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中考英语复习资料大全——其他表示将来的结构知识点总结与整理(40)
展开中考英语 语法复习讲义(四十)其他表示将来的结构知识点总结与整理其他表示将来的结构(1)be going to+动词原形+……对于将要发生的事情,或打算、计划、决定要做的事情,皆可以用“be going to+动词原形+……”句型来表示。A.肯定句句型:主语+be going to+动词原形+……重要:be going to后面的动词一定要用原形。He is going to travel around the world.(他计划周游世界。)They’re going to have a picnic this weekend.(他们这个周末要去野餐。)He said he was going to teach in Beijing next year.(他说明年他将要在北京任教。)They said they were going to start off at once.(他们说他们将立即出发。)补充:I’m going to...;He’s going to...;We’re going to...;They’re going to...B.否定句句型:主语+be not going to+动词原形+……此句型含有be动词,所以它的否定句与一般含有be动词的句型相同,只要在be动词后面加上not即可,其余保持不变。I’m not going to be a teacher.(我不打算当老师。)It’s not going to rain this afternoon.(今天下午没有雨。)We’re not going to have any class next week.(下周我们不上课。)C.一般疑问句句型:Be+主语+going to+动词原形+……?此句型中有be动词,所以它的一般疑问句的构成法也和含有be动词的句型相同,只要把be动词放在句首,就使其成为一般疑问句了。A:Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up?(你长大了,打算当一名医生吗?)B:Yes,I am.(是的,我想。)/No,I’m not.(不,我不想。)A:Is your sister going to bring you lunch?(你姐姐打算给你带午饭来吗?)B:Yes,she is.(是的,她会的。)/No,she isn’t.(不,她不会。)说明:回答be going to构成的一般疑问句时,只需简略回答如下:肯定:Yes,主语+be./否定:No,主语+be not.D.特殊疑问句句型:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+……?Where is she going to have her birthday party?(她打算在哪儿举办生日聚会?)How are they going to spend their holidays?(假期他们准备怎么过?)A:What are you going to do next Sunday?(下个星期天你打算做什么?)B:I’m going to go fishing.(我打算去钓鱼。)A:Who is going to Hong Kong for a holiday?(谁打算去香港度假?)B:I’m going to Hong Kong for a holiday.(我打算去香港度假。)(简略回答:I am.)A:When is she going to buy a new house?(她准备什么时候买新房子?)B:She is going to buy a new house in September.(她计划9月份买新房。)(简略回答:In September.)比较:who问句和when问句的区别who问句和when问句都是特殊疑问句,但结构不同。who问句用疑问词who对主语进行提问,所以who就是这个句子的主语,后面不可能再出现主语。when问句是用疑问词when对句子中的时间状语提问,所以when后面的句子中一定有主语。E.be going to和will/shall的区别对初中阶段来讲,“be going to+动词原形”和“will/shall+动词原形”一般可以互换使用。但在现代英语中,特别是在口语中,表将来时多用“be going to+动词原形”这一形式。它们的主要区别在于:“be going to+动词原形”表示主观上打算、计划或意图;而“will/shall+动词原形”则表示未经事先考虑的意图。但是如果不清楚是否是事先考虑的意图时,两者都可以用。There is somebody at the door.I’ll go and open it.(门口有人,我去开门。)(I’ll go and open it.去开门显然是未经事先考虑的意图,在此,不宜说I’m going toopen it.)Mike:I’m sorry.I forgot to mail the letter for you.(迈克:真对不起,我忘了替你寄信了。)Tom:Never mind.I’ll mail it tomorrow.(汤姆:没关系。明天我去寄。)(显然,汤姆说明天我去寄这封信时不能用be going tomail...,因为这不是事先计划好的)He is going to change his job.(他打算换工作。)(换工作是事先考虑好的,所以用be going to)I won’t/am not going to tell you my age.(我不会/不准备告诉你我的年龄。)补充:在有些情况下,will和be going to句型可以互相转换。此时要注意be动词的变化。She will visit there next week.→She is going to visit there next week.(她下周要去那儿参观。)(2)be to (do)表示将来当表示安排、计划在近期将发生的事情,或者表示过去曾经计划要做的事时,用be to (do)结构。There is to be an exhibition next month here.(这儿下个月将有个展览。)She is to be here at 10:00 a.m.tomorrow.(她将于明天上午10点抵达这里。)(3)be about to (do)表示将来表达事情或动作马上、很快就要发生时,用be about to (do)结构,一般不用时间状语,但有时也可与when连用。The bell is about to ring.(马上就要响铃了。)Their daughter is about to get married.(他们的女儿很快将要结婚了。)We were about to go to a movie when Monica appeared.(我们正要去看电影,这时莫妮卡来了。)(4)一般现在时/一般过去时表示将来按时刻表将要发生的动作或事件往往用一般现在时来代替一般将来时,如:火车发车、到站或飞机起飞、降落等。条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。The plane takes off at one o’clock this afternoon.(飞机下午1点起飞。)I didn’t know when Jerry would come,but when he came I would let you know.(我不知道杰瑞什么时候来,但他来了我会告诉你。)(5)现在进行时/过去进行时表示将来有些词如go(去),come(来),leave(离开),start(开始)用现在进行时或者过去进行时表示将来。When is she coming?(她什么时候来呀?)I’m leaving tomorrow.(明天我要走了。)She told me she was coming to see me.(她告诉我她要来看我。)
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