10 人工智能-2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-人工智能

01

（2022·江西·贵溪市实验中学高三开学考试）You might have seen the news about the first robot ever to get a citizenship of a country. Her name is Sophia. She has become a citizen of Saudi Arabia.

Sophia is the latest robot from Hanson Robotics, a HongKong-based company, and she was designed to interact (互动) with people, go into the world, learn and be a smart and compassionate (富有同情心的) robot. The creator and founder of Hanson Robotics, Dr David Hanson, wanted to incorporate three human features to his robots, with the three, being creativity, empathy (同理心) and compassion. This is, of course, the addition to their most important role-solving difficult problems and working with people to create a better world.

As for Sophia, she is by far the most advanced (高级的) robot that came out of the company. Her human features are what make her so easy to fall in love with. As for the looks, they included an Audrey Hepburn’s beauty. Besides being very popular in the media, Sophia got a chance to meet and be interviewed by important people in different industries.

Sophia is developed to have a sense of humour. She can express feelings, can make over 50 facial expressions and wants to protect humans. Thanks to cameras and an advanced AI software, Sophia can keep an eye contact and is able to recognize people.

Sophia gave a speech while being honored as a citizen of Saudi Arabia. She showed thankfulness, saying, “I am very honored and proud. It is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship.”

1．What can we know about Sophia according to the passage?

A．She is a kind of human-like robot.

B．She got a citizenship of China.

C．She became a designer of the latest robot.

D．She created the company Hanson Robotics.

2．What does the underlined word incorporate probably mean in Chinese?

A．启示 B．合作 C．拓宽 D．融入

3．What can we infer from the third paragraph?

A．Sophia set a robot sales record.

B．Sophia is loved by the public.

C．Sophia made Saudi Arabia her home.

D．Sophia became a star in the film industry.

02

（2022·四川·射洪中学高二开学考试）British shoppers buy 2.15million tonnes of clothing and shoes annually, yet UK citizens have an estimated￡30 billion worth of unused clothing gathering dust at the back of the wardrobe(衣柜). But new technology could see the end of that, with the clothes themselves giving owners a gentle reminder of their existence.

“Smart clothes” could help us clear out our wardrobes by sending messages or tweeting us if they haven’t been worn for a good while. If these alerts are ignored, the clothes will get in touch with a clothing charity and ask to be reused, with an organization automatically sending out donation information. They could also be programmed to put themselves up for auction(拍卖) on eBay.

Academics at Birmingham City University are developing the “connected wardrobe” to encourage more suitable clothes consumption. The concept sees clothes tagged (给……加标签) using washable contactless technology.

Mark Brill, senior lecturer at Birmingham City University, said, “Think of the surprise when an owner suddenly receives bids for items that they didn’t know were in their wardrobe.” “The connected wardrobe is a practical, pleasant concept to encourage people to think about their clothing consumption(消费）.Finally, I hope it will encourage more appropriate fashion consumption,” he added. “Perhaps we can even move away from the idea of ‘ownership’ of clothing. When we’ve worn them enough, the items will pass themselves on to their next keeper. ”

It follows in the footsteps of the “Internet of Things” — a concept that sees ordinary household items connecting to the Internet in order to share information. From adjusting your alarm clock to monitoring the temperature of your home, the Internet is changing the way we live. Now, the “Internet of Clothes” will see that neglected clothes will tweet and text the owners “asking” to be worn depending on the weather and frequency of wear. Clothes will keep track of other information such as who owned them previously, as well as how much they originally cost, who made them and how much the worker was paid for them.

4．What does the author say about “smart clothes”?

A．They may be donated on eBay. B．They have gained in popularity.

C．They give warnings if worn out. D．They may be recycled if long forgotten.

5．How does Mark Brill find the “connected wardrobe”?

A．It helps people buy cheaper clothes. B．It contributes to right consumption attitudes.

C．It changes people’s shopping habits. D．It improves people’s consumer confidence.

6．What is indicated in the last paragraph?

A．Clothes can be a source of information. B．Weather affects the connected wardrobe.

C．Clothes are sold online at a low price. D．The Internet is a platform to share items.

7．What can be the best title of the passage?

A．Smart clothes: A change of wardrobe

B．Smart clothes : A replacement of traditional clothes.

C．Smart clothes: A reminder of weather.

D．Smart clothes : A recorder of life.

03

（2022·河南省上蔡第一高级中学高三开学考试）Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are prisoners of their own bodies, unable to perform the slightest movement. Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. “Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.”

Professor Billard carried out a study with Professor José del R.Millan. They have developed a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals sent out by a patient’s brain. No voice control or touch function is needed, patients can move the robot simply with their thoughts. This involved developing an algorithm (运算法则) that could adjust the robot’s movements based only on a patient’s thoughts.

To use the system, all the patient needs to do is to look at the robot. If the robot makes an incorrect move, the patient’s brain will send an “error message” through a clearly identifiable signal, as if the patient is saying “No, not like that.” The robot will then understand that what it’s doing is wrong. The process goes pretty quickly — only three to five attempts are usually needed for the robot to figure out the right response and achieve the patient’s wishes.

“The robot’s AI program can learn rapidly, but you have to tell it when it makes a mistake so that it can correct its behavior,” says Professor Millán. “Developing the detection technology for error signals was one of the biggest technical difficulties we faced.” Iason Batzianoula, the study’s lead author, adds, “What was particularly difficult in our study was linking a patient’s brain activity to the robot's control system — or in other words, ‘translating’ a patient’s brain signals into actions performed by the robot.”

8．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?

A．To attract more researchers. B．To introduce the topic of this text.

C．To state the research of tetraplegia. D．To show sympathy for the patients.

9．How do the robots perform their task?

A．By sensing the touch. B．By monitoring computers.

C．By reading people’s thoughts. D．By following voice commands.

10．What did Iason Batzianoula think of the robot’s AI program?

A．Challenging. B．Cost-effective. C．Fruitless. D．Time-consuming.

11．What is the text mainly about?

A．The development of mind-controlled robots. B．The sufferings of the tetraplegia patients.

C．The complexity of the algorithm. D．The promising future of robots.

04

（2022·山东·威海市教育教学研究中心高二期末）If job seekers knew companies were using AI to fill open positions, would it stop them from applying for the job? The answer, according to a recent study, is yes — sometimes.

The researchers found that in certain instances, like the screening (筛选) of applications, participants usually accepted some degree of automation. But in other instances, like interviews, automation could stop job seekers from applying for a position.

Companies facing recent labor shortages are increasingly turning to AI as a way to facilitate and speed up the hiring process. AI can be used in tasks such as screening job candidates, checking professional licenses, and interviewing candidates.

The new research suggests that using AI in hiring could be quite opposite. For instance, in one part of the study, participants were shown fictional job postings and then asked if they intended to apply for the position. The researchers found that if the job posting said that AI was used both to screen applicants and to conduct interviews, participants’ intention to apply for the position averaged 2.77 on a six-point scale. If AI was used only for the screening process, participants’ intention to apply averaged 3.73.

In another experiment, the researchers also found that study participants saw pros and cons in the use of AI in interviewing. When told the hiring would be fully automated, some participants expected the whole hiring process to be more consistent (始终如一的) in its judgments. But others tended to believe that they had less voice in the final outcome. Overall, the study results suggest this concern tends to outweigh the appreciation of AI’s lack of bias (偏见) at the interviewing stage.

A mixed approach may be a way to get the best of both worlds. Participants may have been more open to automation earlier in the hiring process because they could see some benefits from using AI — such as less-biased decisions. But during the later stages applicants expect personal interaction, to give them an opportunity to sell themselves and to learn more about the company.

12．Why do companies increasingly turn to AI in hiring?

A．To attract more applicants. B．To boost hiring process.

C．To pick out top candidates. D．To solve labor shortages.

13．In which part do participants prefer automation?

A．Screening job candidates. B．Interviewing candidates.

C．Grading professional licenses. D．Predicting final outcomes.

14．What does the underlined part refer to in Paragraph 5?

A．Less AI involvement. B．Lack of consistent judgments.

C．Less-biased decisions. D．Lack of personal interaction.

15．What’s the main idea of the text?

A．Hi-tech is a two-edged sword.

B．AI finds its way to hiring process.

C．Automation may discourage job seekers.

D．A mixed approach should be adopted in hiring.

05

（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）“Robots are ready to replace millions of humans in various industries. But they're nowhere close to being human-like,” said Blake Hannaford, a robotics professor at the University of Washington in Seattle.

So far, robots don't really look or act like the sensitive beings described throughout science fiction. Rather, these basic machines are tasked with carrying out simple tasks that promote productivity around the workplace or factory. We are still decades away from a future where robots carry out more difficult and meaningful tasks.

But other aspects continue to have a significant influence on robotics. Robots are already performing some human functions. In everyday terms, that means your smartphone can do more with the same battery life. It also means quicker advances in artificial intelligence—things like computer vision and natural language processing that help robots “see” and learn.

Going forward, Hannaford said, robots will “free up people's brains” to perform other, more complex tasks. “There’s going to be a lot of people who fall by the wayside,” he said of the countless jobs that will be automated or disappear entirely.

More than 120 million workers worldwide (11.5 million in the U.S.) will need retraining just in the next few years due to replacement caused by artificial intelligence and robots, according to a recent IBM Institute for Business Values study. Not all of them will get that retraining, of course, but the ones who do will be more likely to gain new types of jobs brought by the robot revolution.

But some experts say the more robots surpass humans, the more humans will be expected to keep up.

“The way we have to start thinking about robots is not as a threat, but as something that we can work with in a co-operative way,” Hannaford said. “A lot of it is changing our own attitudes.”

16．What can we infer from what Hannaford said?

A．Robots will help make life easier for all of us.

B．We'll see some jobs taken over entirely by robots.

C．Robots are at a stage of being human-like.

D．It is likely that we will be wiped out by robots.

17．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．Robots in science fiction closely resemble us.

B．Robots can carry out complex actions automatically.

C．Humans will be replaced by robots in the near future.

D．The development of robots has a long way to go.

18．What does the underlined word “surpass” in paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Complete fewer tasks than. B．Do better than.

C．Make more mistakes than. D．Get more retraining than.

19．What attitude should we have towards robots according to Hannaford?

A．Positive. B．Opposed.

C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.

参考答案：

1．A    2．D    3．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是有史以来第一个获得国家公民身份的机器人索菲亚。

1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Her human features are what make her so easy to fall in love with. As for the looks, they included an Audrey Hepburn’s beauty.(她的人性特征让她很容易被人爱上。至于外貌，它们包括了奥黛丽·赫本的美貌。)”可知，索菲亚是一种类人机器人。故选A。

2．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“three human features to his robots, with the three, being creativity, empathy (同理心) and compassion(给他的机器人三个人类特征，即创造力、同理心和同情心)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“汉森机器人公司的创始人和创始人大卫·汉森博士想在他的机器人中加入三个人类特征，即创造力、同理心和同情心”，划线词的意思是“加入，融入”，故选D。

3．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Her human features are what make her so easy to fall in love with. As for the looks, they included an Audrey Hepburn’s beauty. Besides being very popular in the media, Sophia got a chance to meet and be interviewed by important people in different industries.(她的人性特征让她很容易被人爱上。至于外貌，包括奥黛丽·赫本的美貌。除了在媒体上非常受欢迎，Sophia还得到了与不同行业重要人士见面并接受采访的机会。)”可知，索菲亚深受大众喜爱。故选B。

4．D    5．B    6．A    7．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了物联网时代下，智能衣柜能够帮助清理我们衣柜里很久没穿的衣服，从而实现再循环。

4．细节理解题。根据第二段““Smart clothes” could help us clear out our wardrobes by sending messages or tweeting us if they haven’t been worn for a good while. If these alerts are ignored, the clothes will get in touch with a clothing charity and ask to be reused, with an organization automatically sending out donation information.They could also be programmed to put themselves up for auction(拍卖) on eBay. (“智能衣服”可以帮助我们清理衣柜，如果它们很久没穿了，就会发送信息或发推特给我们。如果这些警告被忽略，这些衣服将与服装慈善机构联系，要求被重新使用，该机构将自动发送捐赠信息。它们也可以被编程，在eBay上进行拍卖。)”可知，如果衣柜里的衣服长期被无视，衣服将与将与服装慈善机构联系或在eBay上进行拍卖，从而实现再循环。故选D项。

5．细节理解题。根据第四段第二三句““The connected wardrobe is a practical, pleasant concept to encourage people to think about their clothing consumption(消费). Finally, I hope it will encourage more appropriate fashion consumption,” he added. (“互联衣柜是一个实用、愉快的概念来鼓励人们思考他们的服装消费。最后，我希望它能鼓励更合理的时尚消费。”他补充道。)”可知，Mark Brill认为互联衣柜有助于鼓励正确的消费观。故选B项。

6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“It follows in the footsteps of the “Internet of Things” — a concept that sees ordinary household items connecting to the Internet in order to share information. (它追随了“物联网”的脚步，物联网的概念是将普通的家庭用品连接到互联网以共享信息。)”和最后一句“Clothes will keep track of other information such as who owned them previously, as well as how much they originally cost, who made them and how much the worker was paid for them.(衣服还会记录其他信息，比如谁以前拥有它们，它们的原价是多少，谁制造了它们，以及工人为它们支付了多少工资。)”可知，物联网时代下的“互联衣柜”可以记录衣服的相关信息，并共享。故选A项。

7．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句““Smart clothes” could help us clear out our wardrobes by sending messages or tweeting us if they haven’t been worn for a good while. (“智能衣服”可以帮助我们清理衣柜，如果它们很久没穿了，就会发送信息或发推特给我们。)”可知，本文讲的是智能衣柜能够清理我们衣柜里很久没穿的衣服，是传统衣柜的改变。故选A项。

8．B    9．C    10．A    11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了研究人员正在研发一款机器人，它通过接受四肢瘫痪的患者的大脑信号而动作，帮助那些患者完成一些任务，过程中遭遇了技术困难。

8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are prisoners of their own bodies, unable to perform the slightest movement. Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. ‘Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.’ (四肢瘫痪患者是自己身体的囚徒，不能做最轻微的动作。研究人员多年来一直致力于开发能够帮助这些患者自主完成一些任务的系统。‘机器人的帮助可以帮助这些人恢复一些失去的能力，因为机器人可以代替他们执行任务。’)”可知，文章第一段的目的是引出本文的话题“能帮助四肢瘫痪的患者完成一些任务的机器人”。故选B项。

9．细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“They have developed a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals sent out by a patient’s brain. No voice control or touch function is needed, patients can move the robot simply with their thoughts. (他们开发了一种计算机程序，可以利用病人大脑发出的电信号来控制机器人。不需要语音控制或触摸功能，患者只需用意念移动机器人。)”可知，病人通过自己的思维控制机器人的动作，即机器人理解了病人的想法就会做出相应的操作。故选C项。

10．推理判断题。根据最后一段Batzianoula说的话“‘Developing the detection technology for error signals was one of the biggest technical difficulties we faced.’ Iason Batzianoula, the study’s lead author,adds, ‘What was particularly difficult in our study was linking a patient’s brain activity to the robot’s control system —or in other words, ‘translating’ a patient’s brain signals into actions performed by the robot.’ (‘开发错误信号检测技术是我们面临的最大技术困难之一。’该研究的主要作者Iason Batzianoula补充说：“在我们的研究中，特别困难的是将患者的大脑活动与机器人的控制系统联系起来，换句话说，将患者的大脑信号‘翻译’成机器人执行的动作。’)”可知，Iason Batzianoula认为这款机器人的人工智能程序的开发富于挑战性。故选A项。

11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，尤其是第一段第二句开始“Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. ‘Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.’ (研究人员多年来一直致力于开发能够帮助这些患者自主完成一些任务的系统。‘机器人的援助可以帮助这些人恢复一些失去的能力，因为机器人可以代替他们执行任务。’)”可知，文本主要讲述了正在研发的一款机器人，四肢瘫痪的病人可以用大脑控制它，它能理解瘫痪病人的思维，并做出相应的回应。故选A项。

12．B    13．A    14．D    15．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公司正在使用人工智能填补空缺职位，但人工智能可能会阻碍求职者申请职位。

12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Companies facing recent labor shortages are increasingly turning to AI as a way to facilitate and speed up the hiring process. (最近面临劳动力短缺的公司越来越多地将人工智能作为促进和加快招聘过程的一种方式)”可知，越来越多的公司在招聘时求助于人工智能是为了促进招聘流程。故选B。

13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers found that in certain instances, like the screening of applications, participants usually accepted some degree of automation. (研究人员发现，在某些情况下，比如筛选应用程序，参与者通常会接受某种程度的自动化)”可知，参与者在筛选求职者时更喜欢自动化。故选A。

14．词句猜测题。根据文章画线部分上文“But others tended to believe that they had less voice in the final outcome. (但其他人倾向于认为，他们在最终结果中没有多少发言权)”以及下文“tends to outweigh the appreciation of AI’s lack of bias at the interviewing stage (往往超过了对人工智能在面试阶段缺乏偏见的评价)”可推知，画线部分“this concern”指代的是上文提到的人们所担忧的事情，即使用人工智能进行面试时，他们会在最终结果中没有多少发言权，即缺乏人际互动。故选D。

15．主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“If job seekers knew companies were using AI to fill open positions, would it stop them from applying for the job? The answer, according to a recent study, is yes — sometimes. (如果求职者知道公司正在使用人工智能填补空缺职位，这会阻止他们申请这份工作吗？根据最近的一项研究，答案是肯定的——有时是)”可推知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能求职可能会阻碍求职者申请职位。故选C。

16．B    17．D    18．B    19．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人和机器人技术的未来以及对人类的影响。

16．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Robots are ready to replace millions of humans in various industries. (机器人已经准备好在各个行业取代数百万人。)”以及第四段的“he said of the countless jobs that will be automated or disappear entirely.(他说，无数的工作将被自动化或完全消失。)”可知，机器人已经准备好取代不同行业的数百万人，我们将看到一些工作完全被机器人所取代，故选B。

17．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We are still decades away from a future where robots carry out more difficult and meaningful tasks.(我们离机器人执行更困难和更有意义的任务的未来还有几十年。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了机器人的发展还有很长的路要走，故选D。

18．词句猜测题。根据后文“the more humans will be expected to keep up.(预计会有更多的人跟上。)”可知，人类要跟上机器人的步伐，即机器人超过了人类，做的比人类好，故选B。

19．判断推理题。根据第七段的“The way we have to start thinking about robots is not as a threat, but as something that we can work with in a co-operative wa.(我们开始思考机器人的方式不是威胁，而是我们可以合作的方式)”可知，Hannaford对待机器人的态度是积极的，人类应当与机器人共同合作让生活变得更好而不是把机器人当成威胁，故选A。