中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力课件英语议论文要略(含详解)

这是一份中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力课件英语议论文要略(含详解)，共23页。PPT课件主要包含了名言名句题型等内容，欢迎下载使用。

议论文是用来论述某个道理、阐明某种观点的一种文体。它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来表达作者的见解和主张。议论文必须含有论点、论据、论证三要素。
I like reading Reading is my favrite hbby. I can never stp the lve fr reading because bks are like wise teachers as well as gd friends in my life. As we knw, bks are the surce f knwledge. I benefit a great deal frm reading. There are a variety f bks fr us t chse frm, like histry bks, science bks, literary bks and s n. But what interests me mst is literary bk, especially thse by famus writers. Fr ne thing, they help t imprve my writing skills and braden my hrizns. Fr anther, they can enrich my life and prvide me with great fun. Isn’t it a pleasure t have great calm in mind while yu are reading?
语篇要点分析：1. 论点鲜明，论据充实。论据和论证要围绕论点展开，适当发挥，使内容充实。根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两面来论述，增强论证的力度。议论文往往要求考生根据中心问题适当发挥，阐述自己的观点。2. 语言必须简练、准确，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。3. 注意篇章布局的合理性、逻辑性，要适当运用连接词。写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。
议论文的分类 议论文通常可分为：立论—支持—结论型议论文和立论—比较—结论型议论文。 立论—支持—结论即我们通常所说的推理法。此类型的议论文一般有引子、正文和结论三部分。引子部分开门见山，提出论点。要求简洁明了、观点鲜明，切忌篇幅过长、拖泥带水。正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进行严密的论证，做到言之有物、言之有理。最后根据前面的论证得出结论，回归到开始的论点。
In ur mdern life, punctuality is ne f the mst imprtant qualities that any ne shuld pssess. Punctuality demnstrates that yu are reliable and can be trusted with respnsibilities. Besides, it can make ne a gd persn. And if yu are nt punctual, yu may bring incnvenience t thers. We shuld practice punctuality fr the sake f thers, as well as urselves. Washingtn was remarkable fr this virtue. When he was a little by, his mther taught him t d everything at the appinted time. In his later life, this habit helped t make him a great man. Withut it, he culd never have made such success. In a wrd, if we frm the habit f punctuality at schl, it will be f great advantage t us in ur future life.
用于句首提出论题或现象的常用句式
We had a heated discussin abut… Recently, …has becme the fcus f the sciety. …has been playing an increasingly imprtant rle in ur sciety. Nwadays there is a grwing cncern fr… Nwadays it is cmmn t hear/ see… …has becme a cmmn ccurrence in ur daily life.Nwadays mre and mre peple are beginning t be aware f the seriusness f…It is nly during the last/past few years that man has becme generally aware that…In recent years, there is a general tendency…Nwadays,…has becme a prblem we have t face.
用于正文表示列举的关联词或短语
First / Secnd (Next) / Third (Then) / Last (Finally) The first / The secnd / The third / The last (The final) Firstly / Secndly / Thirdly / Lastly (Finally) One / Anther / Still anther / The last The mst essential /mst imprtant / primary is… On the ne hand / On the ther hand Fr ne thing / Fr anther Furthermre; Mrever; What’s mre; In additin
用于表示例证的常用句型
Accrding t recent survey / study / reprt / research…Researchers have fund / prved / indicated / shwn / declared that… A prverb says…As the ld Chinese saying ges…It ges withut saying …N ne can deny that…There is n dubt that…
用于表示结论的常用句式及关联词或短语
Experience / All the facts suggest / shw / demnstrate / indicate that…Frm what has been discussed abve, we may cnclude that…Therefre, it is nt difficult t draw / cme t the cnclusin that…Frm all the reasns / cnsideratins abve, it is clear / bvius that…Taking all these int accunt, we may reach the cnclusin that…
Currently, self-cnfidence has been the fcus. This des demnstrate the thery——nthing is mre valuable than self-cnfidence. It is clear that self-cnfidence means trust in ne’s ability. If yu are self-cnfident, it will bring yur creative pwer t play, aruse yur enthusiasm fr wrk, and help yu vercme difficulties, as a result, yur dream will cme true. On the cntrary, if yu have n cnfidence in yurself, there is little pssibility that yu will achieve anything. Failure will be fllwing with yu. It turns ut that all yur plan falls thrugh. N ne can deny the fact that self-cnfidence gives yu light when yu are in dark and encuragement when yu are dismayed. Yu dn’t have t lk very far t find ut the truth, fr we all knw the secret f success lies in perseverance and self-cnfidence, the latter in particular. With reference t my standpint, I think he wh has self-cnfidence will have what he wants.
立论—比较—结论型议论文的结构是：先提出某问题有两种不同观点，先讨论第一种观点，然后讨论向相反的观点最后给出自己的想法。比如讨论打电话还是写信？有压力是好事还是坏事？失败是好事还是坏事？等等这种题型我们称之为对比观点题型。
Will Phnes Replace Letters? With the develpment f ecnmy, the phne has becme a remarkable feature f mdern life. It has gained such ppularity amng yung peple that sme peple begin t wnder if phnes will replace letters. Hwever, the attitudes twards this issue vary frm persn t persn. Sme peple firmly believe that the phne prvides us with s much cnvenience and pleasure that it will sner r later take ver the letter. Besides, it is even cheaper t call than t write. But ther peple pint ut that calligraphy is part f Chinese traditinal culture. Writing letters serves a gd way f preserving ur traditin. What’s mre, a letter seems t be a better way t express deep and heart-felt lve. There is sme truth in bth arguments. But I think phnes will replace letters because time is everything in this fast-paced sciety. It takes a lng time t write a letter while the phne is just ready at hand.
用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型Opinins are divided amng students.Sme peple like / prefer…,while thers are / feel inclined t…There are different pinins amng peple as t… sme believe…while thers hld…Sme peple claim that …is superir t….Others, hwever, disagree with it.Sme peple suggest….Others, hwever, hld the ppsite pinin.Sme peple argue that…Others, in cntrast, believe that…Althugh mre and mre peple cme t believe that…,there are still thers wh insist that…On the cntrary, there are peple in favur f…There are sme peple wh hld different pinins abut…
用于陈述个人观点或想法的常用句型My wn experience tells me that…In my pinin, we shuld attach mre imprtance t…As fr my wn idea abut…,I believe…As far as I am cncerned, I plan t…Persnally, I prefer…/ side with the latter pinin.In my view, bth sides are partly right in that…My wn pint f view is that…In cnclusin, I supprt the statement that…As regards f me, I tend t chse…Frm what has been mentined abve, we may see that there is sme truth in bth arguments. Persnally, I side with the latter pinin.
Stress is a cmmn ccurrence in ur lives. The attitudes tward this issue vary frm persn t persn. Sme peple are in favr f the idea f leading a busy and stressful life. They pint ut the fact that a certain amunt f stress is vital t prvide mtivatin and challenge, and t give purpse and significance t an therwise meaningless, idle life. They als argue that peple under stress tend t express their full range f ptential. Hwever, ther peple stand n a different grund. They firmly pint ut that the stresses and strains f wrk will rb them f jy and happiness and d them harm bth physically and mentally. There is sme truth in bth arguments. But I think the advantages f stress verweigh the disadvantages. Stress is a natural part f everyday life and there is n way t avid it. What we can d is t develp ur adaptive abilities t deal with it rather than t escape frm it.
Recently we have had a discussin abut whether an entrance fee shuld be charged fr parks. There are tw ppsite pinins abut it. 60% f the students supprt the pint that fees shuld be charged fr parks, because they need mney t pay gardeners and ther wrkers. Mrever, buying plants and yung trees als need a lt f mney. On the ther hand, 40% disagree. In their pinin, peple need a place where they can rest and enjy themselves. Charging entrance fees will n dubt keep sme peple away. Besides, it will becme necessary t build gates and walls, which will d harm t the appearance f the city. Persnally, I think an entrance fee shuld be charged fr parks. Hwever, fees shuld be charged lw.
对比观点题型还可以首先给出一个观点，说明持该观点者的理由；然后说明自己反对该观点，并列举几点理由。
Sme students believe that cheating in the examinatin is reasnable. Fr example, they think they have t many examinatins, which are t difficult fr them. And if they cheat in the examinatin, they will get better result t please their parents and teachers. In my pinin, this reasn can never be the pint. Fr ne thing, it breaks the rules f schls t cheat in the examinatin. Fr anther thing, we students shuld be hnest and try t get gd results by studying hard instead f cheating in the examinatin. What’s mre, we shuld imprve ur learning methds and get well prepared fr the examinatins. Frm all that I have said, I agree t the thught that students shuld be frbidden t cheat in the examinatin.
解决问题题型 学会如何解决问题是每个学生应该掌握的本领。像“如何充分利用时间”、“怎样保护环境”等。基本结构是：1. 问题现状和严重性；2. 怎样解决（不同解决方案的优缺点）；3. 我对解决该问题很有信心。
In recent years, we have t face a prblem that many students have pr eyesight. The situatin is becming mre and mre serius. As we knw, it is imprtant fr everyne t keep gd eyesight. We shuld take a series f effective measures t cpe with the prblem. Fr ne thing, dn’t keep yur eyes wrking fr a lng time. Yu’d better have a rest after yu have studied an hur r s. Fr anther, take gd care f yur eyes. Dn’t read in the sun r in a pr light. Dn’t read in bed r n a mving bus. Finally, d eye exercises every day. It will als help yu keep gd eyesight. Persnally, I believe nly if yu bey the rules abve can yu prevent yur eyesight frm becming shrt-sighted.
说明利弊题型 针对这种题型，我们先说明一下现状，再对比两种情况的利弊，有时也可单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后要表明自己的态度（或对事物的前景提出预测）。文章的基本结构是：1. 说明现状；2. 优缺点比较（或一方面）；3. 你对现状或前景的看法。
Nwadays many yungsters prefer t g nline in their spare time. Generally, its advantages can be seen as fllws: first, thrugh the Internet, they can gain new knwledge and the latest news at hme and abrad. Besides, netwrk ffers them a cnvenient way t cmmunicate with each ther. The Internet makes their life utside class clurful. But every cin has tw sides. The negative aspects are als apparent. One f the imprtant disadvantages is that sme students prefer t play cmputer games instead f studying their lessns. T make matters wrse, there are sme students wh are ften absent frm schl fr days. Thrugh the abve analysis, I believe that the psitive aspects utweigh the negative nes. Therefre, I wuld like t g nline in my spare time.
社会问题（或现象）式议论文 本题型就是先列出一个具体的社会问题或者现象；然后分析产生的原因和产生的影响；然后提出解决办法；最后预测前景。
Nwadays, there exists a cmmn phenmenn—with the develpment f the Internet, mre and mre peple tend t send electrnic cards instead f paper nes t their friends and relatives when an imprtant hliday cmes. There are a cuple f reasns behind this phenmenn. Fr ne thing, cmpared with the traditinal cards, electrnic cards are mre lively and interesting. They can give nt nly pictures but als sund and animatin. Fr anther, there are many websites nline which ffer varieties f cards fr yu t chse frm. What is mre, with the ppularity f the e-cards, less paper is used in making paper cards, which des gd t ur envirnment. In shrt, there are many advantages f using e-cards. I hpe that sending greetings by using e-cards will be accepted by mre and mre peple, nt nly the yung nes.
近几年命题人员常给出一句或几句英语提示，要求学生结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。针对这种题型，需细读名言名句，深刻体会它所包含的哲理，并精选事例加以说明。
例： 请你以谚语“Haste Makes Waste”（欲速则不达）为题，按下列要求用英语写一篇短文。1. 谈谈你的看法和理解；2. 举例说明理由。