入太空。据新闻报道可知，这是研究人员首次研究国际空间站上人类的生活方式。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“The project, involving daily photography of various ISS areas, was developed in 2015 by professors Justin Walsh of Chapman University in California, and Alice Gorman of Flinders University.(该项目包括国际空间站各个区域的日常摄影，由加州Chapman大学的Justin Walsh教授和Flinders大学的Alice Gorman教授于2015年开发。)”和第三段“Astronauts will then take daily photographs over a period of 60 days to know how the different spaces are used by the crew. For the first 30 days, images will be taken at about the same time each day and then at random times for the remainder of the experiment.(宇航员将在60天的时间里每天拍摄照片，以了解宇航员是如何使用不同的空间的。在实验的前30天里，图像将在每天相同的时间拍摄，然后在实验的其余时间随机拍摄。)”可知，这个研究项目包括对国际空间站的几个区域进行每日拍照。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The archaeologists plan to study the images to better understand how the astronauts have interacted and adapted in the space in the 20 years when the ISS has orbited Earth, and how it has affected the crew’s ability to solve technical, engineering and medical issues, reports Leonard David of Space.com.(据Space.com网站的Leonard David报道，考古学家计划研究这些图像，以更好地了解国际空间站绕地球运行20年以来，宇航员是如何在太空中互动和适应的，以及这是如何影响宇航员解决技术、工程和医疗问题的能力的。)”可知，宇航员之间互动交流的方式将是其中的一个研究重点。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中第一句“Original plans called for the ISS crew to swab (用拭子擦拭) surfaces for biological data and make sound and video recordings, but these ideas were given up so the project could begin sooner.(最初的计划是让国际空间站的工作人员采集表面的生物数据，并进行声音和视频录制，但这些想法都被放弃了，以便项目能更快开始。)”可知，为了让项目早点开始，原来的待办事项列表中的一些任务被删除，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Scientists are taking the study of archaeology (考古学) to a whole other dimension: space. For the first time, researchers are examining the ways humans live on the International Space Station (ISS), more specifically how they live culturally and materially, since it began orbital operations in 2000.(科学家们正把考古研究带入另一个维度：空间。研究人员首次研究了国际空间站自2000年开始轨道运行以来人类在空间站上的生活方式，更具体地说，是他们在文化和物质上的生活方式。)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们把考古学的研究带到太空，研究人员首次在国际空间站上研究人类的生活方式。故A项“Researchers use archaeology to study humans’ life on the ISS.(研究人员利用考古学来研究人类在国际空间站上的生活)”是本文的主旨。故选A。
4.（2022·浙江湖州·校联考一模）Born on her family’s farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse. Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors. Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident.
The outbreak of World War II resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives(爆炸物)for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.
After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA(North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂)and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.
Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Mogan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. After countless trails, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne.
Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器), such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind.
12．What do we know about Mary?
A．She attended school while helping with farm work.
B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation.
C．She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed.
D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career.
13．What does the underlined word “aeronautics” probably mean?
A．Analyzing chemicals. B．Producing explosives.
C．Mixing and saving fuels. D．Designing and building aircraft.
14．What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA?
A．Her discovery of Hydyne. B．Her rank as an engineer.
C．Her special knowledge in fuels. D．Her sense of national pride.
15．Which of the following words can best describe Mary Sherman Morgan?
A．Caring and determined. B．Courageous and creative.
C．Intelligent but sensitive. D．Accomplished but proud.

【答案】12．C    13．D    14．C    15．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了科学家Mary Sherman Morgan的生平以及她所做出的贡献。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“The outbreak of World War II resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives(爆炸物)for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.(第二次世界大战的爆发导致全国化学家和科学家短缺。尽管她仍然是一名学生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她获得了一份化学分析师工作，为战时生产炸药。她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。”以及第四段的第一、二句“Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Mogan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. (她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根着手研究燃料。)”可知Mary工作重心是随着国内需求的变化而转移。故选C。
13．词义猜测题。根据第三段“After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA(North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂)and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines. (战争结束后，对炸药的需求下降了，所以她转到aeronautics领域，到加利福尼亚为北美航空公司工作。作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。)”以及最后一段第一句“Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器), such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. (Hydyne在Redstone导弹和随后的其他飞行器上测试良好，如Jupiter-C 火箭，证明是一个快速进入太空的解决方案，而无需全面重新设计火箭。)”可知Mary Sherman Morgan进入的是航空航天领域，所以D选项“Designing and building aircraft(设计和制造航天器)”符合词义。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂)and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines. (作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。)”和第四段第一句“Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Mogan was appointed technical lead on the project.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的Redstone导弹送入太空的燃料时，莫根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。)”可知是在燃料方面的专业知识让Mary成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.(她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。)”和第四段的最后一句“After countless trails, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne.(经过无数次的尝试，她终于设计了自己的混合物，并命名为Hydyne。)”可知Mary 勇敢且具有创造性。故选B。
5.（2022·全国·一模）200,000 miles from Earth, the crew of the third manned mission to the Moon faced an astronaut’s worst nightmare: an explosion on the spacecraft. It’s what happened in the Oscar-winning film Apollo 13, but it’s also a true story.
The lift-off of Apollo 13 took place on 11th April 1970. Two days into the mission, the three-man crew were in big trouble. They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang. Warning lights were starting to flash. Looking out into space, they could see a trail of gas — the spacecraft was leaking oxygen. They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth: “Houston, we’ve had a problem here.” At first, they thought that a meteor (流星) had hit them, but they later found out that a short circuit had caused an oxygen container to explode. Whatever the cause, they knew there was no time to lose. Their electricity supply in the command module (指令舱) depended on that oxygen and pretty soon they would run out of both.
The only solution was to move into the lunar module — the section of the spacecraft that would have landed on the Moon. Now though, they were using it as a kind of lifeboat. With its own power supply, oxygen and water, the three men could survive in the lunar module and return to Earth. There was another problem though. In an enclosed space like a lunar module, the carbon dioxide the crew was breathing out was dangerous. The equipment to clear the air of carbon dioxide was only built for two people. Now it had to deal with three. Amazingly, the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.
There was one final hindrance. The lunar module wasn’t strong enough to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere so the crew had to go back into the damaged command module. To everyone’s relief, the crew of Apollo 13 arrived safely in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17th. Although the crew didn’t land on the Moon, NASA still considered the mission a success.
16．What was the astronauts’ first reaction to the explosion?
A．They went out to land on the Moon. B．They informed scientists on Earth.
C．They moved into the lunar module. D．They looked into the cause of the explosion.
17．How did the astronauts solve their air situation in the lunar module?
A．By moving back to the command module. B．By lowering the carbon dioxide level.
C．By creating a new oxygen supply. D．By limiting the oxygen use.
18．What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?
A．Surprise. B．Mission. C．Obstacle. D．Circumstance.
19．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A Successful Mission B．An Amazing Adventure
C．Deep Space Exploration D．Life-and-Death Drama in Space

【答案】16．B    17．B    18．C    19．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影《阿波罗13号》背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang.…They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth: “Houston, we’ve had a problem here.”(他们正在进行例行检查，突然听到一声巨响。……他们给地球上的科学家们发了一条短信：“休斯顿，我们这里出了点问题。”)”可知，爆炸发生后，他们首先联系了地球上的科学家们。故选B项。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Amazingly, the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbon dioxide to a safe level.(了不起的是，机组人员成功地用飞船上的材料制作了一个适配器，将二氧化碳减少到安全水平)” 可知，机组人员制作了一种新设备以降低登月舱中的二氧化碳水平，解决了空气问题。故选B项。
18．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“The lunar module wasn’t strong enough to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere so the crew had to go back into the damaged command module.(登月舱不够坚固，无法重新进入地球大气层，所以宇航员不得不回到损坏的指挥舱)”可知，宇航员在解决了上题中提到的空气问题后，仍然面临最后一个“困难”，即因登月舱不够坚固而无法再次进入大气层。由此可知，划线词意为“困难；障碍”。A. Surprise惊喜；B. Mission任务；C. Obstacle障碍；D. Circumstance情况。故选C项。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“200,000 miles from Earth, the crew of the third manned mission to the Moon faced an astronaut’s worst nightmare: an explosion on the spacecraft. It’s what happened in the Oscar-winning film Apollo 13, but it’s also a true story.(在距离地球20万英里的地方，第三次载人登月任务的工作人员面临着宇航员最可怕的噩梦：飞船爆炸。这是奥斯卡获奖影片《阿波罗13号》中发生的事情，但它也是一个真实的故事)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影《阿波罗13号》背后真实发生在太空的生死逃亡的故事，首段直接引出了文章的主题，后文是围绕着该主题的细节描写，所以D选项“太空中的生死剧”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
6.（2022·全国·模拟预测）Nearly two years after the COVID-19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination treatment for COVID-19.
A team from Brii Biosciences, Tsinghua University, and the People’s Hospital of Shenzhen has accomplished the task in 20 months. It would usually takes 10 years. “It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang Linqi, leader of the research team.
The new antibody drug is immediately effective when conducted intravenously (静脉注射). Moreover, the treatment can protect people, especially those whose physical condition doesn’t allow vaccination, from becoming infected by COVID-19 for around nine to 12 months, said Zhang. How does it work? When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will be destroyed immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. So its target is very precise. In addition, thanks to the coordination between the two antibodies, it is highly efficient and durable in controlling the virus, according to Zhang.
Lab tests suggest that the antibody combination can be effective against common COVID-19 variants, including the Alpha, Beta, Delta, Lambda and Mu. Testing with the newer Omicron strain is ongoing. The qualities of the new drug make it especially useful for high-risk groups, such as frontline medical workers and people who are not suitable for vaccination due to various possible health problems.
The new drug is expected to come to the market soon, but it’s not cheap. That’s because of limited production. Also, it typically must be administered intravenously in a hospital setting.
Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said: “Science is the core to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.”
20．What do we know about the new drug?
A．It can remain active in human bodies for 20 months.
B．It’s unsuitable for people with underlying health problems.
C．It proves to be effective against COVID-19 variants alone.
D．It promises an 80 percent reduced risk of death.
21．How does the drug work?
A．By getting rid of cells infected with the virus.
B．By preventing the virus from attacking cells.
C．By assisting the spike proteins in unlocking cells.
D．By targeting spike proteins on the surface of cells.
22．What is a disadvantage of the drug?
A．It has some side effects. B．Its ingredients are still in limited supply.
C．Not everyone can afford it. D．Only high-risk groups can have access to it.
23．What is the Zhang Linqi’s attitude towards science and technology in fighting COVID-19?
A．Supportive. B．Ambiguous. C．Indifferent. D．Negative.

【答案】20．D    21．B    22．C    23．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国研发了对抗新冠肺炎的新药，承诺降低80%的死亡风险。文章介绍了这种药的工作原理以及适用人群等情况。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中““It can reduce the rate of hospitalization and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang Linqi, leader of the research team.(该研究团队的负责人张林琪表示：“它可以降低80%的住院率和死亡率。”)”可知，新药承诺降低80%的死亡风险。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. So its target is very precise.(抗体的作用是阻止病毒进入细胞。所以它的目标非常精确)”可知，药物通过阻止病毒攻击细胞起作用。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The new drug is expected to come to the market soon, but it’s not cheap.(这种新药有望很快上市，但价格不菲)”可知，这种药的缺点是不是每个人都买得起。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said: “Science is the core to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.”(张表示，疫情发生以来，中国一直在用科学技术抗击新冠肺炎。他说：“科学是解决问题的核心。从医疗、药物、疫苗研发到防控措施，科学在各个领域都显示出了力量。”)”可推知，张琳琪对新冠肺炎科技的态度是支持的。故选A。
7．（2022·贵州遵义·统考三模）A Russian actor and film director left Earth on a spaceship this week to start filming a movie. Russian officials said the movie will shine a light on Russia’s success in space. Dmitry Peskov is press secretary for President Vladimir Putin. “We have been pioneers in space and maintained a confident position,” Peskov said, adding that space exploration is great for Russia.
Actor Yulia Peresild and director Klim Shipenko took off from a site in Kazahkstan Tuesday with cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov. They arrived about three hours later at the International Space Station where they will stay for 12 days. The future film is called Challenge. It tells the story of a doctor who hurries to the space station to help an astronaut with a heart problem. The passengers had four months to get ready for the space trip. Peresild said training for the trip was difficult. But, she said, once they reach their goal, “all that will seem not so difficult and we will remember it with a smile.” Shipenko said he will finish the movie back home after filming in space. Two other Russian cosmonauts already on the space station will also perform in the movie. Dmitry Rogozin heads the Russian space agency Roscosmos and has been a major force behind the project.
“Space deserves being shown in a more professional, artful way,” he said. Rogozin said he edited the script himself to correctly represent the realities of space travel. “We describe some real emergencies that may happen out there,” he said. Oleg Novitskiy is an experienced Russian cosmonaut. He will play the character with the heart problem in the movie. When that is done, he will return to captain’s seat of the Soyuz spacecraft and bring the actor and director back to Earth.
24．What can we learn from Dmitry Peskov’s words?
A．President Vladimir Putin thought the movie was great.
B．Russia is in the leading position in space exploration.
C．The actor and film director are pioneers to make film.
D．The Russian government is confident of the launch mission.
25．Who is probably going to play the role of doctor according to the passage?
A．Yulia Peresild. B．Klim Shipenko.
C．Dmitry Rogozin. D．Oleg Novitskiy.
26．What do we know about the movie?
A．It will be completely finished in space.
B．The script was written by Rogozin.
C．It will reflect some real emergencies in space.
D．The roles will all be played by professional actors.
27．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．Russia’s Great Space Exploration.
B．International Space Station.
C．An Emergency in Space.
D．Challenge: A Movie Made in Space.

【答案】24．B    25．A    26．C    27．D

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。俄罗斯一名演员和电影导演本周乘坐宇宙飞船离开了地球开始拍摄一部电影，俄罗斯官员称这部电影会关注俄罗斯在太空的成功。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段中引述Peskov的话“We have been pioneers in space and maintained a confident position(我们一直是太空的先驱者，并且保持着自信的地位)”可知，Peskov的话表明俄罗斯处于空间探索的领先地位，与B选项描述相符。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Actor Yulia Peresild and director Klim Shipenko took off from a site in Kazahkstan Tuesday with cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov.(演员尤利娅·佩列西利德和导演克利姆·希彭科周二与宇航员安东·施卡普列罗夫一起从哈萨克斯坦的一个发射场起飞。)”与第三句“The future film is called Challenge. It tells the story of a doctor who hurries to the space station to help an astronaut with a heart problem.(这部未来的电影叫做《挑战》。它讲述了一位医生紧急赶到空间站帮助一名有心脏病的宇航员的故事。)”以及第三段中“Oleg Novitskiy is an experienced Russian cosmonaut. He will play the character with the heart problem in the movie.(奥列格·诺维茨基是一名经验丰富的俄罗斯宇航员。他将在电影中扮演心脏有问题的角色。)”可知，此次太空旅行一共有三个人参与，Klim Shipenko是导演，宇航员Anton Shkaplerov要扮演心脏有问题的宇航员，则医生应当由演员Yulia Peresild扮演。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中引述Rogozin的话“We describe some real emergencies that may happen out there(我们描述了一些可能在那里发生的真正的紧急情况)”可知，电影表现的就是可能发生在太空中的真实的紧急情况，与C选项描述相符，故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。浏览全文，文章以新闻报道的形式，介绍了一部将在太空中完成拍摄的电影，其名为Challenge，D选项“Challenge：一部在太空中制作的电影”切合文章主题，适合作为标题。故选D项。
8.（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）When Armstrong set foot on the moon in 1969, children saw stars in their eyes and dreamed of a never-before-imagined career: astronaut.
Becoming an astronaut is a difficult task. They must have a master’s degree and at least two years of relevant professional experience. Alternatively, they must complete at least 1,000 hours under the pilot’s command in a jet plane. The tricky part begins now. Astronauts must pass a long-term flight physical exam. You are unlucky if you are shorter than 5 feet 2 inches or taller than 6 feet 3 inches. Candidates must have 20/20 vision, even if they wear corrective lenses. Even while sitting, your blood pressure should not exceed 140/90. Additionally, make sure that your resume is concise and error-free. Astronauts must pay attention to minor details, which is a necessary skill for scientists.
It is not an easy road to become an astronaut. For example, in 2021, despite the fact that 18,300 people applied, only 12 were accepted by NASA, representing a 1‰ acceptance rate. Whether your application is accepted or not, it will be some time before you leave Earth.
First, you’re to finish a two-year military training course. Physical tests are also required. They must first obtain a scuba diving license and then swim three laps in a pool while wearing a flight suit. Finally, students should practice driving the typical high and low atmospheric pressures in simulations (模拟).
Astronauts must complete two years of compulsory military training in addition to six years of education and two years of professional experience. This all adds up to decades of planning. After that, astronauts must complete extensive mission training before leaving Earth.
Becoming an astronaut is challenging, but if you have a passion for space exploration, don’t let challenges hold you back.
28．According to para.2, who is most qualified to apply for astronauts?
A．A bachelor who passed normal physical exams.
B．A master with perfect resume and low blood pressure.
C．A pilot 6 feet in height with 1100-hours’ flight experience.
D．A doctor with one-year relevant experience and 20/20 vision.
29．Why does the author use statistics in paragraph 3?
A．To explain it takes some time to leave Earth.
B．To imply people’s passion for space exploration.
C．To show the difficulty to be accepted as an astronaut.
D．To persuade people to give up the dream of astronaut.
30．What’s the right order of astronauts’ training before leaving Earth?
①Scuba diving and swimming training
②Extreme atmospheric pressures driving training
③Extensive mission training
④A two-year military training
A．④①③② B．①④②③ C．①②④③ D．④①②③
31．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．The Pursuit of Space Dream. B．How to Become an Astronaut?
C．The Hardship of Space Exploration. D．What are the Tasks of Astronauts?

【答案】28．C    29．C    30．D    31．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何成为宇航员。
28．细节理解题。结合第二段第三句“Alternatively, they must complete at least 1,000 hours under the pilot’s command in a jet plane.”（或者，他们必须在飞行员的指挥下驾驶喷气式飞机时长达到至少1000个小时。）和该段的第五句“You are unlucky if you are shorter than 5 feet 2 inches or taller than 6 feet 3 inches.”（如果你的身高不足5英尺2英寸（约合158厘米）或是高于6英尺3英寸（约合191厘米），那么你就不太幸运了。），C项的飞行员身高“6 feet”符合选拔宇航员的身高范围（5 feet 2 inches-6 feet 3 inches）之内，飞行时长“1100 hours”达到1000小时以上，也符合。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段列数据的第二句“For example, in 2021, despite the fact that 18,300 people applied, only 12 were accepted by NASA, representing a 1‰ acceptance rate.”（比如，2021年有18300人申请成为宇航员，但是只有12人进入美国航空航天局，入选比例为千分之一。）可知，进入航天局的比例十分低，由此可知第三段使用这些数据是为了说明该段首句的观点“It is not an easy road to become an astronaut.”（成为宇航员不是一条好走的路。），即想要成为宇航员很难。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。第四、五段阐述了宇航员进入太空前的各项训练。由第四段的第一句“First, you’re to finish a two-year military training course.”（首先，你要完成两年军事训练课程。）可知，第一项训练是“④A two-year military training”；由第四段的第三句“They must first obtain a scuba diving license and then swim three laps in a pool while wearing a flight suit.”（他们必须首先获得水肺潜水许可证，然后穿着飞行服在游泳池里游三圈。）可知，第二项是“①Scuba diving and swimming training”；由第四段的第四句“Finally, students should practice driving the typical high and low atmospheric pressures in simulations (模拟).”（最后，学员需要模拟练习在典型的高气压和低气压下驾驶。）可知，第三项是“②Extreme atmospheric pressures driving training”；由第五段的最后一句“After that, astronauts must complete extensive mission training before leaving Earth.”（之后，宇航员在进入太空前必须完成大量任务训练。）可知，最后一项是“③Extensive mission training”。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。本文从成为宇航员的申请条件、难度系数、专项训练多角度阐述了如何成为一名宇航员。所以B项“How to Become an Astronaut?”（如何成为宇航员？）最适合作为本文标题。故选B项。
9.（2022·辽宁·校联考三模）The past 12 months won’t be remembered fondly because of the pandemic. For the highly skilled team of pharmacists (药剂师) at Boots, life in a customer-facing role has brought new challenges. But all have reacted wonderfully to meet the needs of customers.
Boots’ pharmacist Lisa has played her part in Boots’ latest series campaign to increase awareness of the range of services it offers to customers. “Besides visiting Boots for advice from your local pharmacist we also offer the Electronic Prescription Service(EPS), Prescription Delivery Service(PDS) for nominated (指定的) collection from our pharmacies , and selected stores offer late-night opening hours.”
The EPS has been a game-changer for many people, enabling them to access their prescribed medication from a pharmacy of their choice in England only. At the touch of a keyboard, your doctor can hand over your prescription to your nominated pharmacy within England.
Boots also offers a Prescription Text Message Service(PTMS), which means they can send you a live update text when your prescription is ready for collection, saving you from a wasted journey and hanging around in the store. Convenience and accessibility are at the heart of the Boots philosophy. Selected Boots pharmacies are open until midnight, Monday to Saturday(with some opening on Sundays).
For customers who are unable to travel to a pharmacy, PDS is available across the UK. Your closest local Boots will be happy to sign you up for home delivery. The cost is £5 for each delivery, or for just £55 a year, you can receive unlimited prescription deliveries. As an alternative to the PDS, customers may prefer to nominate a trusted person to collect their medication on their behalf.
Pharmacy teams can offer expert advice and various health services, many of which could save you a visit to your doctor or help you make healthy lifestyle choices.
32．Which of the following service does Boots not offer?
A．Face-to-face service. B．Round-the-clock service.
C．Prescription delivery service. D．Electronic prescription service.
33．What convenience does the PTMS provide?
A．It updates Boots’ latest news. B．It avoids customers’ in-store collection.
C．It reduces customer’s shop visiting time. D．It saves pharmacists getting prescriptions ready.
34．How can customers use the PDS?
A．By booking a whole year’s home delivery. B．By seeking Pharmacists’ advice unlimitedly.
C．By getting free home delivery after signing up. D．By nominating a person to deliver their medication.
35．Which can be the best title of the text?
A．A campaign Boots has carried out. B．Responses Boots has made to the pandemic.
C．Services Boots has provided beyond the UK. D．Convenience Boots has brought to the customers.

【答案】32．B    33．C    34．A    35．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述疫情期间英国Boots连锁药房推出了一系列便民服务的措施（包括EPS 电子处方服务，PDS 根据医生所开处方找人代取药物的服务等），充分保障了疫情期间人们的正常生活；强调了在困难时期，社会上应该充满关爱，打造和谐社会。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“and selected stores offer late-night opening hours.(部分药店还提供深夜营业时间)”及第四段“Selected Boots pharmacies are open until midnight, Monday to Saturday(with some opening on Sundays).(部分Boots药店周一至周六营业至午夜（部分周日营业）)”可知，Boots不提供昼夜服务。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Boots also offers a Prescription Text Message Service (PTMS), which means they can send you a live update text when your prescription is ready for collection, saving you from a wasted journey and hanging around in the store.(Boots还提供处方短信服务（PTMS），这意味着当你的处方准备好领取时，他们可以向你发送实时短信，让你不必浪费旅途时间，也不必在店里闲逛)”可知，PTMS服务可以节省顾客到店和在店内等候的时间。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The cost is £5 for each delivery, or for just £55 a year, you can receive unlimited prescription deliveries.(每次快递费用为5英镑，或者一年只需55英镑，你就可以获得无限的处方快递服务)”可知，顾客可以定制一整年的送货到家服务。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But all have reacted wonderfully to meet the needs of customers. (但所有人都积极作出反应，以满足客户的需求)”以及全文可知，文章讲述疫情期间英国Boots连锁药房推出了一系列便民服务的措施（包括EPS 电子处方服务，PDS 根据医生所开处方找人代取药物的服务等），充分保障了疫情期间人们的正常生活；强调了在困难时期，社会上应该充满关爱，打造和谐社会。所以短文的最佳标题为“Boots对疫情做出的反应”。故选B项。
10.（2022·河南·校联考模拟预测）How do astronauts do the laundry in space ? They don’t. They wear their underwear, gym clothes and everything else until they can’t take the smell anymore, then junk them.
NASA wants to change that — if not at the International Space Station (ISS), and then the moon and Mars- and stop throwing away tons of dirty clothes every year, putting them in the waste to burn up in the atmosphere aboard abandoned cargo ships. So it’s teamed up with Procter＆Gamble Co. (P＆C) to figure out how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space so they can be reused for months or even years, just like on Earth.
Rocket cargo space is tight and expensive, according to NASA, so why waste it on new clothes if their clothes could be kept looking and smelling fresh? There’re also the health factors. Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to deal with the muscle-and bone-withering effects of weightlessness, quickly leaving their workout clothes sweaty, smelly and stiff. Their T-shirts, shorts and socks end up so terrible that they run through a pair every week, according to Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut. “After that, they’re considered poisonous,” said Melvin, who’s serving as a spokesman for the project.
While NASA and the other space station partners have looked into special clothes to extend wear, it’s not a long-term solution. In its initial experiment, P＆G will send up detergent specially made for space in December, so scientists can see how the detergent react to six months of weightlessness.
P&G is developing a washer-dryer combination that could operate on the moon or even Mars, using a little water and detergent. Then next May, stain-removal pens and wipes will be delivered for testing by astronauts. “The best solutions come from the most diverse teams,” Melvin said, “and how more diverse can you be than Tideand NASA?”
36．How do astronauts deal with the clothes after wearing them?
A．By throwing them directly into space. B．By burning them up in a spaceship.
C．By reusing them in cargo ships. D．By cleaning them up by hand.
37．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The limitations of rocket cargo space. B．The reasons for cleaning dirty clothes in space.
C．The suitable exercising ways of astronauts. D．The role Melvin plays in designing the project.
38．What can we learn about the special clothes for astronauts?
A．It’s time-consuming to make them. B．They are easy to wash.
C．They are not very satisfactory. D．They won’t become smelly.
39．What will the company P&G do for astronauts next year?
A．Send them some daily cleaning supplies.
B．Reduce the effect of weightlessness on them.
C．Design a machine for drying clothes in space.
D．Deliver pens for them to improve their handwriting.

【答案】36．B    37．B    38．C    39．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局与宝洁公司合作，研究如何在太空中最好地清洁宇航员的衣服。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“NASA wants to change that — if not at the International Space Station (ISS), and then the moon and Mars- and stop throwing away tons of dirty clothes every year, putting them in the waste to burn up in the atmosphere aboard abandoned cargo ships.(美国国家航空航天局想要改变这一现状——如果不是在国际空间站，那么是在月球和火星——停止每年扔掉成吨的脏衣服，把它们放入废物中，在废弃的货船上在大气中燃烧)”可知，宇航员穿完衣服后在宇宙飞船里把它们烧掉。故选B。
37．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Rocket cargo space is tight and expensive, according to NASA, so why waste it on new clothes if their clothes could be kept looking and smelling fresh? There’re also the health factors. Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to deal with the muscle-and bone-withering effects of weightlessness, quickly leaving their workout clothes sweaty, smelly and stiff. Their T-shirts, shorts and socks end up so terrible that they run through a pair every week, according to Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut. “After that, they’re considered poisonous,” said Melvin, who’s serving as a spokesman for the project.(据美国国家航空航天局称，火箭的货运空间既紧张又昂贵，所以如果他们的衣服看起来不错，闻起来又新鲜，为什么还要浪费在新衣服上呢？还有健康因素。空间站的宇航员每天锻炼两小时，以应对失重对肌肉和骨骼的影响，很快就会让他们的运动服汗流浃背，散发出难闻的气味和僵硬的感觉。据美国国家航空航天局前宇航员利兰·梅尔文说，他们的T恤、短裤和袜子都很糟糕，以至于他们每周都穿一条。“在那之后，它们就被认为是有毒的，”该项目发言人梅尔文说)”可知，本段主要介绍了一定要处理穿过的衣服的原因。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段中“While NASA and the other space station partners have looked into special clothes to extend wear, it’s not a long-term solution.(虽然美国国家航空航天局和其他空间站合作伙伴已经研究了延长穿着时间的特殊服装，但这不是一个长期的解决方案)”可推断，这种设计不太令人满意。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Then next May, stain-removal pens and wipes will be delivered for testing by astronauts.(明年5月，除污笔和湿巾将被送往宇航员进行测试)”可知，宝洁公司明年将给宇航员送一些日常清洁用品。故选A。