上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题02 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

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模拟演练2： 2023上海名校高中自主招生英语



一、语法
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】试题解析：A. Once 一旦B. If 如果 C. Although 尽管 D. Because 因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有一些其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。

2. Every morning he spends________ hour doing exercise, then he goes to________ work.
A. a ;a B. an; / C. a; / D. an; the
2. B【详解】考查冠词。句意：他每天早上花一小时锻炼身体，然后去上班。根据句意，第一个空表示数量“一”，此处表示“一个小时”，应用不定冠词，且hour以元音音素开头，所以用an，第二个空用固定搭配go to work“去工作”，所以work前用零冠词，故选B。

3. "You __ have a wrong number," she said. "There's no one of that name here. "
A. need B. can C. must D. would
3. C【详解】考查情态动词。句意：“你一定打错了电话号码，”她说。“这里没有那个名字。”从“There's no one of that name here.”可知“你一定弄错号码了”。此处表示“肯定的推测”，故用must。A.need需要；B.can可能；C.must一定；D.would会。can常表示一种 “理论上的”可能性，need显然不正确，would一般不表推测。故选C。

4. Yesterday I broke my favourite watch, and now I have to get it________.
A. repaired B. repairing C. repair D. to repair
4. A【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我把我最喜欢的手表弄坏了，现在我不得不去修理它。分析句子结构可知，此处用到get+宾语+宾语补足语，且宾语it也就是“手表”和repair“修理”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故选A。

5. My parents________ in Shandong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere, else.
A. lived B. will live C. were living D. live
5. D【详解】考查时态。句意：我的父母住在山东。他们出生在那里，从未在其他地方生活过。此空是句子谓语动词，根据句意，可知此处表示经常性的动作，也是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时态，主语是复数，所以用live，故选D。

6. The money will be used to help the people________ homes were lost in the earthquake.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
6. B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这笔钱将用于帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人们。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰名词homes，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选B。

7. Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A. were displaying B. are displaying
C. were being displayed D. are being displayed
7. D【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。

8. Mr. Black walked around and offered help________ we were doing an experiment.
A. while B. although C. until D. unless
8. A【详解】考查从属连词。句意：当我们做实验时，布莱克先生四处走动并提供帮助。A. while当……时；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D. unless如果不，除非。根据主句“Mr. Black walked around and offered help（布莱克先生四处走动并提供帮助）”和从句“we were doing an experiment（我们正在做实验）”可知，此处使用连词while“当……时”引导时间状语从句。故选A。

9. ________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team shouted happily.
A. To throw B. Throwing C. Thrown D. Being thrown
9. B【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：获胜队的球迷们把帽子抛向空中，高声欢呼。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词shouted，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词throw与主句主语the fans之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语。故选B。

10. We live in an age________ more information is available more easily than ever before.
A. why B. to whom C. when D. on which
10. C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。分析句子结构和句意可知，此空引导定语从句，先行词是age，表示时间，从句结构完整，先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以此从句用关系副词when引导；也可用介词加关系代词引导，根据常用搭配in an age，可知介词选择in，age指物，关系代词用which，可用in which引导，结合选项，故选C。

11. --- Did you tidy your room?
--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.
A. had B. have C. have had D. will have
11答案：A
解析：根据所提供的情景“I was going to tidy my room”可判断出要用一般过去时，表示过去所发生的事。一般现在时表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。现在完成时表示已经完成动作或从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去”；都与所提供的情境矛盾。

12. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
--- Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
12答案：C
解析：“must have + 动词+ed形式”表示“一定做了某事”。根据所提供的情景“Guess what! I have got A for my team paper.”可判断出一定进行了广泛阅读并做了大量工作。must意为“一定，必须”，后接动词原形表示“一定或必须做某事”。should意为“应该”，后接动词原形表示“应该做某事”。都是对对方的要求。“should have + 动词+ed形式”表示“本来应该做某事，而没有做”，常用于表示责备。

13. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
13答案：D
解析：that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。“...we sleep because our brain is” programmed “to make us to so”是一个完整的句子，所以要用that引导。when和where在表语从句中作状语，分别表示“在……的时候”和“在……地方”。whether意为“是否”。

14. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
14答案：C
解析：preserve 意为“保持,保存”，根据所提供的情景at minus 130℃可判断出表示“至少在零下130℃，活体细胞才能被保存1000年。spare意为“节约,节省，分让,提供”；protect意为“保护”；develop意为“发展,发达,发扬,进步”。
15. As a new diplomat. he often thinks of ______ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
15.【答案】Ｄ
【解析】主要测试连词。此题同上面的第３７题，解题关键：主要考虑句子中缺少什么成分。译文：作为一名新的外交官，他经常考虑对这种情况如何做出更加适合的反映。句子中缺少的应该是状语，而且四个答案充当的句子成分也各不相同，故此选how最佳。



二、 词汇填空
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．contribute   B．global   C．bringing   D．originally  E. concerned  F. seeking
G. features  H. power  I. positions  J. engineered  K. regularly
When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a(n) ___1____ leader in innovation. According to the World Economic Forum’s global Competitiveness Report 2016 - 2017, Israel is the second most innovative nation in the world, just after Switzerland.
Many of us may not be aware, but technologies ___2____ in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software that protects our computers was ___3____ developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, ____4____ on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.
So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength to ___5____ the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. As long as Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to ___6____ to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.
Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, ____7____ Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.
Founded on very dry land, Israel had been ____8____ about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel have been improved, with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.
In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students ____9____ quality higher education in Israel. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in ____10____ to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma After-man, manager of Israel - China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.

【答案】
1．B    2．J    3．D    4．G    5．H    6．A    7．C    8．E    9．F    10．I
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了以色列是仅次于瑞士的世界上创新能力第二强的国家。以色列的技术已经改变了我们的生活；以色列计划利用其创新的力量来推动与中国在“一带一路”的合作；许多以色列环保技术公司已经在山东省设立了设施，将以色列的技术引进到许多地区。
1．考查形容词。句意：然而，以色列也是创新领域的全球领导者。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词leader，应用形容词作定语，global“全球的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。
2．考查动词。句意：我们中的许多人可能没有意识到，但以色列设计的技术已经改变了我们的生活。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，engineered“设计制造”是动词的过去分词形式，作后置定语修饰名词technologies，符合句意。故选J项。
3．考查副词。句意：例如，据《每日电讯报》报道，保护我们电脑的防病毒软件最初是在20世纪70年代在以色列开发的。分析句子结构，空处修饰动词developed，应用副词形式作状语，originally“起初”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。
4．考查名词。句意：此外，我们手机上的语音邮件和短信等功能也是以色列研发的。分析句子结构，空处作句子主语，且谓语动词使用were developed，主语应用名词的复数形式，features“为实现某功能而具有的特性”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。
5．考查动词。句意：因此，以色列计划利用其创新力量推动与中国在“一带一路”倡议中的合作就不足为奇了。结合语意，以色列计划利用其创新力量是为了推动与中国在“一带一路”倡议中的合作，所以应用不定式结构作目的状语，空前已经出现to，空处应用动词原形形式，power“推动”是动词原形形式，符合句意。故选H项。
6．考查动词。句意：据新华社报道，以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）3月访问中国时表示，只要以色列被需要，它将不遗余力地为该项目做出贡献。spare no effort to do sth.为固定结构，表示“不遗余力做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形形式，contribute“贡献”为动词原形，符合句意。故选A项。
7．考查动词。句意：据《以色列时报》报道，许多以色列环境技术公司已经在山东省建立了设施，将以色列的技术应用于许多领域，如农业用水的循环利用。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，bringing“带来”是动词现在分词形式，与逻辑主语Many Israeli environmental technology companies之间是主动关系，作句子状语，符合句意。故选C项。
8．考查形容词。句意：以色列建立在非常干燥的土地上，很长一段时间以来一直为水而担心。结合语意，以色列建在干燥的土地上，所以以色列会为水而担心，concerned“担心的”为形容词，作句子表语，符合句意。故选E项。
9．考查动词。句意：事实上，这些创新已经导致越来越多的中国学生在以色列寻求高质量的高等教育。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，seeking“寻求”是动名词形式，作介词to的宾语，符合句意。故选F项。
10．考查名词。句意：当在这里学习的中国学生回国后，他们将能够影响未来的中以关系。分析句子结构，空处用于介词in之后，应用名词形式作宾语，positions“位置”是名词，in positions to为固定搭配，表示“处于可以……的位置，有能力……”，符合句意。故选I项。


三、完形填空

It’s been five years since I came to America. The year before I arrived, every weekend I was woken up by “Spring River in the Flower Moon Night”, ____1____ by my mother on a Zheng.
My mom was always enchanted (着迷) by the beauty of Chinese traditional music, ____2____ she never had the chance to learn a(n) ____3____. In 2009, she got a Zheng from a friend and has been playing and performing ever since. Sometimes when I ____4____ her, I search for the song she used to play on the Internet. I ____5____ expected to hear them here in Boston.
Earlier this year, as I ____6____ a new apartment, I met Zhan Tao Lin. the director of the Boston Chinese Musicians Association. At Lin’s house, I heard the ____7____ of the erhu. Lin later ____8____ me to his music team and I heard then rehearse (排练) for a ____9____ this year. It was beautiful and powerful—it _____10_____ brought me back to my hometown in China.
1．A．played B．directed C．written D．invented
2．A．and B．but C．or D．so
3．A．trade B．instrument C．language D．trick
4．A．mention B．hate C．call D．miss
5．A．only B．still C．never D．already
6．A．looked after B．looked at C．looked up D．looked for
7．A．sound B．story C．name D．cry
8．A．followed B．ordered C．introduced D．guided
9．A．competition B．performance C．game D．conference
10．A．secretly B．recently C．suddenly D．usually

【答案】
1．A    2．B    3．B    4．D    5．C    6．D    7．A    8．C    9．B    10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了受妈妈的影响，作者非常喜欢中国古典音乐，在波士顿找房的时候遇到华人音乐家协会会长，并把作者介绍给他的音乐团队，让他有机会再次感受中国音乐的魅力。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我来的前一年，每个周末我都被妈妈用古筝演奏的《花月夜春江》吵醒。A. played弹奏；B. directed指导；C. written写作；D. invented发明。根据上文“The year before I arrived, every weekend I was woken up by “Spring River in the Flower Moon Night””可知是我妈妈用古筝演奏的的曲子，故选A。
2．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈总是被中国传统音乐的美迷住，但她从来没有机会学习一种乐器。A. and并且；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据“she never had the chance to learn a(n)”可知上下文是转折关系，故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. trade交易；B. instrument乐器；C. language语言；D. trick窍门。根据下文“In 2009, she got a Zheng from a friend”可知我妈妈从来没有机会学习一种乐器，故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候我想她的时候，就会在网上搜索她曾经演奏过的曲子。A. mention提到；B. hate憎恨；C. call叫；D. miss想念。根据下文“I search for the song she used to play on the Internet”可知是我想念我妈妈的时候，故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我从没想过会在波士顿听到。A. only仅仅；B. still仍然；C. never从不；D. already已经。根据文章开头“It’s been five years since I came to America.”可知作者搬到了美国，所以从未想过会在波士顿听这样的曲子，故选C。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年早些时候，在我找新公寓的时候，我遇到了林占涛。A. looked after照顾；B. looked at查看；C. looked up查找；D. looked for寻找。根据下文“a new apartment”可知是在波士顿找住处，故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在林家，我听到了二胡的声音。A. sound声音；B. story故事；C. name名字；D. cry哭。根据下文“erhu”，可知是听到了二胡的声音。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，林把我介绍给了他的音乐团队，我听到他们在为今年的一场演出排练。A. followed跟随；B. ordered命令；C. introduced介绍；D. guided指导。根据下文“I heard then rehearse (排练)”可知林把我介绍给了他的音乐团队，所以我才能听到他们的排练，故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. competition竞赛；B. performance表演；C. game游戏；D. conference会议。根据上文“Lin later 　　8　　 me to his music team and I heard then rehearse (排练)”可知是音乐团队的演出排练，故选B。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它是美丽的和强大的——它突然把我带回我在中国的家乡。A. secretly秘密地；B. recently最近；C. suddenly突然地；D. usually通常地。根据上文“It was beautiful and powerful”可知听到美妙的曲子，突然把我带回了家乡，勾起了思乡之情，故选C。



四、阅读理解

A
Engineers and scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a unique solution to help people in these areas get clean drinking water.
They developed a low-cost gel film(凝胶膜) that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate. Just one kilogram of gel can absorb up to six liters of water in a dry climate. For those living in a climate with relative humidity(潮湿), one kilogram of gel can collect up to 13 liters of water a day. As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.
Previously, researchers have harvested fresh water from fog and dew, but that only serves areas with high humidity. Other attempts at pulling water from desert air consume lots of energy and do not produce much. In fact, this gel is a big improvement from previous water harvesting technologies. The maximum water harvested has been 5.87 liters in places with relative humidity. This new gel doubles this amount, uses no energy and is simple to operate and it can be molded into a shape or size that best suits the user.
“This new work is about practical solutions that people can use to get water in the hottest, driest places on Earth,” said Guihua Yu, professor at the Cockrell School of Engineering. “This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices(取水装置)at home that they can easily operate.”
“This is not something you need an advanced degree to use,” the paper’s lead author, Youhong “Nancy” Guo said. “It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.” Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the production, making this technology a practicable solution to drought.
1．What do we know about the gel film from paragraph 2?
A．It can increase the humidity of the air.
B．It can harvest drinking water from the air.
C．It has been widely applied in desert areas.
D．It costs lots of money and energy to produce.
2．What is Guihua Yu’s attitude towards the new water-harvesting method?
A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical.
C．Disapproving. D．Hopeful.
3．What does the underlined word “straightforward” in last paragraph mean?
A．easy. B．straight. C．frank . D．cheap
4．What will scientists plan to do next?
A．Develop a thicker gel.
B．Produce the gel on a large scale.
C．Raise money for further research.
D．Teach people to make the gel at home.

【答案】1．B    2．D    3．A    4．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师和科学家开发了一种独特的解决方案，帮助这些地区的人们获取清洁的饮用水。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They developed a low-cost gel film(凝胶膜) that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate. Just one kilogram of gel can absorb up to six liters of water in a dry climate. As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.（他们研发了一种低成本的凝胶膜，这种凝胶膜即使在干燥的气候下也能从空气中吸水。在干燥的气候中，仅一公斤的凝胶就能吸收6升的水。因为这种凝胶价格低且易于制作，它可以为缺水国家提供饮用水。）”可知，这种凝胶膜可以从空气中获取饮用水，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““This new work is about practical solutions that people can use to get water in the hottest, driest places on Earth,” said Guihua Yu, professor at the Cockrell School of Engineering. “This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices(取水装置)at home that they can easily operate.”（科克雷尔工程学院的教授Guihua Yu说道：‘这一新发明是很实用的解决方法，地球上最热最干燥的地区的人们可以使用这个方法来获取水。这能让无法一直拥有饮用水的百万人在家就可以简单地操作这一取水装置。’）”可知，认为，Guihua Yu这一新的取水装置能满足无法获取饮用水的人的需求，故他对这一取水设备是充满希望的，故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段““This is not something you need an advanced degree to use,” the paper’s lead author, Youhong “Nancy” Guo said. “It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.”（ Youhong “Nancy” Guo说道：‘这并不是需要你有高级学位才能使用的东西，它很简单，以至于如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作’。）”中straightforward一词的前后文的提示“This is not something you need an advanced degree to use（这并不是需要你有高级学位才能使用的东西）”“anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.（如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作）”可知，这一设备是任何人都能制作出来的，故此处的“straightforward”与A项“easy简单的”意思相近，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the production, making this technology a practicable solution to drought.（科学家们正计划制作一个更厚的凝胶，以提高产量，使这项技术成为解决干旱的可行方案。）”可知，科学家们接下来会计划研发一个更厚的凝胶，故选A。

B
For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具)could reveal much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon.
The fork’s path to the table was hard-won and slow. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire.
Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St.Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “luxury”.
The fork’s slow conquest of Europe was carried out from Italy. Motivated by the same concerns for hygiene(卫生)，forks were bought by wealthy Britons，inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners.
The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 inSocial Eriquere，Maud C．Cooke declared the fork had finally conquered the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance at table is looked upon as an offense(冒犯)against good taste.”
5．What can we learn about forks from paragraph1?
A．They were used improperly in the 18th century.
B．They had many different types in the 19th century.
C．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century.
D．They led to North American’s rise in social position.
6．What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt?
A．To eat food. B．To decorate tables.
C．To cut food. D．To create works of art.
7．Who was against the use of forks?
A．St.Peter Damian. B．Thomas Coryate.
C．Queen Victoria D．Maud C．Cooke.
8．What marked the beginning of the fork’s introduction to North America?
A．The appearance of flatware
B．The start of the Industrial Revolution.
C．John Winthrop receiving forks as presents.
D．Maud C．Cooke writing Social Etiquette.

【答案】5．B    6．C    7．A    8．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了叉子的演变以及在不同时期的使用。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具)could reveal much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything.（对于19世纪晚期的北美和欧洲来说，餐具的摆放能展示一个人的社会地位，因为有钱人非常小心地为所有的东西准备了不同种类的叉子。）”可知，在19世纪，叉子有着不同的类型，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire.（在古埃及、希腊和罗马，叉子被用来将食物切片，或者从锅里和火里将肉取出。）”可知，在古埃及，叉子是用来切割食物的，故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the late 11th century, St.Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “luxury”.（在11世纪末，奥斯蒂亚的St.Peter Damian写了一篇关于拜占庭公主使用叉子的文章，并将她死于疾病视为这种“奢侈”的惩罚。）”可知，St.Peter Damian是反对使用叉子的，故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks.（叉子被引入到北美可以追溯到1633年，当时马萨诸塞湾殖民地的创始人John Winthrop收到了一套叉子。）”可知，John Winthrop收到叉子的礼物，标志着叉子被引入北美，故选C。

C
Some people think if you are happy, you are blind to reality. But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain. How did we miss this? Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness? Because we assumed you were average. When we study people, scientists are often interested in what the average is.
Many people think happiness is genetic. That’s only half the story, because the average person does not fight their genes. When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers -- people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence -- a wildly different picture appears. Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success.
Scientifically, happiness is a choice. It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world. If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage.
I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits”. Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.
A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: increasing sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements.
9．The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A．the fact that people are happy
B．the connection between happiness and educational outcome
C．the fact that people often misunderstand happiness
D．the fact that most people are average
10．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Scientists are only interested in what the average is.
B．You can choose to be happy or not.
C．The average are not happy at all.
D．Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness.
11．Why does the writer mention his articles and research?
A．To advertise himself.
B．To arouse the readers’ interest.
C．To support his point about happiness.
D．To attract the readers to read his articles.
12．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A．To describe the misunderstandings about happiness.
B．To show people the importance of happiness.
C．To make the point of what business and educational outcome lies in.
D．To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome.

【答案】9．B    10．B    11．C    12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对“幸福”这一主题展开论述，论述了幸福感的提升对我们日常的经济业务与教育成果有重大益处。
9．词义猜测题。this应指代上文出现的内容。由文章第一段第二句“But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain.(但当我们对它进行研究时，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果)”可知，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果。故可推知，下文中的this指代的是上一句中幸福和教育结果之间的关系，故选B。
10．推理判断题。由第三段的“Scientifically, happiness is a choice.(科学地说，幸福是一种选择)”和“If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage.(如果你先看消极的一面，你的大脑真的没有余力去看你感激的事情或你工作的意义。但如果你从积极的角度审视这个世界，你就会开始获得惊人的优势)”可知，你如果心态消极，那么你就看不见你所感恩的东西，同样也看不到工作的意义。但是如果你积极的细看这个世界，你会开始获得令人意想不到的益处。通过这两种态度可以得出，幸福就是一个选择，你可以选择快乐你也可以选择悲伤，关键在于你自己，故选B。
11．推理判断题。由文章第四段第一、二句“I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits”. Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.(我为《哈佛商业评论》杂志撰写了题为“幸福带来好处”的封面故事。根据我的文章《积极的智力》和我在《幸福优势》中的研究，我总结了我们的研究结论：现代经济中最大的单一优势是快乐和忙碌的劳动力)”可推知，作者提及自己写的文章和调查研究，是为了支撑中心论点——幸福感，故选C。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段的“But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain.(但当我们对它进行研究时，幸福实际上会提高大脑的每一项业务和教育成果)可知，本文主要围绕人的幸福感展开论述，通过人们对幸福的不同理解和作者的佐证，以及利用研究调查得出一重要结论——幸福感可以促进业务和增强教育成果。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了证明为了证明幸福能促进事业和教育成果。故选D。

D
Have you ever yelled at your computer because it wasn’t working? Your computer couldn’t “yell” back -until now. AI researchers are now working on computers that can argue and perhaps even win debates with humans.
IBM scientists published a paper in Nature on March 17 about their new AI system - Project Debater. It can debate with people independently in front of live audiences. After listening to arguments from its opponent (对手), the system can search around 400 million online articles in less than five minutes. It looks for ideas that can support its own argument.
Testing on the system began in 2019 when it debated with Harish Natarajan, a professional debater who holds the world record for most debate competition victories. The debate topic was whether or not preschool should be subsidized(给. . . . . 补助), and the AI system argued in favor of this idea. Although the AI lost the debate in the end based on the audience vote, the audience said it did very well. Interestingly, 58 percent of the audience said that Project Debater increased their knowledge about the topic, while only 20 percent said the same about Natarajan. Also, Project Debater has shown strength at making impressive and logical opening statements in the debate, according to Scientific American.
After competing with various human debaters, the AI system’s overall performance remains inferior(逊色 的), “fully capable of sounding awkward during an argument, ” noted Scientific American.
In other words, the back-and-forth arguments in the AI system’s debates don’t sound like a real human conversation. “On stage, Project Debater is far from perfect, and its missteps (过失) reveal just how difficult and how human argumentation and debate are, ” said computer scientist Chris Reed of the University of Dundee in the UK.
Humans and technology have been facing off for decades. In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue became the first computer to defeat a reigning(卫冕的)chess champion, besting titan (巨人)Garry Kasparov in a six-game match. So after two decades, have IBM’s researchers just reproduced a “Deep Blue” to debate? It’s much more than that, the researchers noted. Argument and debate are fundamental(基本的)capabilities(能力) of human intelligence, and it’s a step outside of AI’s comfort zone to enter this realm(领域), according to the article in Nature.
13．How can Project Debater debate with humans?
A．By learning from humans.
B．By making use of its internal data.
C．By listening to researchers’ instructions.
D．By collecting a lot of data in a short time.
14．What did the majority of the audience think about the performance of Project Debater in the testing?
A．It made them more aware of the topic.
B．Its statements were not logical enough.
C．Its overall performance was better than Natarajan’s.
D．Its opening statements were boring.
15．What do paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly talk about?
A．The disadvantages of Project Debater.
B．Project Debater’s competitions with other human debaters.
C．The application of the A system in the future.
D．Challenges facing the AI system and human debaters.
16．What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A．Project Debater is considered an updated version of Deep Blue.
B．Humans have an advantage over AI in debating.
C．AI has a long way to go before it can win against humans.
D．AI technology hasn’t progressed much in the last decades.

【答案】1．D    2．A    3．A    4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能研究的项目——与人类进行辩论的Project Debater。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After listening to arguments from its opponent (对手), the system can search around 400 million online articles in less than five minutes. It looks for ideas that can support its own argument.”（听完对手的发言，该系统可以在五分钟内搜索4亿左右的在线文章。它寻找能够支持自己论点的观点。）可知，Project Debater通过在短时间内收集大量的数据来与人类辩论，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, 58 percent of the audience said that Project Debater increased their knowledge about the topic”（有趣的是，58%的观众说Project Debater 增加了他们对这个话题的知识）可知，观众觉得Project Debater 使他们更了解这个话题，故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“After competing with various human debaters, the AI system's overall performance remains inferior(逊色 的), “fully capable of sounding awkward during an argument, ” noted Scientific American. (在与各种人类辩手竞争后，人工智能系统的整体表现仍然较差。《科学美国人》杂志称 “在辩论中听起来很尴尬”)”以及第五段“In other words, the back-and-forth arguments in the AI system’s debates don’t sound like a real human conversation. “On stage, Project Debater is far from perfect, and its missteps (过失) reveal just how difficult and how human argumentation and debate are, ” said computer scientist Chris Reed of the University of Dundee in the UK. (换句话说，人工智能系统中的争论听起来并不像真正的人类对话。英国邓迪大学的Chris Reed说：“Project Debater还非常不完美，它的失误显示了论证和辩论有多难，以及多么的人类化 ”)”可知，这两段主要介绍了Project Debater的不足之处。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Argument and debate are fundamental(基本的)capabilities(能力) of human intelligence, and it’s a step outside of AI’s comfort zone to enter this realm(领域), according to the article in Nature.”（《自然》杂志上的这篇文章称，争论和辩论是人类智力的基本能力，进入这个领域是走出人工智能的舒适区一步。）可知，在辩论方面，人类比人工智能有优势。故选B。


五、 阅读七选五


Directions: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Culture Insider: Chopsticks
Simple Ways to Improve Your Written English
There are many different aspects of learning English such as listening, speaking and writing.  Many people think it is really difficult to improve their writing in English. Don’t worry, though. ___1____
·Increase your vocabulary
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. ____2____, and it also means actually being able to use them correctly. So it’s a good idea to enlarge your vocabulary by using them in your writing
·____3____
People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different writing styles.
Reading shouldn’t be boring. ____4____, and remember the beautiful words from them. Finally, use them in your writing.
·Double check your writing
____5____ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar points you are studying at the moment.
·Just do it
Remember, practice makes perfect! The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions of each text.
A．Know your levels
B．Read widely and often
C．Always check your writing twice
D．It not just means being able to know lots of words
E．Choose books or articles that interest you
F．Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas
G．Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English



【答案】1．G    2．D    3．B   74．E   75．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助大家提高英语写作水平的四个步骤。
1．空处为作者观点句，用于承上启下。上文“Many people think it is really difficult to improve their writing in English. Don’t worry, though. (学习英语有许多不同的方面，如听、说、写。许多人认为要提高英语写作水平是很难的。不过，别担心。)”可以推测出，作者用though表转折，打算安慰读者；后文小标题“Increase your vocabulary(增加词汇量)”、“Double check your writing(再次检查你的写作)”和“Just do it(只管去做)”都是作者提出的提高英语写作的技巧和步骤。G项“这里有一些简单的步骤，你可以采取来提高你的英语写作”符合文意。故选G项。
2．上文小标题“Increase your vocabulary(增加词汇量)”提到关键信息vocabulary“词汇量”，所以空处需要填到和“词汇”有关的内容。D项“这不仅仅意味着要认识很多单词”，符合文意，且words和vocabulary为近义词。故选D项。
3．空处为后段小标题。后文“Reading in English is useful in many ways. (英语阅读在很多方面都是有用的。)” 可知，这个小标题强调阅读英语的重要性。B项“广泛地读与常读。”表达了作者对于阅读的观点，符合文意。故选B项。
4．上文“Reading shouldn’t be boring.(读书不应该是无聊的)”提到关键词reading“阅读”，以及阅读给人带来的感受是“不应该是无趣的”，可以推测出后文也是在谈及阅读和如何避免无趣地阅读。E项“选择你感兴趣的书或文章”符合文意，告诉读者想要避免感觉到读书无趣，应该选择你喜欢的东西进行阅读。故选E项。
5．上文小标题“Double check your writing(再次检查你的写作)”提到关键信息要“再次检查”，所以可以推测出最该段内容和检查你的写作内容有关。C项“要经常二次检查你的写作”为同义复现，符合文意。故选C项。